Ocean, Seas and Coasts | UNEP - UN Environment Programme

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height="630" alt="Oceans & Seas" /> </div> </div> <div class="page_banner_breadcrumbs"><div> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ul class="main_breadcrumb"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> topics </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="page_banner_content"> <div class="page_banner_content_left"> <h1> <div>Ocean, Seas and Coasts</div> </h1> <div class="page_banner_intro">UNEP promotes the protection, conservation, restoration and sustainable management of the world’s marine and coastal areas. </div> </div> </div> <div class="photo_credit"> <div><a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/ocean-coasts">image credit</a></div> </div> </div> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph t002_topic_page_navigation paragraph--type--t002-topic-page-navigation paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t002_topic_page_navigation_left"> <div>Straight To</div> </div> <div class="t002_topic_page_navigation_right"> <div class="nav_collapsed"> <div class="nav_collapsed_trigger"> <i class="fa fa-plus" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-minus" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <div class="nav_collapsed_dropmenu"> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/blue-ecosystems">Blue Ecosystems</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/ecosystem-based-approaches">Ecosystem-Based Approaches </a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/ecosystem-degradation-pollution">Ecosystem Degradation & Pollution</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/finance">Finance</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/gef/focal-areas/international-waters">International Waters </a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/regional-seas-programme">Regional Seas Programme</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/small-island-developing-states">Small Island Developing States</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/science-and-innovation">Science & Innovation</a> </div> </div> <div class="nav_full"> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/blue-ecosystems">Blue Ecosystems</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/ecosystem-based-approaches">Ecosystem-Based Approaches </a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/ecosystem-degradation-pollution">Ecosystem Degradation & Pollution</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/finance">Finance</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/gef/focal-areas/international-waters">International Waters </a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/regional-seas-programme">Regional Seas Programme</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/small-island-developing-states">Small Island Developing States</a> <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/science-and-innovation">Science & Innovation</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="field_page_components"> <div class="paragraph t003_topic_page_intro paragraph--type--t003-topic-page-intro paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t003_topic_page_intro_wrap"> <div class="t003_topic_page_intro_wrap_primary"> <p>Climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution are degrading blue ecosystems, harming marine life, undermining the livelihoods of coastal communities, and negatively impacting health and well-being.</p> </div> <div class="t003_topic_page_intro_wrap_secondary col_count_2"> <p>Coastal regions, home to 40% of the global population and 12 of the world's 15 largest cities, face unique challenges. These areas, with their access to water, scenic beauty, and economic opportunities, are under pressure from intense human activities and the triple planetary crisis of <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/nexus-ocean-and-pollution" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pollution</a>, <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/nexus-ocean-and-nature" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">biodiversity loss</a> and <a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/ocean-seas-and-coasts/nexus-ocean-and-climate-0" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">climate change</a> - leaving only 15% of coastlines in a natural state. </p> <p>Blue ecosystems spanning the water continuum, are vital for communities, jobs, the global economy, food </p> <p>security, and climate resilience - they are critical to the achievement of the <a href="https://www.unep.org/resources/policy-and-strategy/global-biodiversity-loss" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Global Biodiversity Framework and all Sustainable Development Goals.</a> The ocean, a major carbon and heat sink, absorbs over 90% of excess heat and 30% of human-induced CO2 emissions. The ocean economy contributes over $1.5 trillion annually, supporting diverse cultures and economies. </p> <p>Healthy blue ecosystems safeguard economic assets, enrich biodiversity, and enhance planet and societal resilience.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="field_page_components"> <div class="paragraph t004_topic_page_highlights 176403 paragraph--type--t004-topic-page-highlights paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_wrap"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_title"> Ocean, Seas and Coasts Highlights </div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_items"> <div class="paragraph t004_topic_page_highlights_item 176400 paragraph--type--t004-topic-page-highlight-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_image"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/eagles-bears-and-snapping-turtles-wildlife-returns-one-us-most-famous-rivers" target="_blank"> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/topics_content_promo/public/2023-10/GettyImages-117146367_0_1.jpg?itok=zJB43Mdl" width="710" height="397" alt="Eagles, bears and snapping turtles: wildlife returns to one of US' most famous rivers" /> </div> </a></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_title"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/eagles-bears-and-snapping-turtles-wildlife-returns-one-us-most-famous-rivers" target="_blank"> <div>Eagles, bears and snapping turtles: wildlife returns to one of US' most famous rivers</div> </a></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_meta"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_meta_topic"><span> <div> <div id="field_curation_topic">Ocean & Coasts</div> </div> </span></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_meta_type"><span> <div>Story</div> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph t004_topic_page_highlights_item 176401 paragraph--type--t004-topic-page-highlight-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_image"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/down-drain-lies-promising-climate-and-nature-solution-un-report" target="_blank"> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/topics_content_promo/public/2023-10/338M469-highres.jpg?itok=GW1vZzy4" width="710" height="397" alt="Down the drain lies a promising climate and nature solution – UN report" /> </div> </a></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_title"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/down-drain-lies-promising-climate-and-nature-solution-un-report" target="_blank"> <div>Down the drain lies a promising climate and nature solution – UN report</div> </a></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_meta"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_meta_topic"><span> <div> <div id="field_curation_topic">Fresh water</div> </div> </span></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body_meta_type"><span> <div>Press release</div> </span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph t004_topic_page_highlights_item 176402 paragraph--type--t004-topic-page-highlight-item paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_image"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/water-related-disasters-mount-experts-push-early-warning-systems" target="_blank"> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/topics_content_promo/public/2023-10/afp.com-20221024-partners-043-dpa-pa_221024-99-237421_dpai-highres.jpg?h=6a63b762&itok=vk_yfnxo" width="710" height="397" alt="experts push for early warning systems" /> </div> </a></div> <div class="t004_topic_page_highlights_item_body"> <div 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Where: Pakistan Pavilion, Baku, Azerbaijan …</p></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta_type"><span>Event</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_image"><a href="https://www.unep.org/events/unep-event/wastewater-treatment-plants-resource-recovery-plants-raising-ambition-ndcs-30"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/topics_content_promo/s3/events/2024-11/pexels-kelly-1179532-6572422.jpg?itok=TA4CSJ1o" width="710" height="397" alt="Wastewater treatment plant" /> </a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_title"><a href="https://www.unep.org/events/unep-event/wastewater-treatment-plants-resource-recovery-plants-raising-ambition-ndcs-30">From Wastewater Treatment Plants to Resource Recovery Plants: Raising…</a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_synopsis"><p> Date: 18 Nov 2024 Time: 09:00AM – 09:40AM (GMT+4) Location: Swedish Pavilion | COP 29 Co-…</p></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta_type"><span>Event</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_image"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/can-blended-finance-help-save-worlds-coral-reefs"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/topics_content_promo/s3/2024-10/OceanImageBank_JordanRobins.jpg?itok=HIAgXeR2" width="710" height="397" alt="A sea turtles hovers over a coral reef at twilight" /> </a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_title"><a href="https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/can-blended-finance-help-save-worlds-coral-reefs">Can “blended finance” help save the world’s coral reefs?</a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_synopsis"><p>Coral reefs, the ocean's most biodiverse ecosystems, face grave threats. 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Sanitation…</a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_synopsis"><p> This webinar is organised under the intervention titled "Enhancing Wastewater, Nutrient…</p></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta_type"><span>Event</span></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_image"><a href="https://www.unep.org/events/webinar/wastewater-solution-climate-mitigation-and-methane-reduction"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/styles/topics_content_promo/s3/events/2024-10/pexels-tomfisk-5526877.jpg?itok=euEJdGr9" width="710" height="397" alt="Wastewater as a Solution for Climate Mitigation" /> </a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_title"><a href="https://www.unep.org/events/webinar/wastewater-solution-climate-mitigation-and-methane-reduction">Wastewater as a Solution for Climate Mitigation and Methane Reduction</a></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_synopsis"><p> Wastewater treatment processes today contribute as much to the global greenhouse gas (GHGs)…</p></div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta"> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_item_body_meta_type"><span>Event</span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="t006_topic_page_related_content_cta"> <a href="https://unep.org/resources/filter/topics=20" target="_blank">Show all related resources</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="field_page_components"> <div class="paragraph t011_topic_page_listing 176415 paragraph--type--t011-topic-page-listing paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t011_topic_page_listing_wrap"> <div class="t011_topic_page_listing_title"> Initiatives, Networks & Centres Collaborating With UNEP </div> <div class="t011_topic_page_listing_desc"> <p>Our work on Ocean, Seas and Coasts is carried out through public-private partnerships, often involving partners, collaborating centres and networks.</p> </div> <div class="t011_topic_page_listing_items col_3"> <div class="paragraph t011_topic_page_list 176414 paragraph--type--t011-topic-page-list paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_wrap"> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_title"> <div>Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs)</div> </div> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_items"> <div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.cbd.int/" target="_blank">Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.un.org/bbnj/" target="_blank">Intergovernmental conference on marine biodiversity of beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.ramsar.org/" target="_blank">RAMSAR Convention on Wetlands</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/regional-seas-programme" target="_blank">Regional Seas Conventions and Action Plans (RSCAPS)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://unfccc.int/" target="_blank">UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf">UN Convention on The Law of The Sea (UNCLOS) </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph t011_topic_page_list 176416 paragraph--type--t011-topic-page-list paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_wrap"> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_title"> <div>Partnerships</div> </div> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_items"> <div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://globalfundcoralreefs.org/" target="_blank">Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.gpmarinelitter.org/">Global Partnership on Plastic Pollution and Marine Litter (GPML)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://digital.gpmarinelitter.org/" target="_blank">GPML Digital Platform</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/addressing-land-based-pollution/global-partnership-nutrient" target="_blank">Global Partnership on Nutrient Management (GPNM)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://globalpeatlands.org/" target="_blank">Global Peatlands Initiative (GPI)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/water/what-we-do/global-wastewater-initiative-gwwi" target="_blank">Global Wastewater Initiative (GWWI)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://unsceb.org/un-oceans">UN-Oceans</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://unsceb.org/un-water">UN Water</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.unep.org/topics/fresh-water/water-quality/world-water-quality-alliance">World Water Quality Alliance (WWQA) </a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.fao.org/home/en">Food And Agriculture Organization of The United Nations (FAO)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.imo.org/">International Maritime Organization (IMO) </a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph t011_topic_page_list 176417 paragraph--type--t011-topic-page-list paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_wrap"> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_title"> <div>Collaborating Centres</div> </div> <div class="t011_topic_page_list_items"> <div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.grida.no/" target="_blank">Global Resource Information Database (GRID) - ARENDAL</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://unepgrid.ch/en" target="_blank">Global Resource Information Database (GRID) - Geneva</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://www.unep-wcmc.org/en" target="_blank">UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)</a></div> <div id="field_sidebar_links"><a href="https://unepdhi.org/" target="_blank">UNEP-DHI Centre on Water and Environment</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="field_page_components"> <div class="paragraph t007_topic_page_related_topics 176418 paragraph--type--t007-topic-page-related-topics paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t007_topic_page_related_topics_wrap"> <div class="t007_topic_page_related_topics_title"> <div>Related to Ocean, Seas and Coasts</div> </div> <div class="t007_topic_page_related_topics_terms"> <div> <div id="field_curation_terms"><a href="/explore-topics/chemicals-waste" hreflang="en">Chemicals & pollution action</a></div> <div id="field_curation_terms"><a href="/explore-topics/climate-action" hreflang="en">Climate Action</a></div> <div id="field_curation_terms"><a href="/explore-topics/disasters-conflicts" hreflang="en">Disasters & conflicts</a></div> <div id="field_curation_terms"><a href="/explore-topics/ecosystems-and-biodiversity" hreflang="en">Nature Action</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="field_page_components"> <div class="paragraph t012_topic_sdgs 176652 paragraph--type--t012-topic-sdgs paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="t012_topic_sdgs_wrap"> <div class="t012_topic_sdgs_goals"> <div class="t012_topic_sdgs_goal"> <a href="/topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-14-life-2" target="_blank"> <div class="ep_sdg_grid_item"> <div class="ep_sdg_grid_item_image"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.unenvironment.org/s3fs-public/styles/thumbnail/public/2023-03/E-WEB-Goal-14.png?itok=UeSLwQb0" width="100" height="100" alt="" /> </div> <div class="ep_sdg_grid_item_text"> <h3>Goal 14</h3> <div class="grid_text_description"> Life Below Water</div> </div> <div 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