CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Assisted suicide in the United States - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ba8f6fc1-58ff-4e44-ba43-c66807c1c3e4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States","wgTitle":"Assisted suicide in the United States","wgCurRevisionId":1259207750,"wgRevisionId":1259207750,"wgArticleId":23328924,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from July 2022","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2020","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023","Assisted suicide in the United States", "Palliative care in the United States"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States","wgRelevantArticleId":23328924,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader": true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4809082","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg/1200px-Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="742"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg/800px-Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="495"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg/640px-Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="396"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Assisted suicide in the United States - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States rootpage-Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Assisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Assisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Assisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Assisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington_v._Glucksberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington_v._Glucksberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span><i>Washington v. Glucksberg</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington_v._Glucksberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jack_Kevorkian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jack_Kevorkian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Jack Kevorkian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jack_Kevorkian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legalization_by_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legalization_by_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Legalization by states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legalization_by_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brittany_Maynard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brittany_Maynard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Brittany Maynard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brittany_Maynard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisdictions_where_assisted_suicide_is_authorized" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisdictions_where_assisted_suicide_is_authorized"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Jurisdictions where assisted suicide is authorized</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Jurisdictions_where_assisted_suicide_is_authorized-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Jurisdictions where assisted suicide is authorized subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Jurisdictions_where_assisted_suicide_is_authorized-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colorado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colorado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Colorado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colorado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-District_of_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#District_of_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>District of Columbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-District_of_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Maine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Montana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>New Jersey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>New Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oregon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oregon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Oregon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oregon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lee_v._State_of_Oregon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lee_v._State_of_Oregon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1.1</span> <span><i>Lee v. State of Oregon</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lee_v._State_of_Oregon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Measure_51,_Oregon_repeal_of_Death_with_Dignity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Measure_51,_Oregon_repeal_of_Death_with_Dignity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1.2</span> <span><i>Measure 51, Oregon repeal of Death with Dignity</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Measure_51,_Oregon_repeal_of_Death_with_Dignity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oregon_v._Ashcroft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oregon_v._Ashcroft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1.3</span> <span><i>Oregon v. Ashcroft</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oregon_v._Ashcroft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vermont" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vermont"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Vermont</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vermont-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Washington</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_jurisdictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_jurisdictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Other jurisdictions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_jurisdictions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other jurisdictions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_jurisdictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alaska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Alaska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arizona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arizona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Arizona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arizona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connecticut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connecticut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Connecticut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connecticut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Florida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Florida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maryland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maryland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Maryland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maryland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Massachusetts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Massachusetts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Massachusetts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Massachusetts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>New York</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nevada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nevada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Nevada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nevada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tennessee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tennessee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Tennessee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tennessee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_power_to_allow_and_regulate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_power_to_allow_and_regulate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>State power to allow and regulate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_power_to_allow_and_regulate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_practice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_practice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In practice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_practice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Debate_over_whether_assisted_suicide/MAiD_is_suicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_over_whether_assisted_suicide/MAiD_is_suicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Debate over whether assisted suicide/MAiD is suicide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_over_whether_assisted_suicide/MAiD_is_suicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assisted_suicide_versus_euthanasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assisted_suicide_versus_euthanasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Assisted suicide versus euthanasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assisted_suicide_versus_euthanasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Public opinion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public opinion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Gallup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_surveys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Other surveys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Advocates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Advocates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Advocates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Advocates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Religious leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_personalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_personalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Public personalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_personalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opponents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opponents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Opponents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opponents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Opponents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Opponents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_personalities_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_personalities_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Public personalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_personalities_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Politicians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawyers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawyers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Lawyers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawyers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doctors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doctors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Doctors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doctors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Activists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actors_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actors_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actors_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>Academics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supportive_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supportive_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Supportive organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supportive_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutral_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutral_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Neutral organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutral_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposing_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposing_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Opposing organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposing_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Assisted suicide in the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الانتحار بمساعدة الغير في الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتحار بمساعدة الغير في الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidio_asistido_en_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Suicidio asistido en los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suicidio asistido en los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suic%C3%ADdio_assistido_nos_Estados_Unidos" title="Suicídio assistido nos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Suicídio assistido nos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4809082#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&oldid=1259207750" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&id=1259207750&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssisted_suicide_in_the_United_States"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssisted_suicide_in_the_United_States"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4809082" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medically-induced suicide with help from another person</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg/400px-Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg/600px-Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg/800px-Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption> <b>State laws regarding assisted suicide in the United States</b> <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#025; color:white;"> </span> Legal</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#06f; color:white;"> </span> Legal under court ruling<sup>1</sup></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#900; color:white;"> </span> Illegal</div> <hr /> <sup>1</sup> In its 2009 decision <i><a href="/wiki/Baxter_v._Montana" title="Baxter v. Montana">Baxter v. Montana</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Montana_Supreme_Court" title="Montana Supreme Court">Montana Supreme Court</a> ruled that assisted suicide did not violate Montana legal precedent or state statutes, even though no Montana laws specifically allowed it.<br /> <div style="float:right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Map_of_legality_surrounding_assisted_suicide_in_the_US" title="Template:Map of legality surrounding assisted suicide in the US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Map_of_legality_surrounding_assisted_suicide_in_the_US" title="Template talk:Map of legality surrounding assisted suicide in the US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Map_of_legality_surrounding_assisted_suicide_in_the_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Map of legality surrounding assisted suicide in the US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the term "<a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide" title="Assisted suicide">assisted suicide</a>" is typically used to describe what proponents refer to as medical aid in dying, in which a <a href="/wiki/Terminal_illness" title="Terminal illness">terminally ill</a> adult is prescribed and self-administers <a href="/wiki/Barbiturates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbiturates">barbiturates</a> if they feel that they are suffering significantly. The term is often used interchangeably with physician-assisted suicide (PAS), "physician-assisted dying", "physician-assisted death", "assisted death" and "medical aid in dying" (MAiD). </p><p>Assisted suicide is similar to but distinct from <a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">euthanasia</a> (sometimes called "mercy killing"). In cases of euthanasia, another party acts to bring about the person's death in order to end ongoing suffering. In cases of assisted suicide, a second person provides the means through which the individual is able to voluntarily end their own life, but they do not directly cause the individual's death. </p><p>As of 2024, Physician-assisted suicide, or "medical aid in dying", is legal in eleven US jurisdictions: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These laws (excluding Montana where there is no explicit legislation) state that "actions taken in accordance with [the Act] shall not, for any purpose, constitute suicide, assisted suicide, mercy killing or homicide, under the law". This distinguishes the legal act of "medical aid in dying" from the act of helping someone die by suicide, which is prohibited by statute in 42 states and prohibited by <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> in an additional six states and the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2018 poll by <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> displayed that a majority of Americans, with 72 percent in favor, support laws allowing patients to seek the assistance of a physician in ending their life.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, assisted suicide remains illegal in a majority of states across the nation. </p><p>In 2022, the state of Oregon ruled it unconstitutional to refuse assisted suicide to people from other states who are willing to travel to Oregon to die that way, effectively giving out of state residents the opportunity to die by physician-assisted suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before someone travels to Oregon to die by physician assisted suicide, those helping the patient travel to Oregon might be prosecuted for assisting a suicide. After the barbiturates are acquired, if the patient returns to their home state, those assisting with mixing the fatal dose of barbiturates may be prosecuted for assisting a suicide. Vermont removed its residency requirement for people to take advantage of its medically assisted suicide law in 2023 to settle a lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The punishment for participating in physician-assisted death varies throughout the other states. The state of <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> does not "recognize common law crimes and does not have a statute specifically prohibiting physician-assisted suicide". In <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, "every person deliberately assisting another in the commission of self-murder shall be guilty of <a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">manslaughter</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a> of the second degree".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_movements">Early movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first significant drive to legalize assisted suicide in the United States arose in the early twentieth century. In a 2004 article in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_History_of_Medicine" title="Bulletin of the History of Medicine">Bulletin of the History of Medicine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Jacob_M._Appel" title="Jacob M. Appel">Jacob M. Appel</a> documented extensive political debate over legislation to legalize physician-assisted death in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> in 1906. </p><p>In Ohio, the legislation was inspired by the campaign of heiress <a href="/wiki/Anna_Sophina_Hall" title="Anna Sophina Hall">Anna Sophina Hall</a>, whose mother had died a long, drawn-out, painful death from <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">liver cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Appel2004_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appel2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Hall's efforts, the bill was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_General_Assembly" title="Ohio General Assembly">Ohio legislature</a> by a vote of 79 to 23.<sup id="cite_ref-Appel2004_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appel2004-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington_v._Glucksberg"><i>Washington v. Glucksberg</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Washington v. Glucksberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Washington_v._Glucksberg" title="Washington v. Glucksberg"><i>Washington v. Glucksberg</i></a></div> <p>Dr. Harold Glucksberg, in 1994, along with four other physicians, three terminally ill patients, and Compassion and Dying, brought a case against the state of Washington for banning assisted suicide. The case was filed in District Court in 1994. </p><p>Following a series of appeals, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decided in 1997 in a unanimous decision to uphold Washington's ban. They cited the <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process Clause</a> and argued that assisted suicide is not guaranteed as a fundamental liberty protected by due process. The case allowed individual states to decide independently on the medical aid-in-dying issue. It set the stage for legislative efforts on the state level to either permit or ban physician-assisted suicide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jack_Kevorkian">Jack Kevorkian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Jack Kevorkian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian" title="Jack Kevorkian">Jack Kevorkian</a></div> <p>Assisted suicide in the United States was brought to public attention in the 1990s with the highly publicized case of Dr. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian" title="Jack Kevorkian">Jack Kevorkian</a>. Kevorkian assisted over 40 people in dying by suicide in Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first public assisted suicide was in 1990, of Janet Adkins, a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease in 1989. He was charged with murder, but charges were dropped on December 13, 1990, because there were no Michigan laws outlawing suicide or the medical assistance of it so he was not in violation of a law.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Kevorkian videotaped himself giving a man a lethal injection, with the patient's consent, and aired the tape on <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i>. This was significantly different from previous cases, where it was always the patients themselves who reportedly completed the suicide process. He was found guilty of second-degree murder and served eight years of a 10–25 year sentence. He was released in 2007, and died on June 3, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legalization_by_states">Legalization by states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legalization by states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Physician-assisted dying was first legalized by the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Death_with_Dignity_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Death with Dignity Act">Oregon Death with Dignity Act</a>, with effect delayed by lawsuits until 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Montana Supreme Court ruled in <i><a href="/wiki/Baxter_v._Montana" title="Baxter v. Montana">Baxter v. Montana</a></i> (2009) that it found no state law or public policy reason that would prohibit physician-assisted dying.<sup id="cite_ref-2009_MT_449_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009_MT_449-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was legalized by <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermont in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Colorado<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2016, Hawaii in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Jersey in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maine in 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and New Mexico in 2021<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had also been briefly legal in New Mexico in 2014 and 2015 due to a court decision that was overturned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brittany_Maynard">Brittany Maynard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brittany Maynard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Maynard" title="Brittany Maynard">Brittany Maynard</a></div> <p>In 2014, the death of <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Maynard" title="Brittany Maynard">Brittany Maynard</a>, an advocate for the legalization of aid in dying, from <a href="/wiki/Brain_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain cancer">brain cancer</a> led to renewed debate in the United States over assisted suicide, and was cited as being responsible for bills in several states on the topic. Her home state of California, which she left to reside in Oregon to access its Death With Dignity Act, became the fifth state to authorize aid in dying, in 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisdictions_where_assisted_suicide_is_authorized">Jurisdictions where assisted suicide is authorized</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jurisdictions where assisted suicide is authorized"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California">California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/California_End_of_Life_Option_Act" title="California End of Life Option Act">California End of Life Option Act</a></div> <p>In 1992, the group Californians Against Human Suffering proposed Proposition 161 to allow patients with less than six months to live the right to receive assistance from physicians in dying. This proposition offered more safeguards against abuse by physicians than Washington's Initiative 119, such as special protections for patients in <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a> facilities. This measure failed to pass with 46 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Death_by_Prescription_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Death_by_Prescription-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1990 and 1995, physicians became increasingly more receptive to the concept of assisted suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequent efforts were tried to pass assisted death legalization through the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">California State Legislature</a> in 1999, 2005, and 2006, all of which failed. The California legislature passed the <a href="/wiki/California_End_of_Life_Option_Act" title="California End of Life Option Act">California End of Life Option Act</a>, a bill legalizing the practice in September 2015, and the bill was signed into law by <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a> on October 5, 2015, making California the fifth state to authorize medical aid in dying and the second to do so through the legislature. The Act began implementation on June 9, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law went into effect in June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill allows medication to be prescribed by a licensed physician to a patient who is over the age of 18, living with a chronic and life altering condition that is irreversible, and must be of sound mind to make these decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2018, Judge Daniel A. Ottolia of the Superior Court of Riverside County ruled that the method of enacting the law was unconstitutional,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the law was reinstated by a state appeals court the following month.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2016 law as passed was only valid for a period of 10 years and was set to need renewal by 2026. On 5 October 2021, California Governor <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> signed on to extend the use of the bill until 1 January 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revised bill also shorted the waiting period of approval from 15 days to 48 hours and required health care providers to publish information regarding end of life care on their website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colorado">Colorado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Colorado"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Representatives <a href="/wiki/Lois_Court" title="Lois Court">Lois Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joann_Ginal" title="Joann Ginal">Joann Ginal</a> introduced assisted suicide legislation in 2015 in the Colorado House. The bill was voted down in committee 8–5. </p><p>In April 2016, Julie Selsberg and Jaren Ducker filed an initiative with the secretary of state seeking to authorize medical aid in dying in November 2016 through the ballot process. </p><p>On November 8, 2016, Colorado voters passed Proposition 106, the Colorado End of Life Options Act, making assisted death legal among patients with a terminal illness.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With 65% voting in favor, Colorado became the third state to legalize medical aid-in-dying by a vote of the people, raising the total to six states. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_of_Columbia">District of Columbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: District of Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2015, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">D.C. Council</a> member <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cheh" title="Mary Cheh">Mary M. Cheh</a> introduced the Death with Dignity Act of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 5, 2016, the D.C. Committee on Health and Human Services voted 3–2 for the Death with Dignity Act. On November 1, 2016, the D.C. Council voted 11–2 to advance the Death with Dignity Act. It then went through another vote in the council and the Mayor's office.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Bowser" title="Muriel Bowser">Mayor Bowser</a> signed the bill on December 23, 2016. After the-30 day U.S. Congress review mandated by the federal Home Rule Act, and following the inability of Congressional Republicans to block the bill, the law went into effect on February 18, 2017, with D.C. becoming the seventh jurisdiction in the U.S. to legalize this.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2019, Hawaii has legally allowed assisted dying, based on the Oregon and Washington state models. Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Ige" title="David Ige">David Ige</a> signed a medical aid-in-dying law on April 5, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law has safeguards to protect against abuse, including two health care providers being required to confirm a patient's diagnosis, prognosis, his or her ability to make decisions, and that the patient's request is voluntary; as well as a counselor being required to determine that the patient does not have conditions that may interfere with decision-making, such as untreated <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>. The law requires that the patient must make two oral requests for the life-ending medication, with a 20-day waiting period in between, and sign a written request witnessed by two people, one of whom cannot be a relative. Criminal penalties apply to anyone attempting to coerce people into obtaining life-ending medication or tampering with said patient's request.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maine">Maine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Maine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maine Death with Dignity Act was introduced in the state legislature in 2019 by Representative <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hymanson" title="Patricia Hymanson">Patricia Hymanson</a> (D-York). The bill passed in the House by 73 to 72 and in the Senate by 19 to 16. On June 12, 2019, Governor <a href="/wiki/Janet_Mills" title="Janet Mills">Janet Mills</a> signed the Maine Death with Dignity Act into law making <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> the ninth jurisdiction to legalize assisted suicide in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montana">Montana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Montana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aid in dying is legal in Montana through a state supreme court decision. In <i><a href="/wiki/Baxter_v._Montana" title="Baxter v. Montana">Baxter v. Montana</a></i> (2009) the <a href="/wiki/Montana_Supreme_Court" title="Montana Supreme Court">Montana Supreme Court</a> ruled in a 5–2 decision that state law allows for terminally ill Montanans to request lethal medication from a physician under existing statutes, in 2009. The Attorney General of the state of Montana sought an appeal from the Montana Supreme Court, but the court, by a decision of five to two, affirmed the lower court's ruling on the state law. The Court did, however, limit the scope of the decision by not determining if the state's constitution protected the right.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Jersey">New Jersey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: New Jersey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="New Jersey Assembly">New Jersey Assembly</a> committee voted in favor of assisted suicide legislation, and the full state Assembly voted on Assemblyman John Burzichelli's bill, known as A 2270, the New Jersey Death with Dignity Act,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on November 13, 2014, although the bill failed to receive a vote in the Senate. The bill would have required patients with a terminal disease to first verbally request a prescription from their attending physician, followed by a second verbal request at least 15 days later and one request in writing signed by two witnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the attending physician would have to offer the patient a chance to rescind their request. Governor <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, at the time the bill was going through a legislative review and voting, vowed to veto any bills related to allowing assisted suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>State Senator Nicolas Scutar introduced the Aid in Dying for the Terminally Ill Act in January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill was passed on the State Assembly on March 25, 2019, and it was signed by Governor <a href="/wiki/Phil_Murphy" title="Phil Murphy">Phil Murphy</a> on April 12, 2019, making New Jersey the 7th state to legalize assisted suicide. The law went into effect on August 1, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Mexico">New Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: New Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2014, it seemed as though New Mexico had inched closer to being the fifth state in the United States to legalize physician-assisted suicide via a court ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "This court cannot envision a right more fundamental, more private or more integral to the liberty, safety and happiness of a New Mexican than the right of a competent, terminally ill patient to choose aid in dying," wrote Judge Nan G. Nash of the Second District Court in Albuquerque. This decision was overturned on 11 August 2015 by the New Mexico Court of Appeals, in a 2–1 ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-NM_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Court gave the verdict: "We conclude that aid in dying is not a fundamental liberty interest under the New Mexico Constitution".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 8, 2021, Governor <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham" title="Michelle Lujan Grisham">Michelle Lujan Grisham</a> signed the Elizabeth Whitefield End-of-Life Options Act into law after the bill passed the New Mexico Legislature, legalizing assisted suicide in the state. The law allows for terminally ill patients with six months or less to live to request lethal medication. Two medical experts are required to agree on the patient's diagnosis and the patient must pass a mental competency screening in order to receive lethal medication. There is a 48-hour waiting period, after which the patient must take the medication themselves. The law took effect on June 18, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oregon">Oregon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Oregon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Ballot_Measure_16_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Ballot Measure 16 (1994)">Oregon Ballot Measure 16 (1994)</a></div> <p>Oregon voters first approved the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Ballot_Measure_16_(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Ballot Measure 16 (1994)">Death with Dignity Act</a> (DWDA) by general election in November 1994 by a margin of 51% to 49%. Ballot Measure 16, a citizen initiative sponsored by Oregon Right to Die Political Action Committee,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> asked if terminally ill patients with less than six months to live should be able to receive a <a href="/wiki/Medical_prescription" title="Medical prescription">prescription</a> for lethal drugs and included many provisions to protect against misuse, such as two oral requests and a written request from the patient. The patient must also be referred to <a href="/wiki/Counseling" class="mw-redirect" title="Counseling">counseling</a> if a mental illness is suspected. </p><p>The law went into effect in October 1997 after an injunction delayed implementation. In November 1997, Measure 51 was placed on the general election ballot to repeal the Act. Voters chose to retain the Act by a margin of 60% to 40%.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data from the Oregon Health Authority, which publishes annual reports on the state's first-in-the-nation assisted death law, show that approximately two-thirds of patients who receive prescriptions for lethal drugs take them.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (January 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Oregon requires a physician to prescribe drugs and they must be self-administered. In order to be eligible, the patient must be diagnosed by an attending physician as well as by a consulting physician, with a terminal illness that will cause the death of the individual within six months. The law states that, in order to participate, a patient must be: 1) 18 years of age or older, 2) a resident of Oregon, 3) capable of making and communicating health care decisions for him/herself, and 4) diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death within six months. It is up to the attending physician to determine whether these criteria have been met.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_DWDA_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ_DWDA-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is required the patient orally request the medication at least twice and contribute at least one (1) written request. The physician must notify the patient of alternatives; such as palliative care, hospice and pain management. Lastly the physician is to request but not require the patient to notify their next of kin that they are requesting a prescription for a lethal dose of medication. Assuming all guidelines are met and the patient is deemed competent and completely sure they wish to end their life, the physician will prescribe the drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-euthanasia.procon.org_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euthanasia.procon.org-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, a total of 1,173 people had DWDA prescriptions written and 752 patients had died from ingesting drugs prescribed under the DWDA.<sup id="cite_ref-DWDA2013_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWDA2013-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, there were approximately 22 assisted deaths per 10,000 total deaths in Oregon.<sup id="cite_ref-DWDA2013_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWDA2013-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Challenges">Challenges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lee_v._State_of_Oregon"><i>Lee v. State of Oregon</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Lee v. State of Oregon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1994, doctors and patients argued that the DWDA violated the U.S. Constitution's first and fourteenth amendments in <i>Lee v. Oregon</i>. U.S. District Court Judge Michael Hogan placed a temporary injunction, that he later made permanent, on the Act. </p><p>In February 1997, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled to dismiss the challenge to the Death with Dignity Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Measure_51,_Oregon_repeal_of_Death_with_Dignity"><span id="Measure_51.2C_Oregon_repeal_of_Death_with_Dignity"></span><i>Measure 51, Oregon repeal of Death with Dignity</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Measure 51, Oregon repeal of Death with Dignity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, Measure 51 was placed on the November ballot. It failed, and 60% of Oregon voters, more than the original 1994 vote, expressed their support for the Death with Dignity Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Oregon_v._Ashcroft"><i>Oregon v. Ashcroft</i></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Oregon v. Ashcroft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/U.S._attorney_general" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. attorney general">U.S. Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">John Ashcroft</a> issued a directive in 2001 to prevent the Oregon Death With Dignity Act from being implemented. The state of Oregon successfully sued and proceeded with implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vermont">Vermont</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Vermont"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Act_39" title="Act 39">Act 39</a></div> <p>In May 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Legislature">Vermont Legislature</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Choice_and_Control_at_End_of_Life_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Choice and Control at End of Life Act">Patient Choice and Control at End of Life Act</a>. Governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Shumlin" title="Peter Shumlin">Peter Shumlin</a> signed it into law. The law is based on, but is less restrictive than, the Oregon model.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vermont was the first state to pass an assisted death law through the legislative process. In January 2013 the act was introduced to the Senate, and in May 2013 it was passed by both the house and senate. </p><p>Vermont residents 18 years old or older who are mentally capable adults with a terminal illness and a prognosis of six months or less to live can make an oral request and obtain a lethal dose of medication from a physician to hasten their death. The bill requires a second opinion, written and oral requests, and other provisions.<sup id="cite_ref-bfp130714_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bfp130714-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2022, a Connecticut resident with end-stage cancer sued Vermont to invalide the law's residency requirement for medical aid-in-dying, arguing that it was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vermont settled the case by removing the non-resident requirement, becoming the first state to allow doctors to prescribe lethal medication to non-residents.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington">Washington</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Washington"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Washington, physician-assisted suicide did not become legal until 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, a ballot question asked if terminally ill adults should be allowed to receive physician aid-in-dying. The initiative failed, receiving 46 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Death_by_Prescription_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Death_by_Prescription-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, four Washington physicians and three terminally ill patients brought forth a lawsuit that would challenge the ban on medical aid in dying that was in place at the time. This lawsuit was first part of a district court hearing, where it ruled in favor of Glucksberg,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was the group of physicians and terminally ill patients. The lawsuit was then affirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Circuit">Ninth Circuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, it was taken to the Supreme Court, and there the Supreme Court decided to grant Washington <a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a>. Eventually, the Supreme Court decided, with a unanimous vote, that medical aid in dying was not a protected right under the constitution as of the time of this case.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington voters approved the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Death_with_Dignity_Act" title="Washington Death with Dignity Act">Death with Dignity Act</a> by general election in November 2008 by a margin of 58% to 42%. The ballot summary read: "This measure would permit terminally ill, competent, adult Washington residents medically predicted to die within six months to request and self-administer lethal medication prescribed by a physician. The measure requires two oral and one written request, two physicians to diagnose the patient and determine the patient is competent, a waiting period, and physician verification of an informed patient decision. Physicians, patients, and others acting in good faith compliance would have criminal and civil immunity."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Washington's rules and restrictions are similar, if not exactly the same, as Oregon's. Not only does the patient have to meet the above criteria, they also have to be examined by not one, but two doctors licensed in their state of residence. Both doctors must come to the same conclusion about the patient's prognosis. If one doctor does not see the patient fit for the prescription, then the patient must undergo psychological inspection to tell whether or not the patient is in fact capable and mentally fit to make the decision of assisted death or not.<sup id="cite_ref-euthanasia.procon.org_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euthanasia.procon.org-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_jurisdictions">Other jurisdictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other jurisdictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska">Alaska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Alaska"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, two terminally ill patients, Kevin Sampson and Jane Doe, sued for an order to exempt their physicians from being charged with manslaughter for assisting them in dying. The superior court ruled against them, and they appealed to the Alaska Supreme Court. This court upheld the previous ruling with the reasoning that the Alaska Constitution's right to privacy and liberty does not allow terminally ill patients to be assisted by physicians in dying.<sup id="cite_ref-marker_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marker-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, Representative <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Drummond" title="Harriet Drummond">Harriet Drummond</a> (D-Anchorage) has twice introduced legislation to legalize physician assisted suicide: first in 2015 and again in 2017. In each case, the act was heard in the House Health & Social Services Committee, then was rolled over to the session for the subsequent year. In 2018, the House Health & Social Services Committee passed the bill 3 to 2, with 2 abstentions, sending it to the Judiciary Committee, where it stalled again.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arizona">Arizona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Arizona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arizona's state legislature has heard bills to legalize physician assisted suicide and patient-controlled pain medication dosing numerous times since 2003. Each year from 2017 to 2020, companion bills for assisted suicide were simultaneously introduced in the House and Senate, but failed to advance.<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_Arizona_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD_Arizona-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the legislature passed a related law, SB 1439, Prohibition on Discrimination Against Health Care Entities, which prohibits discrimination against medical care providers who opt out of providing assistance in dying, should such care ever be legalized. It was subsequently signed by the Governor on March 24, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-DWD_Arizona_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWD_Arizona-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Arizona, the city of <a href="/wiki/Bisbee,_Arizona" title="Bisbee, Arizona">Bisbee</a> became the first municipality in the state to approve an aid in dying resolution, although the vote is not legally binding. </p><p>The resolution states that the city of Bisbee: </p> <ul><li>Respects the diversity of perspectives of its citizens,</li> <li>Supports equal protection within the diversity of perspectives on end-of-life decisions,</li> <li>Recognizes the practice of Aid in Dying as a legitimate individual liberty,</li> <li>And, while not a legally enforceable document, urges prosecutorial discretion by the Cochise County Attorney in de-prioritizing cases involving prosecution of a person who has supported, been present, or facilitated a loved one to advance the time of his or her imminent death when facing intolerable suffering.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connecticut">Connecticut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Connecticut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Legislation to legalize assisted suicide was first introduced in Connecticut in 1995, when Oregon considered its own policy. Similar bills have had a public hearing in seven of the last eight years (2013-2020, excepting 2016), but they consistently died in committee without coming to a vote.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HB-06425, An Act Concerning Aid In Dying For Terminally Ill Patients, was evaluated by the Connecticut Public Health Committee March 5, 2021 with a 24–9 vote to send to the assembly floor, however was then referred to the Judiciary Committee and subsequently tabled.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida">Florida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Krischer v. McIver</i> was a case brought to the Florida Supreme Court in 1997 by the Florida chapter of the Hemlock Society in an attempt to overturn the state's anti-assisted suicide law. The question was if AIDS patient Charles Hall had this right, and the case was appealed to the Florida Supreme Court. This court upheld the constitutionality of Florida's law against assisted suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-marker_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marker-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, State Senator Kevin Rader (D-29) introduced the first ever Florida bill to legalize physician assisted suicide, SB 1800, the Florida Death with Dignity Act. The bill was indefinitely postponed and withdrawn from consideration on March 14, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maryland">Maryland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Maryland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maryland legislature has considered and rejected bills on physician-assisted death many times, beginning in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2015 to 2017, an End of Life Option Act was introduced each year, but each year withdrawn without a vote. In 2019, the reintroduced act was brought to a vote. It passed the House 74–66, but failed in the Senate with a tie 23–23. In 2020, the act was once again introduced but subsequently set aside due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Governor <a href="/wiki/Larry_Hogan" title="Larry Hogan">Larry Hogan</a>, whose term in office ended in 2023, has suggested in the past that he would oppose the legislation,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but indicated in 2020 that his personal battle with cancer had changed his perspective and that he was now "open to both sides of the issue".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Massachusetts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Physician-assisted_suicide_(Question_2)_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Physician-assisted_suicide_%28Question_2%29_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg/300px-Physician-assisted_suicide_%28Question_2%29_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Physician-assisted_suicide_%28Question_2%29_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg/450px-Physician-assisted_suicide_%28Question_2%29_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Physician-assisted_suicide_%28Question_2%29_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg/600px-Physician-assisted_suicide_%28Question_2%29_Massachusetts_2012_ballot_measure_voting_results_by_municipality.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Voting results for the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Death_with_Dignity_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Death with Dignity Initiative">Massachusetts Death with Dignity Initiative</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Death_with_Dignity_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Death with Dignity Initiative">Massachusetts Death with Dignity Initiative</a>, a ballot measure to legalize aid in dying, was narrowly defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_general_election,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts general election, 2012">2012 general election</a>, with 51% of voters against the proposal. </p><p>A poll taken by the <i>Boston Globe</i> and the University of New Hampshire between September 21 and 27, 2012, found Massachusetts residents supporting Question 2 68%, with 20% opposed. Another public poll by the University of Massachusetts and YouGov American found similar results as late as October 8 with 65% in support and 19% opposed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Legislation to legalize physician assisted suicide was introduced numerous times in the Massachusetts House both before and after the ballot initiative, in 1995, 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2015. None of these bills moved out of committee.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, companion bills in the House and Senate were introduced on the issue, with 44 and 11 cosponsors on the respective bills, but died in committee after a joint public hearing. In 2019, a similar pair of bills was introduced by an expanded coalition of 67 cosponsors in the House and Senate. An amended version of these bills, the Massachusetts End of Life Options Act, advanced from the Joint Committee on Public Health on May 29, 2020, to the Joint Committee on Healthcare Financing, where it failed to receive a vote before the end of the 2020 legislative session on December 31. </p><p>A 2019 poll of 500 residents conducted by the Boston Globe and Suffolk University, released in 2020, found that 70% of Massachusetts residents agreed that "the terminally ill [should] be permitted to end their own lives with the help of a doctor, also known as medical aid in dying." Support for assisted suicide was similar across broad geographic regions, age brackets, and genders, but varied more by race, with stronger support among White (73%) and Black (64%) respondents, and less support from Hispanic/Latino (50%) and Asian (52%) respondents. The overall margin of error was reported as ±4.4, but higher for smaller subgroups.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York">New York</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: New York"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, a suit was filed in New York claiming that the anti-assisted suicide statute was a violation of equal protection and liberty guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment. This claim was rejected by the District Court on the basis that there is no right to assisted suicide given by the U.S. Constitution. In 1996, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Court_of_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Court of Appeals">U.S. Court of Appeals</a> overturned this ruling with the reasoning that the criminalization of assisted suicide violates the Equal Protection Clause. However, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously reversed the U.S. Court of Appeals decision in <i><a href="/wiki/Vacco_v._Quill" title="Vacco v. Quill">Vacco v. Quill</a>,</i> 521 U.S. 793 (1997). </p><p>In February 2015, New York state senators <a href="/wiki/Brad_Hoylman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brad Hoylman">Brad Hoylman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diane_Savino" title="Diane Savino">Diane Savino</a> introduced a "Death With Dignity Act" to allow physician-assisted suicide in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 7, 2017, in <i>Myers v. Schneiderman</i>, the New York Court of Appeals held that terminally-ill persons did not possess a right to physician-assisted suicide under the New York State Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nevada">Nevada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Nevada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2017, a bill was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Senate" title="Nevada Senate">state senate</a>, which sought to legalize physician-assisted suicide. However, when passed to the Nevada Assembly, the Committee on Health and Human Services chose not to advance the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar legislation was reintroduced at the next legislative session, which took place in 2019. Although it once again passed out of committee, it was not brought to a full Senate vote before the deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tennessee">Tennessee</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tennessee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>'s legislature first debated legalizing assisted suicide in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-TennesseeJoins_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TennesseeJoins-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following year, a prominent Tennessee political figure, <a href="/wiki/John_Jay_Hooker" title="John Jay Hooker">John Jay Hooker</a>, took the cause to the courts by filing a lawsuit asking for physician assisted suicide. The case was in the appeals process when Hooker died of cancer on January 24, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A pair of companion bills to legalize the practice were introduced in the Tennessee House and Senate in 2017, but did not advance.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_power_to_allow_and_regulate">State power to allow and regulate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: State power to allow and regulate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>States have the power to regulate, allow or prohibit assisted suicide. </p><p>In 1997, in the cases of <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_v._Glucksberg" title="Washington v. Glucksberg">Washington v. Glucksberg</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vacco_v._Quill" title="Vacco v. Quill">Vacco v. Quill</a></i>, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that there is no Constitutional right to assisted suicide, and that states therefore have the right to prohibit it. Advocates of assisted suicide saw this as opening the door for debate on the issue at the state level.<sup id="cite_ref-marker_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marker-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Oregon" title="Gonzales v. Oregon">Gonzales v. Oregon</a></i> was brought to the United States <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> in 2006. The court ruled that the United States Attorney General could not enforce the federal Controlled Substances Act against physicians who prescribed drugs, in compliance with Oregon state law, for the assisted suicide of the terminally ill. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_practice">In practice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: In practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Health departments in Oregon,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Washington D.C,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Washington State<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> publicly report yearly on the use of assisted death; as required in their respective statutes. </p><p>A documentary was produced in 2011 called <i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Die_in_Oregon" title="How to Die in Oregon">How to Die in Oregon</a></i> which follows a woman who uses assisted death and interviews her family and interviews opponents of the law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People disagree about what the practice of helping a terminally ill or disabled person die should be called. Proponents call the practice "medical aid in dying" because they do not believe that killing oneself under those circumstances is wrong or unhealthy. Opponents tend to prefer the term "physician-assisted suicide (PAS)", which employs the technical terms for self (sui) killing (cide). They feel that PAS is the most accurate moniker for the act of helping anyone end their own life. Like all heated debates, terms for the latter practice are subject to <a href="/wiki/Political_framing" class="mw-redirect" title="Political framing">political framing</a>. Proponents are more likely to use terms like "physician-assisted dying", "physician-assisted death", "aid in dying", "death with dignity", "right to die", "compassionate death", "compassionate dying", "end-of-life choice", and "medical assistance at the end of life". Opponents do not view the latter practice as a legitimate medical procedure, hence they regard the aforementioned labels as euphemisms and use the term "<a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide" title="Assisted suicide">assisted suicide</a>". </p><p>Controversy concerning the legalization of this practice typically arises from concerns regarding its intersection with manipulative circumstances or family members; inaccurate prognoses, the accuracy of death certificates, unequal access to healthcare, financial problems, the <a href="/wiki/Copycat_suicide" title="Copycat suicide">Werther Effect</a>, advocacy for the practice's expansion to those with disabilities, the deaths of disabled persons in places like Canada that have occipital because of a lack of social support, evidence of abuse in other jurisdictions where PAS is authorized and <a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">ableism</a> in general. Opponents view these factors as legitimate reasons to keep physician assisted suicide illegal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Debate_over_whether_assisted_suicide/MAiD_is_suicide"><span id="Debate_over_whether_assisted_suicide.2FMAiD_is_suicide"></span>Debate over whether assisted suicide/MAiD is suicide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Debate over whether assisted suicide/MAiD is suicide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Suicide refers to the act of taking one's own life. Opponents feel that this term is appropriate to describe assisted death, because of the social and personal dynamics that can pressure someone into choosing death. Opponents also cite the fact that <a href="/wiki/Oncologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncologist">oncologists</a> and other non-psychiatric physicians responsible for referring patients for counseling are not trained to detect complex, potentially invisible disorders like clinical <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>. </p><p>Proponents feel that "medical aid in dying" differs from suicide because a patient must be confirmed by two physicians to be terminally ill with a prognosis of 6 months or less to live and must also be confirmed by two physicians to be mentally capable to make medical decisions. That is why proponents support death certificates that list their underlying condition as the cause of death. According to the proponents, suicide is a solitary, unregulated act whereas aid in dying is medically authorized and is intended to allow for the presence of loved ones. Proponents define "suicide" as an irrational act committed in the throes of mental illness. They assert that the latter act is fundamentally distinct from the practice that they are advocating, as it is intended to be measured act. </p><p>In contrast, opponents feel that this characterization of suicide is erroneous. They point out that people commit suicide for political reasons, for the same reasons that proponents cite as rational justifications for assisted death, and that mentally ill people who become terminally ill may experience assisted death as a potential "out" in regard to suicidal ideation that they had previously fought. Moreover, they argue that the highly publicized deaths of assisted death advocates are political acts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assisted_suicide_versus_euthanasia">Assisted suicide versus euthanasia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Assisted suicide versus euthanasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, assisted suicide is a practice by which a terminally ill person who is believed to be of sound mind and has a prognosis of six months or less requests, obtains and – if they feel their suffering has become unbearable – self-administers barbiturates to end their life. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a>, which is practiced in some states of Australia, Canada, Belgium, Colombia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain, is a practice in which another person (generally a physician) acts to cause death. Euthanasia is illegal in the United States, whereas assisted suicide is currently authorized in ten states and the District of Columbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Public opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public support for assisted death ranges from around 45% to 75% depending on how in-depth the questions are and how they are phrased. For instance, in "The Murky Issue of Whether The Public Supports Assisted Dying", reporter Katherine Sleeman noted: </p><p>"Not surprisingly, the acceptability of assisted dying varies according to the precise context ... a ComRes/Care poll in 2014 found that 73% agreed with the legalization of a bill which enables, "Mentally competent, adults in the UK who are terminally ill and have declared a clear and settled intention to end their own life, to be provided with assistance to commit suicide by self-administering lethal drugs." But 42% of these same people subsequently changed their minds when some of the empirical arguments against assisted dying were highlighted to them-such as the risk of pressure on people to end their lives so as not to be a burden on loved ones." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallup">Gallup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Gallup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a May 2020 <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a> poll, 74% of U.S. adults say doctors should be allowed to end the life of a patient with an incurable disease "by some painless means" if the patient and the patient's family requests it."<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a May 2016 Gallup poll, 69% of Americans said they agree that "when a person has a disease that cannot be cured...doctors should be allowed by law to end the patient's life by some painless means if the patient and their family request it."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that the caveat in this poll is incurable illness rather than terminal illness represents one of the opponents' primary objections to assisted death. </p><p>In a May 2015 Gallup survey, 68% of Americans agreed that "individuals who are terminally ill ... have the right to choose to end their own life."<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2014 Gallup survey found that 69% of Americans think that doctors should be allowed by law to end the life of a patient who has a disease that cannot be cured "by some painless means if the patient and their family request it."<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_surveys">Other surveys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other surveys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, a <a href="/wiki/Harris_Poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Harris Poll">Harris Poll</a> found that 74% of Americans agree that "individuals who are terminally ill ... have the right to choose to end their own life."<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>17,000 U.S. doctors representing 28 medical specialities were surveyed by Medscape on end-of-life issues. The survey found that 54% of doctors believe assisted suicide, or medical aid in dying, should be available as an end-of-life option.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advocates">Advocates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Advocates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_leaders">Religious leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Religious leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Carey" title="George Carey">George Carey</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors">Actors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Dukakis" title="Olympia Dukakis">Olympia Dukakis</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gould" title="Elliott Gould">Elliott Gould</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Henderson" title="Florence Henderson">Florence Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Stewart" title="Patrick Stewart">Patrick Stewart</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montel_Williams" title="Montel Williams">Montel Williams</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_personalities">Public personalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Public personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_E._Brody" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane E. Brody">Jane E. Brody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Humphry" title="Derek Humphry">Derek Humphry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kevorkian" title="Jack Kevorkian">Jack Kevorkian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Maynard" title="Brittany Maynard">Brittany Maynard</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Nitschke" title="Philip Nitschke">Philip Nitschke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Phillips" title="Jeanne Phillips">Jeanne Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Rehm" title="Diane Rehm">Diane Rehm</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Rollin" title="Betty Rollin">Betty Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">George Will</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opponents">Opponents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Opponents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_personalities_2">Public personalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Public personalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Koontz" title="Dean Koontz">Dean Koontz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Charles Krauthammer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politicians">Politicians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Politicians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Reggie_Kennedy" title="Victoria Reggie Kennedy">Victoria Reggie Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denise_Provost" title="Denise Provost">Denise Provost</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawyers">Lawyers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Lawyers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_McBryde_Johnson" title="Harriet McBryde Johnson">Harriet McBryde Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shain_Neumeier" title="Shain Neumeier">Shain Neumeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_J._Smith" title="Wesley J. Smith">Wesley J. Smith</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doctors">Doctors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Doctors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Byock" title="Ira Byock">Ira Byock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activists">Activists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Activists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Lydia Brown">Lydia Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Evans" title="Dominick Evans">Dominick Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Golden" title="Marilyn Golden">Marilyn Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Ne%27eman" title="Ari Ne'eman">Ari Ne'eman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbett_O%27Toole" title="Corbett O'Toole">Corbett O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(disability_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice Wong (disability rights activist)">Alice Wong (disability rights activist)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Actors_2">Actors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liz_Carr" title="Liz Carr">Liz Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academics">Academics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Asch" title="Adrienne Asch">Adrienne Asch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemarie_Garland-Thomson" title="Rosemarie Garland-Thomson">Rosemarie Garland-Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_K._Longmore" title="Paul K. Longmore">Paul K. Longmore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supportive_organizations">Supportive organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Supportive organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>American College of Legal Medicine<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Student_Association" title="American Medical Student Association">American Medical Student Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Women%27s_Association" title="American Medical Women's Association">American Medical Women's Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>American Nurses Association of California<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Health_Association" title="American Public Health Association">American Public Health Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Coalition for Liberty & Justice<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion_and_Choices" class="mw-redirect" title="Compassion and Choices">Compassion and Choices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_with_Dignity_National_Center" title="Death with Dignity National Center">Death with Dignity National Center</a></li> <li>End of Life Washington<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLMA:_Health_Professionals_Advancing_LGBT_Equality" class="mw-redirect" title="GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBT Equality">GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBT Equality</a><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Social_Workers" title="National Association of Social Workers">National Association of Social Workers</a><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Older_Women%27s_League" title="Older Women's League">Older Women's League</a><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Oregon Hospice and Palliative Hospice Association<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Triage Cancer<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neutral_organizations">Neutral organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Neutral organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Hospice_and_Palliative_Medicine" title="American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine">American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Pharmacists_Association" title="American Pharmacists Association">American Pharmacists Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">American Society of Health-System Pharmacists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Compassionate_Care_of_California" title="Coalition for Compassionate Care of California">Coalition for Compassionate Care of California</a></li> <li>California Hospice and Palliative Care Association</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Medical_Association" title="California Medical Association">California Medical Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Medical_Society" title="Colorado Medical Society">Colorado Medical Society</a></li> <li>Hospice and Palliative Care Council of Vermont</li> <li>Kokua Mau (Hawaii)</li> <li>Missouri Hospice and Palliative Care Association</li> <li>Oncology Nursing Association</li> <li>Vermont Psychiatric Association</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Medical_Association" title="Washington State Medical Association">Washington State Medical Association</a></li> <li>Washington State Psychological Association</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposing_organizations">Opposing organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Opposing organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADAPT" title="ADAPT">ADAPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_People_with_Disabilities" title="American Association of People with Disabilities">American Association of People with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Physicians" title="American College of Physicians">American College of Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nursing_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Nursing Association">American Nursing Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_of_the_United_States" title="Arc of the United States">Arc of the United States</a></li> <li>Autistic Women & Nonbinary Network</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Rights_Education_and_Defense_Fund" title="Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund">Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_Prevention_Coalition" title="Euthanasia Prevention Coalition">Euthanasia Prevention Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Task_Force_on_Euthanasia_and_Assisted_Suicide" title="International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide">International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide</a> (Patients Rights Council)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Medical_Association_of_North_America" title="Islamic Medical Association of North America">Islamic Medical Association of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LULAC" class="mw-redirect" title="LULAC">LULAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_on_Disability" title="National Council on Disability">National Council on Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_on_Independent_Living" title="National Council on Independent Living">National Council on Independent Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spinal_Cord_Injury_Association" title="National Spinal Cord Injury Association">National Spinal Cord Injury Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patients_Rights_Action_Fund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patients Rights Action Fund (page does not exist)">Patients Rights Action Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASH_(organization)" title="TASH (organization)">TASH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Association_of_Persons_with_Disabilities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Association of Persons with Disabilities (page does not exist)">World Association of Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Medical_Association" title="World Medical Association">World Medical Association</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baxter_v._Montana" title="Baxter v. Montana">Baxter v. Montana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_the_United_States" title="Euthanasia in the United States">Euthanasia in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Death_with_Dignity_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Oregon Death with Dignity Act">Oregon Death with Dignity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Suicide in the United States">Suicide in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Death_with_Dignity_Act" title="Washington Death with Dignity Act">Washington Death with Dignity Act</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/18/dc-physician-assisted-suicide-law-goes-effect/">"D.C. physician-assisted suicide law goes into effect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401145349/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/18/dc-physician-assisted-suicide-law-goes-effect/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=D.C.+physician-assisted+suicide+law+goes+into+effect&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2Ffeb%2F18%2Fdc-physician-assisted-suicide-law-goes-effect%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/death-with-dignity/97-468e06aa-8e96-411e-93ff-d60c28355d5c">"Governor Mills signs 'Death with Dignity' bill"</a>. June 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240403045659/https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/death-with-dignity/97-468e06aa-8e96-411e-93ff-d60c28355d5c">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+Mills+signs+%27Death+with+Dignity%27+bill&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscentermaine.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fdeath-with-dignity%2F97-468e06aa-8e96-411e-93ff-d60c28355d5c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/tns-aid-in-dying-bill-signed-new-jersey.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Aid-in-Dying' Bill Becomes Law in New Jersey"</a>. <i>governing.com</i>. April 15, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230903185116/https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/tns-aid-in-dying-bill-signed-new-jersey.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=governing.com&rft.atitle=%27Aid-in-Dying%27+Bill+Becomes+Law+in+New+Jersey&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.governing.com%2Ftopics%2Fhealth-human-services%2Ftns-aid-in-dying-bill-signed-new-jersey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/physician-assisted_suicide">"Physician-Assisted Suicide"</a>. Ithaca, New York: <a href="/wiki/Cornell_Law_School" title="Cornell Law School">Cornell Law School</a>. March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Physician-Assisted+Suicide&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+Law+School&rft.date=2024-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fwex%2Fphysician-assisted_suicide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/assisted-suicide-state-laws/">"Assisted Suicide Laws in the United States"</a>. Patients Rights Council. February 6, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911025119/http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/assisted-suicide-state-laws/">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assisted+Suicide+Laws+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Patients+Rights+Council&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patientsrightscouncil.org%2Fsite%2Fassisted-suicide-state-laws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenan2018" class="citation web cs1">Brenan M (May 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/235145/americans-strong-support-euthanasia-persists.aspx">"Americans' Strong Support for Euthanasia Persists"</a>. Gallup. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923102126/https://news.gallup.com/poll/235145/americans-strong-support-euthanasia-persists.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Americans%27+Strong+Support+for+Euthanasia+Persists&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft.aulast=Brenan&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F235145%2Famericans-strong-support-euthanasia-persists.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2022" class="citation web cs1">Johnson G (March 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katu.com/news/politics/oregon-ends-residency-rule-for-medically-assisted-suicide">"Oregon ends residency rule for medically assisted suicide"</a>. <i>KATU</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240111030128/https://katu.com/news/politics/oregon-ends-residency-rule-for-medically-assisted-suicide">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KATU&rft.atitle=Oregon+ends+residency+rule+for+medically+assisted+suicide&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkatu.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Foregon-ends-residency-rule-for-medically-assisted-suicide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/assisted-suicide-vermont-residency-requirement-10ce4f29063f5bbb1873583f9aa89947">Vermont allows out-of-staters to use assisted suicide law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030160542/https://apnews.com/article/assisted-suicide-vermont-residency-requirement-10ce4f29063f5bbb1873583f9aa89947">Archived</a> October 30, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Associated Press, May 2, 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/assisted-suicide-state-laws/">"Assisted Suicide Laws in the United States | Patients Rights Council"</a>. <i>www.patientsrightscouncil.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911025119/http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/assisted-suicide-state-laws/">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.patientsrightscouncil.org&rft.atitle=Assisted+Suicide+Laws+in+the+United+States+%7C+Patients+Rights+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patientsrightscouncil.org%2Fsite%2Fassisted-suicide-state-laws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Appel2004-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Appel2004_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Appel2004_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppel2004" class="citation journal cs1">Appel JM (2004). "A Duty to Kill? A Duty to Die? Rethinking the Euthanasia Controversy of 1906". <i>Bulletin of the History of Medicine</i>. <b>78</b> (3): 610–34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbhm.2004.0106">10.1353/bhm.2004.0106</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15356372">15356372</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24991992">24991992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+History+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+Duty+to+Kill%3F+A+Duty+to+Die%3F+Rethinking+the+Euthanasia+Controversy+of+1906&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=610-34&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24991992%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15356372&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbhm.2004.0106&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=JM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmanuel1994" class="citation journal cs1">Emanuel E (November 1994). "History of Euthanasia Debates in the United States and Britain". <i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>. <b>121</b> (10): 793–802. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7326%2F0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010">10.7326/0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7944057">7944057</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20754659">20754659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=History+of+Euthanasia+Debates+in+the+United+States+and+Britain&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=793-802&rft.date=1994-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20754659%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7944057&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7326%2F0003-4819-121-10-199411150-00010&rft.aulast=Emanuel&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngell1997" class="citation journal cs1">Angell M (1997). "The Supreme Court and Physician-Assisted Suicide – the Ultimate Right". <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>336</b> (1): 50–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199701023360108">10.1056/NEJM199701023360108</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8970940">8970940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Supreme+Court+and+Physician-Assisted+Suicide+%E2%80%93+the+Ultimate+Right&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=50-53&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199701023360108&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8970940&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascensionhealth.org/ethics/public/cases/case19.asp">"People v. Kevorkian; Hobbins v. Attorney General"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030908034403/http://www.ascensionhealth.org/ethics/public/cases/case19.asp">Archived</a> September 8, 2003, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ascension Health. 2007. Ascension Health. April 7, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2007/US/law/12/17/court.archive.kevorkian8/index.html">"Kevorkian Case: Kevorkian sentenced to 10 to 25 years"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230826143210/https://edition.cnn.com/2007/US/law/12/17/court.archive.kevorkian8/index.html">Archived</a> August 26, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> 31 December 2007 1. April 7, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629193504/http://egov.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/pas/ors.shtml">"Death With Dignity Act Legislative Statute"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egov.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/pas/ors.shtml">the original</a> on June 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+With+Dignity+Act+Legislative+Statute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegov.oregon.gov%2FDHS%2Fph%2Fpas%2Fors.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2009_MT_449-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2009_MT_449_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baxter v. State, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/montana/supreme-court/2009/50c59956-3100-468d-b397-4ab38f6eda4d.html">[1]</a>, 224 P.3d 1211, 354 Mont. 234 (2009).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Death_with_Dignity_Act" title="Washington Death with Dignity Act">Washington Death with Dignity Act</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patient Choice and Control at End of Life Act of 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">California End of Life Option Act of 2015, enacted June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAliferis2016" class="citation web cs1">Aliferis L (March 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/10/469970753/californias-law-on-medically-assisted-suicide-to-take-effect-june-9/">"California To Permit Medically Assisted Suicide As of 9 June"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207123751/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/03/10/469970753/californias-law-on-medically-assisted-suicide-to-take-effect-june-9/">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=California+To+Permit+Medically+Assisted+Suicide+As+of+9+June&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.aulast=Aliferis&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2016%2F03%2F10%2F469970753%2Fcalifornias-law-on-medically-assisted-suicide-to-take-effect-june-9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">District of Columbia Death with Dignity Act of 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">End of Life Options Act of 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Death with Dignity Act of 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New Jersey Dignity in Dying Bill of Rights Act of 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/maine/">"Maine"</a>. <i>Death With Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205233450/https://deathwithdignity.org/states/maine/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+With+Dignity&rft.atitle=Maine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Fmaine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">effective 1 January 2020 – Maine Death with Dignity Act of 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elizabeth Whitefield End-of-Life Options Act, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Death_by_Prescription-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Death_by_Prescription_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Death_by_Prescription_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnnas1994" class="citation journal cs1">Annas G (1994). "Death by Prescription. The Oregon Initiative". <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>331</b> (18): 1240–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199411033311822">10.1056/NEJM199411033311822</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7935680">7935680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Death+by+Prescription.+The+Oregon+Initiative&rft.volume=331&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=1240-43&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199411033311822&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7935680&rft.aulast=Annas&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlomeMitchellCharleboisBenevedes1997" class="citation journal cs1">Slome LR, Mitchell TF, Charlebois E, Benevedes JM, Abrams DI (February 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199702063360606">"Physician-assisted suicide and patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease"</a>. <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>336</b> (6): 417–421. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199702063360606">10.1056/NEJM199702063360606</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9010149">9010149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Physician-assisted+suicide+and+patients+with+human+immunodeficiency+virus+disease&rft.volume=336&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=417-421&rft.date=1997-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199702063360606&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9010149&rft.aulast=Slome&rft.aufirst=LR&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+TF&rft.au=Charlebois%2C+E&rft.au=Benevedes%2C+JM&rft.au=Abrams%2C+DI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252FNEJM199702063360606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGreevy2015" class="citation web cs1">McGreevy P (October 5, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-gov-brown-end-of-life-bill-20151005-story.html">"After struggling, Jerry Brown makes assisted suicide legal in California"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307202814/https://www.latimes.com/local/political/la-me-pc-gov-brown-end-of-life-bill-20151005-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2020</span> – via LA Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+struggling%2C+Jerry+Brown+makes+assisted+suicide+legal+in+California&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft.aulast=McGreevy&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Fpolitical%2Fla-me-pc-gov-brown-end-of-life-bill-20151005-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/10/05/gov-brown-signs-bill-legalizing-medically-assisted-suicide-for-terminal-patients/">"Gov. Brown signs bill legalizing medically-assisted suicide for terminal patients"</a>. October 5, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151006160317/http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/10/05/gov-brown-signs-bill-legalizing-medically-assisted-suicide-for-terminal-patients/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gov.+Brown+signs+bill+legalizing+medically-assisted+suicide+for+terminal+patients&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffox5sandiego.com%2F2015%2F10%2F05%2Fgov-brown-signs-bill-legalizing-medically-assisted-suicide-for-terminal-patients%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoumya_Karlamangla2016" class="citation web cs1">Soumya Karlamangla (May 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-end-of-life-option-act-qa-20160511-story.html">"How California's aid-in-dying law will work"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911230313/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-end-of-life-option-act-qa-20160511-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 11, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=How+California%27s+aid-in-dying+law+will+work&rft.date=2016-05-12&rft.au=Soumya+Karlamangla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Flanow%2Fla-me-ln-end-of-life-option-act-qa-20160511-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uclahealth.org/patients-families/support-information/advance-directive/introduction-california-end-life-option-act">"Introduction to California End of Life Option Act | UCLA Health"</a>. <i>www.uclahealth.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513182852/https://www.uclahealth.org/patients-families/support-information/advance-directive/introduction-california-end-life-option-act">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.uclahealth.org&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+California+End+of+Life+Option+Act+%7C+UCLA+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uclahealth.org%2Fpatients-families%2Fsupport-information%2Fadvance-directive%2Fintroduction-california-end-life-option-act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2018" class="citation news cs1">Smith WJ (May 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/california-assisted-death-law-ruled-unconstitutional/">"California Assisted-Suicide Law Unconstitutionally Enacted"</a>. <i>National Review</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180521162625/https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/california-assisted-death-law-ruled-unconstitutional/">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=California+Assisted-Suicide+Law+Unconstitutionally+Enacted&rft.date=2018-05-16&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Wesley+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fcorner%2Fcalifornia-assisted-death-law-ruled-unconstitutional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoseff2018" class="citation news cs1">Koseff A (May 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211195824.html">"California assisted death law overturned in court"</a>. <i>The Sacramento Bee</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-5738">0890-5738</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517115306/http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211195824.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sacramento+Bee&rft.atitle=California+assisted+death+law+overturned+in+court&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft.issn=0890-5738&rft.aulast=Koseff&rft.aufirst=Alexei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacbee.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-government%2Fcapitol-alert%2Farticle211195824.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/06/15/us/ap-us-california-assisted-death-lawsuit.html">"State Appeals Court Reinstates California's Right-To-Die Law"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=State+Appeals+Court+Reinstates+California%27s+Right-To-Die+Law&rft.date=2018-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2018%2F06%2F15%2Fus%2Fap-us-california-assisted-death-lawsuit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB380">"Bill Text – SB-380 End of life"</a>. <i>leginfo.legislature.ca.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516113743/https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB380">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov&rft.atitle=Bill+Text+%E2%80%93+SB-380+End+of+life.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleginfo.legislature.ca.gov%2Ffaces%2FbillNavClient.xhtml%3Fbill_id%3D202120220SB380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/2016/11/08/colorado-aid-in-dying-proposition-106-election-results/">"Colorado passes medical aid in dying, joining five other states"</a>. November 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colorado+passes+medical+aid+in+dying%2C+joining+five+other+states&rft.date=2016-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2016%2F11%2F08%2Fcolorado-aid-in-dying-proposition-106-election-results%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeBonis2015" class="citation news cs1">DeBonis M (January 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/death-with-dignity-laws-are-proposed-bringing-national-debate-to-dc-and-md/2015/01/16/8354bba8-9d09-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Death With Dignity' laws are proposed, bringing national debate to D.C. and Md"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150116202720/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/death-with-dignity-laws-are-proposed-bringing-national-debate-to-dc-and-md/2015/01/16/8354bba8-9d09-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Death+With+Dignity%27+laws+are+proposed%2C+bringing+national+debate+to+D.C.+and+Md.&rft.date=2015-01-16&rft.aulast=DeBonis&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fdc-politics%2Fdeath-with-dignity-laws-are-proposed-bringing-national-debate-to-dc-and-md%2F2015%2F01%2F16%2F8354bba8-9d09-11e4-a7ee-526210d665b4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2016" class="citation news cs1">Richardson B (October 5, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/5/dc-weighs-physician-assisted-suicide-as-death-with/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Death With Dignity Act' clears first hurdle as D.C. weighs physician-assisted suicide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007180354/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/5/dc-weighs-physician-assisted-suicide-as-death-with/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=%27Death+With+Dignity+Act%27+clears+first+hurdle+as+D.C.+weighs+physician-assisted+suicide&rft.date=2016-10-05&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Bradford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2Foct%2F5%2Fdc-weighs-physician-assisted-suicide-as-death-with%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/91a066e44af64b538eaa7472bf6a9cb2/Medically-assisted-suicide-becomes-legal-in-Hawaii">"Medically assisted suicide becomes legal in Hawaii"</a>. <i>apnews.com</i>. April 5, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407074751/https://www.apnews.com/91a066e44af64b538eaa7472bf6a9cb2/Medically-assisted-suicide-becomes-legal-in-Hawaii">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apnews.com&rft.atitle=Medically+assisted+suicide+becomes+legal+in+Hawaii&rft.date=2018-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F91a066e44af64b538eaa7472bf6a9cb2%2FMedically-assisted-suicide-becomes-legal-in-Hawaii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/news/2019/06/maine-adopts-death-with-dignity/">"Maine Adopts Death with Dignity"</a>. <i>Death With Dignity</i>. June 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720021247/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/news/2019/06/maine-adopts-death-with-dignity/">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+With+Dignity&rft.atitle=Maine+Adopts+Death+with+Dignity&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fnews%2F2019%2F06%2Fmaine-adopts-death-with-dignity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/dec/31/montana-high-court-state-allows-assisted-suicide/">"Mont. court: State law doesn't prevent assisted suicide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Spokesman-Review" title="The Spokesman-Review">The Spokesman-Review</a></i>. December 31, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103092317/http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/dec/31/montana-high-court-state-allows-assisted-suicide/">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=Mont.+court%3A+State+law+doesn%27t+prevent+assisted+suicide&rft.date=2009-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spokesman.com%2Fstories%2F2009%2Fdec%2F31%2Fmontana-high-court-state-allows-assisted-suicide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728015227/http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2014/Bills/A2500/2270_I1.HTM">"A2270"</a>. <i>njleg.state.nj.us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2014/Bills/A2500/2270_I1.HTM">the original</a> on July 28, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=njleg.state.nj.us&rft.atitle=A2270&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.njleg.state.nj.us%2F2014%2FBills%2FA2500%2F2270_I1.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.app.com/story/news/politics/capitolquickies/2014/06/05/assisted-suicide-bill-advances-in-new-jersey-assembly/10020099/">"Assisted suicide bill advances in New Jersey Assembly"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assisted+suicide+bill+advances+in+New+Jersey+Assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.app.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcapitolquickies%2F2014%2F06%2F05%2Fassisted-suicide-bill-advances-in-new-jersey-assembly%2F10020099%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalo2014" class="citation news cs1">Malo S (November 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-newjersey-assistedsuicide-idUSKCN0IY01Z20141114">"New Jersey state Assembly approves assisted suicide bill"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111065652/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-newjersey-assistedsuicide-idUSKCN0IY01Z20141114">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=New+Jersey+state+Assembly+approves+assisted+suicide+bill&rft.date=2014-11-13&rft.aulast=Malo&rft.aufirst=Sebastien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-newjersey-assistedsuicide-idUSKCN0IY01Z20141114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2015" class="citation news cs1">Ford A (March 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.courierpostonline.com/story/news/local/new-jersey/2015/03/03/new-jersey-fighting-die-christie-mum/24330561/">"N.J. conflicted on aid in dying"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Courier-Post" title="Courier-Post">Courier-Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courier-Post&rft.atitle=N.J.+conflicted+on+aid+in+dying&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.courierpostonline.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnew-jersey%2F2015%2F03%2F03%2Fnew-jersey-fighting-die-christie-mum%2F24330561%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivio2016" class="citation web cs1">Livio SK (October 21, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.com/politics/2016/10/aid_in_dying_legislation_for_terminally_ill_assemb.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Aid in dying' for terminally ill patients passes N.J. Assembly"</a>. <i>nj.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602003412/https://www.nj.com/politics/2016/10/aid_in_dying_legislation_for_terminally_ill_assemb.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nj.com&rft.atitle=%27Aid+in+dying%27+for+terminally+ill+patients+passes+N.J.+Assembly&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.aulast=Livio&rft.aufirst=Susan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F10%2Faid_in_dying_legislation_for_terminally_ill_assemb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414204353/https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/S1500/1072_I1.PDF">"SENATE, No. 1072"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>njleg.state.nj.us</i>. January 22, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/S1500/1072_I1.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on April 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=njleg.state.nj.us&rft.atitle=SENATE%2C+No.+1072&rft.date=2018-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.njleg.state.nj.us%2F2018%2FBills%2FS1500%2F1072_I1.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovMurphy2019" class="citation web cs1">@GovMurphy (April 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/GovMurphy/status/1116781025634521096">"Today's bill signing will make NJ the eighth state to allow terminally ill patients the dignity to make their own end-of-life decisions – including medical aid in dying. We must give these patients the humanity, respect, and compassion they deserve"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today%27s+bill+signing+will+make+NJ+the+eighth+state+to+allow+terminally+ill+patients+the+dignity+to+make+their+own+end-of-life+decisions+%E2%80%93+including+medical+aid+in+dying.+We+must+give+these+patients+the+humanity%2C+respect%2C+and+compassion+they+deserve&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft.au=GovMurphy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FGovMurphy%2Fstatus%2F1116781025634521096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nj.gov/governor/news/news/562019/approved/20190412a.shtml">"Office of the Governor – Governor Murphy Signs Legislation to Permit Death with Dignity in New Jersey"</a>. <i>nj.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nj.gov&rft.atitle=Office+of+the+Governor+%E2%80%93+Governor+Murphy+Signs+Legislation+to+Permit+Death+with+Dignity+in+New+Jersey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnj.gov%2Fgovernor%2Fnews%2Fnews%2F562019%2Fapproved%2F20190412a.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidernj.com/press-release/burzichelli-danielsen-medical-aid-dying-terminally-ill-act-approved-assembly/">"Burzichelli & Danielsen 'Medical Aid in Dying for the Terminally Ill Act' Approved by the Assembly"</a>. <i>Insider NJ</i>. March 25, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414203547/https://www.insidernj.com/press-release/burzichelli-danielsen-medical-aid-dying-terminally-ill-act-approved-assembly/">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insider+NJ&rft.atitle=Burzichelli+%26+Danielsen+%27Medical+Aid+in+Dying+for+the+Terminally+Ill+Act%27+Approved+by+the+Assembly&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidernj.com%2Fpress-release%2Fburzichelli-danielsen-medical-aid-dying-terminally-ill-act-approved-assembly%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140115190443/https://newmexico.tylerhost.net/ServeDocument.ashx?SID=0730da82-c2ce-4331-9d34-98fe74190124&RID=001664dd-e045-4d6c-b5ce-1294189b0a7a">"Morris v. Brandenberg"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newmexico.tylerhost.net/ServeDocument.ashx?SID=0730da82-c2ce-4331-9d34-98fe74190124&RID=001664dd-e045-4d6c-b5ce-1294189b0a7a">the original</a> on January 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Morris+v.+Brandenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewmexico.tylerhost.net%2FServeDocument.ashx%3FSID%3D0730da82-c2ce-4331-9d34-98fe74190124%26RID%3D001664dd-e045-4d6c-b5ce-1294189b0a7a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NM_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"New Mexico Court of Appeals strikes down ruling that essentially allowed assisted suicides\url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.lcsun-news.com/las_cruces-news/ci_28623731/new-mexico-court-appeals-strikes-down-right-die">http://www.lcsun-news.com/las_cruces-news/ci_28623731/new-mexico-court-appeals-strikes-down-right-die</a>". <i>Las Cruces Sun-News</i>. August 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Cruces+Sun-News&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Court+of+Appeals+strikes+down+ruling+that+essentially+allowed+assisted+suicides%5Curl%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.lcsun-news.com%2Flas_cruces-news%2Fci_28623731%2Fnew-mexico-court-appeals-strikes-down-right-die&rft.date=2015-08-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson" class="citation web cs1">Richardson V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/aug/11/assisted-suicide-new-mexico-ruling-struck-higher-c/">"New Mexico court strikes down ruling that allowed assisted suicide"</a>. <i>Washington Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205233413/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/aug/11/assisted-suicide-new-mexico-ruling-struck-higher-c/">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Times&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+court+strikes+down+ruling+that+allowed+assisted+suicide&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=V&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2Faug%2F11%2Fassisted-suicide-new-mexico-ruling-struck-higher-c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/legislature-michelle-lujan-grisham-legislation-assisted-suicide-new-mexico-62bfb8e52a96ba46c23f6ae35cabdb5a">"New Mexico latest state to adopt medically assisted suicide"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. April 8, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117232441/https://apnews.com/article/legislature-michelle-lujan-grisham-legislation-assisted-suicide-new-mexico-62bfb8e52a96ba46c23f6ae35cabdb5a">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+latest+state+to+adopt+medically+assisted+suicide&rft.date=2021-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flegislature-michelle-lujan-grisham-legislation-assisted-suicide-new-mexico-62bfb8e52a96ba46c23f6ae35cabdb5a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130131214233/http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5002204824">"Oregon's Fight over the Right to Die"</a>. Courtney S. Campbell; The Hastings Center Report, Vol. 24, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/index.aspx">"Death with Dignity Act"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003551/http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/pages/index.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Death+with+Dignity+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregon.gov%2Foha%2Fph%2FProviderPartnerResources%2FEvaluationResearch%2FDeathwithDignityAct%2FPages%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.health.oregon.gov/providerpartnerresources/evaluationresearch/deathwithdignityact/pages/index.aspx">"Death with Dignity Act"</a>. <i>Public.health.oregon.gov</i>. October 27, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211014406/http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/index.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public.health.oregon.gov&rft.atitle=Death+with+Dignity+Act&rft.date=1997-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.health.oregon.gov%2Fproviderpartnerresources%2Fevaluationresearch%2Fdeathwithdignityact%2Fpages%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAQ_DWDA-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_DWDA_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/faqs.aspx#whocan">"Frequently Asked Questions – About the Death With Dignity Act"</a>. Oregon Health Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170609034424/http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/faqs.aspx#whocan">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%E2%80%93+About+the+Death+With+Dignity+Act&rft.pub=Oregon+Health+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.health.oregon.gov%2FProviderPartnerResources%2FEvaluationResearch%2FDeathwithDignityAct%2FPages%2Ffaqs.aspx%23whocan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euthanasia.procon.org-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-euthanasia.procon.org_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-euthanasia.procon.org_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euthanasia.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000132">"State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide - Euthanasia - ProCon.org"</a>. <i>procon.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220215342/https://euthanasia.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000132">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=procon.org&rft.atitle=State-by-State+Guide+to+Physician-Assisted+Suicide+-+Euthanasia+-+ProCon.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuthanasia.procon.org%2Fview.resource.php%3FresourceID%3D000132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWDA2013-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DWDA2013_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DWDA2013_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Documents/year16.pdf">"Oregon Public Health Division – 2013 DWDA Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oregon Health Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141118053448/http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Documents/year16.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 18, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+Public+Health+Division+%E2%80%93+2013+DWDA+Report&rft.pub=Oregon+Health+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.health.oregon.gov%2FProviderPartnerResources%2FEvaluationResearch%2FDeathwithDignityAct%2FDocuments%2Fyear16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17507293978677110948">"Google Scholar"</a>. <i>Scholar.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405205056/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=17507293978677110948">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scholar.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar_case%3Fcase%3D17507293978677110948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6864220915455147792">"Google Scholar"</a>. <i>Scholar.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405205056/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6864220915455147792">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scholar.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar_case%3Fcase%3D6864220915455147792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallenbeck2013" class="citation news cs1">Hallenbeck T (May 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/05/14/vermont-physician-assisted-death-bill/2157333/">"Vermont end-of-life bill heads to governor"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514153453/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/05/14/vermont-physician-assisted-death-bill/2157333/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Vermont+end-of-life+bill+heads+to+governor&rft.date=2013-05-14&rft.aulast=Hallenbeck&rft.aufirst=Terri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F05%2F14%2Fvermont-physician-assisted-death-bill%2F2157333%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bfp130714-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bfp130714_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallenbeck2013" class="citation news cs1">Hallenbeck T (July 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/14/vermont-adjusts-to-new-way-of-dying/2514847/">"Vermont adjusts to new way of dying"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Burlington_Free_Press" title="The Burlington Free Press">The Burlington Free Press</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a>. pp. 6B–9B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721054930/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/07/14/vermont-adjusts-to-new-way-of-dying/2514847/">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Vermont+adjusts+to+new+way+of+dying&rft.pages=6B-9B&rft.date=2013-07-14&rft.aulast=Hallenbeck&rft.aufirst=Terri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2013%2F07%2F14%2Fvermont-adjusts-to-new-way-of-dying%2F2514847%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sullivan, Nora. "Vermont Legislature Passes Assisted Suicide Bill." Charlotte Lozier Institute RSS. Charlotte Lozier Institute, 15 May 2013. Web. 4 December 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRascius2022" class="citation news cs1">Rascius B (September 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article266180996.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I don't want to suffer.' Patient sues Vermont over assisted suicide restrictions"</a>. <i>The Miami Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Miami+Herald&rft.atitle=%27I+don%27t+want+to+suffer.%27+Patient+sues+Vermont+over+assisted+suicide+restrictions&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft.aulast=Rascius&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.miamiherald.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fnational%2Farticle266180996.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonica_Aggarwal2023" class="citation news cs1">Monica Aggarwal (May 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibtimes.com/vermont-becomes-first-state-remove-residency-requirement-medical-aid-dying-3690714">"Vermont Becomes First State To Remove Residency Requirement For Medical Aid In Dying"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230507182312/https://www.ibtimes.com/vermont-becomes-first-state-remove-residency-requirement-medical-aid-dying-3690714">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vermont+Becomes+First+State+To+Remove+Residency+Requirement+For+Medical+Aid+In+Dying&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft.au=Monica+Aggarwal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fvermont-becomes-first-state-remove-residency-requirement-medical-aid-dying-3690714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWashington_State_Department_of_Health" class="citation web cs1">Washington State Department of Health. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct">"Death with Dignity Act"</a>. <i>www.doh.wa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206035121/https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doh.wa.gov&rft.atitle=Death+with+Dignity+Act&rft.au=Washington+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doh.wa.gov%2FYouandYourFamily%2FIllnessandDisease%2FDeathwithDignityAct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adflegal.org/detailspages/case-details/washington-v.-glucksberg-vacco-v.-quill">"Washington v. Glucksberg | Vacco v. Quill"</a>. <i>www.adflegal.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713080727/http://www.adflegal.org/detailspages/case-details/washington-v.-glucksberg-vacco-v.-quill">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.adflegal.org&rft.atitle=Washington+v.+Glucksberg+%7C+Vacco+v.+Quill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adflegal.org%2Fdetailspages%2Fcase-details%2Fwashington-v.-glucksberg-vacco-v.-quill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studentjd.com/Constitution/Washington%20v.%20Glucksberg%5BCh%206%5D%5BImplied%20Fundamental%20Rights%5D%5BSubstantive%20Due%20Process%5D%5Bassisted%20suiciden%5D%5BNot%20fundamental%20right%5D.htm">"Case Brief: Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702"</a>. <i>www.studentjd.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205230147/http://www.studentjd.com/Constitution/Washington%20v.%20Glucksberg%5BCh%206%5D%5BImplied%20Fundamental%20Rights%5D%5BSubstantive%20Due%20Process%5D%5Bassisted%20suiciden%5D%5BNot%20fundamental%20right%5D.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.studentjd.com&rft.atitle=Case+Brief%3A+Washington+v.+Glucksberg%2C+521+U.S.+702&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studentjd.com%2FConstitution%2FWashington%2520v.%2520Glucksberg%255BCh%25206%255D%255BImplied%2520Fundamental%2520Rights%255D%255BSubstantive%2520Due%2520Process%255D%255Bassisted%2520suiciden%255D%255BNot%2520fundamental%2520right%255D.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFlinderd" class="citation web cs1">linderd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/glucksberg.html">"Washington v Glucksberg"</a>. <i>law2.umkc.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413014259/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/glucksberg.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=law2.umkc.edu&rft.atitle=Washington+v+Glucksberg&rft.au=linderd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Fconlaw%2Fglucksberg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/text/i1000.pdf">"The Washington Death with Dignity Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009053942/http://www.secstate.wa.gov/elections/initiatives/text/i1000.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Washington+Death+with+Dignity+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secstate.wa.gov%2Felections%2Finitiatives%2Ftext%2Fi1000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marker-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marker_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marker_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marker_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marker, Rita L. (2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/assisted-suicide-the-continuing-debate/#45">Assisted Suicide: The Continuing Debate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130623085508/http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/assisted-suicide-the-continuing-debate/#45">Archived</a> June 23, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". International Task Force 1–18. March 1, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/alaska/">"Alaska"</a>. <i>Death with Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127011609/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/alaska/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+with+Dignity&rft.atitle=Alaska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Falaska%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWD_Arizona-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DWD_Arizona_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DWD_Arizona_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/arizona/">"Arizona"</a>. <i>Death with Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928053740/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/arizona/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+with+Dignity&rft.atitle=Arizona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Farizona%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaracena" class="citation web cs1">Taracena MI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tucsonweekly.com/TheRange/archives/2015/09/02/bisbee-becomes-first-city-in-arizona-to-approve-an-aid-in-dying-resolution">"Bisbee Becomes First City in Arizona to Approve an 'Aid in Dying' Resolution"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161103234909/http://www.tucsonweekly.com/TheRange/archives/2015/09/02/bisbee-becomes-first-city-in-arizona-to-approve-an-aid-in-dying-resolution">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bisbee+Becomes+First+City+in+Arizona+to+Approve+an+%27Aid+in+Dying%27+Resolution&rft.aulast=Taracena&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+In%C3%A9s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tucsonweekly.com%2FTheRange%2Farchives%2F2015%2F09%2F02%2Fbisbee-becomes-first-city-in-arizona-to-approve-an-aid-in-dying-resolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/connecticut/">"Connecticut"</a>. <i>Death With Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124025715/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/connecticut/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+With+Dignity&rft.atitle=Connecticut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Fconnecticut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctpost.com/local/article/For-3rd-time-aid-in-dying-bill-lacked-support-6190026.php">"Aid-in-dying bill hasn't gained sufficient support"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Post" title="Connecticut Post">Connecticut Post</a></i>. April 9, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connecticut+Post&rft.atitle=Aid-in-dying+bill+hasn%27t+gained+sufficient+support&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctpost.com%2Flocal%2Farticle%2FFor-3rd-time-aid-in-dying-bill-lacked-support-6190026.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart2020" class="citation news cs1">Stuart C (February 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ctnewsjunkie.com/archives/entry/20200214_public_health_committee_will_tackle_aid-in-dying_and_pregnancy/">"Public Health Committee Will Tackle Aid-In-Dying And Pregnancy Centers"</a>. <i>CT News Junkie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215173352/https://www.ctnewsjunkie.com/archives/entry/20200214_public_health_committee_will_tackle_aid-in-dying_and_pregnancy/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CT+News+Junkie&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Committee+Will+Tackle+Aid-In-Dying+And+Pregnancy+Centers&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctnewsjunkie.com%2Farchives%2Fentry%2F20200214_public_health_committee_will_tackle_aid-in-dying_and_pregnancy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legiscan.com/CT/votes/HB06425/2021">"Connecticut HB06425 | 2021 | General Assembly"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405202837/https://legiscan.com/CT/votes/HB06425/2021">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=Connecticut+HB06425+%7C+2021+%7C+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FCT%2Fvotes%2FHB06425%2F2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legiscan.com/CT/text/HB06425/id/2283273">"Connecticut HB06425 | 2021 | General Assembly"</a>. <i>LegiScan</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405202835/https://legiscan.com/CT/text/HB06425/id/2283273">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LegiScan&rft.atitle=Connecticut+HB06425+%7C+2021+%7C+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegiscan.com%2FCT%2Ftext%2FHB06425%2Fid%2F2283273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="DWD_Florida" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/florida/">"Florida"</a>. <i>Death with Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127005108/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/florida/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+with+Dignity&rft.atitle=Florida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Fflorida%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/maryland/">"Maryland"</a>. Death with Dignity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127004611/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/maryland/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maryland&rft.pub=Death+with+Dignity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Fmaryland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiggins2015" class="citation news cs1">Wiggins O (March 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/maryland-weighs-death-with-dignity-legislation/2015/03/06/187fa3b6-c3a0-11e4-9ec2-b418f57a4a99_story.html">"Maryland weighs 'Death With Dignity' legislation"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171857/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/maryland-weighs-death-with-dignity-legislation/2015/03/06/187fa3b6-c3a0-11e4-9ec2-b418f57a4a99_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Maryland+weighs+%27Death+With+Dignity%27+legislation&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft.aulast=Wiggins&rft.aufirst=Ovetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fmd-politics%2Fmaryland-weighs-death-with-dignity-legislation%2F2015%2F03%2F06%2F187fa3b6-c3a0-11e4-9ec2-b418f57a4a99_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://compassionandchoices.org/news/maryland-gov-hogan-says-he-is-open-to-both-sides-on-end-of-life-option/">"Maryland Gov. Hogan Says He Is "Open to Both Sides" on End of Life Option Act"</a>. Compassion and Choices. January 8, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811154559/https://compassionandchoices.org/news/maryland-gov-hogan-says-he-is-open-to-both-sides-on-end-of-life-option/">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maryland+Gov.+Hogan+Says+He+Is+%22Open+to+Both+Sides%22+on+End+of+Life+Option+Act&rft.pub=Compassion+and+Choices&rft.date=2020-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcompassionandchoices.org%2Fnews%2Fmaryland-gov-hogan-says-he-is-open-to-both-sides-on-end-of-life-option%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="DWD_Massachusetts" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/massachusetts/">"Massachusetts"</a>. <i>Death with Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009185806/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/massachusetts/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+with+Dignity&rft.atitle=Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Fmassachusetts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Suffolk_Poll" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.suffolk.edu/academics/research-at-suffolk/political-research-center/polls/issues-polls">"Boston Globe Spotlight Poll of Massachusetts Residents"</a>. <i>Issues Polls</i>. Suffolk University. September 28, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226163422/https://www.suffolk.edu/academics/research-at-suffolk/political-research-center/polls/issues-polls">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Issues+Polls&rft.atitle=Boston+Globe+Spotlight+Poll+of+Massachusetts+Residents&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.suffolk.edu%2Facademics%2Fresearch-at-suffolk%2Fpolitical-research-center%2Fpolls%2Fissues-polls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CC_Polls" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compassionandchoices.org/resource/polling-medical-aid-dying/">"Polling on Medical Aid in Dying"</a>. <i>Compassion & Choices</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119001210/https://compassionandchoices.org/resource/polling-medical-aid-dying/">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compassion+%26+Choices&rft.atitle=Polling+on+Medical+Aid+in+Dying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compassionandchoices.org%2Fresource%2Fpolling-medical-aid-dying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovett2015" class="citation news cs1">Lovett K (February 9, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/timothy-cardinal-dolan-fight-bill-assisted-suicide-article-1.2107898">"Timothy Cardinal Dolan will fight efforts in New York to legalize physician-assisted suicide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily News (New York)">Daily News (New York)</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402122732/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/timothy-cardinal-dolan-fight-bill-assisted-suicide-article-1.2107898">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+%28New+York%29&rft.atitle=Timothy+Cardinal+Dolan+will+fight+efforts+in+New+York+to+legalize+physician-assisted+suicide&rft.date=2015-02-09&rft.aulast=Lovett&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Ftimothy-cardinal-dolan-fight-bill-assisted-suicide-article-1.2107898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiedzwiadek2017" class="citation web cs1">Niedzwiadek N (September 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2017/09/07/court-of-appeals-rejects-right-to-aid-in-dying-114347">"Court of Appeals rejects right to 'aid in dying'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173634/https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2017/09/07/court-of-appeals-rejects-right-to-aid-in-dying-114347">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Court+of+Appeals+rejects+right+to+%27aid+in+dying%27&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft.aulast=Niedzwiadek&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstates%2Fnew-york%2Falbany%2Fstory%2F2017%2F09%2F07%2Fcourt-of-appeals-rejects-right-to-aid-in-dying-114347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2017" class="citation news cs1">Richardson S (May 23, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgj.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/23/senate-passes-bill-permitting-doctor-assisted-suicide/340294001/">"Senate passes bill permitting doctor-assisted suicide"</a>. <i>Reno Gazette Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reno+Gazette+Journal&rft.atitle=Senate+passes+bill+permitting+doctor-assisted+suicide&rft.date=2017-05-23&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgj.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2F05%2F23%2Fsenate-passes-bill-permitting-doctor-assisted-suicide%2F340294001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="DWD_Nevada" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/nevada/">"Nevada"</a>. <i>Death With Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127004919/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/nevada/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+With+Dignity&rft.atitle=Nevada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Fnevada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TennesseeJoins-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TennesseeJoins_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucher2015" class="citation news cs1">Boucher D (June 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/08/changing-law-end-life/28711247/">"Tennessee joins national debate on assisted suicide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tennessean" title="The Tennessean">The Tennessean</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tennessean&rft.atitle=Tennessee+joins+national+debate+on+assisted+suicide&rft.date=2015-06-08&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tennessean.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F06%2F08%2Fchanging-law-end-life%2F28711247%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Hooker_Lawsuit" class="citation news cs1">Hale S (January 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nashvillescene.com/news/article/13062863/death-with-dignity-after-john-jay-hooker">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Death With Dignity' After John Jay Hooker"</a>. <i>Nashville Scene</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nashville+Scene&rft.atitle=%27Death+With+Dignity%27+After+John+Jay+Hooker&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nashvillescene.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F13062863%2Fdeath-with-dignity-after-john-jay-hooker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="DWD_Tennessee" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/tennessee/">"Tennessee"</a>. <i>Death with Dignity</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127003825/https://www.deathwithdignity.org/states/tennessee/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Death+with+Dignity&rft.atitle=Tennessee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deathwithdignity.org%2Fstates%2Ftennessee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeath_with_Dignity_Act_Annual_Reports2016" class="citation web cs1">Death with Dignity Act Annual Reports (February 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/ar-index.aspx">"Annual Reports"</a>. <i>Public.health.oregon.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116153038/http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/ar-index.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public.health.oregon.gov&rft.atitle=Annual+Reports&rft.date=2016-02-04&rft.au=Death+with+Dignity+Act+Annual+Reports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.health.oregon.gov%2FProviderPartnerResources%2FEvaluationResearch%2FDeathwithDignityAct%2FPages%2Far-index.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dchealth.dc.gov/publication/death-dignity-annual-reports">"Death with Dignity Annual Reports - DC Department of Health"</a>. <i>DC Department of Health</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DC+Department+of+Health&rft.atitle=Death+with+Dignity+Annual+Reports+-+DC+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdchealth.dc.gov%2Fpublication%2Fdeath-dignity-annual-reports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct/DeathwithDignityData">"Death with Dignity Data :: Washington State Department of Health"</a>. <i>Doh.wa.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130080215/http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct/DeathwithDignityData">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Doh.wa.gov&rft.atitle=Death+with+Dignity+Data+%3A%3A+Washington+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doh.wa.gov%2FYouandYourFamily%2FIllnessandDisease%2FDeathwithDignityAct%2FDeathwithDignityData&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2020" class="citation web cs1">Jones J (June 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/312209/prevalence-living-wills-slightly.aspx">"Public Still Broadly Supports Euthanasia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903180532/https://news.gallup.com/poll/312209/prevalence-living-wills-slightly.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Still+Broadly+Supports+Euthanasia&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2020-06-22&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F312209%2Fprevalence-living-wills-slightly.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation web cs1">Smith M (June 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/193082/euthanasia-acceptable-solid-majority.aspx">"Euthanasia Still Acceptable to Solid Majority in U.S."</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118163143/http://www.gallup.com/poll/193082/euthanasia-acceptable-solid-majority.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Euthanasia+Still+Acceptable+to+Solid+Majority+in+U.S.&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F193082%2Feuthanasia-acceptable-solid-majority.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewport2015" class="citation web cs1">Newport F (May 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/183425/support-doctor-assisted-suicide.aspx">"In U.S., Support Up for Doctor-Assisted Suicide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161123125407/http://www.gallup.com/poll/183425/support-doctor-assisted-suicide.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+U.S.%2C+Support+Up+for+Doctor-Assisted+Suicide&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F183425%2Fsupport-doctor-assisted-suicide.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewport2014" class="citation web cs1">Newport F (June 18, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/171704/seven-americans-back-euthanasia.aspx">"Seven in 10 Americans Back Euthanasia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211150823/http://www.gallup.com/poll/171704/seven-americans-back-euthanasia.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seven+in+10+Americans+Back+Euthanasia&rft.pub=Gallup&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F171704%2Fseven-americans-back-euthanasia.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118040520/http://www.theharrispoll.com/health-and-life/Most_Americans_Agree_With_Right-to-Die_Movement.html">"Health & Life – Most Americans Agree With Right-to-Die Movement"</a>. <i>Theharrispoll.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theharrispoll.com/health-and-life/Most_Americans_Agree_With_Right-to-Die_Movement.html">the original</a> on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theharrispoll.com&rft.atitle=Health+%26+Life+%E2%80%93+Most+Americans+Agree+With+Right-to-Die+Movement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theharrispoll.com%2Fhealth-and-life%2FMost_Americans_Agree_With_Right-to-Die_Movement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/public/ethics2014-part1#2">"Medscape Ethics Report 2014, Part 1: Life, Death, and Pain"</a>. <i>Medscape.com</i>. December 16, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005173329/http://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/public/ethics2014-part1#2">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medscape.com&rft.atitle=Medscape+Ethics+Report+2014%2C+Part+1%3A+Life%2C+Death%2C+and+Pain&rft.date=2014-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Ffeatures%2Fslideshow%2Fpublic%2Fethics2014-part1%232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_Watt" class="citation news cs1">Nicholas Watt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/12/archbishop-canterbury-carey-support-assisted-dying-proposal">"Former archbishop lends his support to campaign to legalise right to die | Society"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+archbishop+lends+his+support+to+campaign+to+legalise+right+to+die+%26%23124%3B+Society&rft.au=Nicholas+Watt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2014%2Fjul%2F12%2Farchbishop-canterbury-carey-support-assisted-dying-proposal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_SmithDaniel_Boffey" class="citation news cs1">David Smith, Daniel Boffey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jul/12/desmond-tutu-assisted-dying-right-to-die-nelson-mandela">"Desmond Tutu plea for 'assisted dying' before historic Lords debate | Society"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Desmond+Tutu+plea+for+%27assisted+dying%27+before+historic+Lords+debate+%26%23124%3B+Society&rft.au=David+Smith&rft.au=Daniel+Boffey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsociety%2F2014%2Fjul%2F12%2Fdesmond-tutu-assisted-dying-right-to-die-nelson-mandela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTutu" class="citation news cs1">Tutu D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/archbishop-desmond-tutu-when-my-time-comes-i-want-the-option-of-an-assisted-death/2016/10/06/97c804f2-8a81-11e6-b24f-a7f89eb68887_story.html">"Archbishop Desmond Tutu: When my time comes, I want the option of an assisted death"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161207044526/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/archbishop-desmond-tutu-when-my-time-comes-i-want-the-option-of-an-assisted-death/2016/10/06/97c804f2-8a81-11e6-b24f-a7f89eb68887_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Archbishop+Desmond+Tutu%3A+When+my+time+comes%2C+I+want+the+option+of+an+assisted+death&rft.aulast=Tutu&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fglobal-opinions%2Farchbishop-desmond-tutu-when-my-time-comes-i-want-the-option-of-an-assisted-death%2F2016%2F10%2F06%2F97c804f2-8a81-11e6-b24f-a7f89eb68887_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7aUZYQURNSHdQbzg/view">"Footnote 8-SUMMER_MAGAZINE_2014.pdf"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201020521/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7aUZYQURNSHdQbzg/view">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=Footnote+8-SUMMER_MAGAZINE_2014.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B3IuDjCAxxv7aUZYQURNSHdQbzg%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7NlpJZ2JqWnpfQk0/view">"Footnote 10-CCMagazine_Summer13.pdf"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021132/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7NlpJZ2JqWnpfQk0/view">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=Footnote+10-CCMagazine_Summer13.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B3IuDjCAxxv7NlpJZ2JqWnpfQk0%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHW-WuPt5uw">"Leonard Nimoy – Death with Dignity for Bay Staters"</a>. YouTube. October 30, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/wHW-WuPt5uw">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leonard+Nimoy+%E2%80%93+Death+with+Dignity+for+Bay+Staters&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DwHW-WuPt5uw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7bF8wYzYxMDY4U3c/view">"Footnote 9-MagFall2014.pdf"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201020315/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7bF8wYzYxMDY4U3c/view">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=Footnote+9-MagFall2014.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B3IuDjCAxxv7bF8wYzYxMDY4U3c%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7NzFNUVRHZi1DNzA/view">"Footnote 11-CCMagazine_Spring13.pdf"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201021158/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3IuDjCAxxv7NzFNUVRHZi1DNzA/view">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=Footnote+11-CCMagazine_Spring13.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B3IuDjCAxxv7NzFNUVRHZi1DNzA%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPfe3rCcUeQ">"The Brittany Maynard Fund"</a>. YouTube. October 6, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/yPfe3rCcUeQ">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Brittany+Maynard+Fund&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2014-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DyPfe3rCcUeQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicole_Weisensee_Egan2016" class="citation web cs1">Nicole Weisensee Egan (September 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.com/article/Brittany-Maynard-death-with-dignity-compassion-choices/">"Brittany Maynard, death with dignity, Compassion & Choices"</a>. <i>People.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130223758/http://people.com/article/Brittany-Maynard-death-with-dignity-compassion-choices/">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People.com&rft.atitle=Brittany+Maynard%2C+death+with+dignity%2C+Compassion+%26+Choices&rft.date=2016-09-23&rft.au=Nicole+Weisensee+Egan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Farticle%2FBrittany-Maynard-death-with-dignity-compassion-choices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/npr-host-diane-rehms-disclosure-about-her-husbands-death-shines-a-light-on/2188220/">"NPR host Diane Rehm's disclosure about her husband's death puts light on end-of-life choice"</a>. <i>Tampabay.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampabay.com&rft.atitle=NPR+host+Diane+Rehm%27s+disclosure+about+her+husband%27s+death+puts+light+on+end-of-life+choice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2Fnpr-host-diane-rehms-disclosure-about-her-husbands-death-shines-a-light-on%2F2188220%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.aclm.org/resource/collection/11DA4CFF-C8BC-4334-90B0-2ABBE5748D08/Policy_On_Aid_In_Dying.pdf">"Microsoft Word – ACLM Aid in Dying Policy with Miles acknowledgement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>C.ymcdn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118041321/http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.aclm.org/resource/collection/11DA4CFF-C8BC-4334-90B0-2ABBE5748D08/Policy_On_Aid_In_Dying.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C.ymcdn.com&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Word+%E2%80%93+ACLM+Aid+in+Dying+Policy+with+Miles+acknowledgement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fc.ymcdn.com%2Fsites%2Fwww.aclm.org%2Fresource%2Fcollection%2F11DA4CFF-C8BC-4334-90B0-2ABBE5748D08%2FPolicy_On_Aid_In_Dying.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PPP-2015.pdf">"Table of Contents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Amsa.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907181529/http://www.amsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PPP-2015.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amsa.org&rft.atitle=Table+of+Contents&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amsa.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F03%2FPPP-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030011855/https://www.amwa-doc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Aid_in_Dying1.pdf">"American Medical Women's Association Position Paper on Aid in Dying"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Amwa-doc.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amwa-doc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Aid_in_Dying1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amwa-doc.org&rft.atitle=American+Medical+Women%27s+Association+Position+Paper+on+Aid+in+Dying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amwa-doc.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F12%2FAid_in_Dying1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3a7Z7e-o8xyMVNYY0JHaFdtTUV0SmdScjc2RG5jdEVTLUxV/view">"ANA support SB 128"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118042531/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3a7Z7e-o8xyMVNYY0JHaFdtTUV0SmdScjc2RG5jdEVTLUxV/view">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=ANA+support+SB+128&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B3a7Z7e-o8xyMVNYY0JHaFdtTUV0SmdScjc2RG5jdEVTLUxV%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/29/13/28/patients-rights-to-self-determination-at-the-end-of-life">"Patients' Rights to Self-Determination at the End of Life"</a>. <i>Apha.org</i>. October 28, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118041115/https://www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2014/07/29/13/28/patients-rights-to-self-determination-at-the-end-of-life">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apha.org&rft.atitle=Patients%27+Rights+to+Self-Determination+at+the+End+of+Life&rft.date=2008-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apha.org%2Fpolicies-and-advocacy%2Fpublic-health-policy-statements%2Fpolicy-database%2F2014%2F07%2F29%2F13%2F28%2Fpatients-rights-to-self-determination-at-the-end-of-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118100516/https://www.compassionandchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Supportive-Statement-Coalition-for-Liberty-and-Justice-.pdf">"A Quick Guide to Real Religious Liberty"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Compassionandchoices.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compassionandchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Supportive-Statement-Coalition-for-Liberty-and-Justice-.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compassionandchoices.org&rft.atitle=A+Quick+Guide+to+Real+Religious+Liberty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.compassionandchoices.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F10%2FSupportive-Statement-Coalition-for-Liberty-and-Justice-.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108155151/http://endoflifewa.org/dwd/">"Death with Dignity Act – End of Life Washington"</a>. <i>Endoflifewa.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endoflifewa.org/dwd/">the original</a> on November 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Endoflifewa.org&rft.atitle=Death+with+Dignity+Act+%E2%80%93+End+of+Life+Washington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fendoflifewa.org%2Fdwd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oXEBqiO84PurRubHVhkkLA07Pm8HZVKzEg_tXD3xS91RDoJWuEWq4oqUfg9g/view">"10-22-13 GLMA Letter in Support of NJ Death with Dignity Act"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118042432/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oXEBqiO84PurRubHVhkkLA07Pm8HZVKzEg_tXD3xS91RDoJWuEWq4oqUfg9g/view">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=10-22-13+GLMA+Letter+in+Support+of+NJ+Death+with+Dignity+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1oXEBqiO84PurRubHVhkkLA07Pm8HZVKzEg_tXD3xS91RDoJWuEWq4oqUfg9g%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1AD4vpUAWYDZW1LQTRHR2VGWVE/view">"NASW.pdf"</a>. <i>Drive.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118042621/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1AD4vpUAWYDZW1LQTRHR2VGWVE/view">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Drive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drive.google.com&rft.atitle=NASW.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B1AD4vpUAWYDZW1LQTRHR2VGWVE%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.owl-national.org/Mothers_Day_Reports_files/OWL2010MothersDayReport.pdf">"End-of-Life Choices : Who Decides ?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Owl-national.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401044754/http://www.owl-national.org/Mothers_Day_Reports_files/OWL2010MothersDayReport.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Owl-national.org&rft.atitle=End-of-Life+Choices+%3A+Who+Decides+%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.owl-national.org%2FMothers_Day_Reports_files%2FOWL2010MothersDayReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oregonhospice.org/hospice-and-dwd/">"Hospice and DWD"</a>. <i>Oregonhospice.org</i>. May 5, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118042246/https://oregonhospice.org/hospice-and-dwd/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregonhospice.org&rft.atitle=Hospice+and+DWD&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foregonhospice.org%2Fhospice-and-dwd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://triagecancer.org/deathwithdignity">"Death with Dignity"</a>. <i>triagecancer.org</i>. March 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=triagecancer.org&rft.atitle=Death+with+Dignity&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftriagecancer.org%2Fdeathwithdignity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/physician-assisted-suicide">"Physician-Assisted Suicide"</a>. <i>American Medical Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706132032/https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/ethics/physician-assisted-suicide">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Physician-Assisted+Suicide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ama-assn.org%2Fdelivering-care%2Fethics%2Fphysician-assisted-suicide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAssisted+suicide+in+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregon.gov/oha/ph/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/ar-index.aspx">Official Oregon Health Authority page on the DWDA</a> with Annual Reports</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/death-dignity-act">Official Washington State Department of Health page on the DWDA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220904072807/https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/death-dignity-act">Archived</a> September 4, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with Annual Reports</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbs2.com/pas.pdf">Annotated Legal Cases on Physician-Assisted Suicide in the USA</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suicide_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Suicide in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Suicide in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suicide_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Suicide in the United States">Suicide in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Asian_Americans#Suicide" title="Mental health of Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans#Suicide" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Filipino_Americans#Suicide" title="Mental health of Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="Suicide in colleges in the United States">College students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_veteran_suicide" title="United States military veteran suicide">Military veterans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Suicide among Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teenage_suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Teenage suicide in the United States">Teenagers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Assisted suicide in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_suicides_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun suicides in the United States">Gun suicides in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Suicide_Prevention_Week" title="National Suicide Prevention Week">National Suicide Prevention Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Survivors_of_Suicide_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="National Survivors of Suicide Day">National Survivors of Suicide Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_legislation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide legislation in the United States">Suicide legislation in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trevor_Project" title="The Trevor Project">The Trevor Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Death" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Death" title="Template:Death"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Death" title="Template talk:Death"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Death" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Death"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Death" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cell_death" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cell_death" title="Cell death">Cell death</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">Necrosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avascular_necrosis" title="Avascular necrosis">Avascular necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coagulative_necrosis" title="Coagulative necrosis">Coagulative necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquefactive_necrosis" title="Liquefactive necrosis">Liquefactive necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangrene" title="Gangrene">Gangrenous necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caseous_necrosis" title="Caseous necrosis">Caseous necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_necrosis" title="Fat necrosis">Fat necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrinoid_necrosis" title="Fibrinoid necrosis">Fibrinoid necrosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe_necrosis" title="Temporal lobe necrosis">Temporal lobe necrosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmed_cell_death" title="Programmed cell death">Programmed cell death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activation-induced_cell_death" title="Activation-induced cell death">AICD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anoikis" title="Anoikis">Anoikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">Apoptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autophagy" title="Autophagy">Autophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_apoptosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrinsic apoptosis">Intrinsic apoptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necroptosis" title="Necroptosis">Necroptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraptosis" title="Paraptosis">Paraptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthanatos" title="Parthanatos">Parthanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenoptosis" title="Phenoptosis">Phenoptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoapoptosis" title="Pseudoapoptosis">Pseudoapoptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroptosis" title="Pyroptosis">Pyroptosis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autolysis_(biology)" title="Autolysis (biology)">Autolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoschizis" title="Autoschizis">Autoschizis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschar" title="Eschar">Eschar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunogenic_cell_death" title="Immunogenic cell death">Immunogenic cell death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ischemic_cell_death" title="Ischemic cell death">Ischemic cell death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyknosis" title="Pyknosis">Pyknosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyorrhexis" title="Karyorrhexis">Karyorrhexis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyolysis" title="Karyolysis">Karyolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitotic_catastrophe" title="Mitotic catastrophe">Mitotic catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_gene" title="Suicide gene">Suicide gene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accidental_death" title="Accidental death">Accidental death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">Autopsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_death" title="Brain death">Brain death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brainstem_death" title="Brainstem death">Brainstem death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_death" title="Clinical death">Clinical death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_on_arrival" title="Dead on arrival">DOA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_death" title="Manner of death">Death by natural causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_rattle" title="Death rattle">Death rattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysthanasia" title="Dysthanasia">Dysthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">End-of-life care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia" title="Euthanasia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_sign" title="Lazarus sign">Lazarus sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_syndrome" title="Lazarus syndrome">Lazarus syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_death#Medical_declaration" title="Legal death">Medical declaration of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_donation" title="Organ donation">Organ donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_illness" title="Terminal illness">Terminal illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_death" title="Manner of death">Unnatural death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Death-related_lists" title="Category:Death-related lists">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_causes_of_death_by_rate" title="List of causes of death by rate">Causes of death by rate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deaths_by_year" title="Lists of deaths by year">Notable deaths by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_expressions_related_to_death" class="mw-redirect" title="List of expressions related to death">Expressions related to death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_by_death_toll" title="List of natural disasters by death toll">Natural disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_cause_of_death" title="Lists of people by cause of death">People by cause of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premature_obituaries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of premature obituaries">Premature obituaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventable_causes_of_death" title="Preventable causes of death">Preventable causes of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unusual_deaths" class="mw-redirect" title="List of unusual deaths">Unusual deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ways_people_dishonor_the_dead" title="List of ways people dishonor the dead">List of ways people dishonor the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ways_people_honor_the_dead" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ways people honor the dead">List of ways people honor the dead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mortality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birthday_effect" title="Birthday effect">Birthday effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_mortality" title="Child mortality">Child mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excess_mortality" title="Excess mortality">Excess mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gompertz%E2%80%93Makeham_law_of_mortality" title="Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality">Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality" title="Infant mortality">Infant mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karoshi" title="Karoshi">Karoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_death" title="Maternal death">Maternal death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_mortality_in_fiction" title="Maternal mortality in fiction">Maternal mortality in fiction</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromort" title="Micromort">Micromort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">Mortality rate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Risk_adjusted_mortality_rate" title="Risk adjusted mortality rate">RAMR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortality_salience" title="Mortality salience">Mortality salience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinatal_mortality" title="Perinatal mortality">Perinatal mortality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After death</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><b><a href="/wiki/Cadaver" title="Cadaver">Body</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallor_mortis" title="Pallor mortis">Pallor mortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livor_mortis" title="Livor mortis">Livor mortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algor_mortis" title="Algor mortis">Algor mortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigor_mortis" title="Rigor mortis">Rigor mortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrefaction" title="Putrefaction">Putrefaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">Decomposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletonization" title="Skeletonization">Skeletonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">Fossilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryopreservation" title="Cryopreservation">Cryopreservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryonics" title="Cryonics">Cryonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropreservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuropreservation">Neuropreservation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embalming" title="Embalming">Embalming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maceration_(bone)" title="Maceration (bone)">Maceration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastination" title="Plastination">Plastination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosection" title="Prosection">Prosection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">Taxidermy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disposal_of_human_corpses" title="Disposal of human corpses">Disposal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_burial" title="Natural burial">Natural burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_burial" title="Sky burial">Sky burial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismemberment" title="Dismemberment">Dismemberment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excarnation" title="Excarnation">Excarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promession" title="Promession">Promession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_hydrolysis_(body_disposal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline hydrolysis (body disposal)">Resomation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beating_heart_cadaver" title="Beating heart cadaver">Beating heart cadaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_donation" title="Body donation">Body donation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadaveric_spasm" title="Cadaveric spasm">Cadaveric spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_birth" title="Coffin birth">Coffin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_erection" title="Death erection">Death erection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissection" title="Dissection">Dissection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbeting" title="Gibbeting">Gibbeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmortem_caloricity" title="Postmortem caloricity">Postmortem caloricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_interval" title="Post-mortem interval">Post-mortem interval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><b>Other aspects</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrion" title="Carrion">Carrion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_after_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Consciousness after death">Consciousness after death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukdam" title="Tukdam">Tukdam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Death_customs" title="Category:Death customs">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crematorium" title="Crematorium">Crematorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desecration_of_graves" class="mw-redirect" title="Desecration of graves">Desecration of graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_oblivion" title="Eternal oblivion">Eternal oblivion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_examiner" title="Medical examiner">Examination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grief" title="Grief">Grief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_the_Internet" title="Death and the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_midwife" title="Death midwife">Midwife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourning" title="Mourning">Mourning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_mourning" title="Online mourning">Online mourning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obituary" title="Obituary">Obituary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palingenesis" title="Palingenesis">Palingenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection" title="Resurrection">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underworld" title="Underworld">Underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigil" title="Vigil">Vigil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paranormal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-death_experience" title="Near-death experience">Near-death experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-death_studies" title="Near-death studies">Near-death studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necromancy" title="Necromancy">Necromancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-body_experience" title="Out-of-body experience">Out-of-body experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reincarnation_research" title="Template:Reincarnation research">Reincarnation research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9ance" title="Séance">Séance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_law" title="Abortion law">Abortion law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administration_(probate_law)" title="Administration (probate law)">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause_of_death" title="Cause of death">Cause of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_death" title="Civil death">Civil death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coroner" title="Coroner">Coroner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-qualified_jury" title="Death-qualified jury">Death-qualified jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_certificate" title="Death certificate">Death certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presumption_of_death" title="Presumption of death">Declared death <i>in absentia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_row" title="Death row">Death row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying_declaration" title="Dying declaration">Dying declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquest" title="Inquest">Inquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_death" title="Legal death">Legal death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necropolitics" title="Necropolitics">Necropolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_dying" title="Prohibition of dying">Prohibition of dying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_die" title="Right to die">Right to die</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspicious_death" title="Suspicious death">Suspicious death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(law)" title="Trust (law)">Trust law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_and_testament" title="Will and testament">Will</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Death_tech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Death tech (page does not exist)">Death tech</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Tech" class="extiw" title="pt:Death Tech">pt</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_pathology" title="Forensic pathology">Forensic pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_director" title="Funeral director">Funeral director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortuary_science" title="Mortuary science">Mortuary science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_death" title="Cell death">Necrobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_chemistry" title="Post-mortem chemistry">Post-mortem chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taphonomy" title="Taphonomy">Taphonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biostratinomy" title="Biostratinomy">Biostratinomy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatology" title="Thanatology">Thanatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apparent_death" title="Apparent death">Apparent death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_burial_money" title="Chinese burial money">Chinese burial money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_for_the_dead" title="Coins for the dead">Coins for the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_tourism" title="Dark tourism">Dark tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Awards" title="Darwin Awards">Darwin Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_culture" title="Death and culture">Death and culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_anniversary" title="Death anniversary">Death anniversary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_anxiety" title="Death anxiety">Death anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_death_deities" title="List of death deities">Death deity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Personification of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying-and-rising_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Dying-and-rising deity">Dying-and-rising god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">Psychopomp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">Death camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_drive" title="Death drive">Death drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_education" title="Death education">Death education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_from_laughter" title="Death from laughter">Death from laughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_hoax" title="Death hoax">Death hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_knell" title="Death knell">Death knell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_march" title="Death march">Death march</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_messenger" title="Death messenger">Death messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_notification" title="Death notification">Death notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_panel" title="Death panel">Death panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_poem" title="Death poem">Death poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opisthotonic_death_pose" title="Opisthotonic death pose">Death pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death-positive_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Death-positive movement">Death-positive movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">Death squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_threat" title="Death threat">Death threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_trajectory" title="Death trajectory">Death trajectory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignified_death" title="Dignified death">Dignified death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_the_Dead" title="Festival of the Dead">Festival of the Dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascination_with_death" title="Fascination with death">Fascination with death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_death" title="Hierarchy of death">Hierarchy of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">Homicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">Longevity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Death" title="Museum of Death">Museum of Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necronym" title="Necronym">Necronym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrophilia" title="Necrophilia">Necrophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necrophobia" title="Necrophobia">Necrophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_death" title="Philosophy of death">Philosophy of death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">Predation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">Suicide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_suicide" title="Assisted suicide">Assisted suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thanabot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thanabot (page does not exist)">Thanabot</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grief_bot" class="extiw" title="ca:Grief bot">ca</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatosensitivity" title="Thanatosensitivity">Thanatosensitivity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Death" title="Category:Death">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_death" title="Outline of death">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&oldid=1259207750">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&oldid=1259207750</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Assisted suicide in the United States">Assisted suicide in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palliative_care_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Palliative care in the United States">Palliative care in the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2022">Use mdy dates from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_January_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2020">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 23:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4d6jn","wgBackendResponseTime":217,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.487","walltime":"1.697","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7101,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":283381,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2778,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":441510,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1435.108 1 -total"," 64.92% 931.681 1 Template:Reflist"," 34.89% 500.760 84 Template:Cite_web"," 17.58% 252.251 24 Template:Cite_news"," 7.57% 108.647 1 Template:Map_of_legality_surrounding_assisted_suicide_in_the_US"," 6.64% 95.262 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.67% 81.368 5 Template:Navbox"," 4.76% 68.281 1 Template:Navbar"," 4.08% 58.502 3 Template:Fix"," 3.69% 52.960 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.938","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7876610,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-czj6x","timestamp":"20241123232233","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Assisted suicide in the United States","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4809082","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4809082","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-06-23T00:36:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T23:22:23Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/20\/Legality_of_Assisted_Suicide_in_the_US.svg","headline":"overview about the legality and popularity of assisted suicide in the United States"}</script> </body> </html>