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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Martelaar" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Martelaar" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Martelare_in_die_Jodedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martelare_in_die_Jodedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Martelare in die Jodedom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martelare_in_die_Jodedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martelare_in_die_Christendom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martelare_in_die_Christendom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Martelare in die Christendom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Martelare_in_die_Christendom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Martelare in die Christendom subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Martelare_in_die_Christendom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christen-vervolgings_deur_die_Romeine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christen-vervolgings_deur_die_Romeine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Christen-vervolgings deur die Romeine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christen-vervolgings_deur_die_Romeine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martelare_in_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martelare_in_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Martelare in Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martelare_in_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martelare_in_Boeddhisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martelare_in_Boeddhisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Martelare in Boeddhisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martelare_in_Boeddhisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taalkundige_anomalie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taalkundige_anomalie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Taalkundige anomalie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taalkundige_anomalie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Martelaar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 86 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4rtyrer" title="Märtyrer – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Märtyrer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="شهيد – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شهيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rtir" title="Mártir – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mártir" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fzabke%C5%9F" title="Əzabkeş – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əzabkeş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мучанік – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мучанік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Мучанік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мучанік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мъченик – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мъченик" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F" title="အာႏဇာႏနီႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အာႏဇာႏနီႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6" title="শহীদ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শহীদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzher" title="Merzher – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Merzher" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A0rtir" title="Màrtir – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Màrtir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="شەھید – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەھید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Dedn%C3%ADk" title="Mučedník – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mučedník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merthyr" title="Merthyr – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Merthyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4rtyrer" title="Märtyrer – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Märtyrer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82_(%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μάρτυρας (θρησκεία) – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάρτυρας (θρησκεία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martiro" title="Martiro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Martiro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rtir" title="Mártir – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mártir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4rter" title="Märter – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Märter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martiri" title="Martiri – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Martiri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="شهید – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شهید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marttyyri" title="Marttyyri – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Marttyyri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martler" title="Martler – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Martler" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairt%C3%ADreach" title="Mairtíreach – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mairtíreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rtir" title="Mártir – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mártir" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8" title="מרטיר – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרטיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6" title="शहीद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शहीद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denik" title="Mučenik – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mučenik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rtan%C3%BA" title="Vértanú – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vértanú" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Մարտիրոսություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարտիրոսություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyre" title="Martyre – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Martyre" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir" title="Martir – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Martir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martiro" title="Martiro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Martiro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADslarvottur" title="Píslarvottur – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Píslarvottur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martire" title="Martire – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="殉教 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="殉教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ame%C9%A3ras" title="Ameɣras – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ameɣras" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%9B" title="ទុក្ករបុគ្គល – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទុក្ករបុគ្គល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಆಹುತಾತ್ಮರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಹುತಾತ್ಮರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%9C%EA%B5%90" title="순교 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="순교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eeh%C3%AEd" title="Şehîd – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şehîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martelaer" title="Martelaer – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Martelaer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADru" title="Martíru – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Martíru" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kankinys" title="Kankinys – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kankinys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moceklis" title="Moceklis – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Moceklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martiora" title="Martiora – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Martiora" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Маченик – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Маченик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="हुतात्मा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हुतात्मा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir" title="Martir – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Martir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merteler" title="Merteler – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Merteler" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="सहिद दिवस – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सहिद दिवस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martelaar" title="Martelaar – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Martelaar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0" title="ਮਾਰਟਾਇਰ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰਟਾਇਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%99czennik" title="Męczennik – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Męczennik" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="شہید – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="شہید" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rtir" title="Mártir – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mártir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir" title="Martir – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Martir" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir" title="Martir – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Martir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мученик – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мученик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairtyr" title="Mairtyr – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mairtyr" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denik" title="Mučenik – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mučenik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Den%C3%ADk" title="Mučeník – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mučeník" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denec" title="Mučenec – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mučenec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ABshmori" title="Dëshmori – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dëshmori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%8Denik" title="Mučenik – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mučenik" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Martyr" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfiadini" title="Mfiadini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfiadini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5" title="มรณสักขี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มรณสักขี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir" title="Martir – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Martir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eehit" title="Şehit – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şehit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Мученик – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мученик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="شہید – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہید" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%AD_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o" title="Tử đạo – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tử đạo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir" title="Martir – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Martir" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="殉教 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="殉教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%87" title="Генүләч – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Генүләч" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="殉教 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="殉教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBn-k%C3%A0u-chi%C3%A1" title="Sûn-kàu-chiá – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sûn-kàu-chiá" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="殉教 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="殉教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6498826#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Martelaar" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Martelaar" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Martelaar"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div 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Vir meer hulp, sien die <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Redigeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Redigeer">redigeringshulp</a>. Daar is moontlik kommentaar in die artikel of op die besprekingsblad oor wat verbeter moet word. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>'n <b>Martelaar</b> is iemand wat vervolging en dood ly omdat hy 'n godsdienstige oortuiging of saak bepleit, verloën of weier om afstand te doen of te bepleit, soos vereis deur 'n eksterne party. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a><sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> verwoord die nou betekenis van die woord as "<i>iemand wat vrywillig die dood aanvaar eerder as om sy/haar geloof deur woord of daad te loën"</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vittore_Carpaccio_-_Saint_Sebastian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Vittore_Carpaccio_-_Saint_Sebastian.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="447" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="447" /></a><figcaption>Sint Sebastianus</figcaption></figure> <p>Die WAT<sup id="cite_ref-wat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beskryf 'n <b>martelaar</b> as iemand wat gemartel word en gee as definisie van martel "<i>om op wreedaardige manier groot liggaamlike pyn of leed aan te doen of veroorsaak gewoonlik met die doel om:</i> </p> <ul><li>godsdienstige of politieke teenstand te onderdruk</li> <li>'n skuldbekentenis af te dwing</li> <li>inligting te bekom</li> <li>sadistiese plesier te verskaf.<i>"</i></li></ul> <p>In die tweede definisie sluit die WAT ook geestelike lyding in. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/220px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/330px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg/440px-Jan_Hus_at_the_Stake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> op die brandstapel</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Catholic Encyclopaedia <sup id="cite_ref-cath_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cath-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wys daarop dat die woord oorspronklik uit Grieks kom en "getuie" beteken. Die eerste Christelike martelare was dus "<i>getuies vir Christus" wat weens hulle getuienis gedood is.</i>" <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" class="mw-redirect" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> skrywe dat die belyders van <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> wat deur die gelowiges as martelare aangespreek is, self die benaming geweier het en verklaar het dat: "<i>Hulle (die wat dood is) is martelare, maar ons is gewone belyders</i>". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Martelare_in_die_Jodedom">Martelare in die Jodedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Martelare in die Jodedom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Martelare in die Jodedom"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Attavante,_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei,_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Attavante%2C_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei%2C_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg/220px-Attavante%2C_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei%2C_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Attavante%2C_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei%2C_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg/330px-Attavante%2C_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei%2C_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Attavante%2C_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei%2C_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg/440px-Attavante%2C_martirio_dei_sette_fratelli_ebrei%2C_bibl_ap_vaticana_bibbia_ms._urb_lat_2_f_174v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1673" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption>Martelaarskap van die sewe seuns</figcaption></figure> <p>Die universele vervolging van die Jode deur die eeue het hulle 'n innige begrip van martelaarskap gegee.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit begin met die verhaal van Abraham se redding uit die klei-oond en Isaak se offer. Tydens die opstand van die Makkabeërs is die verhaal van die moeder en sewe seuns wat nie wou varkvleis eet nie in die apokriewe boek II Makkabeërs hoofstuk 7 opgeteken. Die aantal Jode wat in Nazi-Duitsland vermoor is, word op 5,700,000 geskat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Martelare_in_die_Christendom">Martelare in die Christendom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Martelare in die Christendom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Martelare in die Christendom"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die begin is die woord martelaar in die Christendom gebruik in die betekenis van "getuie vir Christus".<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die mees uitdruklike getuienis was die getuienis tot die dood. Reeds in Handelinge 22:20 en Openbaring 2:13 word die dood geïmpliseer. Die eerste Christelike martelare was Stefanus en Jacobus en die belangrikste onder die apostels <a href="/wiki/Petrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus">Petrus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Paulus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus">Paulus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pous_Clemens_I" title="Pous Clemens I">Pous Clemens I</a> beskryf hulle as die atlete van God. Verskeie van die <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Romeinse</a> keisers is bekend weens hulle vervolgings van die Christene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christen-vervolgings_deur_die_Romeine">Christen-vervolgings deur die Romeine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Christen-vervolgings deur die Romeine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Christen-vervolgings deur die Romeine"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Voor die bewind van keiser <a href="/wiki/Konstantyn_die_Grote" title="Konstantyn die Grote">Konstantyn die Grote</a> was die aanvaarding van die nasionale geloof en gode 'n verpligting is vir alle burgers.<sup id="cite_ref-cath_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cath-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Om dit nie te doen nie was verraad. Die <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Jode</a> het aan die situasie ontkom omdat aanvaar is dat <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">Judaïsme</a> die nasionale geloof van <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestina">Palestina</a> was. <a href="/wiki/Tertullianus" title="Tertullianus">Tertullianus</a> neem aan dat keiser <a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a> die vervolging van Christene begin het. Van keiser <a href="/wiki/Domitianus" title="Domitianus">Domitianus</a> is bekend dat hy sy eie familie laat ombring het omdat hulle Christene was. </p><p>In antwoord op 'n versoek van <a href="/wiki/Plinius_die_jongere" title="Plinius die jongere">Plinius die jongere</a> wat probleme ondervind het met Christene in die provinsie Bithnië-Pontus, vaardig keiser <a href="/wiki/Trajanus" title="Trajanus">Trajanus</a> die volgende wette uit in die jaar 112: </p> <ul><li>Geen aktiewe stappe moet onderneem word om uit te vind wie Christene is nie</li> <li>As Christene verkla word en toegee dat hulle Christene is, moet hulle gestraf word</li> <li>Anonieme aanklagte moet geïgnoreer word</li> <li>Christene wat hulle geloof afsweer en aan die (Romeinse) gode offer gaan vryuit.</li></ul> <p>Keiser <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> het daaraan toegevoeg dat dit 'n misdaad is om tot die Christendom te bekeer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Emperor_Traianus_Decius_(Mary_Harrsch).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Emperor_Traianus_Decius_%28Mary_Harrsch%29.jpg/220px-Emperor_Traianus_Decius_%28Mary_Harrsch%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Emperor_Traianus_Decius_%28Mary_Harrsch%29.jpg/330px-Emperor_Traianus_Decius_%28Mary_Harrsch%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Emperor_Traianus_Decius_%28Mary_Harrsch%29.jpg/440px-Emperor_Traianus_Decius_%28Mary_Harrsch%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Keiser Decius</figcaption></figure> <p>Sy opvolger keiser Decius, in 'n poging om die ou glorie van Rome te herstel, beveel dat alle Christene aan die Romeinse gode moes offer of dood gemaak moes word. Aanvanklik het baie Christene hulle geloof versaak, maar nadat die eerste groep swakkelinge afvallig geword het, het baie die marteldood gesterf. Die vervolging het agttien maande geduur. </p><p>Die vervolging onder keiser <a href="/wiki/Valerianus" title="Valerianus">Valerianus</a> wat in 257 begin het, was nog erger. <a href="/wiki/Biskop" title="Biskop">Biskoppe</a>, priester en diaken moes aan die gode offer. Adellikes is verban en hulle besittings gekonfiskeer as hulle Christene was. <a href="/wiki/Pous_Sixtus_II" title="Pous Sixtus II">Pous Sixtus II</a> en Sint Ciprianus was onder die slagoffers. Die vervolgings het aangehou totdat keiser Konstantyn aan die bewind gekom het in die jaar 313. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Martelare_in_Islam">Martelare in Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Martelare in Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Martelare in Islam"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Battle_of_Karbala_-_Abbas_Al-Musavi_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Martelaarskap van Hussein Ibn Ali</figcaption></figure> <p>Die begrip "shahid" (Arabies vir getuie) is die <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamitiese</a> begrip vir martelaar.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die begrip kom nie eksplisiet voor in die <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> nie, maar word eksplisiet beskrywe in Hadit-literatuur waar genoem word dat martelare in die hemel die naaste aan die troon van God staan. Veral hulle wat sneuwel in die Jihad of heilige oorlog word hoog vereer. Onder die Sjiïete is Hussein Ibn Ali die groot martelaar. Sy dood deur die Soenniete word elke jaar op die eerste tien dae van die maand Moeharram gevier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Martelare_in_Boeddhisme">Martelare in <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhisme</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Martelare in Boeddhisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Martelare in Boeddhisme"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoewel die Boeddhiste nie 'n geskiedenis van bloedige vervolgings of gewelddadige konflikte met ander gelowe het nie, word martelare as 'n eerbiedwaardige groep gesien.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Jataka wat die vorige lewens van Boeddha beskrywe, beskryf die voortdurende selfverloëning en dood. Die besluit van iemand wat 'n Boeddha gaan word in hierdie of 'n volgende lewe, om sy eie verligting uit te stel om iemand anders se lyding te verlig, word as martelaarskap gesien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taalkundige_anomalie">Taalkundige anomalie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Taalkundige anomalie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Taalkundige anomalie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die agtervoegsel "–aar" dui gewoonlik op iets of iemand wat 'n handeling verrig, soos leuenaar – iemand wat lieg of meulenaar – iemand wat maal. 'n Martelaar is natuurlik nie iemand wat martel nie hoewel die WAT<sup id="cite_ref-wat_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die skrywer H. du P. Steyn aanhaal uit "Rotse-toe" p119 (1940) met die sin "Die martelaar het 'n kans gesien met Hans." (Die martelaar was 'n tandarts!) As die oorspronklike Griekse betekenis van "getuie" egter in ag geneem word, dan is 'n "martelaar" iemand wat "getuienis gee". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-brit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-brit_1-4">1,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Martyr. (2008). Encyclopædia Britannica. Deluxe Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wat_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wat_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Martelaar. (1996) WAT Tiende Deel, p151. Bureau van die WAT.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cath-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cath_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cath_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Hassett, M. (1910). Martyr. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Besoek 19 September, 2014 by New Advent <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09736b.htm">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martelaar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Martyrs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Martyrs">Martyrs</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="infobox sisterproject"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource"><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/50px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/75px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/100px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Wikisource</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;">Die Engelse Wikisource bevat bronmateriaal oor hierdie onderwerp onder die titel: <div style="margin-left: 1px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Martyr" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martyr">Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martyr</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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