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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribuïr</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=P%C3%B2nt" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=P%C3%B2nt" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminologia_e_classificacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminologia_e_classificacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminologia e classificacion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terminologia_e_classificacion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Terminologia e classificacion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terminologia_e_classificacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esquèma_generau_d'un_pònt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esquèma_generau_d'un_pònt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Esquèma generau d'un pònt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esquèma_generau_d'un_pònt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificacion_generala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacion_generala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Classificacion generala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacion_generala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generalitats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generalitats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Generalitats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generalitats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_pònts_d'arcada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_pònts_d'arcada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Lei pònts d'arcada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_pònts_d'arcada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_pònts_d'arc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_pònts_d'arc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Lei pònts d'arc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_pònts_d'arc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_pònts_de_bigas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_pònts_de_bigas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Lei pònts de bigas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_pònts_de_bigas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_pònts_suspenduts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_pònts_suspenduts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Lei pònts suspenduts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_pònts_suspenduts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_pònts_de_tirants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_pònts_de_tirants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Lei pònts de tirants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_pònts_de_tirants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autrei_tipes_de_classificacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autrei_tipes_de_classificacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Autrei tipes de classificacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autrei_tipes_de_classificacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lei_periòdes_preïstorics_e_protoïstorics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_periòdes_preïstorics_e_protoïstorics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Lei periòdes preïstorics e protoïstorics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_periòdes_preïstorics_e_protoïstorics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_l'Antiquitat_a_la_Renaissença" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_l'Antiquitat_a_la_Renaissença"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>De l'Antiquitat a la Renaissença</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_l'Antiquitat_a_la_Renaissença-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_pònts_modèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_pònts_modèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lei pònts modèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_pònts_modèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-L'estructuracion_dei_còrs_d'engenhaires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'estructuracion_dei_còrs_d'engenhaires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>L'estructuracion dei còrs d'engenhaires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'estructuracion_dei_còrs_d'engenhaires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'aquisicion_dei_sabers_teorics_e_lor_difusion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'aquisicion_dei_sabers_teorics_e_lor_difusion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>L'aquisicion dei sabers teorics e lor difusion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'aquisicion_dei_sabers_teorics_e_lor_difusion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'adopcion_de_formas_e_de_materiaus_novèus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'adopcion_de_formas_e_de_materiaus_novèus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>L'adopcion de formas e de materiaus novèus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'adopcion_de_formas_e_de_materiaus_novèus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concepcion,_construccion_e_mantenença" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concepcion,_construccion_e_mantenença"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concepcion, construccion e mantenença</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concepcion,_construccion_e_mantenença-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Concepcion, construccion e mantenença</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concepcion,_construccion_e_mantenença-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_concepcion_d'un_pònt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_concepcion_d'un_pònt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>La concepcion d'un pònt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_concepcion_d'un_pònt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_construccion_d'un_pònt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_construccion_d'un_pònt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>La construccion d'un pònt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_construccion_d'un_pònt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_mantenença_e_la_fin_de_vida_d'un_pònt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_mantenença_e_la_fin_de_vida_d'un_pònt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>La mantenença e la fin de vida d'un pònt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_mantenença_e_la_fin_de_vida_d'un_pònt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pònt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 177 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-177" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">177 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brug" title="Brug - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brug" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCcke" title="Brücke - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Brücke" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5%E1%8B%AD" title="ድልድይ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ድልድይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puent" title="Puent - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Puent" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogogo" title="Ogogo - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ogogo" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="पुल - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पुल" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1" title="جسر - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%AB%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܓܫܪܐ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܫܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="قنطرة - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قنطرة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="كوبرى - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaka" title="Chaka - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chaka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6rp%C3%BC" title="Körpü - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Körpü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88" title="کؤرپو - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کؤرپو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Күпер - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күпер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreteg" title="Kreteg - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kreteg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%97lpts" title="Tėlpts - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tėlpts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulay" title="Tulay - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tulay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambatan" title="Jambatan - West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Jambatan" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мост - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мост" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мост - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мост" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasak" title="Sasak - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Sasak" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мост - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="पुल - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="সেতু - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="ཟམ་པ། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟམ་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont" title="Pont - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pont" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Хүүргэ - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүүргэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont" title="Pont - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pont" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%B2_(gi%C3%B3ng-d%C3%A9%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3k_gi%C3%A9k-g%C3%A1iu)" title="Giò (gióng-dé̤ṳk giék-gáiu) - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giò (gióng-dé̤ṳk giék-gáiu)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="ТӀай - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТӀай" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulay" title="Tulay - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tulay" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3xov%C3%B4ho%27o" title="Hóxovôho'o - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Hóxovôho'o" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="پرد - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2st" title="Mòst - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Mòst" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кĕпер - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕпер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont" title="Pont - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pont" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro" title="Bro - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bro" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCcke" title="Brücke - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brücke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%B1rd" title="Pırd - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pırd" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AD%CF%86%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Γέφυρα - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γέφυρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bridge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto" title="Ponto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ponto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente" title="Puente - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puente" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sild" title="Sild - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sild" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zubi" title="Zubi - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puenti" title="Puenti - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Puenti" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84" title="پل - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silta" title="Silta - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Silta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sild" title="Sild - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Sild" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont" title="Pont - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pont" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont" title="Pont - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pont" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%AAge" title="Brêge - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brêge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droichead" title="Droichead - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Droichead" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="橋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pon" title="Pon - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Pon" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drochaid" title="Drochaid - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Drochaid" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="پۊرد - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="پۊرد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvorasa" title="Yvorasa - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvorasa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droghad" title="Droghad - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Droghad" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="גשר - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גשר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="सेतु - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेतु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pul" title="Pul - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pul" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3st" title="Móst - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Móst" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pon" title="Pon - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADd" title="Híd - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Híd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BB" title="Կամուրջ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կամուրջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jematan" title="Jematan - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jematan" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jembatan" title="Jembatan - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jembatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangtay" title="Rangtay - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rangtay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto" title="Ponto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ponto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BA" title="Brú - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%AD%E1%92%8D%E1%91%8E%E1%99%B3%E1%90%8A%E1%91%A6_%E1%93%82%E1%90%B1%E1%91%8E%E1%93%AF%E1%92%AA%E1%94%AA%E1%91%A6" title="ᑭᒍᑎᙳᐊᑦ ᓂᐱᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ - inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑭᒍᑎᙳᐊᑦ ᓂᐱᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="橋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brij" title="Brij - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Brij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cripu" title="cripu - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cripu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreteg" title="Kreteg - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kreteg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ხიდი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasukka" title="Tasukka - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasukka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondoloko" title="Kondoloko - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kondoloko" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1byiek" title="A̱byiek - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱byiek" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarambah" title="Jarambah - Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Jarambah" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80" title="Көпір - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көпір" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86" title="ಸೇತುವೆ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೇತುವೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EB%9F%89" title="교량 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교량" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%94%D8%AF%D9%95%D9%84" title="کٔدٕل - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کٔدٕل" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pir" title="Pir - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pir" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons" title="Pons - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pons" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BF%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%A9" title="Көпүрө - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көпүрө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons" title="Pons - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pons" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9ck_(Architektur)" title="Bréck (Architektur) - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bréck (Architektur)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="Муьгъ - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Муьгъ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B6gk_(bouwwerk)" title="Brögk (bouwwerk) - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Brögk (bouwwerk)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_(costruzion)" title="Pont (costruzion) - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pont (costruzion)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gbagba" title="Gbagba - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gbagba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7" title="ຂົວ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຂົວ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiltas" title="Tiltas - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiltas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilts" title="Tilts - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tilts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetezana" title="Tetezana - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tetezana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titian" title="Titian - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Titian" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мост - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="പാലം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80" title="Гүүр - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гүүр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="पूल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पूल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jambatan" title="Jambatan - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jambatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puonte" title="Puonte - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Puonte" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="တံတား - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တံတား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCch" title="Brüch - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Brüch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brogge_(bouwwark)" title="Brogge (bouwwark) - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Brogge (bouwwark)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="पुल - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="ता - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brug_(bouwwerk)" title="Brug (bouwwerk) - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brug (bouwwerk)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bru" title="Bru - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bru" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro" title="Bro - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont" title="Pont - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pont" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4_(%D0%B0%D1%80%C3%A6%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Хид (арæзтад) - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хид (арæзтад)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2" title="ਪੁਲ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੁਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCcke" title="Brücke - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Brücke" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brij" title="Brij - Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Brij" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DD%AA" title="پݪ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پݪ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaka" title="Chaka - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chaka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pod" title="Pod - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pod" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apunti" title="Apunti - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Apunti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мост - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мост" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Міст - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Міст" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Күргэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Күргэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponti" title="Ponti - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ponti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brig" title="Brig - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Brig" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8F%D9%84" title="پُل - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پُل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පාලම් - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පාලම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bridge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most" title="Most - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Most" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zambuko" title="Zambuko - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zambuko" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buundo" title="Buundo - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Buundo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ura" title="Ura - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мост - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мост" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4%C3%A4ch" title="Brääch - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Brääch" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasak" title="Sasak - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sasak" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro" title="Bro - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bro" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraja" title="Daraja - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daraja" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாலம் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/alup_(%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91)" title="alup (橋樑) - Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="alup (橋樑)" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8" title="వంతెన - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వంతెన" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Пул - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пул" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="สะพาน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สะพาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulay" title="Tulay - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tulay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6pr%C3%BC" title="Köprü - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Köprü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Күпер - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күпер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Міст - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міст" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8F%D9%84" title="پُل - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پُل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBprik" title="Koʻprik - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻprik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte" title="Ponte - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ponte" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sild" title="Sild - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sild" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_(giao_th%C3%B4ng)" title="Cầu (giao thông) - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cầu (giao thông)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_(bastixhaedje)" title="Pont (bastixhaedje) - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pont (bastixhaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulay" title="Tulay - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tulay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%A5" title="桥 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="桥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Бурм - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Бурм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ხინჯი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხინჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7" title="בריק - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בריק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af%C3%A1r%C3%A1" title="Afárá - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Afárá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="橋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="橋" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%B4_(kau-thong)" title="Kiô (kau-thong) - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiô (kau-thong)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="橋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmCabeko" title="UmCabeko - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmCabeko" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12280#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/330px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/440px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pònt dau Golden Gate.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>pònt</b> (var. <b>pont</b>) es una estructura realizada per permetre de passar un obstacle naturau ò artificiau (<a href="/wiki/Ribi%C3%A8ra" title="Ribièra">ribièra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vau" class="mw-redirect" title="Vau">vau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estrech" title="Estrech">destrech</a>, etc.) en circulant au dessús. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminologia_e_classificacion">Terminologia e classificacion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Terminologia e classificacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Terminologia e classificacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esquèma_generau_d'un_pònt"><span id="Esqu.C3.A8ma_generau_d.27un_p.C3.B2nt"></span>Esquèma generau d'un pònt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Esquèma generau d'un pònt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Esquèma generau d'un pònt"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un pònt es constituït de tres partidas principalas : </p> <ul><li>lo taulier que correspònd au nivèu de circulacion dei pedons, deis <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animaus</a> ò dei veïculs entre lei doas extremitats dau pònt. Es format d'una ò de mai d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Travada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Travada (la pagina existís pas)">travada</a>, tèrme que designa lei seccions dau pònt situadas entre doas pielas ò entre una piela e una <a href="/wiki/Culada" title="Culada">culada</a>.</li> <li>lei sostèns que permèton de suportar lo taulier. Correspòndon ai pielas e ai <a href="/wiki/Culada" title="Culada">culadas</a>.</li> <li>lei fondamentas que permèton de transmetre leis esfòrç <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_(fisica)" title="Mecanica (fisica)">mecanics</a> de l'obratge au terren.</li></ul> <p>L'esquèma aicí dessota representa un pònt de trau drech continú. Aquò permet de donar quauquei definicions suplementàrias : </p> <ul><li>la dubertura liura es l'espaci liure entre lei pielas.</li> <li>la dubertura totala es la distància entre lei muralhas dei doas culadas.</li> <li>l'autor de desgatjament es l'autor liura en dessota dau pònt.</li> <li>lo gabarit de navegacion es l'espaci liure necessari au passatge d'un <a href="/wiki/Naviri" title="Naviri">naviri</a> en dessota dau pònt.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/800px-P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/1200px-P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png/1600px-P%C3%B2nt_-_Esqu%C3%A8ma_generau.png 2x" data-file-width="1766" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><div class="center">Esquèma generau d'un pònt</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classificacion_generala">Classificacion generala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Classificacion generala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Classificacion generala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Generalitats">Generalitats</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Generalitats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Generalitats"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La classicacion generala dei pònts es basada sus l'analisi dei metòdes utilizats per transmetre lei <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a" title="Fòrça">fòrças</a> au sen de l'estructura de l'obratge. Aquò es de còps complèxe car un pònt pòu èsser constituït de pèças introdusent de mòdes de transmission e d'esfòrç variats. Aquò permet de definir dos ensemble de pònts. Lo premier estúdia la natura de la resultanta principala dei <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a" title="Fòrça">fòrças</a> aplicadas sus lei culadas e lei sostens de l'estructura. Aqueu sistèma contèn tres categorias : </p> <ul><li>lei pònts sostenguts per de cables que presentan una compausanta orizontala de traccion.</li> <li>lei pònts sostenguts per de traus qu'aplican una accion verticala de compression sus sei sostens.</li> <li>lei pònts d'arc que presentan una compausanta oblica de compression que tend a alunchar la <a href="/wiki/Culada" title="Culada">culada</a>.</li></ul> <p>Un autre apròchi consistís a estudiar la natura deis esfòrç predominants. Dins aqueu cas, tres categorias e cinc tipes principaus de pònt pòdon èsser definits : </p> <ul><li>lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arcada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arcada (la pagina existís pas)">pònts d'arcada</a> e lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arc (la pagina existís pas)">pònts d'arc</a> son caracterizats per d'esfòrç de compression.</li> <li>lei pònts sostenguts amb de bigas son caracterizats per d'esfòrç de flexion.</li> <li>lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">pònts suspenduts</a> e lei pònts tenguts amb de tirants son caracterizats per d'esfòrç de traccion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_pònts_d'arcada"><span id="Lei_p.C3.B2nts_d.27arcada"></span>Lei pònts d'arcada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei pònts d'arcada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei pònts d'arcada"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arcada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arcada (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt d'arcada</a>.</div> <p>Lei pònts d'arcada son un tipe de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arc (la pagina existís pas)">pònt d'arc</a> qu'an una importància particulara dins l'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istòria</a> dei pònts en causa de l'ancianetat de lor estructura. D'efiech, de l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> a la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Industriala" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucion Industriala">Revolucion Industriala</a>, la màger part dei pònts importants èran de pònt d'arcada. L'imatge <a href="/wiki/Tradicion" title="Tradicion">tradicionau</a> dau pònt es ansin sovent aqueu d'un pònt d'arcada de pèira permetent de passar una <a href="/wiki/Ribi%C3%A8ra" title="Ribièra">ribièra</a> ò un <a href="/wiki/Fluvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvi">fluvi</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. De còps, de materiaus coma la <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a> èran utilizats. Dempuei la fin dau sègle, l'usatge de materiaus modèrnes (<a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">betum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metau</a>, materiaus composits, etc.) s'es desvolopat. </p><p>Lei pònts d'arcada aplican generalament de pressions importantas sus sei sostens. En particular, lei <a href="/wiki/Culada" title="Culada">culadas</a> son somesas a de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a" title="Fòrça">fòrças</a> que tendon a leis alunchar dau pònt. La pèira èra fòrça adaptada a aquelei constrenchas car pòu resistir a d'esfòrç de compression fòrça importants. En revènge, es mens adaptada a la flexion. Per aquela rason, lei pònts de pèira avián generalament de travadas cortas e lo passatge d'una barriera fisica lònga necessitava la construccion de plusors arcadas. Lei materiaus modèrnes an modificat aquelei donadas car resiston mai a la flexion. Per exemple, lei pònts d'arcada metallics pòdon aver una portada pus importanta que lei pònts ancians. </p><p>Leis arcadas pus utilizadas son d'arcs de plen cintre car aquela forma es relativament aisada de construrre. Pasmens, d'autrei formas apareguèron pauc a cha pauc a partir de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>. Per exemple, l'arc ogivau facilita la construccion. Leis arcs de ceucle e lei formas en manelha de panier, imaginadas a partir dau sègle XVI, permèton lo passatge de quantitats pus importantas d'aiga entre lei pielas. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arc de plen cintre"><img alt="Arc de plen cintre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg/120px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg/180px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg/240px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-plein-cintre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Arc de plen cintre</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arc ogivau"><img alt="Arc ogivau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg/120px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg/180px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg/240px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-ogive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Arc ogivau</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arc de ceucle"><img alt="Arc de ceucle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg/120px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg/180px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg/240px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-arc-cercle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Arc de ceucle</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arc en forma de manelha de panier"><img alt="Arc en forma de manelha de panier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg/120px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg/180px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg/240px-Pont-vo%C3%BBte-anse-panier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Arc en forma de manelha de panier</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_pònts_d'arc"><span id="Lei_p.C3.B2nts_d.27arc"></span>Lei pònts d'arc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei pònts d'arc" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei pònts d'arc"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arc (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt d'arc</a>.</div> <p>Lei pònts d'arc son de pònts capables de passar un obstacle gràcias a una arcada unica. Per aquò, l'usatge de materiaus recents (<a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">acier</a>, etc.) es sovent necessari car la pèira es pas en mesura de sostenir lei constrenchas necessàrias. D'efiech, aquelei pònts dèvon generalament resistir a d'esfòrç de compression e de flexion. Tres tipes principaus existisson : </p> <ul><li>lei pònts encastrats dins sei ponchs de sosten.</li> <li>lei pònts articulats au nivèu de sei dos ponchs de sosten e au mitan de lor dubertura.</li> <li>lei pònts articulats unicament au nivèu de sei dos ponchs de sosten.</li></ul> <p>Leis articulacions permèton de desplaçaments lateraus e verticaus deis estructuras, çò que dona mai de soplesa au pònt. Son sovent emplegadas dins lei pònts ferroviaris car lo passatge dei <a href="/wiki/Tren" title="Tren">trens</a> entraïna d'oscillacions importantas, en particular dins lo cas dei trens de granda velocitat. Leis articulacions son tanben fòrça utilizadas per lei pònts de betum car limitan l'aparicion de fendilhas. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt d'arc amb un taulier inferior ò suspendut"><img alt="Pònt d'arc amb un taulier inferior ò suspendut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg/120px-Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg/180px-Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg/240px-Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-suspendu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt d'arc amb un taulier inferior ò suspendut</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taulier intermediari"><img alt="Taulier intermediari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg/120px-Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg/180px-Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg/240px-Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-intermediaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Taulier intermediari</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taulier portat ò superior"><img alt="Taulier portat ò superior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg/120px-Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg/180px-Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg/240px-Pont-arc-b%C3%A9ton-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Taulier portat ò superior</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt amb doas articulacions"><img alt="Pònt amb doas articulacions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg/120px-Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg/180px-Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg/240px-Pont-arc-m%C3%A9tallique-sup%C3%A9rieur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt amb doas articulacions</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt amb tres articulacions"><img alt="Pònt amb tres articulacions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg/120px-Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg/180px-Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg/240px-Pont-arc-trois-articulations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt amb tres articulacions</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_pònts_de_bigas"><span id="Lei_p.C3.B2nts_de_bigas"></span>Lei pònts de bigas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei pònts de bigas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei pònts de bigas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'utilizacion de bigas es un mejan interessant de sostenir lo taulier d'un pònt. D'efiech, dins aqueu cas, lei <a href="/wiki/Culada" title="Culada">culadas</a> e lei sostens intermediaris son somés a d'esfòrç verticaus pus limitats e la màger part dei constrenchas subidas per l'estructura son alora d'esfòrç de flexion. A l'origina, lei bigas èran de <a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a>. Pasmens, uei, lo <a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">betum</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Metau" class="mw-redirect" title="Metau">metau</a> son fòrça utilizats, çò que permet d'obtenir de portadas importantas. En mai dei materiaus, de variantas existisson per quant au tipe de biga (biga plena, biga caisson, biga trelís e biga <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_bow-string&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt bow-string (la pagina existís pas)">bow-string</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_pònts_suspenduts"><span id="Lei_p.C3.B2nts_suspenduts"></span>Lei pònts suspenduts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei pònts suspenduts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei pònts suspenduts"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt suspendut</a>.</div> <p>Lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">pònts suspenduts</a> son constituïts de doas partidas principalas : </p> <ul><li>un taulier, generalament d'<a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A8r" title="Acièr">acier</a> ò de <a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">betum</a>, assegura la continuitat de la via portada e la desparticion dei <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massas</a>.</li> <li>un ensemble d'organs portaires compausats de cables de suspension, de cables portaires e de pilòns.</li></ul> <p>Lei cables de suspension permèton de sostenir lo taulier e de transmetre lei cargas ai cables portaires. Plusors solucions existisson alora per gerir aquelei cargas. La pus frequenta es d'utilizar de pilòns e de massís d'ancoratge. Lei cables portaires transmèton alora una reaccion verticala ai pilòns e d'esfòrç de traccion ai massís. Pasmens, es tanben possible d'ancorar lei cables portaires dirèctament au taulier. Dins fòrça cas, lei pònts suspenduts dispausan de dispositius, installats a la cima dei pilòns, per equilibrar lo movement dei cables e dau taulier. </p><p>Lo concèpte de pònt suspendut es relativament ancian en certanei regions coma l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Inca">Empèri Inca</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>. Dins aquò, la construccion de pònts suspenduts modèrnes es pus recenta car lei materiaus e lei calculs requists per assegurar son estabilitat necessitan un certan nivèu <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologic</a>. Aquò es un defaut major d'aqueu tipe de pònt. D'autrei problemas son la susvelhança necessària per empachar la desgradacion deis elements indispensables coma lei massís d'ancoratge ò lei cables. Lo remplaçament d'un cable es tanben un pretzfach complèxe. Pasmens, lei pònts suspenduts an l'avantatge de permetre lo passatge d'obstacles de plusors quilomètres car an una portada pus importanta que leis autrei tipes de pònts. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt suspendut simple amb una travada unica"><img alt="Pònt suspendut simple amb una travada unica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg/120px-Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg/180px-Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg/240px-Pont-suspendu-%C3%A0-trav%C3%A9e-uniq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt suspendut simple amb una travada unica</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt suspendut de tres travadas"><img alt="Pònt suspendut de tres travadas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg/120px-Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg/180px-Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg/240px-Akashi-Kaikyo_Bridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt suspendut de tres travadas</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Xihoumen-Bridge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt mesclant travadas suspendudas e travadas sostengudas amb de bigas"><img alt="Pònt mesclant travadas suspendudas e travadas sostengudas amb de bigas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Xihoumen-Bridge.svg/120px-Xihoumen-Bridge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Xihoumen-Bridge.svg/180px-Xihoumen-Bridge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Xihoumen-Bridge.svg/240px-Xihoumen-Bridge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="149" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt mesclant travadas suspendudas e travadas sostengudas amb de bigas</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Divèrsei formas de pilòns"><img alt="Divèrsei formas de pilòns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg/120px-Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg/180px-Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg/240px-Pylones-%C3%A0-2-nappes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="397" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Divèrsei formas de pilòns</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joncion entre de cables de suspension e un cable portaire"><img alt="Joncion entre de cables de suspension e un cable portaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg/90px-Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg/135px-Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg/180px-Golden_Gate_Bridge_architecture_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Joncion entre de cables de suspension e un cable portaire</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:The_Cable_Anchors.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Massís d'ancoratge dei cables portaires"><img alt="Massís d'ancoratge dei cables portaires" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Cable_Anchors.JPG/120px-The_Cable_Anchors.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Cable_Anchors.JPG/180px-The_Cable_Anchors.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/The_Cable_Anchors.JPG/240px-The_Cable_Anchors.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Massís d'ancoratge dei cables portaires</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_pònts_de_tirants"><span id="Lei_p.C3.B2nts_de_tirants"></span>Lei pònts de tirants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei pònts de tirants" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei pònts de tirants"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_tirants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de tirants (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de tirants</a>.</div> <p>Lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_tirants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de tirants (la pagina existís pas)">pònts de tirants</a> son un tipe particular de <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">pònts suspenduts</a>. Lo ròtle dau taulier i es incambiat. Deu sostenir la <a href="/wiki/Rota" title="Rota">rota</a> ò lo <a href="/wiki/Camin_de_f%C3%A8rre" title="Camin de fèrre">camin de fèrre</a> e permetre lo despartiment dei <a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">massas</a>. En revènge, leis organs portaires son reduchs ai pilòns e ai cables, çò que permet de se passar de massís d'ancoratge. Per aquò, lei pilòns asseguran la resisténcia ais esfòrç de compression e lei cables, fixats ai pilòns, asseguran la traccion dau taulier<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, es sovent necessari de renforçar lei tirants pus pròches dei <a href="/wiki/Culada" title="Culada">culadas</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esquèma generau d'un pònt de tirants"><img alt="Esquèma generau d'un pònt de tirants" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/120px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/180px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg/240px-Bridge-fan-cable-stayed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Esquèma generau d'un pònt de tirants</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exemple d'un pònt amb dos ensembles de tirants"><img alt="Exemple d'un pònt amb dos ensembles de tirants" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg/120px-Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg/180px-Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg/240px-Chongming_bridge_elevation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Exemple d'un pònt amb dos ensembles de tirants</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt sostengut per dos pilòns centrats"><img alt="Pònt sostengut per dos pilòns centrats" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg/120px-Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg/180px-Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg/240px-Papineau-Leblanc_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt sostengut per dos pilòns centrats</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Novy_Most_d.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt sostengut per un pilòn unic"><img alt="Pònt sostengut per un pilòn unic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Novy_Most_d.JPG/120px-Novy_Most_d.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Novy_Most_d.JPG/180px-Novy_Most_d.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Novy_Most_d.JPG/240px-Novy_Most_d.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center">Pònt sostengut per un pilòn unic</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autrei_tipes_de_classificacion">Autrei tipes de classificacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Autrei tipes de classificacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Autrei tipes de classificacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon lei besonhs, d'autrei classificacions son utilizadas. Per exemple, es possible d'utilizar lo tipe de via portada per diferenciar lei diferents pònts : pònt rotier, pònt ferroviari, pònt-avion, passarèla, pònt-canau, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rta-aiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Pòrta-aiga">pòrta-aiga</a>, etc. D'autrei critèris de classificacion pòdon èsser lo caractèr permanent ò provisòri dau pònt (<a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt_Bailey" title="Pònt Bailey">pònts Bailey</a>), l'existéncia de partidas mobilas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_virant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt virant (la pagina existís pas)">pònts virants</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_levant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt levant (la pagina existís pas)">pònts levants</a>), la preséncia d'abitacions, la preséncia de <a href="/wiki/Fortificacion" title="Fortificacion">fortificacions</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt_fortificat" title="Pònt fortificat">pònts fortificats</a>), etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_periòdes_preïstorics_e_protoïstorics"><span id="Lei_peri.C3.B2des_pre.C3.AFstorics_e_proto.C3.AFstorics"></span>Lei periòdes preïstorics e protoïstorics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei periòdes preïstorics e protoïstorics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei periòdes preïstorics e protoïstorics"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon lei <a href="/wiki/Conoissen%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Conoissença">conoissenças</a> actualas, lei pònts de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarr_Steps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarr Steps (la pagina existís pas)">Tarr Steps</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_micen%C3%A8u_de_Kazarma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt micenèu de Kazarma (la pagina existís pas)">pònt micenèu de Kazarma</a> son generalament presentats coma lei pònts pus vièlhs encara conservats. Dins lo premier cas, es un assemblatge de lausas sostengudas per de pèiras tenent lo ròtle de bigas que permet de passar un <a href="/wiki/Riu" title="Riu">riu</a> dins lo <a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">comtat britanic de Somerset</a>. Es sovent datat de <a href="/wiki/-1400" class="mw-redirect" title="-1400">1400 avC</a>, mai en realitat ges d'element permet d'afiermar d'un biais segur una origina tant anciana<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dins lo segond cas, es un pònt d'arcada e es possible d'aver una datacion pus precisa que se situa entre <a href="/wiki/-1340" class="mw-redirect" title="-1340">1340</a> e <a href="/wiki/-1200" class="mw-redirect" title="-1200">1200 avC</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Lo caractèr non <a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">empiric</a> d'aqueleis estructuras laissan supausar l'existéncia de pònts pus ancians bastits segon de tecnicas pus primitivas. D'efiech, la construccion d'arcada èra una tecnica mestrejada per plusors <a href="/wiki/Civilizacion" title="Civilizacion">civilizacions</a> avançadas de l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquitat" title="Antiquitat">Antiquitat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egipte_Antica" class="mw-redirect" title="Egipte Antica">Egipte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etruscs" title="Etruscs">Etruscs</a>, etc.). De mai, lei pònts primitius actuaus son construchs amb de materiaus passadís (<a href="/wiki/Fusta" title="Fusta">fusta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liana (la pagina existís pas)">liana</a>, etc.) que laissan ges de vestigis per leis <a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueològs</a>. Lei premiers pònts son donc probable anteriors ai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarr_Steps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarr Steps (la pagina existís pas)">Tarr Steps</a> e ais obratges micenèus, mai es pas possible d'obtenir una data. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Arkadiko_bridge,_mycenaean,_Late_Heladic_age,_202418.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt micenèu de Kazarma (vèrs 1300 avC)"><img alt="Pònt micenèu de Kazarma (vèrs 1300 avC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arkadiko_bridge%2C_mycenaean%2C_Late_Heladic_age%2C_202418.jpg/120px-Arkadiko_bridge%2C_mycenaean%2C_Late_Heladic_age%2C_202418.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arkadiko_bridge%2C_mycenaean%2C_Late_Heladic_age%2C_202418.jpg/180px-Arkadiko_bridge%2C_mycenaean%2C_Late_Heladic_age%2C_202418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Arkadiko_bridge%2C_mycenaean%2C_Late_Heladic_age%2C_202418.jpg/240px-Arkadiko_bridge%2C_mycenaean%2C_Late_Heladic_age%2C_202418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6002" data-file-height="3993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_micen%C3%A8u_de_Kazarma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt micenèu de Kazarma (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt micenèu de Kazarma</a><br /> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/-1300" class="mw-redirect" title="-1300">1300 avC</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt de Petrogefyri, un autre pònt micenèu (vèrs 1300 avC)"><img alt="Pònt de Petrogefyri, un autre pònt micenèu (vèrs 1300 avC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG/120px-Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG/180px-Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG/240px-Mycenaean_Petrogefyri_bridge_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Petrogefyri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Petrogefyri (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de Petrogefyri</a>, un autre pònt micenèu<br /> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/-1300" class="mw-redirect" title="-1300">1300 avC</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tarr Steps (milleni II ò I avC)"><img alt="Tarr Steps (milleni II ò I avC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg/80px-Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg/120px-Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg/161px-Tarr_Steps_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1080404.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarr_Steps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarr Steps (la pagina existís pas)">Tarr Steps</a><br /> (milleni II ò I avC)</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_l'Antiquitat_a_la_Renaissença"><span id="De_l.27Antiquitat_a_la_Renaissen.C3.A7a"></span>De l'Antiquitat a la Renaissença</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : De l'Antiquitat a la Renaissença" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De l'Antiquitat a la Renaissença"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo periòde <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">roman</a> marquèt una etapa decisiva dins l'istòria dei pònts. D'efiech, leis <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">arquitèctes</a> romans melhorèron fòrça lo principi de l'arcada e, dins l'encastre de la construccion de la ret rotiera de l'Empèri, l'utilizèron per bastir de pònts de pèira dins totei lei províncias. La tecnica pus comuna èra l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arc_de_plen_cintre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arc de plen cintre (la pagina existís pas)">arc de plen cintre</a> pausat sus de pielas espessas d'una largor egala a la mitat de la dubertura de la <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B2uta_(arquitectura)" title="Vòuta (arquitectura)">vòuta</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò permetiá de bastir d'obratges robusts coma lo <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt_de_Gard" title="Pònt de Gard">pònt de Gard</a>, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_Milvius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt Milvius (la pagina existís pas)">pònt Milvius</a> ò lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_roman_de_Merida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt roman de Merida (la pagina existís pas)">pònt de Merida</a>. Pasmens, a partir dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_III_apC" title="Sègle III apC">sègle III apC</a>, l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arc_segmentari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arc segmentari (la pagina existís pas)">arc segmentari</a> foguèt tanben utilizat per certanei pònts coma lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Limyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Limyra (la pagina existís pas)">pònt de Limyra</a> en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Un sistèma de <a href="/wiki/Corvada" title="Corvada">corvadas</a> permetiá de trobar la man d'òbra necessària a l'entretenença. Totei lei ciutadans devián participar a l'excepcion dei foncionaris de l'administracion e dei dignitaris de l'armada e de la Glèisa<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, en despiech de la multiplicacion dei pònts dins l'espaci roman, d'obratges tecnicament avançats foguèron egalament bastits dins d'autrei regions. Per exemple, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Zhaozhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Zhaozhu (la pagina existís pas)">pònt de Zhaozhu</a>, acabat vèrs <a href="/wiki/605" class="mw-redirect" title="605">605</a>, es una illustracion dau nivèu de mestritge agantat per leis <a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaires</a> <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinés</a>. </p><p>Durant la premiera mitat de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a>, la construccion de pònts demeniguèt fòrça dins l'espaci europèu. Aquò cambièt a partir dau <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XI" title="Sègle XI">sègle XI</a> amb lo periòde de creissença demografica e <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economica</a> de la segonda mitat dau periòde medievau. Se lei pònts romans demoravan un modèl, d'autrei formas foguèron assaiadas coma leis arcs ogivaus. Autra evolucion de l'epòca, la construccion dei pònts foguèt sovent un factor d'emancipacion per lei comunautats localas. D'efiech, la fragmentacion politica de l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> empechava sovent de trobar lei ressorsas necessàrias per construrre e entretenir un obratge complèxe. Divèrsei comunas poguèron donc renforçar son autonòmia en assegurant elei meteissei aquelei cargas. L'utilizacion dei <a href="/wiki/Corvada" title="Corvada">corvadas</a> per realizar aquelei pretzfachs foguèt alora pauc a cha pauc abandonada e de còrs d'artesans especializats se formèron. En revènge, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peatge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peatge (la pagina existís pas)">peatges</a>, a l'origina de fòrça conflictes<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, foguèron creats per amortir leis investiments. Lei zònas liuras dei pònts èran tanben arrendadas per i installar d'<a href="/wiki/Ostau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostau">ostaus</a>, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botiga (la pagina existís pas)">botigas</a>, d'installacions idraulicas (<a href="/wiki/R%C3%B2da" title="Ròda">ròda</a>...), de confrariás religiosas, etc<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Durant la <a href="/wiki/Renaissen%C3%A7a" title="Renaissença">Renaissença</a>, lei formas ancianas contunièron d'inspirar leis arquitèctes europèus. Pasmens, l'aspècte <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">artistic</a> foguèt de còps privilegiat au detriment deis aspèctes tecnics. Lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponte_Vecchio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponte Vecchio (la pagina existís pas)">Ponte Vecchio</a> de <a href="/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a" title="Florença">Florença</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_dau_Rialto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt dau Rialto (la pagina existís pas)">pònt dau Rialto</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia">Venècia</a> son d'illustracions d'aqueleis evolucions<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. A partir dau sègle XVII, s'agravèron e la qualitat generala dei pònts bastits en Euròpa entre lei sègles XVII e XVIII declinèt. En <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, l'arcada demorèt egalament la nòrma, mai leis engenhaires chinés capitèron de'n afinar l'estructura generala amb d'arcs fòrça fins (<a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Xiao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Xiao (la pagina existís pas)">pònt de Xiao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Gao-po&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Gao-po (la pagina existís pas)">pònt de Gao-po</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt Milvius (periòde roman[13])"><img alt="Pònt Milvius (periòde roman[13])" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg/120px-Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg/180px-Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg/240px-Ponte_Milvio-side_view-antmoose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_Milvius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt Milvius (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt Milvius</a><br /> (periòde roman<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt roman de Merida (sègle I apC"><img alt="Pònt roman de Merida (sègle I apC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg/120px-Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg/180px-Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg/240px-Roman_Bridge_of_M%C3%A9rida_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5293" data-file-height="2977" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_roman_de_Merida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt roman de Merida (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt roman de Merida</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_I_apC" title="Sègle I apC">sègle I apC</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt de Limyra (sègle III apC)"><img alt="Pònt de Limyra (sègle III apC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg/120px-Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg/180px-Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg/240px-Bridge_near_Limyra._Pic_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Limyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Limyra (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de Limyra</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_III_apC" title="Sègle III apC">sègle III apC</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Anji_Bridge,_Zhao_County,_2020-09-06_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt de Zaozhu (sègle VII"><img alt="Pònt de Zaozhu (sègle VII" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Anji_Bridge%2C_Zhao_County%2C_2020-09-06_05.jpg/120px-Anji_Bridge%2C_Zhao_County%2C_2020-09-06_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Anji_Bridge%2C_Zhao_County%2C_2020-09-06_05.jpg/180px-Anji_Bridge%2C_Zhao_County%2C_2020-09-06_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Anji_Bridge%2C_Zhao_County%2C_2020-09-06_05.jpg/240px-Anji_Bridge%2C_Zhao_County%2C_2020-09-06_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Zaozhu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Zaozhu (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de Zaozhu</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VII" title="Sègle VII">sègle VII</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt dau Diable de Sant Joan de Fòrcs (sègle IX)</ref>"><img alt="Pònt dau Diable de Sant Joan de Fòrcs (sègle IX)</ref>" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg/120px-Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg/180px-Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg/240px-Pont-del-Diable-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pont_del_Diable_(Sant_Joan_de_F%C3%B2rcs)" title="Pont del Diable (Sant Joan de Fòrcs)">Pònt dau Diable</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sant_Joan_de_F%C3%B2rcs" title="Sant Joan de Fòrcs">Sant Joan de Fòrcs</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">sègle IX</a>)</ref></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pont de Balandras (sègle XIV)"><img alt="Pont de Balandras (sègle XIV)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg/120px-Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg/180px-Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg/240px-Cahors_pont_valentre_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="1846" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Balandras" title="Pont de Balandras">Pont de Balandras</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIV" title="Sègle XIV">sègle XIV</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Pont_Neuf,_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt Nòu (sègle XVI)"><img alt="Pònt Nòu (sègle XVI)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pont_Neuf%2C_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg/120px-Pont_Neuf%2C_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pont_Neuf%2C_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg/180px-Pont_Neuf%2C_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pont_Neuf%2C_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg/240px-Pont_Neuf%2C_Paris_16_October_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4081" data-file-height="2631" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_N%C3%B2u_(Par%C3%ADs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt Nòu (París) (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt Nòu</a> (sègle XVI)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Rialto_Bridge_1_(7224051360).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt dau Rialto (sègle XVI)"><img alt="Pònt dau Rialto (sègle XVI)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rialto_Bridge_1_%287224051360%29.jpg/120px-Rialto_Bridge_1_%287224051360%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rialto_Bridge_1_%287224051360%29.jpg/180px-Rialto_Bridge_1_%287224051360%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Rialto_Bridge_1_%287224051360%29.jpg/240px-Rialto_Bridge_1_%287224051360%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4632" data-file-height="2972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_dau_Rialto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt dau Rialto (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt dau Rialto</a><br /> (sègle XVI)</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lei_pònts_modèrnes"><span id="Lei_p.C3.B2nts_mod.C3.A8rnes"></span>Lei pònts modèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei pònts modèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei pònts modèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'estructuracion_dei_còrs_d'engenhaires"><span id="L.27estructuracion_dei_c.C3.B2rs_d.27engenhaires"></span>L'estructuracion dei còrs d'engenhaires</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : L'estructuracion dei còrs d'engenhaires" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'estructuracion dei còrs d'engenhaires"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La construccion de pònts venguèt pauc a cha pauc un pretzfach especializat a partir dau sègle XVII. Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/1716" class="mw-redirect" title="1716">1716</a>, foguèt creat lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B2rs_dei_P%C3%B2nts_e_Levadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Còrs dei Pònts e Levadas (la pagina existís pas)">còrs dei Pònts e Levadas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> per formar d'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaires</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura" title="Arquitectura">arquitèctes</a> destinats a la bastida d'obratges rotiers. Aquò foguèt completat en <a href="/wiki/1747" class="mw-redirect" title="1747">1747</a> amb la fondacion de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esc%C3%B2la_Nacionala_dei_P%C3%B2nts_e_Cau%C3%A7adas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escòla Nacionala dei Pònts e Cauçadas (la pagina existís pas)">Escòla Reiala dei Pònts e Levadas</a>. Lo meteis movement aguèt luòc dins leis autrei país e lei diferents mestiers liats a l'estudi, a la concepcion e a la construccion d'un pònt foguèron desenant menats per d'engenhaires especializats. Una evolucion similara se debanèt pauc a cha pauc dins l'estudi dei materiaus ò dins l'ensenhament dei tecnicas de construccion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'aquisicion_dei_sabers_teorics_e_lor_difusion"><span id="L.27aquisicion_dei_sabers_teorics_e_lor_difusion"></span>L'aquisicion dei sabers teorics e lor difusion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : L'aquisicion dei sabers teorics e lor difusion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'aquisicion dei sabers teorics e lor difusion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fins au començament dau sègle XIX, la construccion d'un pònt èra mai que mai una question d'experiéncia e d'<a href="/wiki/Empirisme" title="Empirisme">empirisme</a>. D'efiech, lei <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B2uta_(arquitectura)" title="Vòuta (arquitectura)">vòutas</a> èran inspiradas per lei vòutas existentas e l'innovacion èra lenta e limitada. Ansin, de formulas basadas sus lei pònts ja bastits permetián de calcular l'espessor dei pielas, dei culadas e dei diferentei partidas de l'obratge en foncion de la portada ò de la dubertura permetián de preveire e de verificar lei plans. Aquò cambièt pauc a cha pauc amb la generalizacion dau <a href="/wiki/Met%C3%B2de_scientific" title="Metòde scientific">metòde scientific</a> e lo desvolopament dei sabers teorics. Per exemple, en <a href="/wiki/1810" class="mw-redirect" title="1810">1810</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Charles_Boistard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Charles Boistard (la pagina existís pas)">Louis-Charles Boistard</a> (<a href="/wiki/1762" class="mw-redirect" title="1762">1762</a>-<a href="/wiki/1823" class="mw-redirect" title="1823">1823</a>) modelizèt lei condicions de rompedura d'una vòuta<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>En parallèl, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sci%C3%A9ncia_dei_materiaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sciéncia dei materiaus (la pagina existís pas)">sciéncia dei materiaus</a> s'estructurèt e venguèt progressivament una branca importanta dei sciéncias aplicadas. Aquò foguèt lo resultat de la convergéncia de la <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_(fisica)" title="Mecanica (fisica)">mecanica</a> e de la <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimia</a>. En particular, se desvolopèron lei calculs de resisténcia e de deformacion. <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> (<a href="/wiki/1564" class="mw-redirect" title="1564">1564</a>-<a href="/wiki/1642" class="mw-redirect" title="1642">1642</a>), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a> (<a href="/wiki/1635" class="mw-redirect" title="1635">1635</a>-<a href="/wiki/1703" class="mw-redirect" title="1703">1703</a>), <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bernoulli" title="Jacques Bernoulli">Jacques Bernoulli</a> (<a href="/wiki/1654" class="mw-redirect" title="1654">1654</a>-<a href="/wiki/1704" class="mw-redirect" title="1704">1704</a>) ò <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Euler" title="Leonhard Euler">Leonhard Euler</a> (<a href="/wiki/1707" class="mw-redirect" title="1707">1707</a>-<a href="/wiki/1783" class="mw-redirect" title="1783">1783</a>) ne'n foguèron de precursors importants. Pasmens, lo trabalh de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph-Louis_Lagrange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph-Louis Lagrange (la pagina existís pas)">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a> (<a href="/wiki/1736" class="mw-redirect" title="1736">1736</a>-<a href="/wiki/1813" class="mw-redirect" title="1813">1813</a>), que donèt una forma quasi definitiva a la <a href="/wiki/Mecanica_classica" title="Mecanica classica">mecanica newtoniana</a>, foguèt una etapa decisiva car leis engenhaires dau sègle XIX poguèron aplicar sei concèptes a la construccion per obtenir de resultats practics. Ansin, a partir deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1830" title="Ans 1830">ans 1830</a>, se formèt un ensemble de teorias e de formulas adaptadas a la construccion. </p><p>Lo darrier aspècte major de la transformacion dei sabers foguèt sa difusion relativament rapida. La multiplicacion deis escòlas e dei cursus tecnics permetèt de formar un nombre pus important d'engenhaires capables de bastir d'infrastructuras rotieras. La creacion de revistas tecnicoscientificas aguèt tanben un ròtle dins la difusion dei sabers novèus. Unicament en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, plusors publicacions periodicas existissián coma leis <i>Annaus dei Minas</i>, leis <i>Annaus dei Pònts e Levadas</i>, leis <i>Annaus dei Vias Vesinalas</i>, leis <i>Annaus de la Construccion</i>, lo <i>Pòrtafuelha dau Conductor</i> ò l’<i>Engèni civiu</i>. D'obratges de sintèsi apareguèron tanben a la fin dau sègle coma l’<i>Enciclopèdia dei Trabalhs Publics</i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Conjugat amb lei transformacions tecnicas de la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Industriala" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucion Industriala">Revolucion Industriala</a>, aqueleis estructuras intellectualas favorizèron l'aparicion e la difusion deis idèas novèlas en matèria de pònts e levadas en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> puei dins lo rèsta dau monde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'adopcion_de_formas_e_de_materiaus_novèus"><span id="L.27adopcion_de_formas_e_de_materiaus_nov.C3.A8us"></span>L'adopcion de formas e de materiaus novèus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : L'adopcion de formas e de materiaus novèus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'adopcion de formas e de materiaus novèus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A partir de la fin dau sègle XVIII, lei transformacions engendradas per la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Industriala" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolucion Industriala">Revolucion Industriala</a> menèron a l'adopcion de formas e de materiaus novèus dins lo domeni de la construccion de pònts. Dins lo domeni dei formas, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">pònt suspendut</a> modèrne apareguèt tre lo començament dau sègle XIX. Aquelei pònts autorizavan de portadas pus importantas, mai foguèron inicialament frequentament victimas de problemas de <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosion</a> e de rompeduras dei cables. Lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Brooklyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Brooklyn (la pagina existís pas)">pònt suspendut de Brooklyn</a> marquèt una etapa decisiva car reglèt aquelei dificultats e jonhèt dos ponchs alunchats de 1 825 m. Venguèt ansin un modèl largament imitat ais <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> e dins lo rèsta dau monde. Lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_tirants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de tirants (la pagina existís pas)">pònts de tirants</a>, pus complèxes, apareguèron pus tard, dins lo corrent de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Entre_doas_gu%C3%A8rras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Entre doas guèrras (la pagina existís pas)">entre doas guèrras</a>, mai demorèron rars fins a la segonda mitat dau sègle XX. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A8r" title="Acièr">acier</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">betum</a> son lei materiaus preferenciaus dei pònts modèrnes. D'efiech, la pèira es sovent pus costosa e sei proprietats mecanicas son pauc adaptadas ai pònts novèus imaginats durant lo sègle XIX. Un autre avantatge dei materiaus novèus èra la possibilitat de'n produrre de quantitats importantas gràcias a de procès <a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industriaus</a>. Èra tanben possible d'estandizar aquela produccion. L'acier foguèt inicialament lo materiau pus estudiat e la recèrca experimentala sus lei betums demorèt limitada fins ais <a href="/wiki/Ans_1940" title="Ans 1940">ans 1940</a>. Dempuei la fin dau sègle XX, de materiaus composits, sovent de <a href="/wiki/Polim%C3%A8r" title="Polimèr">polimèrs</a> renforçats de fibras, son tanben emplegats dins la construccion de pònts. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:The_Iron_Bridge_(8542).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iron Bridge (1779)"><img alt="Iron Bridge (1779)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Iron_Bridge_%288542%29.jpg/120px-The_Iron_Bridge_%288542%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Iron_Bridge_%288542%29.jpg/180px-The_Iron_Bridge_%288542%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Iron_Bridge_%288542%29.jpg/240px-The_Iron_Bridge_%288542%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron Bridge (la pagina existís pas)">Iron Bridge</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/1779" class="mw-redirect" title="1779">1779</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt suspendut de Menai (1826)"><img alt="Pònt suspendut de Menai (1826)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg/120px-Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg/180px-Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg/240px-Menai_Suspension_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2379" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut_de_Menai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut de Menai (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt suspendut de Menai</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/1826" class="mw-redirect" title="1826">1826</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt de Brooklyn (1869-1883)"><img alt="Pònt de Brooklyn (1869-1883)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg/120px-Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg/180px-Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg/240px-Brooklyn_Bridge_-_New_York_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Brooklyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Brooklyn (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de Brooklyn</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/1869" class="mw-redirect" title="1869">1869</a>-<a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt dau Golden Gate (1937)"><img alt="Pònt dau Golden Gate (1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/120px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/180px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg/240px-GoldenGateBridge-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt_dau_Golden_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pònt dau Golden Gate">Pònt dau Golden Gate</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/1937" class="mw-redirect" title="1937">1937</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt Rio-Niterói (1968-1974)"><img alt="Pònt Rio-Niterói (1968-1974)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG/120px-Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG/180px-Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG/240px-Rio_de_Janeiro_Ponte_Niteroi_Aerea_104_Feb_2006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1065" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_Rio-Niter%C3%B3i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt Rio-Niterói (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt Rio-Niterói</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/1968" class="mw-redirect" title="1968">1968</a>-<a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pònt de Krk (1976-1980)"><img alt="Pònt de Krk (1976-1980)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg/120px-Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg/180px-Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg/240px-Krk_Bridge_Tihi_Kanal-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Krk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Krk (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de Krk</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/1976" title="1976">1976</a>-<a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viaducte de Milhau (2001-2004)"><img alt="Viaducte de Milhau (2001-2004)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg/120px-00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg/180px-00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg/240px-00_0237_Millau_-_D%C3%A9partement_Aveyron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center"><a href="/wiki/Viaducte_de_Milhau" title="Viaducte de Milhau">Viaducte de Milhau</a><br /> (<a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>-<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</div></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concepcion,_construccion_e_mantenença"><span id="Concepcion.2C_construccion_e_mantenen.C3.A7a"></span>Concepcion, construccion e mantenença</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Concepcion, construccion e mantenença" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Concepcion, construccion e mantenença"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_concepcion_d'un_pònt"><span id="La_concepcion_d.27un_p.C3.B2nt"></span>La concepcion d'un pònt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : La concepcion d'un pònt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La concepcion d'un pònt"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La concepcion d'un pònt fa generalament partida d'un projècte pus larg de concepcion d'una <a href="/wiki/Rota" title="Rota">rota</a> ò d'un <a href="/wiki/Camin_de_f%C3%A8rre" title="Camin de fèrre">camin de fèrre</a>. Uei, es constituïda de quatre fasas principalas que son la chausida d'una familha de solucions e lo predimensionament, la realizacion d'un avans-projècte, la realizacion dau projècte e, enfin, lo chantier de construccion. La localizacion de l'obratge es sovent dictada per lo projècte d'infrastructuras car la construccion de pònts ordinaris es pas una part importanta dau budget de construccion d'una rota ò d'una linha ferroviària<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, d'excepcions son possiblas segon leis obstacles de passar. </p><p>Lei caracteristicas geometricas dau pònt despendon principalament de la natura de la via portada, mai de modificacions son frequentas per o simplificar, per melhorar son foncionament mecanic ò per ofrir mai de libertat dins la chausida dau tipe de pònt. La projeccion de la travada es generalament drecha car un biais entraïna de complicacions costosas. De donadas environamentalas son tanben consideradas, en particular la <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, la <a href="/wiki/Topografia" title="Topografia">topografia</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e lo regim idraulic dei <a href="/wiki/Ribiera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribiera">corrents d'aiga</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Debit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debit (la pagina existís pas)">debit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inondacion" title="Inondacion">inondacions</a>, etc.) passats per l'obratge<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Enfin, s'estúdian lei caracteristicas foncionalas e lo dimensionament de l'obratge. Lo premier element es destinat a collectar lei paramètres permetent de definir lei dimensions. Son lo traçat de la via, leis agrandiments ulteriors, lei cargas de suportar, leis autors liuras de respectar e reservar (passatge d'una rota, d'un camin de fèrre, d'una via navegabla, etc.), la qualitat arquitecturala ò lei dependéncias de la construccion. Lo dimensionament es la partida de definicion dau plan vertadier e de calculs de verificacion (resisténcia dei materiaus, etc.). Lei fondamentas, lei sostèns, leis elements portaires e l'evolucion dei materiaus ais estats limits son leis aspèctes pus estudiats d'aquela etapa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_construccion_d'un_pònt"><span id="La_construccion_d.27un_p.C3.B2nt"></span>La construccion d'un pònt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : La construccion d'un pònt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La construccion d'un pònt"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La construccion d'un pònt es generalament realizada segon un òrdre cronologic : installacion dau chantier, realizacion dei terralhatges generaus, construccion dei fondamentas, dei culadas, dei pielas e, finalament, deis elements portaires (taulier, arc ò suspension). Lei tecnicas utilizadas despendon dei materiaus e de la configuracion generala dei luòcs. Pasmens, d'un biais generau, le recors a d'elements prefabricats es vengut fòrça important car permet de simplificar la construccion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_mantenença_e_la_fin_de_vida_d'un_pònt"><span id="La_mantenen.C3.A7a_e_la_fin_de_vida_d.27un_p.C3.B2nt"></span>La mantenença e la fin de vida d'un pònt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : La mantenença e la fin de vida d'un pònt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La mantenença e la fin de vida d'un pònt"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catastr%C3%B2fa_de_p%C3%B2nt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catastròfa de pònt (la pagina existís pas)">Catastròfa de pònt</a>.</div> <p>Tre sa mesa en servici, un pònt es somés a de constrenchas e agressions variadas que pòdon engendrar de desòrdres. La <a href="/wiki/Probabilitat" title="Probabilitat">probabilitat</a> aumenta amb l'ancianetat e lei problemas possibles varian fòrça segon la natura de l'estructura<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La maintenança d'un pònt es donc un element centrau de son utilizacion. D'un biais generau, lei pònts de pèira resistisson lòngtemps e lei defalhiments pus frequents son liats a la degradacion progressiva dei materiaus per l'accion de l'<a href="/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga">aiga</a>. La disparicion dei jaç protectors assegurant l'estanqueïtat agrava lo fenomèn. Per lei pònts de <a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">betum</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">acier</a>, leis atacas <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimicas</a> causadas per la preséncia de <a href="/wiki/Gas_carbonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas carbonic">gas carbonic</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Clorur" title="Clorur">clorurs</a> son lei problemas pus importants. Entraïnan l'oxidacion dei partidas <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metallicas</a> e la degradacion dau betum. Lei variacions tròp importantas de <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> pòdon tanben congrear de problemas grèus en causa de la dilatacion dei materiaus. Sus totei lei tipes d'obratges, la susvelhança dei fondamentas es un ponch obligatòri, especialament quand lo pònt passa au dessüs d'un corrent d'aiga important. </p><p>La durada de vida d'un pònt modèrne es de 46 a 76 ans per lei pònts metallics e de 47 a 86 ans per lei pònts de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Betum_armat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betum armat (la pagina existís pas)">betum armat</a>. Lei factors de gausidura principaus son leis <a href="/wiki/Inondacion" title="Inondacion">inondacions</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Fu%C3%B2c" title="Fuòc">fuòc</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Vent" title="Vent">vent</a>, lei cavaments au nivèu dei fondamentas, lei <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra" title="Guèrra">conflictes armats</a> e lei collisions. Una mantenença regulara e ben menada pòu permetre de perlongar la durada de vida dei partidas pus importantas durant mai de 100 ans, mai aquò a de limits. Un pònt pòu tanben venir obsolèt quand es plus en mesura de respòndre a seis exigéncias foncionalas. Aquò es sovent lo cas per lei pònts ancians que son pas capables de respòndre a l'aumentacion dau trafec rotier sus un aisse important de circulacion. Pasmens, lei pònts ancians son rarament destruchs. Dins fòrça situacions, lo pus simple es de lei desclassar e de bastir un autre pònt a proximitat. Per lei pònts metallics, un desmontatge es tanben possible en vista de tornar utilizar seis elements ò de lei <a href="/wiki/Reciclatge" title="Reciclatge">reciclar</a>. </p><p>La destruccion d'un pònt pòu tanben èsser un eveniment accidentau. Es sovent la consequéncia d'una <a href="/wiki/Catastr%C3%B2fa_naturala" title="Catastròfa naturala">catastròfa naturala</a> pus larga coma un <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rratrem" title="Tèrratrem">tèrratrem</a> ò un <a href="/wiki/Cicl%C3%B2n_tropicau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclòn tropicau">ciclòn tropicau</a>. Pòu egalament èsser lo resultat d'un problema de concepcion ò d'entretenença. Lo cas pus famós es aqueu dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_Tacoma_(1940)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de Tacoma (1940) (la pagina existís pas)">pònt de Tacoma</a>, un <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">pònt suspendut</a> destruch per lo <a href="/wiki/Vent" title="Vent">vent</a> quauquei mes après son inauguracion<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pasmens, de cas pus tragics existisson coma aqueu dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_Morandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt Morandi (la pagina existís pas)">pònt Morandi</a>, un pònt <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a> que s'afondrèt en 2018 en causa d'un <a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">betum</a> de <a href="/wiki/Qualitat" title="Qualitat">qualitat</a> marrida. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acier" class="mw-redirect" title="Acier">Acier</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betum" title="Betum">Betum</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camin_de_f%C3%A8rre" title="Camin de fèrre">Camin de fèrre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catastr%C3%B2fa_de_p%C3%B2nt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catastròfa de pònt (la pagina existís pas)">Catastròfa de pònt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ira" class="mw-redirect" title="Pèira">Pèira</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arc (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt d'arc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_d%27arcada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt d'arcada (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt d'arcada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_bigas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de bigas (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de bigas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_de_tirants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt de tirants (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt de tirants</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2nt_fortificat" title="Pònt fortificat">Pònt fortificat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt_suspendut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pònt suspendut (la pagina existís pas)">Pònt suspendut</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rota" title="Rota">Rota</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <i>Les Ponts en maçonnerie</i>, Bagneux, ministère des Transports, Direction des routes, 1982, 333 p.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Eugène Degrand e Jean Resal, <i>Ponts en maçonnerie - tome 2 - Construction</i>, París, Baudry et Cie, 1887, 662 p.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Anne Bernard-Gély e Jean-Armand Calgaro, <i>Conception des ponts</i>, París, Presses des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994, 360 p.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Marcel Prade, <i>Les Ponts, Monuments historiques</i>, Peitieus, Brissaud, 1986.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%B2nt&action=edit&section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Per aquela rason, lo tèrme « pònt de pèira » designa generalament un pònt d'arcada ancian fach de pèira.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Anne Bernard-Gély e Jean-Armand Calgaro, <i>Conception des ponts</i>, París, Presses des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <i>Instruction technique du 19 octobre 1979 pour la surveillance et l’entretien des ouvrages d’art – fascicule 34 – Ponts suspendus et ponts à haubans</i>, Bagneux, SETRA, 1979, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Anne Bernard-Gély e Jean-Armand Calgaro, <i>Conception des ponts</i>, París, Presses des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Divèrsei teorias datan aqueu pònt de la segonda mitat dau milleni II avC ò de la premiera mitat dau milleni I avC.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fau nòtar que d'autrei pònts, que semblan de faire partida de la meteissa rota, se tròban a proximitat dau pònt de Kazarma.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> R. H. Simpson e D. K. Hagel, <i>Mycenaean Fortifications, Highways, Dams and Canals. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology</i>, vol. CXXXIII.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <i>Les Ponts en maçonnerie</i>, Bagneux, ministère des Transports, Direction des routes, 1982, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> N.P. Brooks, « European medieval bridges : A window onto changing concepts of state power », <i>Journal of the Haskins Society</i>, n° 7, 1995, pp. 11-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean Mesqui, <i>Le pont en France avant le temps des ingénieurs</i>, Picard, 1986, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean Mesqui, <i>Le pont en France avant le temps des ingénieurs</i>, Picard, 1986, pp. 78-104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Angia Sassi Perino e Giorgio Faraggiana, <i>Les ponts</i>, París, Gründ, 2004, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo pònt iniciau foguèt acabat en <a href="/wiki/-206" class="mw-redirect" title="-206">206 avC</a>, mai plusors restauracions e modernizacions o modifiquèron durant la <a href="/wiki/Republica_Romana" title="Republica Romana">Republica</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Empèri</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Louis-Charles Boistard, <i>Recueil d'expériences et d'observations faites sur différens travaux executés pour la construction du pont de Nemours: pour celle de l'arsenal et du port militaire d'Anvers, et pour la reconstruction du port de Flessingue; dans lequel on a traité la théorie de l'équilibre des voutes</i>, J.-S. Merlin, 1822.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Marcel Prade, <i>Les Ponts, Monuments historiques</i>, Peitieus, Brissaud, 1986, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lo terralhatge es una part pus importanta.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Anne Bernard-Gély e Jean-Armand Calgaro, <i>Conception des ponts</i>, París, Presses des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Anne Bernard-Gély e Jean-Armand Calgaro, <i>Conception des ponts</i>, París, Presses des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> <i>Guide technique, Cours d'eau et ponts</i>, Bagneux, SETRA, 2007, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Thierry Kretz e Christian Tridon, « Comment entretenir un patrimoine Génie civil vieillissant », <i>Travaux</i>, n° 860, abriu de 2009, pp. 9-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> David B. Steinman, <i>Suspension bridges: the aerodynamic problem and its solution</i>, IABSE/AIPC/IVBH publications, 1954, pp. 209-251.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <table class="bandeau-categorie" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="clear:both; margin:0; border:none; background-color:transparent; padding:0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td width="100%"> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arquitectura_e_Urbanisme" title="Portal arquitectura e urbanisme"><img alt="Portal arquitectura e urbanisme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PantheonOculus.01.jpg/32px-PantheonOculus.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PantheonOculus.01.jpg/48px-PantheonOculus.01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PantheonOculus.01.jpg/64px-PantheonOculus.01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arquitectura_e_Urbanisme" title="Portal:Arquitectura e Urbanisme">Portal arquitectura e urbanisme</a></span> </span></li></ul></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pònt&oldid=2459303">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pònt&oldid=2459303</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Portal:Arquitectura_e_Urbanisme/Articles_ligats" title="Categoria:Portal:Arquitectura e Urbanisme/Articles ligats">Portal:Arquitectura e Urbanisme/Articles ligats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pont" title="Categoria:Pont">Pont</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias amagadas : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Bon_article_en_alemand" title="Categoria:Bon article en alemand">Bon article en alemand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_de_qualitat_dins_una_autra_lenga" title="Categoria:Article de qualitat dins una autra lenga">Article de qualitat dins una autra lenga</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Bon_article_en_esperanto" title="Categoria:Bon article en esperanto">Bon article en esperanto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Refer%C3%A9ncia_qu%27utiliza_lo_mod%C3%A8l_Metaligam_cap_a_portal" title="Categoria:Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal">Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Marrida_utilizacion_del_mod%C3%A8l_Multibend%C3%A8l" title="Categoria:Marrida utilizacion del modèl Multibendèl">Marrida utilizacion del modèl Multibendèl</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 1 genièr de 2025 a 10.48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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