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<ul id="toc-Birth_date_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falun_Gong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falun_Gong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Falun Gong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falun_Gong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_abroad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_abroad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Life abroad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_abroad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shen_Yun,_The_Epoch_Times,_and_political_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shen_Yun,_The_Epoch_Times,_and_political_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shen Yun, <i>The Epoch Times</i>, and political involvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shen_Yun,_The_Epoch_Times,_and_political_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD_H%C3%B4ng-ch%C3%AC" title="Lí Hông-chì – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lí Hông-chì" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A" title="Ли Хонгджъ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ли Хонгджъ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Chung-%C4%8D%27" title="Li Chung-č' – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Li Chung-č'" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AD_F%C3%B9ng-ch%E1%B9%B3" title="Lí Fùng-chṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lí Fùng-chṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%9B%99%EC%A6%88" title="리훙즈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리훙즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B4%AA%E5%BF%97" title="李洪志 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="李洪志" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%B8" title="Ли Хунчжи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ли Хунчжи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%9F%D0%B8" title="Ли Хунгџи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ли Хунгџи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Hongzhi" title="Li Hongzhi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Li Hongzhi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_H%E1%BB%93ng_Ch%C3%AD" title="Lý Hồng Chí – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý Hồng Chí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B4%AA%E5%BF%97" title="李洪志 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="李洪志" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B4%AA%E5%BF%97" title="李洪志 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="李洪志" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q366373#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Li_(%E6%9D%8E)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li (李)">Li (李)</a></i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Li Hongzhi</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Li Lai</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-07-07</span>) </span>7 July 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (official Chinese birth date and name)<br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1951-05-13</span>) </span>13 May 1951<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 73)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Falun Gong birth date, no birth name)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, China</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Founder and leader of <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">李洪志</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Lǐ Hóngzhì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[lì xʊ̌ŋ.ʈʂî]</a></span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Li Hongzhi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">李洪志</span>; born 1951 or 1952) is a Chinese religious leader. He is the founder and leader of <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a>, or <i>Falun Dafa</i>, a United States–based <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a>. Li began his public teachings of Falun Gong on 13 May 1992 in <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>, and subsequently gave lectures and taught Falun Gong exercises across <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. </p><p>In 1995, Li began teaching Falun Gong abroad, and settled as a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_resident" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent resident">permanent resident</a> in the United States in 1998. Li's Falun Gong movement gained significant popularity in the 1990s, including in government and <a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">qigong</a> circles, but was <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">suppressed by the Chinese government</a> in 1999 after it was officially accused of being a doomsday cult.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, "Today, Chinese citizens who practice Falun Gong live under constant threat of abduction and torture. The name of the practice, its founder Mr. Li Hongzhi, and a wide assortment of homonyms are among the most censored terms on the Chinese internet. Any mention in state-run media or by Chinese diplomats is inevitably couched in demonizing labels."<sup id="cite_ref-FH2012_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH2012-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li has been also associated with performance arts group <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yun" title="Shen Yun">Shen Yun</a> ("Divine Rhythm"), and the media organizations <i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">New Tang Dynasty Television</a>, which operate as extensions of Falun Gong. They have promoted Falun Gong's philosophical beliefs and unfounded conspiracy theories.<sup id="cite_ref-NBC-COLLINS-2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC-COLLINS-2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NEW-REPUBLIC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEW-REPUBLIC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC-AUS-2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-AUS-2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RFI-2019_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFI-2019-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NEW-YORKER-201_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEW-YORKER-201-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li has stated that he believes <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Extraterrestrial intelligence">extraterrestrial aliens</a> from other dimensions walk the Earth and are responsible for introducing technology, war, and immorality. Li says that he is a being who has come to help humankind from the destruction it could face as the result of rampant evil. When asked if he was a human being, Li replied "You can think of me as a human being."<sup id="cite_ref-Time_World_1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_World_1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>There are competing accounts of Li's life that surfaced before and after the suppression of Falun Gong began in July 1999, and there is very little authoritative information on his early life. Accounts between Li's supporters and detractors diverge significantly, and as a result, can be understood within the context of the political and spiritual purposes for which different narratives were developed.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hagiography">Hagiography</h3></div> <p>An unofficial biography appeared in the first of Li's major publications, <i>Zhongguo Falun Gong</i>, and was written by journalist Zhu Huiguang. A second, official spiritual biography appeared in early editions of Falun Gong's primary text, <i>Zhuan Falun</i>, and was written by the Falun Dafa Research Society.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, this account can be understood as part of Li's (and his religion's) publicity campaign against the People's Republic of China. These biographies placed emphasis on Li's spiritual development, with minimal details on Li's ordinary work or family life. The style and content of these biographies is consistent with the "centuries-old tradition of religious biography in China." As <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Penny" title="Benjamin Penny">Benjamin Penny</a> wrote, "as with its precursors [in Chinese history], this biography seeks to establish a genealogy of the figure whose life is recorded and to buttress the orthodoxy of his doctrine."<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both biographies were omitted from later printings of Falun Gong books, as Li explained that he did not want people to focus their attention on his own history or circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These biographies state that Li was born in the town of Gongzhuling, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> Province. The first account, by Zhu Huiguang, stated that Li's family lived amidst poverty. In this edition, Li was described as developing a "spirit of bearing hardships and tolerating hard work" as he helped care for his younger siblings. The second, official version of his biography emphasized Li's average social background, stating that he belonged to an "ordinary intellectual's family".<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both biographies ascribe to Li innate virtues of compassion and discipline. The official biography focuses mainly on the lineage of <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Daoist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> masters who it says provided Li with instruction from an early age. At four, he was trained by Quan Jue, the Tenth Heir to the Great Law of the Buddha School.<sup id="cite_ref-trinity_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trinity-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By age eight, he had acquired "the superb great law with <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> powers,"<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was supposed to include invisibility, levitation, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Master Quan left him at age twelve, to be replaced by Taoist master Baji Zhenren, who provided instruction in <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a> and physical skills.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third Master arrived in 1972 from the Great Way School. Zhendaozi came from the <a href="/wiki/Changbai_Mountains" title="Changbai Mountains">Changbai Mountains</a> near the <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korean</a> border.<sup id="cite_ref-trinity_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trinity-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Li's other spiritual tutors, Zhendaozi wore ordinary attire, and taught Li the way of <a href="/wiki/Neijia" title="Neijia">inner cultivation</a> through <i><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></i>, stressing <i>xinxing</i> (i.e. "mind or heart nature, moral character"). Li's training in this period mostly took place under cover of night, possibly due to the political environment of the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhu Haiguang's version of the biography notes that Li consistently refused to take part in the campaigns of the Cultural Revolution, never joining the Red Guards or communist organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fourth Master—a woman from the Buddha School—began instructing Li in 1974. After training with these four Masters, Li's "energy potency had reached a very high level."<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His personal development plateaued around this time, with the biography stating that Li was able "to see the truth of the universe, many more beautiful things which have existed there for a long time, as well as the origin, development and future of mankind."<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, Li moved to the city of Changchun for "civilian employment," the implication being that his previous work was with the military.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At some point in the 1980s, Li married and had a daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, Li began synthesizing the teachings he received into what would become Falun Dafa. The practice would not be exactly the same as what had been transmitted to him, as those systems were not suitable to be "popularised on a large scale." Li began observing the teaching methods of other qigong masters, and by 1989 had finalised his qigong system. For the next three years until 1992, Li was said to have begun testing the system with a small group of students.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Falun Gong books published after 1999 no longer contain biographies of Li. These changes reflected a larger trend of Li retreating from the public eye.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2000 he has rarely appeared in public, his presence being almost entirely electronic or re-routed through quotations on Falun Gong's websites. Li Hongzhi's biography was removed from Falun Gong websites some time after 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Details_published_by_Chinese_government">Details published by Chinese government</h3></div> <p>The Chinese government began publishing biographies of Li after the suppression of Falun Gong began in July 1999. As such, details on Li's life published in the PRC can be understood as part of the government's publicity campaign against Falun Gong.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their objective was to "demonstrate that Li Hongzhi was thoroughly ordinary and that his claims to exceptional abilities and experiences were fraudulent."<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li was born in 1951 or 1952. His parents divorced whilst he was a toddler, and Li and his siblings remained with his mother. In 1955 they relocated to <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li is said to have attended primary and middle school in Changchun between 1960 and 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with most school-aged children in China, Li's formal education was interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a>. He did not attend high school, but ultimately completed high school through correspondence courses in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese government accounts emphasize repeatedly that Li lacks a higher education, and was an undistinguished student, notable only for playing the trumpet. </p><p>After attaining his middle school diploma in 1970, Li was said to have held "a series of unremarkable jobs":<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 1970 and 1972, Li worked at an army horse farm; from 1972 to 1978, was a trumpet player in a forest police unit in Jilin Province, and subsequently worked as a clerk in the Grain and Oil Procurement company in Changchun.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unnamed former classmates and co-workers cited in government accounts stress repeatedly that Li was unremarkable, that they never saw him practising qigong, and that they had no knowledge of the Buddhist and Daoist Masters Li claimed to have studied under.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A group of early adopters in Changchun became disenchanted after Li forbade his followers from charging fees for the practice at the end of 1994, amongst other things. The group left the Falun Gong movement, and proceeded to send to government ministries a series of accusations against Li, among them that he had not shown any supernatural powers during his youth. Falun Gong sent detailed rebuttals to the ministries.<sup id="cite_ref-palmer246_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmer246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the suppression of Falun Gong in 1999, Chinese authorities republished all these accusations, point by point.<sup id="cite_ref-palmer246_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmer246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porter_birth_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter_birth-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_date_controversy">Birth date controversy</h3></div> <p>Li's date of birth became a controversy after 1999. Falun Gong sources published that Li was born on 13 May 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese government published his birthday as 7 or 27 July 1952, pointing out that his claimed birthday was the same as <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>. As evidence of the 1952 birth, authorities quoted Pan Yufang, a midwife who recalled delivering Li in July 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pan's account included the assertion that she used <a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a> to assist in the birth, which was disputed by Falun Gong practitioners as they claimed that oxytocin was not available until after 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor David Ownby wrote in 2008 that Li Hongzhi was born <b>Li Lai</b> on 27 July 1952 in <a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jilin province">Jilin province</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese government said that Li changed his name from Lai to Hongzhi because Hongzhi, meaning <i>vast will</i>, sounded more revolutionary.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Professor <a href="/wiki/James_R._Lewis_(scholar)" title="James R. Lewis (scholar)">James R. Lewis</a> analyzed a 2015 report by Kaiwind, an anti-cult non-profit group in China, and agreed with their photographic evidence that Li was born on 7 July 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2018_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kaiwind report documented how Li approached a friend in government service who helped him change his government identification papers in late September 1994, and that the necessary government clerk's signature was forged by a police woman named Sun Lixian, who changed his birthdate and his government identification number, after which he was issued a new identification card in October.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2018_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li does not argue that he changed his identification in 1994,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he said his date of birth had been misprinted as one of the pervasive bureaucratic errors of the Cultural Revolution, and he was merely correcting it.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2001-05-08_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2001-05-08-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-palmer246_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmer246-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porter_birth_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter_birth-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time1999_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time1999-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding the accusation that he selected Gautama Buddha's birthday as his own, Li characterized it as a "smear", and said, "What's the big deal about having the same birthday as Sakyamuni [Gautama Buddha]? Many criminals were also born on that date. I have never said that I am Sakyamuni. I am just a very ordinary man."<sup id="cite_ref-Porter_birth_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter_birth-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time1999_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time1999-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Li has claimed a variety of superhuman powers, such as the power to become invisible.<sup id="cite_ref-Time_World_1999_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_World_1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc2001-05-08_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2001-05-08-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Falun_Gong">Falun Gong</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></div> <p>Li Hongzhi followed Li Weidong's "Chanmi Gong" in 1988. Then, he took a class of "Jiugong Bagua Gong" offered by Yu Guangshen. Falun Gong was produced on the basis of these two practices.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li Hongzhi introduced <i>Falun Dafa</i>, or the Great Law of the Wheel of Dharma, on 13 May 1992 (Li's 41st birthday as claimed) at the fifth Middle School in Changchun, Jilin. From 1992 to 1994 he traveled throughout China, giving lectures and teaching Falun Gong exercises; his following grew rapidly. Li's success was largely linked to the huge popularity enjoyed by <i><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">qigong</a></i> in the late 1980s and early 1990s under <a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a>'s social liberalization. He differentiated Falun Gong by prioritising "accessibility to the public" and moral content, away from esoteric notions often found in other Qigong systems.<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ownbyworld_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ownbyworld-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falun Gong's teachings are compiled from Li's lectures, and he holds definitional power in the Falun Gong belief system.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li claims that he holds supernatural powers like clairvoyance, an ability to prevent illness, as well as having eternal youth. He created a program that promises practitioners that they will have perfect health and supernatural powers quickly and easily.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also critical of alternative systems within the <i>Qigong</i> movement, stating it was "rife with false teachings and greedy and fraudulent 'masters'" and set out to rectify it. Li said that Falun Gong was a part of a "centuries-old tradition of cultivation", and in his texts would often attack those who taught "incorrect, deviant, or heterodox ways".<sup id="cite_ref-Ownbyming_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ownbyming-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li differentiated Falun Gong from other movements in Qigong by emphasizing moral values aimed to "purify one's heart and attain spiritual salvation"<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> rather than what he saw as undue emphasis on physical health and the development of supernatural powers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ian Johnson pointed out that during the greatest period of Falun Gong book sales in China, Li Hongzhi never received any royalties because all publications were bootleg.<sup id="cite_ref-wildgrass_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wildgrass-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li's success also had a large part to do with people seeking <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a> treatments at a time when China's health care system was struggling desperately to meet demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Ownbyworld_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ownbyworld-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Master of the Falun Gong cultivation system, Li claimed to "purify the students' bodies" and "unblock their main and collateral channels" and in doing so "remove the root of their disease", if they were ill. He also reputedly planted a <i>Falun</i> or "law wheel" in the abdomen of each student, and other "energy mechanisms" in other parts of their bodies. Li also described how his "Law bodies" will protect each practitioner and how he "clear[s] up the students' house and places of practice and then put[s] a covering of safety'".<sup id="cite_ref-PennyB_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PennyB-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Li's Falun Gong teachings, he emphasizes that practitioners should abide by the moral principles of truth, compassion and forbearance, in their daily lives.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to New Zealand scholar Heather Kavan, these principles have been repeated by Falun Gong members to outsiders as a tactic for evading deeper inquiry. Li has instructed his followers to lie to outsiders about Falun Gong.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Falun Gong groups, Li's early success was recognized at the 1992 and 1993 Beijing Oriental Health Expos. At the first of these events, the fair's organizer remarked that Falun Gong and Li "received the most praise [of any qigong school] at the fair, and achieved very good therapeutic results".<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event helped cement Li's popularity in the qigong world, and journalistic reports of Falun Gong's healing powers spread.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Li was made a member of the organizing committee of the Beijing Health Expo, and won several awards and commendations at the event.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this era, Li developed a positive rapport with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Public Security</a> (MPS). In 1993, he provided treatment for 100 police officers who had been injured on the job, earning praise from an organization under the MPS. Li gave lectures at the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Public_Security_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese People's Public Security University">Public Security University</a> in Beijing in 1994, and contributed proceeds from the seminars to a foundation for injured police officers.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publishing ceremony for Li's book, Zhuan Falun, was held in the auditorium of the Ministry of Public Security in January 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998 Li Hongzhi stated that he believes alien invaders walk the Earth and that modern science and race-mixing are part of their ploy to overtake humanity, and he has reportedly said that he can walk through walls and make himself invisible. Li says that he is a being from a higher level who has come to help humankind from the destruction it could face as the result of rampant evil.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen-Ebrahimian_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-Ebrahimian-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_World_1999_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time_World_1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc2001-05-08_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2001-05-08-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regarding these concepts, he said, "You must not talk with ordinary people about the high-level things I have taught you. Instead, only talk about being persecuted... about our human rights being violated."<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2018_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lewis says that Li's "emphatic" claims to his followers that he holds "exalted status", and his instructions to his followers to deflect outsiders from this fact, are contradictory to his teachings about "Truthfulness", a cornerstone of Falun Gong belief.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_2017_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2017-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_abroad">Life abroad</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Falun_Gong" title="History of Falun Gong">History of Falun Gong</a></div> <p>In 1995, Li declared that he had finished teaching Falun Gong in China, and began spreading the practice abroad. His first stop in March 1995 was to the Chinese embassy in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where he had been invited to teach the practice. This was followed by seminars in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1995 and 1999, Li gave lectures in Australia, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falun Gong associations and clubs began appearing in Europe, North America and Australia, with activities centered mainly on university campuses.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, the city of <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> named Li as an honorary citizen and goodwill ambassador for his "unselfish public service for the benefit and welfare of mankind."<sup id="cite_ref-chan2004_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan2004-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the event, Li received more measures of recognition from North American municipalities. In May 1999, Li was welcomed to <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> with greetings from the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor of Toronto</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Lieutenant Governor of Ontario</a>, and in the two months that followed also received recognition from the cities of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chan2004_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chan2004-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Li Hongzhi moved to the United States in 1996 with his wife and daughter, and in 1998 became a <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">U.S. permanent resident</a>, settling in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-ownbyfuture_12-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ownbyfuture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 July 1999, after Falun Gong was banned, the Ministry of Public Security of China leveled a series of charges against Li, including the charge of "<a href="/wiki/Disturbing_public_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Disturbing public order">disturbing public order</a>" and issued a circular indicating his status as being wanted and pressing for his arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chinese_Embassy_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinese_Embassy-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc19990729_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc19990729-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, Li Hongzhi was living in the United States. The Chinese government's request to <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> for his arrest was rejected on the grounds that the request was a matter "of a political or religious character" and lacked information on any "ordinary law crime he would have committed."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese government also revoked his passport, preventing him from travelling internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By April 2001, Li Hongzhi had received over 340 awards and proclamations from Australia, Canada, China (before crackdown), Japan, Russia, and the U.S. in recognition of the contributions to people's spiritual and physical health, and to freedom of belief in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include certificates of recognition from several governmental bodies in the United States—including Honorary Citizenship awarded by The State of Georgia and city of Atlanta.<sup id="cite_ref-awards_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awards-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 March 2001, The <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> bestowed Li Hongzhi and Falun Gong with an International Religious Freedom Award for the advancement of religious and spiritual freedom at a ceremony in the United States Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-schechter_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schechter-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was nominated for the 2001 Sakharov Prize by over 25 members of European Parliament,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2000 and 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-schechter_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schechter-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2013 was ranked by Foreign Policy Magazine as one of the 500 most powerful people in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shen_Yun,_The_Epoch_Times,_and_political_involvement"><span id="Shen_Yun.2C_The_Epoch_Times.2C_and_political_involvement"></span>Shen Yun, <i>The Epoch Times</i>, and political involvement</h2></div> <p>Performance arts group <a href="/wiki/Shen_Yun" title="Shen Yun">Shen Yun</a>, the media organization <i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i>, and a variety of other organizations such as <a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">New Tang Dynasty Television</a> operate as extensions of Falun Gong. These extensions promote Falun Gong and Hongzhi's teachings, and, in the case of <i>The Epoch Times</i>, promote conspiracy theories and far-right politics in both the United States and Europe. According to a March 2020 report by Samuel Braslow published in <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Magazine">Los Angeles Magazine</a></i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In 2000, Li founded Epoch Times to disseminate Falun Gong talking points to American readers. Six years later he launched Shen Yun as another vehicle to promote his teachings to mainstream Western audiences. Over the years Shen Yun and Epoch Times, while nominally separate organizations, have operated in tandem in Falun Gong's ongoing PR campaign against the Chinese government, taking directions from Li. </p><p> Despite its conservative agenda, Epoch Times took pains until recently to avoid wading into partisan U.S. politics. That all changed in June 2015 after Donald Trump descended on a golden escalator to announce his presidential candidacy, proclaiming that he "beat China all the time". In Trump, Falun Gong saw more than just an ally—it saw a savior. As a former Epoch Times editor told NBC News, the group's leaders "believe that Trump was sent by heaven to destroy the communist party".<sup id="cite_ref-BRASLOW-2020_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BRASLOW-2020-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>(<i>Los Angeles Magazine</i> retracted Braslow's article in September 2020 after Falun Gong filed a <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> lawsuit in May.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>The exact financial and structural connections between Falun Gong, Shen Yun, and <i>The Epoch Times</i> remains unclear. According to <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>: </p> <dl><dd>The Epoch Media Group, along with Shen Yun, a dance troupe known for its ubiquitous advertising and unsettling performances, make up the outreach effort of Falun Gong, a relatively new spiritual practice that combines ancient Chinese meditative exercises, mysticism and often ultraconservative cultural worldviews. Falun Gong's founder has referred to Epoch Media Group as "our media", and the group's practice heavily informs The Epoch Times' coverage, according to former employees who spoke with NBC News.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>The Epoch Times, digital production company <a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="New Tang Dynasty">NTD</a> and the heavily advertised dance troupe Shen Yun make up the nonprofit network that Li calls "our media". Financial documents paint a complicated picture of more than a dozen technically separate organizations that appear to share missions, money and executives. Though the source of their revenue is unclear, the most recent financial records from each organization paint a picture of an overall business thriving in the Trump era.<sup id="cite_ref-COLLINS-2019_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COLLINS-2019-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Reporter Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian speculates that Li Hongzhi's anti-<a href="/wiki/Miscegenation" title="Miscegenation">miscegenation</a> beliefs, based on the argument that multiracial heritage has no place in a supposedly race-segregated heaven, could have influenced <i>The Epoch Times</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> support of German far-right <a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen-Ebrahimian_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-Ebrahimian-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falun Gong's cosmology includes the belief that different <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicities</a> each have a correspondence to their own heavens, and that individuals of mixed race lose some aspect of this connection.<sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fags_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fags-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pennyreligion_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennyreligion-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falun Gong's teachings include belief in <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnation</a> and that one's soul (original spirit) always maintains single racial identity despite having a body of mixed race.<sup id="cite_ref-Pennyreligion_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pennyreligion-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Gutmann" title="Ethan Gutmann">Ethan Gutmann</a> noted that interracial marriage is common in Falun Gong community.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese people in New York City">Chinese people in New York City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=I+am+just+a+very+ordinary+man&rft.date=1999-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fasia%2Fmagazine%2F99%2F0802%2Fli1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLu" class="citation journal cs1">Lu, Yunfeng. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php?id=19014">"Entrepreneurial Logics and the Evolution of Falun Gong"</a>. <i>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion</i>. <b>44</b> (2): 173–185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Scientific+Study+of+Religion&rft.atitle=Entrepreneurial+Logics+and+the+Evolution+of+Falun+Gong&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173-185&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Yunfeng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baylor.edu%2Fcontent%2Fservices%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3D19014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ownbyworld-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ownbyworld_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ownbyworld_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwnby2003" class="citation journal cs1">Ownby, David (September 2003). 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"Inside the Shadowy World of Shen Yun and Its Secret Pro-Trump Ties". <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Magazine">Los Angeles Magazine</a>.</i> 9 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/shen-yun-trump/">Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526081806/https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/shen-yun-trump/">Archived</a> 26 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/lamcs/docs/lam_0920">"Corrections"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Magazine</i>. September 2020. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Magazine&rft.atitle=Corrections&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Flamcs%2Fdocs%2Flam_0920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mynewsla.com/crime/2020/05/26/epoch-times-files-slander-suit-against-los-angeles-magazine/">"Epoch Times Files Slander Suit Against Los Angeles Magazine"</a>. <i>My News LA</i>. 26 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=My+News+LA&rft.atitle=Epoch+Times+Files+Slander+Suit+Against+Los+Angeles+Magazine&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmynewsla.com%2Fcrime%2F2020%2F05%2F26%2Fepoch-times-files-slander-suit-against-los-angeles-magazine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mynewsla.com/crime/2020/07/20/judge-orders-los-angeles-magazine-to-remove-article-from-website/">"Judge Orders Los Angeles Magazine to Remove Article from Website"</a>. MyNewsLA. 20 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Judge+Orders+Los+Angeles+Magazine+to+Remove+Article+from+Website&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmynewsla.com%2Fcrime%2F2020%2F07%2F20%2Fjudge-orders-los-angeles-magazine-to-remove-article-from-website%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COLLINS-2019-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-COLLINS-2019_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/trump-qanon-impending-judgment-day-behind-facebook-fueled-rise-epoch-n1044121">"Trump, QAnon and an impending judgment day: Behind the Facebook-fueled rise of The Epoch Times"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 20 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump%2C+QAnon+and+an+impending+judgment+day%3A+Behind+the+Facebook-fueled+rise+of+The+Epoch+Times&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-news%2Ftrump-qanon-impending-judgment-day-behind-facebook-fueled-rise-epoch-n1044121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dictionary-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dictionary_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarwood2011" class="citation book cs1">Harwood, William (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UbhODgAAQBAJ"><i>Dictionary of Contemporary Mythology</i></a> (3rd ed.). World Audience Inc. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781544601403" title="Special:BookSources/9781544601403"><bdi>9781544601403</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405191342/https://books.google.com/books?id=UbhODgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Contemporary+Mythology&rft.pages=162&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=World+Audience+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781544601403&rft.aulast=Harwood&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUbhODgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fags-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fags_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXinzhangLewis2020" class="citation journal cs1">Xinzhang, Zhang; Lewis, James R. (2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27212327">"The Gods Hate Fags: Falun Gong's Reactionary Social Teachings"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Religion_and_Violence" title="Journal of Religion and Violence">Journal of Religion and Violence</a></i>. <b>8</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Documentation_Center" title="Philosophy Documentation Center">Philosophy Documentation Center</a>: 281–297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fjrv202121679">10.5840/jrv202121679</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2159-6808">2159-6808</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27212327">27212327</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233958033">233958033</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Violence&rft.atitle=The+Gods+Hate+Fags%3A+Falun+Gong%27s+Reactionary+Social+Teachings&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=281-297&rft.date=2020&rft.issn=2159-6808&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233958033%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27212327%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Fjrv202121679&rft.aulast=Xinzhang&rft.aufirst=Zhang&rft.au=Lewis%2C+James+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27212327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pennyreligion-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pennyreligion_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pennyreligion_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenny2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Penny" title="Benjamin Penny">Penny, Benjamin</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6Z6fQ7Fg3QC"><i>The Religion of Falun Gong</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-65501-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-65501-7"><bdi>978-0-226-65501-7</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religion+of+Falun+Gong&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-226-65501-7&rft.aulast=Penny&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6Z6fQ7Fg3QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutmann2014" class="citation book cs1">Gutmann, Ethan (2014). <i>The slaughter: mass killings, organ harvesting, and China's secret solution to its dissident problem</i>. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61614-940-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61614-940-6"><bdi>978-1-61614-940-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+slaughter%3A+mass+killings%2C+organ+harvesting%2C+and+China%27s+secret+solution+to+its+dissident+problem&rft.place=Amherst%2C+New+York&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-61614-940-6&rft.aulast=Gutmann&rft.aufirst=Ethan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Li_Hongzhi" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Li Hongzhi">Li Hongzhi</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.falundafa.org/">Falun Gong web site</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Interviews</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Dowell_me1999" class="citation news cs1">William Dowell me (10 May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010123230400/http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990510/interview1.html">"Interview with Li Hongzhi"</a>. <i>Ti</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990510/interview1.html">the original</a> on 23 January 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ti&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Li+Hongzhi&rft.date=1999-05-10&rft.au=William+Dowell+me&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fasia%2Fasia%2Fmagazine%2F1999%2F990510%2Finterview1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/en/upload/docs/ThirdPartyDoc/G_3.doc">"Interview with Li Hongzhi in Sydney, Australia"</a>. 2 May 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Li+Hongzhi+in+Sydney%2C+Australia&rft.date=1999-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zhuichaguoji.org%2Fen%2Fupload%2Fdocs%2FThirdPartyDoc%2FG_3.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Spaeth1999" class="citation web cs1">Anthony Spaeth (2 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011104232647/http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/0802/li1.html">"Interview: Li Hongzhi "I am just a very ordinary man"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Timeasia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/asia/magazine/99/0802/li1.html">the original</a> on 4 November 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview%3A+Li+Hongzhi+%22I+am+just+a+very+ordinary+man%22&rft.pub=Timeasia.com&rft.date=1999-08-02&rft.au=Anthony+Spaeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fasia%2Fmagazine%2F99%2F0802%2Fli1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_S._Landreth_and_J.S._Greenberg1999" class="citation web cs1">Jonathan S. Landreth and J.S. Greenberg (8 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cesnur.org/testi/falun_020.htm">"Eye of the Storm"</a>. <i>New York Times Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Eye+of+the+Storm&rft.date=1999-08-08&rft.au=Jonathan+S.+Landreth+and+J.S.+Greenberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cesnur.org%2Ftesti%2Ffalun_020.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clearharmony.net/articles/200401/17455.html">"NTDTV Press Release: Summary of the Exclusive Interview with Mr. Li Hongzhi, Founder of Falun Gong"</a>. clearharmony.net. 25 January 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NTDTV+Press+Release%3A+Summary+of+the+Exclusive+Interview+with+Mr.+Li+Hongzhi%2C+Founder+of+Falun+Gong&rft.pub=clearharmony.net&rft.date=2004-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clearharmony.net%2Farticles%2F200401%2F17455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALi+Hongzhi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Falun_Gong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ffe57f;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Falun_Gong" title="Template:Falun Gong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Falun_Gong" title="Template talk:Falun Gong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Falun_Gong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Falun Gong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Falun_Gong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe57f;;width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Falun_Gong" title="History of Falun Gong">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Li Hongzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_Falun_Gong" title="Teachings of Falun Gong">Teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong_in_Hong_Kong" title="Falun Gong in Hong Kong">Falun Gong in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong_outside_mainland_China" title="Falun Gong outside mainland China">Falun Gong outside mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Springs" title="Dragon Springs">Dragon Springs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe57f;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tang_Dynasty_Television" title="New Tang Dynasty Television">New Tang Dynasty Television</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/China_Uncensored" title="China Uncensored">China Uncensored</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_of_Hope" title="Sound of Hope">Sound of Hope</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanzhongguo" title="Kanzhongguo">Vision Times</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Vision_China_Times" title="Vision China Times">Vision Times Media Australia</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Yun" title="Shen Yun">Shen Yun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe57f;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Tribunal" title="China Tribunal">China Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_to_Investigate_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Coalition to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong">Coalition to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilgour%E2%80%93Matas_report" title="Kilgour–Matas report">Kilgour–Matas report</a> (<a href="/wiki/Organ_harvesting_from_Falun_Gong_practitioners_in_China" title="Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China">Organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in China</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident">Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firing_Squad_(2024_film)" title="The Firing Squad (2024 film)">The Firing Squad</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasurf" title="Ultrasurf">Ultrasurf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/610_Office" title="610 Office">610 Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_(symbol)" title="Falun (symbol)">Falun (symbol)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ffe57f;;width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong:_The_End_of_Days" title="Falun Gong: The End of Days">Falun Gong: The End of Days</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong_and_the_Future_of_China" title="Falun Gong and the Future of China">Falun Gong and the Future of China</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Religion_of_Falun_Gong" title="The Religion of Falun Gong">The Religion of Falun Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Forbidden_City" title="Revenge of the Forbidden City">Revenge of the Forbidden City</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366373#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366373#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366373#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120447797">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr98001239">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13530903k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13530903k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00737386">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36731066">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12204223?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1438911">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/120447797">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/050457721">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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