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edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alaska_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alaska (disambiguation)">Alaska (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Alaskan" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alaskan (disambiguation)">Alaskan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>Alaska (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/əˈlæskə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/34\/En-us-Alaska.ogg\/En-us-Alaska.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Alaska.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/En-us-Alaska.ogg/En-us-Alaska.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Alaska.ogg" title="File:En-us-Alaska.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ə-LASS-kə</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Non-contiguous_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-contiguous United States">non-contiguous</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> on the northwest extremity of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a> region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. Alaska is also considered to be the northernmost, westernmost, and easternmost (the Aleutian Islands cross the <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a> into the eastern hemisphere) state in the United States. It borders the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Canadian territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> to the east. It shares a western maritime border, in the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a>, with Russia's <a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort</a> Seas of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> lie to the north, and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> lies to the south. Technically, it is a <a href="/wiki/Enclave_and_exclave" title="Enclave and exclave">semi-exclave</a> of the U.S., and is the largest exclave in the world. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Alaska</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><div style="padding-top:0.25em;">Alax̂sxax̂ (<a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut</a>) Alaaskaq (<a href="/wiki/Inupiaq_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiaq language">Inupiaq</a>) Alaskaq (<a href="/wiki/Central_Yupik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Yupik language">Central Yupik</a>) Anáaski (<a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a>) Alas'kaaq (<a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq</a>) Аля́ска (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>)</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of Alaska</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Alaska"><img alt="Flag of Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/125px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/188px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/250px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alaska" title="Flag of Alaska">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Alaska"><img alt="Official seal of Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="388"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Alaska" title="Seal of Alaska">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Last Frontier</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">North to the Future</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> <a href="/wiki/Alaska%27s_Flag" title="Alaska's Flag">Alaska's Flag</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="74" data-mwtitle="Alaskan_State_Anthem.mp3" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/8/8e/Alaskan_State_Anthem.mp3/Alaskan_State_Anthem.mp3.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8e/Alaskan_State_Anthem.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><track src="/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAlaskan_State_Anthem.mp3&lang=en&trackformat=vtt" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"></track></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_in_United_States_(US50)_(%2Bgrid)_(W3).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the United States with Alaska highlighted"><img alt="Map of the United States with Alaska highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alaska_in_United_States_%28US50%29_%28%2Bgrid%29_%28W3%29.svg/300px-Alaska_in_United_States_%28US50%29_%28%2Bgrid%29_%28W3%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alaska_in_United_States_%28US50%29_%28%2Bgrid%29_%28W3%29.svg/450px-Alaska_in_United_States_%28US50%29_%28%2Bgrid%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alaska_in_United_States_%28US50%29_%28%2Bgrid%29_%28W3%29.svg/600px-Alaska_in_United_States_%28US50%29_%28%2Bgrid%29_%28W3%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="532"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of the United States with Alaska highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory of Alaska</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">January 3, 1959; 65 years ago (1959-01-03) (49th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_metropolitan_area" title="Anchorage metropolitan area">Anchorage</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alaska">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunleavy_(politician)" title="Mike Dunleavy (politician)">Mike Dunleavy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alaska" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alaska">Lieutenant governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Dahlstrom" title="Nancy Dahlstrom">Nancy Dahlstrom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Legislature" title="Alaska State Legislature">Alaska State Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Senate" title="Alaska State Senate">State Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Dan Sullivan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Alaska" title="List of United States representatives from Alaska">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Peltola" title="Mary Peltola">Mary Peltola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Alaska" title="United States congressional delegations from Alaska">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">665,384<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> sq mi (1,723,337 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">586,412 square miles<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> sq mi (1,518,800 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">91,316 sq mi (236,507 km2) 13.77%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1,420 mi (2,285 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">2,261 mi (3,639 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,900 ft (580 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-3">[3]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,310 ft (6,190.5 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020<a href="#cite_note-2020_Population_and_Housing_State_Data-5">[5]</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">733,391</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">48th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1.10/sq mi (0.42/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">50th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$77,800<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">12th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Alaskan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ahtna_language" title="Ahtna language">Ahtna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dena%27ina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dena'ina language">Dena'ina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik language">Cup'ig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deg_Xinag_language" title="Deg Xinag language">Deg Xinag</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eyak_language" title="Eyak language">Eyak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in language">Gwich'in</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4n_language" title="Hän language">Hän</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holikachuk_language" title="Holikachuk language">Holikachuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inupiat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat language">Inupiaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Tanana_language" title="Lower Tanana language">Lower Tanana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Tanana_language" title="Lower Tanana language">Middle Tanana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Siberian_Yupik_language" title="Central Siberian Yupik language">St. Lawrence Island Yupik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanacross_language" title="Tanacross language">Tanacross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coast_Tsimshian_dialect" title="Coast Tsimshian dialect">Tsimshian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Unangax̂</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Kuskokwim_language" title="Upper Kuskokwim language">Upper Kuskokwim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Tanana_language" title="Upper Tanana language">Upper Tanana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik language">Yup'ik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsetsaut_language" title="Tsetsaut language">Wetał</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>English 86.3%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_languages" title="Alaska Native languages">Alaska Native languages</a> 5.2%</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> 3.4%</li> <li>Spanish 2.9%</li> <li>Others 2.2%</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">east of 169°30'</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9209:00" title="UTC−09:00">UTC−09:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alaska_Time_Zone" title="Alaska Time Zone">Alaska</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a> (AKDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">west of 169°30'</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9210:00" title="UTC−10:00">UTC−10:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hawaii%E2%80%93Aleutian_Time_Zone" title="Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone">Hawaii–Aleutian</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9209:00" title="UTC−09:00">UTC−09:00</a> (HADT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">AK</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-AK</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">51°20'N to 71°50'N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">130°W to 172°E</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alaska.gov">alaska.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Alaska</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_state_symbols" title="List of Alaska state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/250px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/375px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/500px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alaska" title="Flag of Alaska">Flag of Alaska</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/225px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_State_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="388"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Alaska" title="Seal of Alaska">Seal of Alaska</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Willow_ptarmigan" title="Willow ptarmigan">Willow ptarmigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dog breed</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Malamute" title="Alaskan Malamute">Alaskan Malamute</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinook_salmon" title="Chinook salmon">King salmon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Forget-me-not" class="mw-redirect" title="Forget-me-not">Forget-me-not</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Insect</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Libellulidae" title="Libellulidae">Four-spot skimmer dragonfly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mammal</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Land: <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose</a></li><li>Marine: <a href="/wiki/Bowhead_whale" title="Bowhead whale">Bowhead whale</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sitka_Spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitka Spruce">Sitka Spruce</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fossil</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Woolly_Mammoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolly Mammoth">Woolly Mammoth</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gemstone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mineral</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mushing" title="Mushing">Dog mushing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">State route marker</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_2_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Alaska_2_shield.svg/85px-Alaska_2_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Alaska_2_shield.svg/128px-Alaska_2_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Alaska_2_shield.svg/170px-Alaska_2_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384"></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_AK_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaska quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Alaska quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2008_AK_Proof.png/85px-2008_AK_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2008_AK_Proof.png/127px-2008_AK_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2008_AK_Proof.png/169px-2008_AK_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1069"></a><div>Released in 2008</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 265px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 265px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="265" data-height="200" data-zoom="2" data-lat="64.833333333333" data-lon="-147.71666666667" data-overlays='["_359341091129194072cb70317db5a75154bf7499"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/2/64.833333333333/-147.71666666667/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,2,64.833333333333,-147.71666666667,265x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Alaska&revid=1259094828&groups=_359341091129194072cb70317db5a75154bf7499" width="265" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,2,64.833333333333,-147.71666666667,265x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Alaska&revid=1259094828&groups=_359341091129194072cb70317db5a75154bf7499 2x" alt="Map"></a><div class="thumbcaption">Interactive map showing border of Alaska (click to zoom)</div></div></div> Alaska is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">largest U.S. state</a> by area, comprising more total area than the following three largest states of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> combined, and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country subdivisions by area">seventh-largest subnational division in the world</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">third-least populous</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population density">most sparsely populated</a> U.S. state, but is, with a population of 736,081 as of <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>, the continent's most populous territory located mostly north of the <a href="/wiki/60th_parallel_north" title="60th parallel north">60th parallel</a>, with more than quadruple the combined populations of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-6">[6]</a> The state contains the four <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_area" title="List of United States cities by area">largest cities in the United States by area</a>, including the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>. The state's most populous city is <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>, and approximately half of Alaska's residents live within <a href="/wiki/Anchorage_metropolitan_area" title="Anchorage metropolitan area">its metropolitan area</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Indigenous people</a> have lived in Alaska for thousands of years, and it is widely believed that the region served as <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement of the Americas">the entry point for the initial settlement</a> of North America by way of the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> was the first to actively <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonize</a> the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a>, which spanned most of the current state and promoted and maintained a native <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Creole_people" title="Alaskan Creole people">Alaskan Creole</a> population.<a href="#cite_note-lydiablack-7">[7]</a> The expense and logistical difficulty of maintaining this distant possession prompted <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">its sale to the U.S.</a> in 1867 for US$7.2 million (equivalent to $157 million in 2023). The area went through several administrative changes before becoming organized as a <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territory</a> on May 11, 1912. It was admitted as the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Abundant natural resources have enabled Alaska— with one of the smallest state economies—to have one of the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by GDP per capita">per capita incomes</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing_in_Alaska" title="Commercial fishing in Alaska">commercial fishing</a>, and the extraction of <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Alaska" title="Natural gas in Alaska">natural gas</a> and oil, dominating <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alaska" title="Economy of Alaska">Alaska's economy</a>. U.S. Armed Forces bases and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in Alaska">tourism</a> also contribute to the economy; more than half of the state is federally-owned land containing <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">national forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_United_States" title="List of national parks of the United States">national parks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_wildlife_refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="National wildlife refuge">wildlife refuges</a>. It is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_religiosity" title="List of U.S. states and territories by religiosity">most irreligious states</a>, one of the first <a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_Measure_2" title="2014 Alaska Measure 2">to legalize recreational marijuana</a>, and is known for its <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">libertarian-leaning</a> political culture, generally supporting the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> in national elections. The Indigenous population of Alaska is proportionally the second highest of any U.S. state, at over 15 percent, after only Hawaii.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology">1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Pre-colonization">2.1 Pre-colonization</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Colonization">2.2 Colonization</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#U.S._territorial_incorporation">2.3 U.S. territorial incorporation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Statehood">2.4 Statehood</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Good_Friday_earthquake">2.5 Good Friday earthquake</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Oil_boom">2.6 Oil boom</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Regions">3.1 Regions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#South_Central">3.1.1 South Central</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Southeast">3.1.2 Southeast</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Interior">3.1.3 Interior</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#North_Slope">3.1.4 North Slope</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Southwest">3.1.5 Southwest</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="#Aleutian_Islands">3.1.6 Aleutian Islands</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Land_ownership">3.2 Land ownership</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Alaska_Heritage_Resources_Survey">3.3 Alaska Heritage Resources Survey</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Cities,_towns_and_boroughs">3.4 Cities, towns and boroughs</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Cities_and_census-designated_places_(by_population)">3.4.1 Cities and census-designated places (by population)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Climate">3.5 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Fauna">3.6 Fauna</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Race_and_ethnicity">4.1 Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Languages">4.2 Languages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Religion">4.3 Religion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Energy">5.1 Energy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="#Permanent_Fund">5.1.1 Permanent Fund</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Cost_of_living">5.2 Cost of living</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Agriculture_and_fishing">5.3 Agriculture and fishing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#Culture">6 Culture</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Music">6.1 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Film_and_television">6.2 Film and television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Sports">6.3 Sports</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Anchorage">6.3.1 Anchorage</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-37"><a href="#Venues">6.3.1.1 Venues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-38"><a href="#Teams">6.3.1.2 Teams</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-39"><a href="#Events">6.3.1.3 Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#Fairbanks">6.3.2 Fairbanks</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-41"><a href="#Venues_2">6.3.2.1 Venues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-42"><a href="#Teams_2">6.3.2.2 Teams</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-43"><a href="#Events_2">6.3.2.3 Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-44"><a href="#Elsewhere">6.3.3 Elsewhere</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-45"><a href="#Teams_3">6.3.3.1 Teams</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-46"><a href="#Events_3">6.3.3.2 Events</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-5 tocsection-47"><a href="#Dog_mushing">6.3.3.2.1 Dog mushing</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#Public_health_and_safety">7 Public health and safety</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#Health_insurance">7.1 Health insurance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#Hospitals">7.2 Hospitals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-51"><a href="#Education">8 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Transportation">9 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Road">9.1 Road</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54"><a href="#Rail">9.2 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55"><a href="#Sea">9.3 Sea</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Air">9.4 Air</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="#Snow">9.5 Snow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58"><a href="#Communication">10 Communication</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-59"><a href="#Law_and_government">11 Law and government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60"><a href="#State_government">11.1 State government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-61"><a href="#State_politics">11.2 State politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#Voter_registration">11.3 Voter registration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Taxes">11.4 Taxes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Federal_politics">11.5 Federal politics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Elections">11.6 Elections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-66"><a href="#See_also">12 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-67"><a href="#Notes">13 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-68"><a href="#References">14 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-69"><a href="#External_links">15 External links</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-70"><a href="#U.S._federal_government">15.1 U.S. federal government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-71"><a href="#Alaska_state_government">15.2 Alaska state government</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The name "Alaska" (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Аля́ска, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Aljáska) was introduced during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian colonial period</a> when it was used to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a>. It was derived from an <a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Aleut-language</a> <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiom</a>, alaxsxaq, meaning "the mainland" or, more literally, "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed".<a href="#cite_note-Aleut-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bright-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Alaska" title="Prehistory of Alaska">Prehistory of Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Alaska" title="History of Alaska">History of Alaska</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonization">Pre-colonization</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-colonization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a></div>Numerous indigenous peoples occupied Alaska for thousands of years before the arrival of European peoples to the area. Linguistic and DNA studies done here have provided evidence for the settlement of North America by way of the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River site</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Tanana_Valley" title="Tanana Valley">Tanana Valley</a> in Alaska, remains of a six-week-old infant were found. The baby's DNA showed that she belonged to a population that was genetically separate from other native groups present elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>. Ben Potter, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska Fairbanks</a> archaeologist who unearthed the remains at the Upward Sun River site in 2013, named this new group <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tlingit people">Tlingit people</a> developed a society with a <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> kinship system of property inheritance and descent in what is today Southeast Alaska, along with parts of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>. Also in Southeast were the <a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a>, now well known for their unique arts. The <a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a> people came to Alaska from British Columbia in 1887, when President <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a>, and later the U.S. Congress, granted them permission to settle on <a href="/wiki/Annette_Island" title="Annette Island">Annette Island</a> and found the town of <a href="/wiki/Metlakatla,_Alaska" title="Metlakatla, Alaska">Metlakatla, Alaska</a>. All three of these peoples, as well as other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast</a>, experienced <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> outbreaks from the late 18th through the mid-<a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, with the most devastating <a href="/wiki/Epidemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemics">epidemics</a> occurring in the 1830s and 1860s, resulting in high fatalities and social disruption.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonization">Colonization</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Colonization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Creole_people" title="Alaskan Creole people">Alaskan Creole people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Department of Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">District of Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Gold_Rush" title="Fairbanks Gold Rush">Fairbanks Gold Rush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobuk_River_Stampede" title="Kobuk River Stampede">Kobuk River Stampede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nome_Gold_Rush" title="Nome Gold Rush">Nome Gold Rush</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg/220px-Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1374"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg/220px-Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg/330px-Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg/440px-Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Russian settlement of St. Paul's Harbor (present-day <a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak town</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak Island</a>, 1814</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg/220px-Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1994"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg/220px-Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg/330px-Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg/440px-Miners_climb_Chilkoot.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Miners and prospectors climb the <a href="/wiki/Chilkoot_Trail" title="Chilkoot Trail">Chilkoot Trail</a> during the 1898 <a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike Gold Rush</a>.</figcaption></figure> Some researchers believe the first Russian settlement in Alaska was established in the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> According to this hypothesis, in 1648 several <a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">koches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Semyon Dezhnyov">Semyon Dezhnyov</a>'s expedition came ashore in Alaska by storm and founded this settlement. This hypothesis is based on the testimony of <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_people" title="Chukchi people">Chukchi</a> geographer Nikolai Daurkin, who had visited Alaska in 1764–1765 and who had reported on a village on the Kheuveren River, populated by "bearded men" who "pray to the <a href="/wiki/Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a>". Some modern researchers associate Kheuveren with <a href="/wiki/Koyuk_River" title="Koyuk River">Koyuk River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The first European vessel to reach Alaska is generally held to be the St. Gabriel under the authority of the surveyor <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gvozdev" title="Mikhail Gvozdev">M. S. Gvozdev</a> and assistant navigator <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a> on August 21, 1732, during an expedition of Siberian Cossack A. F. Shestakov and Russian explorer <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Pavlutsky" title="Dmitry Pavlutsky">Dmitry Pavlutsky</a> (1729–1735).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Another European contact with Alaska occurred in 1741, when <a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Vitus Bering</a> led an <a href="/wiki/Second_Kamchatka_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Kamchatka expedition">expedition</a> for the Russian Navy aboard the St. Peter. After his crew returned to Russia with <a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">sea otter</a> pelts judged to be the finest fur in the world, small associations of <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur traders</a> began to sail from the shores of Siberia toward the Aleutian Islands. The first permanent European settlement was founded in 1784. Between 1774 and 1800, <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Spain</a> sent several <a href="/wiki/Spanish_expeditions_to_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest">expeditions to Alaska</a> to assert its claim over the Pacific Northwest. In 1789, a Spanish settlement and <a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Miguel" title="Fort San Miguel">fort</a> were built in <a href="/wiki/Nootka_Sound" title="Nootka Sound">Nootka Sound</a>. These expeditions gave names to places such as <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucareli_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucareli Sound">Bucareli Sound</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova</a>. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Russian-American_Company" title="Russian-American Company">Russian-American Company</a> carried out an expanded colonization program during the early-to-mid-19th century. <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>, renamed <a href="/wiki/New_Archangel" class="mw-redirect" title="New Archangel">New Archangel</a> from 1804 to 1867, on <a href="/wiki/Baranof_Island" title="Baranof Island">Baranof Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipelago" title="Alexander Archipelago">Alexander Archipelago</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">Southeast Alaska</a>, became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian America</a>. It remained the capital after the colony was transferred to the United States. The Russians never fully colonized Alaska, and the colony was never very profitable. Evidence of Russian settlement in names and churches survives throughout southeastern Alaska. In 1867, <a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">William H. Seward</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a> (referred to pejoratively as Seward's Folly) with the Russians for $7.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Russia's contemporary ruler <a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia" title="Alexander II of Russia">Alexander II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_Russian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor of the Russian Empire">Emperor of the Russian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Finland" title="Grand Duke of Finland">Grand Duke of Finland</a>, also planned the sale;<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> the purchase was made on March 30, 1867. Six months later the commissioners arrived in Sitka and the formal transfer was arranged; the formal flag-raising took place at Fort Sitka on October 18, 1867. In the ceremony, 250 uniformed U.S. soldiers marched to the governor's house at "Castle Hill", where the Russian troops lowered the Russian flag and the U.S. flag was raised. This event is celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Day" title="Alaska Day">Alaska Day</a>, a legal holiday on October 18. Alaska was loosely governed by the military initially and was administered as a <a href="/wiki/District_of_Alaska" title="District of Alaska">district</a> starting in 1884, with a governor appointed by the United States president. A federal <a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">district court</a> was headquartered in Sitka. For most of Alaska's first decade under the United States flag, Sitka was the only community inhabited by American settlers. They organized a "provisional city government", which was Alaska's first municipal government, but not in a legal sense.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Legislation allowing Alaskan communities to legally <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporate as cities</a> did not come about until 1900, and <a href="/wiki/Home_rule#Home_rule_in_the_United_States" title="Home rule">home rule</a> for cities was extremely limited or unavailable until statehood took effect in 1959. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._territorial_incorporation">U.S. territorial incorporation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: U.S. territorial incorporation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Organic_act#List_of_organic_acts" title="Organic act">Organic act § List of organic acts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Alaska" title="Territory of Alaska">Territory of Alaska</a></div> Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes in Alaska and the nearby Yukon Territory brought thousands of miners and settlers to Alaska. From 1879 to 1920, Alaska produced a cumulative total of over $460,000,000 ($6,691,927,500 inflation-adjusted) of mineral production.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Alaska was officially incorporated as an organized territory in 1912. Alaska's capital, which had been in Sitka until 1906, was moved north to <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>. Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Alaska Governor's Mansion">Alaska Governor's Mansion</a> began that same year. European immigrants from Norway and Sweden also settled in southeast Alaska, where they entered the fishing and logging industries. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg/220px-US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="337"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 211px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg/220px-US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="211" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg/330px-US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/US_troops_at_the_Battle_of_Attu.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>U.S. troops navigate snow and ice during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a> in May 1943.</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian Islands Campaign">Aleutian Islands Campaign</a> focused on <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agattu" title="Agattu">Agattu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiska_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiska Island">Kiska</a>, all of which were occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[a]</a> During the Japanese occupation, an American civilian and two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> personnel were killed at Attu and Kiska respectively, and nearly a total of 50 Aleut civilians and eight sailors were interned in Japan. About half of the Aleuts died during the period of internment.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Unalaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Unalaska">Unalaska</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dutch_Harbor" title="Dutch Harbor">Dutch Harbor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adak,_Alaska" title="Adak, Alaska">Adak</a> became significant bases for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> and United States Navy. The United States <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> program involved flying American warplanes through Canada to <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a>; Soviet pilots took possession of these aircraft, ferrying them to fight the German invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. The construction of military bases contributed to the population growth of some Alaskan cities. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood">Statehood</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Statehood" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg/170px-Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg/170px-Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg/255px-Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg/340px-Alaskan_Senators_with_49_Star_Flag.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bartlett" title="Bob Bartlett">Bob Bartlett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gruening" title="Ernest Gruening">Ernest Gruening</a>, Alaska's inaugural U.S. Senators, hold the 49 star U.S. Flag after the admission of Alaska as the 49th state.</figcaption></figure> Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of <a href="/wiki/James_Wickersham" title="James Wickersham">James Wickersham</a> early in his tenure as a congressional delegate.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. Statehood supporters also found themselves fighting major battles against political foes, mostly in the U.S. Congress but also within Alaska. Statehood was approved by the U.S. Congress on July 7, 1958; Alaska was officially proclaimed a state on January 3, 1959.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Good_Friday_earthquake">Good Friday earthquake</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Good Friday earthquake" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1964_Alaska_earthquake" title="1964 Alaska earthquake">1964 Alaska earthquake</a></div> On March 27, 1964, the massive <a href="/wiki/1964_Alaska_earthquake" title="1964 Alaska earthquake">Good Friday earthquake</a> killed 133 people and destroyed several villages and portions of large coastal communities, mainly by the resultant <a href="/wiki/Tsunamis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsunamis">tsunamis</a> and landslides. It was the <a href="/wiki/Largest_earthquakes_by_magnitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest earthquakes by magnitude">fourth-most-powerful earthquake</a> in recorded history, with a <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">moment magnitude</a> of 9.2 (more than a thousand times as powerful as the <a href="/wiki/1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake" title="1989 Loma Prieta earthquake">1989 San Francisco earthquake</a>).<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> The time of day (5:36 pm), time of year (spring) and location of the <a href="/wiki/Epicenter" title="Epicenter">epicenter</a> were all cited as factors in potentially sparing thousands of lives, particularly in Anchorage. Alaska suffered a more severe <a href="/wiki/Megathrust_earthquake" title="Megathrust earthquake">megathrust earthquake</a> on July 11, 1585, estimated at magnitude 9.25, which remains the most powerful earthquake recorded in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North American</a> history, and the second <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_earthquakes#Largest_earthquakes_by_magnitude" title="Lists of earthquakes">most powerful earthquake recorded</a> in world history. The Good Friday earthquake lasted 4 minutes and 38 seconds. Six hundred miles (970 km) of fault ruptured at once and moved up to 60 ft (18 m), releasing about 500 years of stress buildup. <a href="/wiki/Soil_liquefaction" title="Soil liquefaction">Soil liquefaction</a>, fissures, landslides, and other ground failures caused major structural damage in several communities and much damage to property. <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a> sustained great destruction or damage to many inadequately <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">earthquake-engineered</a> houses, buildings, and infrastructure (paved streets, sidewalks, water and sewer mains, electrical systems, and other human-made equipment), particularly in the several landslide zones along <a href="/wiki/Knik_Arm" title="Knik Arm">Knik Arm</a>. Two hundred miles (320 km) southwest, some areas near <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak</a> were permanently raised by 30 feet (9 m). Southeast of Anchorage, areas around the head of <a href="/wiki/Turnagain_Arm" title="Turnagain Arm">Turnagain Arm</a> near <a href="/wiki/Girdwood,_Anchorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Girdwood, Anchorage">Girdwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portage_(Anchorage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portage (Anchorage)">Portage</a> dropped as much as 8 feet (2.4 m), requiring reconstruction and fill to raise the <a href="/wiki/Seward_Highway" title="Seward Highway">Seward Highway</a> above the new high <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tide</a> mark. In <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Sound" title="Prince William Sound">Prince William Sound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Valdez" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Valdez">Port Valdez</a> suffered a massive underwater landslide, resulting in the deaths of 32 people between the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a> city harbor and docks, and inside the ship that was docked there at the time. Nearby, a 27-foot (8.2 m) tsunami destroyed the village of <a href="/wiki/Chenega,_Alaska" title="Chenega, Alaska">Chenega</a>, killing 23 of the 68 people who lived there; survivors out-ran the wave, climbing to high ground. Post-quake tsunamis severely affected <a href="/wiki/Whittier,_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a>, Kodiak, and other Alaskan communities, as well as people and property in British Columbia, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> Tsunamis also caused damage in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. Evidence of motion directly related to the earthquake was also reported from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. Alaska had never experienced a major disaster in a highly populated area before and had very limited resources for dealing with the effects of such an event. In Anchorage, at the urging of geologist <a href="/wiki/Lidia_Selkregg" title="Lidia Selkregg">Lidia Selkregg</a>, the City of Anchorage and the Alaska State Housing Authority appointed a team of 40 scientists, including geologists, soil scientists, and engineers, to assess the damage done by the earthquake to the city.<a href="#cite_note-:0a-30">[29]</a> The team, called the Engineering and Geological Evaluation Group, was headed by <a href="/wiki/Ruth_A._M._Schmidt" title="Ruth A. M. Schmidt">Ruth A. M. Schmidt</a>, a geology professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Anchorage" title="University of Alaska Anchorage">University of Alaska Anchorage</a>. The team of scientists came into conflict with local developers and downtown business owners who wanted to immediately rebuild; the scientists wanted to identify future dangers to ensure that the rebuilt infrastructure would be safe.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> The team produced a report on May 8, 1964, just a little more than a month after the earthquake.<a href="#cite_note-:0a-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> The United States military, which has a large active presence in Alaska, also stepped in to assist within moments of the end of the quake. The U.S. Army rapidly re-established communications with the lower 48 states, deployed troops to assist the citizens of Anchorage, and dispatched a convoy to Valdez.<a href="#cite_note-Hand-33">[32]</a> On the advice of military and civilian leaders, President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> declared all of Alaska a major disaster area the day after the quake. The U.S. Navy and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a> deployed ships to isolated coastal communities to assist with immediate needs. Bad weather and poor visibility hampered air rescue and observation efforts the day after the quake, but on Sunday the 29th the situation improved and rescue helicopters and observation aircraft were deployed.<a href="#cite_note-Hand-33">[32]</a> A military airlift immediately began shipping relief supplies to Alaska, eventually delivering 2,570,000 pounds (1,170,000 kg) of food and other supplies.<a href="#cite_note-Galvin-34">[33]</a> Broadcast journalist, <a href="/wiki/Genie_Chance" title="Genie Chance">Genie Chance</a>, assisted in recovery and relief efforts, staying on the <a href="/wiki/KENI" title="KENI">KENI</a> air waves over Anchorage for more than 24 continuous hours as the voice of calm from her temporary post within the Anchorage Public Safety Building.<a href="#cite_note-:2-35">[34]</a> She was effectively designated as the public safety officer by the city's police chief.<a href="#cite_note-:2-35">[34]</a> Chance provided breaking news of the catastrophic events that continued to develop following the magnitude 9.2 earthquake, and she served as the voice of the public safety office, coordinating response efforts, connecting available resources to needs around the community, disseminating information about shelters and prepared food rations, passing messages of well-being between loved ones, and helping to reunite families.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> In the longer term, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a> led the effort to rebuild roads, clear debris, and establish new townsites for communities that had been completely destroyed, at a cost of $110 million.<a href="#cite_note-Galvin-34">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_and_Alaska_Tsunami_Warning_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center">West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center</a> was formed as a direct response to the disaster. Federal disaster relief funds paid for reconstruction as well as financially supporting the devastated infrastructure of Alaska's government, spending hundreds of millions of dollars that helped keep Alaska financially solvent until the discovery of massive oil deposits at <a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Prudhoe Bay">Prudhoe Bay</a>. At the order of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Defense Department</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska National Guard">Alaska National Guard</a> founded the Alaska Division of Emergency Services to respond to any future disasters.<a href="#cite_note-Hand-33">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_boom">Oil boom</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Oil boom" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The 1968 discovery of oil at Prudhoe Bay and the 1977 completion of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline System">Trans-Alaska Pipeline System</a> led to an oil boom. Royalty revenues from oil have funded large state budgets from 1980 onward. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg/220px-OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="252"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg/220px-OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg/330px-OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Oil pooled on rocks on the shore of Prince William Sound after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.</figcaption></figure> Oil production was not the only economic value of Alaska's land. In the second half of the 20th century, Alaska discovered <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> as an important source of revenue. Tourism became popular after World War II when military personnel stationed in the region returned home praising its natural splendor. The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Highway" title="Alaska Highway">Alcan Highway</a>, built during the war, and the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Marine_Highway" title="Alaska Marine Highway">Alaska Marine Highway System</a>, completed in 1963, made the state more accessible than before. Tourism has become increasingly important in Alaska, and today over 1.4 million people visit the state each year.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> With tourism more vital to the economy, <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalism</a> also rose in importance. The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_National_Interest_Lands_Conservation_Act" title="Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act">Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act</a> (ANILCA) of 1980 added 53.7 million acres (217,000 km2) to the <a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuge system</a>, parts of 25 rivers to the <a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers system</a>, 3.3 million acres (13,000 km2) to <a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forest lands</a>, and 43.6 million acres (176,000 km2) to <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park land</a>. Because of the Act, Alaska now contains two-thirds of all American national parklands. Today, more than half of Alaskan land is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez" title="Exxon Valdez">Exxon Valdez</a> hit a reef in the Prince William Sound, <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill">spilling</a> more than 11 million gallons (42 megalitres) of crude oil over 1,100 miles (1,800 km) of coastline. Today, the battle between philosophies of development and conservation is seen in the contentious debate over oil drilling in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a> and the proposed <a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mine" title="Pebble Mine">Pebble Mine</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Alaska" title="Geography of Alaska">Geography of Alaska</a></div> Located at the northwest corner of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States, but also has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a> extend into the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Alaska is the only non-<a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous</a> U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of Canadian territory consisting of <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>) separates Alaska from <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. It is technically part of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental U.S.</a>, but is not usually included in the colloquial use of the term; Alaska is not part of the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous U.S.</a>, often called "<a href="/wiki/Outside_(Alaska)" title="Outside (Alaska)">the Lower 48</a>". The capital city, <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system. The largest lake in Alaska is <a href="/wiki/Iliamna_Lake" title="Iliamna Lake">Lake Illiamna</a>. The state is bordered by Canada's <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> to the east (making it the only state to border only a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Canadian territory</a>); the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a> and the Pacific Ocean to the south and southwest; the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a> to the west; and the Arctic Ocean to the north. Alaska's territorial waters touch Russia's territorial waters in the Bering Strait, as the Russian <a href="/wiki/Big_Diomede_Island" title="Big Diomede Island">Big Diomede Island</a> and Alaskan <a href="/wiki/Little_Diomede_Island" title="Little Diomede Island">Little Diomede Island</a> are only 3 miles (4.8 km) apart. Alaska has a longer coastline than all the other U.S. states combined.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg/220px-Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="758"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg/220px-Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg/330px-Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg/440px-Alaska_area_compared_to_conterminous_US.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Alaska's size compared with the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">48 contiguous states</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albers_projection" title="Albers projection">Albers equal-area conic projection</a>)</figcaption></figure> At 663,268 square miles (1,717,856 km2) in total area, Alaska is by far the largest state in the United States. Alaska is more than twice the size of the second-largest U.S. state (Texas), and it is larger than the next three largest states (Texas, California, and Montana) combined. Alaska is the seventh <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_country_subdivisions_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the largest country subdivisions by area">largest subnational division in the world</a>. If it was an independent nation, it would be the 18th largest country in the world; almost the same size as <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>. With its myriad of islands, Alaska has nearly 34,000 miles (55,000 km) of tidal shoreline. The Aleutian Islands chain extends west from the southern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a>. Many active <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanoes</a> are found in the Aleutians and in coastal regions. <a href="/wiki/Unimak_Island" title="Unimak Island">Unimak Island</a>, for example, is home to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Shishaldin" title="Mount Shishaldin">Mount Shishaldin</a>, which is an occasionally smoldering volcano that rises to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) above the North Pacific. The chain of volcanoes extends to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Spurr" title="Mount Spurr">Mount Spurr</a>, west of Anchorage on the mainland. Geologists have identified Alaska as part of <a href="/wiki/Wrangellia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrangellia">Wrangellia</a>, a large region consisting of multiple states and Canadian provinces in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>, which is actively undergoing <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">continent building</a>. One of the world's largest tides occurs in <a href="/wiki/Turnagain_Arm" title="Turnagain Arm">Turnagain Arm</a>, just south of Anchorage, where tidal differences can be more than 35 feet (10.7 m).<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Alaska has more than 409,000 natural <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a> at least one <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectare</a> or bigger.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marshland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshland">Marshlands</a> and wetland <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> cover 188,320 square miles (487,700 km2) (mostly in northern, western and southwest flatlands). Glacier ice covers about 28,957 square miles (75,000 km2) of Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bering_Glacier" title="Bering Glacier">Bering Glacier</a> is the largest glacier in North America, covering 2,008 square miles (5,200 km2) alone.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Regions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> There are no officially defined borders demarcating the various regions of Alaska, but there are five/six regions that the state is most commonly broken up into: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Central">South Central</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: South Central" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central Alaska">South Central Alaska</a></div> The most populous region of Alaska contains <a href="/wiki/Anchorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage">Anchorage</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Matanuska-Susitna_Valley" title="Matanuska-Susitna Valley">Matanuska-Susitna Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a>. Rural, mostly unpopulated areas south of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Range" title="Alaska Range">Alaska Range</a> and west of the <a href="/wiki/Wrangell_Mountains" title="Wrangell Mountains">Wrangell Mountains</a> also fall within the definition of South Central, as do the <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Sound" title="Prince William Sound">Prince William Sound</a> area and the communities of <a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cities-45">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southeast">Southeast</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Southeast" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">Southeast Alaska</a></div> Also referred to as the Panhandle or <a href="/wiki/Inside_Passage" title="Inside Passage">Inside Passage</a>, this is the region of Alaska closest to the contiguous states. As such, this was where most of the initial non-indigenous settlement occurred in the years following the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">Alaska Purchase</a>. The region is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Archipelago" title="Alexander Archipelago">Alexander Archipelago</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Tongass_National_Forest" title="Tongass National Forest">Tongass National Forest</a>, the largest national forest in the United States. It contains the state capital <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>, the former capital <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ketchikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketchikan">Ketchikan</a>, at one time Alaska's largest city.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Marine_Highway" title="Alaska Marine Highway">Alaska Marine Highway</a> provides a vital surface transportation link throughout the area and country, as only three communities (<a href="/wiki/Haines,_Alaska" title="Haines, Alaska">Haines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyder,_Alaska" title="Hyder, Alaska">Hyder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a>) enjoy direct connections to the contiguous North American road system.<a href="#cite_note-DOT_Document-47">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interior">Interior</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Interior" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Interior">Alaska Interior</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg/220px-Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="303"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg/220px-Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg/330px-Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg/440px-Denali_Mt_McKinley.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a> is the highest peak in North America</figcaption></figure> The Interior is the largest region of Alaska; much of it is uninhabited wilderness. <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a> is the only large city in the region. <a href="/wiki/Denali_National_Park_and_Preserve" title="Denali National Park and Preserve">Denali National Park and Preserve</a> is located here. <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a>, formerly Mount McKinley, is the highest mountain in North America and is also located here. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_Slope">North Slope</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: North Slope" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_North_Slope" title="Alaska North Slope">Alaska North Slope</a></div> The North Slope is mostly <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> peppered with small villages. The area is known for its massive reserves of crude oil and contains both the <a href="/wiki/National_Petroleum_Reserve%E2%80%93Alaska" title="National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska">National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_Oil_Field" title="Prudhoe Bay Oil Field">Prudhoe Bay Oil Field</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> The city of <a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a>, formerly known as Barrow, is the northernmost city in the United States and is located here. The <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Arctic_Borough,_Alaska" title="Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska">Northwest Arctic area</a>, anchored by <a href="/wiki/Kotzebue,_Alaska" title="Kotzebue, Alaska">Kotzebue</a> and also containing the <a href="/wiki/Kobuk_River" title="Kobuk River">Kobuk River</a> valley, is often considered part of this region. The respective <a href="/wiki/Inupiat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat people">Inupiat</a> of the North Slope and of the Northwest Arctic seldom consider themselves to be one people.<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southwest">Southwest</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Southwest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Alaska" title="Southwest Alaska">Southwest Alaska</a></div>Southwest Alaska is a sparsely inhabited region stretching some 500 miles (800 km) inland from the Bering Sea. Most of the population lives along the coast. <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak Island</a> is also located in the Southwest. The massive <a href="/wiki/Yukon%E2%80%93Kuskokwim_Delta" title="Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta">Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta</a>, one of the largest river deltas in the world, is here. Portions of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Peninsula" title="Alaska Peninsula">Alaska Peninsula</a> are considered part of the Southwest, with the Aleutian Islands often (but not always) being grouped in as well. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aleutian_Islands">Aleutian Islands</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Aleutian Islands" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="447" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="1007"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 447px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/220px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="447" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png/440px-Aleutian_Islands_with_180th_meridian_and_International_Date_Line_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Although entirely east of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> (the triangular kink in the line was agreed upon the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Purchase" title="Alaska Purchase">U.S. acquisition of Alaska</a>), the Aleutian Islands cross the <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180th meridian</a>, such that they contain both the westernmost (<a href="/wiki/Amatignak_Island" title="Amatignak Island">Amatignak</a>) and the easternmost (<a href="/wiki/Semisopochnoi_Island" title="Semisopochnoi Island">Semisopochnoi</a>.) points in the United States.</figcaption></figure> While primarily part of Southwest Alaska when grouped economically, the Aleutian islands are sometimes recognized as an alternate group from the rest of the region due to the geographic separation from the continent. More than 300 small volcanic islands make up this chain, which stretches more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km) into the Pacific Ocean. Some of these islands fall in the Eastern Hemisphere, but the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> was drawn west of <a href="/wiki/180th_meridian" title="180th meridian">180°</a> to keep the whole state, and thus the entire North American continent, within the same legal day. Two of the islands, <a href="/wiki/Attu_Island" title="Attu Island">Attu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiska" title="Kiska">Kiska</a>, were occupied by Japanese forces during World War II. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_ownership">Land ownership</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Land ownership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to an October 1998 report by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Land_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Bureau of Land Management">United States Bureau of Land Management</a>, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. federal government</a> as public lands, including a multitude of <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Forest">national forests</a>, national parks, and <a href="/wiki/National_wildlife_refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="National wildlife refuge">national wildlife refuges</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Of these, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> manages 87 million acres (35 million hectares), or 23.8% of the state. The <a href="/wiki/Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Arctic National Wildlife Refuge">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge</a> is managed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a>. It is the world's largest wildlife refuge, comprising 16 million acres (6.5 million hectares). Of the remaining land area, the state of Alaska owns 101 million acres (41 million hectares), its entitlement under the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Statehood_Act" title="Alaska Statehood Act">Alaska Statehood Act</a>. A portion of that acreage is occasionally ceded to the organized boroughs presented above, under the statutory provisions pertaining to newly formed boroughs. Smaller portions are set aside for rural subdivisions and other homesteading-related opportunities. These are not very popular due to the often remote and roadless locations. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Alaska">University of Alaska</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Land_grant_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Land grant university">land grant university</a>, also owns substantial acreage which it manages independently. Another 44 million acres (18 million hectares) are owned by 12 regional, and scores of local, Native corporations created under the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Claims_Settlement_Act" title="Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act">Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act</a> (ANCSA) of 1971. <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Regional_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native Regional Corporation">Regional Native corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Doyon,_Limited" title="Doyon, Limited">Doyon, Limited</a> often promotes itself as the largest private landowner in Alaska in advertisements and other communications. Provisions of ANCSA allowing the corporations' land holdings to be sold on the open market starting in 1991 were repealed before they could take effect. Effectively, the corporations hold title (including subsurface title in many cases, a privilege denied to individual Alaskans) but cannot sell the land. <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Allotment_Act" title="Alaska Native Allotment Act">Individual Native allotments</a> are sold on the open market. Various private interests own the remaining land, totaling about one percent of the state. Alaska is, by a large margin, the state with the smallest percentage of private land ownership when Native corporation holdings are excluded. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_Heritage_Resources_Survey">Alaska Heritage Resources Survey</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Alaska Heritage Resources Survey" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Alaska Heritage Resources Survey (AHRS) is a restricted <a href="/wiki/Inventory" title="Inventory">inventory</a> of all reported <a href="/wiki/Historic_site" title="Historic site">historic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric">prehistoric</a> sites within the U.S. state of Alaska; it is maintained by the Office of History and Archaeology. The survey's inventory of cultural resources includes objects, structures, buildings, sites, districts, and travel ways, with a general provision that they are more than fifty years old. As of 31 January 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a>, more than 35,000 sites have been reported.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities,_towns_and_boroughs">Cities, towns and boroughs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cities, towns and boroughs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alaska" title="List of cities in Alaska">List of cities in Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of Alaska locations by per capita income">List of Alaska locations by per capita income</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anchorage1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anchorage1.jpg/180px-Anchorage1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="307"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anchorage1.jpg/180px-Anchorage1.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anchorage1.jpg/270px-Anchorage1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Anchorage1.jpg/360px-Anchorage1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>, Alaska's largest city</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_(Quintin_Soloviev).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg/180px-Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="139" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3370" data-file-height="2610"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 139px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg/180px-Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="139" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg/270px-Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg/360px-Aerial_view_of_Fairbanks_Alaska_skyline_%28Quintin_Soloviev%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a>, Alaska's second-largest city and by a significant margin the largest city in <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Interior">Alaska's interior</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg/180px-Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4555" data-file-height="3036"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg/180px-Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg/270px-Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg/360px-Downtown_Juneau_with_Mount_Juneau_rising_in_the_background.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>, Alaska's third-largest city and <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">its capital</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg/180px-Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="1396"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg/180px-Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg/270px-Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg/360px-Bethel_Alaska_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Alaska" title="Bethel, Alaska">Bethel</a>, the largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Unorganized Borough">Unorganized Borough</a> and in <a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">rural Alaska</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg/180px-Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg/180px-Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg/270px-Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg/360px-Looking_into_the_sun_from_over_downtown_onto_the_Homer_Spit..jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Homer,_Alaska" title="Homer, Alaska">Homer</a>, showing (from bottom to top) the edge of downtown, <a href="/wiki/Homer_Airport" title="Homer Airport">its airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homer_Spit" title="Homer Spit">the Spit</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg/180px-Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1218"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg/180px-Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg/270px-Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg/360px-Barrow-Alaska-skyview.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a> (Browerville neighborhood near <a href="/wiki/Eben_Hopson" title="Eben Hopson">Eben Hopson</a> Middle School shown), known colloquially for many years by the nickname "Top of the World", is the northernmost city in the United States.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CordovaHillside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CordovaHillside.jpg/180px-CordovaHillside.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1643"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CordovaHillside.jpg/180px-CordovaHillside.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CordovaHillside.jpg/270px-CordovaHillside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CordovaHillside.jpg/360px-CordovaHillside.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova</a>, built in the early 20th century to support the <a href="/wiki/Kennecott_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennecott Mines">Kennecott Mines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Copper_River_and_Northwestern_Railway" title="Copper River and Northwestern Railway">Copper River and Northwestern Railway</a>, has been preserved as a fishing community since their closure.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg/180px-Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg/180px-Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg/270px-Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg/360px-Downtown_Talkeetna.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Main Street in <a href="/wiki/Talkeetna" class="mw-redirect" title="Talkeetna">Talkeetna</a></figcaption></figure> Alaska is not divided into <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a>, as most of the other U.S. states, but it is divided into <a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">boroughs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> Delegates to the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Constitutional_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Constitutional Convention">Alaska Constitutional Convention</a> wanted to avoid the pitfalls of the traditional county system and adopted their own unique model.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> Many of the more densely populated parts of the state are part of Alaska's 16 boroughs, which function somewhat similarly to counties in other states. Unlike county-equivalents in the other states, the boroughs do not cover the state's entire land area. The area not part of any borough is referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough,_Alaska" title="Unorganized Borough, Alaska">Unorganized Borough</a>. The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 <a href="/wiki/Census_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Census area">census areas</a> solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district is a mechanism for management of the <a href="/wiki/Public_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Public record">public record</a> in Alaska. The state is divided into 34 recording districts which are centrally administered under a state <a href="/wiki/Recorder_of_deeds" title="Recorder of deeds">recorder</a>. All recording districts use the same acceptance criteria, fee schedule, etc., for accepting documents into the public record. Whereas many U.S. states use a three-tiered system of decentralization—state/county/township—most of Alaska uses only two tiers—state/borough. Owing to the low population density, most of the land is located in the <a href="/wiki/Unorganized_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Unorganized Borough">Unorganized Borough</a>. As the name implies, it has no intermediate borough government but is administered directly by the state government. In 2000, 57.71% of Alaska's area has this status, with 13.05% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Anchorage merged the city government with the Greater Anchorage Area Borough in 1975 to form the Municipality of Anchorage, containing the city proper and the communities of Eagle River, Chugiak, Peters Creek, Girdwood, Bird, and Indian. Fairbanks has a separate borough (the <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_North_Star_Borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairbanks North Star Borough">Fairbanks North Star Borough</a>) and municipality (the City of Fairbanks). The state's most populous city is <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>, home to 291,247 people in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_Data-55">[54]</a> The richest <a href="/wiki/Alaska_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska locations by per capita income">location in Alaska by per capita income</a> is <a href="/wiki/Denali_Borough,_Alaska" title="Denali Borough, Alaska">Denali</a> ($42,245). <a href="/wiki/Yakutat_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakutat City">Yakutat City</a>, Sitka, Juneau, and Anchorage are the four <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. cities by area">largest cities in the U.S. by area</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cities_and_census-designated_places_(by_population)">Cities and census-designated places (by population)</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cities and census-designated places (by population)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As reflected in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, Alaska has a total of 355 incorporated cities and <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">census-designated places</a> (CDPs).<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_Gazetter-56">[55]</a> The tally of cities includes four unified municipalities, essentially the equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city%E2%80%93county" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidated city–county">consolidated city–county</a>. The majority of these communities are located in the rural expanse of Alaska known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">The Bush</a>" and are unconnected to that contiguous North American road network. The table at the bottom of this section lists the 100 largest cities and census-designated places in Alaska, in population order. Of Alaska's 2020 U.S. census population figure of 733,391, 16,655 people, or 2.27% of the population, did not live in an incorporated city or census-designated place.<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_Data-55">[54]</a> Approximately three-quarters of that figure were people who live in urban and suburban neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city limits of Ketchikan, Kodiak, Palmer and Wasilla. CDPs have not been established for these areas by the United States Census Bureau, except that seven CDPs were established for the Ketchikan-area neighborhoods in the <a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 United States Census">1980 Census</a> (Clover Pass, Herring Cove, Ketchikan East, Mountain Point, <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Route_7" title="Alaska Route 7">Alaska Route 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennock_Island" title="Pennock Island">Pennock Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxman,_Alaska" title="Saxman, Alaska">Saxman</a> East), but have not been used since. The remaining population was scattered throughout Alaska, both within organized boroughs and in the Unorganized Borough, in largely remote areas. <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Community name</th> <th>Type</th> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a> Pop.<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_Data-55">[54]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">291,247 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,515 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,255 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knik-Fairview,_Alaska" title="Knik-Fairview, Alaska">Knik-Fairview</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Badger,_Alaska" title="Badger, Alaska">Badger</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/College,_Alaska" title="College, Alaska">College</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,332 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Lakes,_Alaska" title="North Lakes, Alaska">North Lakes</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,450 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meadow_Lakes,_Alaska" title="Meadow Lakes, Alaska">Meadow Lakes</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,197 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wasilla,_Alaska" title="Wasilla, Alaska">Wasilla</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,054 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanaina,_Alaska" title="Tanaina, Alaska">Tanaina</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,817 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalifornsky,_Alaska" title="Kalifornsky, Alaska">Kalifornsky</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,487 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,458 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenai,_Alaska" title="Kenai, Alaska">Kenai</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,424 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Steele_Creek,_Alaska" title="Steele Creek, Alaska">Steele Creek</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,437 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Alaska" title="Bethel, Alaska">Bethel</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,325 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chena_Ridge,_Alaska" title="Chena Ridge, Alaska">Chena Ridge</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Alaska" title="Sterling, Alaska">Sterling</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Alaska" title="Palmer, Alaska">Palmer</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,888 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gateway,_Alaska" title="Gateway, Alaska">Gateway</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,748 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,581 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homer,_Alaska" title="Homer, Alaska">Homer</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,522 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Lakes,_Alaska" title="South Lakes, Alaska">South Lakes</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,229 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fishhook,_Alaska" title="Fishhook, Alaska">Fishhook</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,048 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,927 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farmers_Loop,_Alaska" title="Farmers Loop, Alaska">Farmers Loop</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,704 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikiski,_Alaska" title="Nikiski, Alaska">Nikiski</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,456 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soldotna,_Alaska" title="Soldotna, Alaska">Soldotna</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,342 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,254 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mill_Bay,_Alaska" title="Mill Bay, Alaska">Mill Bay</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,216 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,985 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Big_Lake,_Alaska" title="Big Lake, Alaska">Big Lake</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,699 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Butte,_Alaska" title="Butte, Alaska">Butte</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,589 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goldstream,_Alaska" title="Goldstream, Alaska">Goldstream</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotzebue,_Alaska" title="Kotzebue, Alaska">Kotzebue</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,102 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Petersburg,_Alaska" title="Petersburg, Alaska">Petersburg</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,043 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Farm_Loop,_Alaska" title="Farm Loop, Alaska">Farm Loop</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,747 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,717 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eielson_Air_Force_Base" title="Eielson Air Force Base">Eielson AFB</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,610 </td></tr> <tr> <td>41</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordova,_Alaska" title="Cordova, Alaska">Cordova</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ester,_Alaska" title="Ester, Alaska">Ester</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,416 </td></tr> <tr> <td>43</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deltana,_Alaska" title="Deltana, Alaska">Deltana</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,359 </td></tr> <tr> <td>44</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dillingham,_Alaska" title="Dillingham, Alaska">Dillingham</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,249 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Creek,_Alaska" title="Fritz Creek, Alaska">Fritz Creek</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,248 </td></tr> <tr> <td>46</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Pole,_Alaska" title="North Pole, Alaska">North Pole</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willow,_Alaska" title="Willow, Alaska">Willow</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,196 </td></tr> <tr> <td>48</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ridgeway,_Alaska" title="Ridgeway, Alaska">Ridgeway</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,136 </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bear_Creek,_Alaska" title="Bear Creek, Alaska">Bear Creek</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,129 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wrangell,_Alaska" title="Wrangell, Alaska">Wrangell</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,127 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Community name</th> <th>Type</th> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a> Pop. </th></tr> <tr> <td>51</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anchor_Point,_Alaska" title="Anchor Point, Alaska">Anchor Point</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,105 </td></tr> <tr> <td>52</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Alaska" title="Houston, Alaska">Houston</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,975 </td></tr> <tr> <td>53</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_MacKenzie,_Alaska" title="Point MacKenzie, Alaska">Point MacKenzie</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,852 </td></tr> <tr> <td>54</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Station,_Alaska" title="Kodiak Station, Alaska">Kodiak Station</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td>55</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haines,_Alaska" title="Haines, Alaska">Haines</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td>56</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akutan,_Alaska" title="Akutan, Alaska">Akutan</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,589 </td></tr> <tr> <td>57</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Susitna_North,_Alaska" title="Susitna North, Alaska">Susitna North</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,564 </td></tr> <tr> <td>58</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lazy_Mountain,_Alaska" title="Lazy Mountain, Alaska">Lazy Mountain</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,506 </td></tr> <tr> <td>59</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cohoe,_Alaska" title="Cohoe, Alaska">Cohoe</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,471 </td></tr> <tr> <td>60</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metlakatla,_Alaska" title="Metlakatla, Alaska">Metlakatla</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,454 </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hooper_Bay,_Alaska" title="Hooper Bay, Alaska">Hooper Bay</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,375 </td></tr> <tr> <td>62</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Ridge,_Alaska" title="Diamond Ridge, Alaska">Diamond Ridge</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,330 </td></tr> <tr> <td>63</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay,_Alaska" title="Prudhoe Bay, Alaska">Prudhoe Bay</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,310 </td></tr> <tr> <td>64</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tok,_Alaska" title="Tok, Alaska">Tok</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,243 </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,164 </td></tr> <tr> <td>66</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Funny_River,_Alaska" title="Funny River, Alaska">Funny River</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,103 </td></tr> <tr> <td>67</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salamatof,_Alaska" title="Salamatof, Alaska">Salamatof</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,078 </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Talkeetna,_Alaska" title="Talkeetna, Alaska">Talkeetna</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,055 </td></tr> <tr> <td>69</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sutton-Alpine,_Alaska" title="Sutton-Alpine, Alaska">Sutton-Alpine</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,038 </td></tr> <tr> <td>70</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Craig,_Alaska" title="Craig, Alaska">Craig</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,036 </td></tr> <tr> <td>71</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soapstone,_Alaska" title="Buffalo Soapstone, Alaska">Buffalo Soapstone</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Salcha,_Alaska" title="Salcha, Alaska">Salcha</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">977 </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Healy,_Alaska" title="Healy, Alaska">Healy</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">966 </td></tr> <tr> <td>74</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chevak,_Alaska" title="Chevak, Alaska">Chevak</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">951 </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hoonah,_Alaska" title="Hoonah, Alaska">Hoonah</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">931 </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delta_Junction,_Alaska" title="Delta Junction, Alaska">Delta Junction</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">918 </td></tr> <tr> <td>77</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ninilchik,_Alaska" title="Ninilchik, Alaska">Ninilchik</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">845 </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Savoonga,_Alaska" title="Savoonga, Alaska">Savoonga</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">835 </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_Hope,_Alaska" title="Point Hope, Alaska">Point Hope</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">830 </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emmonak,_Alaska" title="Emmonak, Alaska">Emmonak</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">825 </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Togiak,_Alaska" title="Togiak, Alaska">Togiak</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">817 </td></tr> <tr> <td>82</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kwethluk,_Alaska" title="Kwethluk, Alaska">Kwethluk</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">812 </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Selawik,_Alaska" title="Selawik, Alaska">Selawik</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">809 </td></tr> <tr> <td>84</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knik_River,_Alaska" title="Knik River, Alaska">Knik River</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">792 </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quinhagak,_Alaska" title="Quinhagak, Alaska">Quinhagak</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">776 </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unalakleet,_Alaska" title="Unalakleet, Alaska">Unalakleet</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">765 </td></tr> <tr> <td>87</td> <td><a href="/wiki/King_Cove,_Alaska" title="King Cove, Alaska">King Cove</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">757 </td></tr> <tr> <td>88</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alakanuk,_Alaska" title="Alakanuk, Alaska">Alakanuk</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">756 </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Womens_Bay,_Alaska" title="Womens Bay, Alaska">Womens Bay</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">743 </td></tr> <tr> <td>90</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Klawock,_Alaska" title="Klawock, Alaska">Klawock</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">720 </td></tr> <tr> <td>91</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley,_Alaska" title="Happy Valley, Alaska">Happy Valley</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">713 </td></tr> <tr> <td>92</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kipnuk,_Alaska" title="Kipnuk, Alaska">Kipnuk</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">704 </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Noorvik,_Alaska" title="Noorvik, Alaska">Noorvik</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">694 </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akiachak,_Alaska" title="Akiachak, Alaska">Akiachak</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">677 </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toksook_Bay,_Alaska" title="Toksook Bay, Alaska">Toksook Bay</a></td> <td>City</td> <td style="text-align:right;">658 </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yakutat,_Alaska" title="Yakutat, Alaska">Yakutat</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">657 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">97</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustavus,_Alaska" title="Gustavus, Alaska">Gustavus</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;">655 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotlik,_Alaska" title="Kotlik, Alaska">Kotlik</a></td> <td>CDP </td></tr> <tr> <td>99</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Two_Rivers,_Alaska" title="Two Rivers, Alaska">Two Rivers</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_River,_Alaska" title="Fox River, Alaska">Fox River</a></td> <td>CDP</td> <td style="text-align:right;">644 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Alaska" title="Climate of Alaska">Climate of Alaska</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/220px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="317"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/220px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/330px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg/440px-Public_Lands_Held_by_the_National_Forest_Service_and_the_Bureau_of_Land_Management.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Alaska has more acreage of public land owned by the federal government than any other state.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></figcaption></figure> Alaska is the coldest state in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> The climate in the south and southeastern Alaska is a mid-latitude <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Cfb), and a subarctic oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc) in the northern parts, with cool summers and relatively mild winters. On an annual basis, the southeast is both the wettest and warmest part of Alaska with milder temperatures in the winter and high precipitation throughout the year. Juneau averages over 50 in (130 cm) of precipitation a year, and <a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a> averages over 150 in (380 cm).<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> This is also the only region in Alaska in which the average daytime high temperature is above freezing during the winter months.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="990"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 242px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="242" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Alaska_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Alaska</figcaption></figure>The climate of <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a> and south central Alaska is mild by Alaskan standards due to the region's proximity to the seacoast. While the area gets less rain than southeast Alaska, it gets more snow, and days tend to be clearer. On average, <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a> receives 16 in (41 cm) of precipitation a year, with around 75 in (190 cm) of snow, although there are areas in the south central which receive far more snow. It is a subarctic climate (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_D:_Continental/microthermal_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen: Dfc</a>) due to its brief, cool summers. The climate of <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Alaska" title="Southwest Alaska">western Alaska</a> is determined in large part by the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a>. It is a subarctic oceanic climate in the southwest and a continental subarctic climate farther north. The temperature is somewhat moderate considering how far north the area is. This region has a tremendous amount of variety in precipitation. An area stretching from the northern side of the Seward Peninsula to the <a href="/wiki/Kobuk_River" title="Kobuk River">Kobuk River</a> valley (i.e., the region around <a href="/wiki/Kotzebue_Sound" title="Kotzebue Sound">Kotzebue Sound</a>) is technically a <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a>, with portions receiving less than 10 in (25 cm) of precipitation annually. On the other extreme, some locations between <a href="/wiki/Dillingham,_Alaska" title="Dillingham, Alaska">Dillingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Alaska" title="Bethel, Alaska">Bethel</a> average around 100 in (250 cm) of precipitation.<a href="#cite_note-AK-YK_Precip-60">[59]</a> The climate of the interior of Alaska is subarctic and is a classic example of a continental subarctic climate, except in a few valleys where the climate approaches <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (Köppen: Dfb). Some of the highest and lowest temperatures in Alaska occur around the area near <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a>. Summers are warm (albeit generally short) and may have temperatures reaching into the 90s °F (the low-to-mid 30s °C), while in the long and very cold winters, the temperature can fall below −60 °F (−51 °C). Precipitation is sparse in the Interior, often less than 10 in (25 cm) a year, but what precipitation falls in the winter tends to stay the entire winter. The highest and lowest recorded temperatures in Alaska are both in the Interior. The highest is 100 °F (38 °C) in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yukon,_Alaska" title="Fort Yukon, Alaska">Fort Yukon</a> (which is just 8 mi or 13 km inside the arctic circle) on June 27, 1915,<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-All_Hazards-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-DRI-62">[61]</a> making Alaska tied with Hawaii as the state with the lowest high temperature in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> The lowest official Alaska temperature is −80 °F (−62 °C) in <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Creek,_Alaska" title="Prospect Creek, Alaska">Prospect Creek</a> on January 23, 1971,<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-All_Hazards-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-DRI-62">[61]</a> one degree above the lowest temperature recorded in continental North America (in <a href="/wiki/Snag,_Yukon" title="Snag, Yukon">Snag, Yukon, Canada</a>).<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> The climate in the extreme north of Alaska, north of the <a href="/wiki/Brooks_Range" title="Brooks Range">Brooks Range</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Polar_climate" title="Polar climate">Arctic</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification#Group_E:_Polar_climates" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen: ET</a>) with long, very cold winters and short, cool summers. Even in July, the average low temperature in <a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a> is 34 °F (1 °C).<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> Precipitation is light in this part of Alaska, with many places averaging less than 10 in (25 cm) per year, mostly as snow which stays on the ground almost the entire year. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures for selected locations in Alaska<a href="#cite_note-Alaska_climate_averages-67">[66]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>July (°F) </th> <th>July (°C) </th> <th>January (°F) </th> <th>January (°C) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></td> <td>65/51</td> <td>18/10</td> <td>22/11</td> <td>−5/−11 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></td> <td>64/50</td> <td>17/11</td> <td>32/23</td> <td>0/−4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a></td> <td>64/51</td> <td>17/11</td> <td>38/28</td> <td>3/−1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a></td> <td>57/46</td> <td>14/8</td> <td>36/28</td> <td>2/−2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a></td> <td>72/53</td> <td>22/11</td> <td>1/−17</td> <td>−17/−27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yukon,_Alaska" title="Fort Yukon, Alaska">Fort Yukon</a></td> <td>73/51</td> <td>23/10</td> <td>−11/−27</td> <td>−23/−33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a></td> <td>58/46</td> <td>14/8</td> <td>13/−2</td> <td>−10/−19 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a></td> <td>47/34</td> <td>8/1</td> <td>−7/−19</td> <td>−21/−28 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Fauna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Alaska" title="Wildlife of Alaska">Wildlife of Alaska</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Alaska" title="Demographics of Alaska">Demographics of Alaska</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>33,426</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>32,052</td><td></td><td>−4.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>63,592</td><td></td><td>98.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>64,356</td><td></td><td>1.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>55,036</td><td></td><td>−14.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>59,278</td><td></td><td>7.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>72,524</td><td></td><td>22.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>128,643</td><td></td><td>77.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>226,167</td><td></td><td>75.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>300,382</td><td></td><td>32.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>401,851</td><td></td><td>33.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>550,043</td><td></td><td>36.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>626,932</td><td></td><td>14.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>710,231</td><td></td><td>13.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>733,391</td><td></td><td>3.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">733,406</td><td><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-68">[67]</a></td><td>0.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">1930 and 1940 censuses taken in preceding autumn Sources: 1910–2020<a href="#cite_note-Census2010-69">[68]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> found in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> that the population of Alaska was 733,391 on April 1, 2020, a 3.3% increase since the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-6">[6]</a> According to the 2010 United States Census, the U.S. state of Alaska had a population of 710,231, a 13.3% increase from 626,932 at the 2000 U.S. census. In 2020, Alaska ranked as the 48th largest state by population, ahead of only <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> Alaska is the least densely populated state, and one of the most sparsely populated areas in the world, at 1.2 inhabitants per square mile (0.46/km2), with the next state, Wyoming, at 5.8 inhabitants per square mile (2.2/km2).<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> Alaska is by far the largest U.S. state by <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">area</a>, and the tenth wealthiest (per capita income).<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a> due to its population size, it is one of 14 U.S. states that still have only one telephone <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">area code</a>.<a href="#cite_note-US_area_codes-73">[72]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 2,320 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption>Alaska racial breakdown of population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census-76">[75]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census-76">[75]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a></th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-CensusACS2020-79">[78]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>78.8%</td> <td>75.5%</td> <td>69.3%</td> <td>66.7%</td> <td>59.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>16.9%</td> <td>15.6%</td> <td>15.6%</td> <td>14.8%</td> <td>15.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>3.6%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>5.4%</td> <td>6.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a></td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>4.1%</td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>3.3%</td> <td>3.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a></td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Multiracial</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td>7.3%</td> <td>12.2% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png/270px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5057" data-file-height="5000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png/270px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png" data-width="270" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png/405px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png/540px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Alaska.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Alaska</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg/220px-Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="267"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg/220px-Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg/330px-Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg/440px-Alaska_racial_and_ethnic_map.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the largest racial/ethnic group by borough. Red indicates Native American, blue indicates non-Hispanic white, and green indicates Asian. Darker shades indicate a higher proportion of the population.</figcaption></figure>The 2019 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> estimated 60.2% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic white</a>, 3.7% <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">black or African American</a>, 15.6% <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian or Alaska Native</a>, 6.5% <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a>, 1.4% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander</a>, 7.5% two or more races, and 7.3% <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latin American</a> of any race. At the survey estimates, 7.8% of the total population was foreign-born from 2015 to 2019.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> In 2015, 61.3% was non-Hispanic white, 3.4% black or African American, 13.3% American Indian or Alaska Native, 6.2% Asian, 0.9% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 0.3% some other race, and 7.7% multiracial. Hispanics and Latin Americans were 7% of the state population in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> From 2015 to 2019, the largest Hispanic and Latin American groups were <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Ricans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a>. The largest Asian groups living in the state were <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> The state was 66.7% white (64.1% non-Hispanic white), 14.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 5.4% Asian, 3.3% black or African American, 1.0% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 1.6% from some other race, and 7.3% from two or more races in 2010. Hispanics or Latin Americans of any race made up 5.5% of the population in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a>, 50.7% of Alaska's population younger than one year of age belonged to minority groups (i.e., did not have two parents of non-Hispanic white ancestry).<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> In 1960, the United States Census Bureau reported Alaska's population as 77.2% white, 3% black, and 18.8% American Indian and Alaska Native.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> In 2018, The top countries of origin for Alaska's immigrants were the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Languages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_languages" title="Alaska Native languages">Alaska Native languages</a></div> According to the 2011 American Community Survey, 83.4% of people over the age of five spoke only English at home. About 3.5% spoke Spanish at home, 2.2% spoke another <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European language</a>, about 4.3% spoke an <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asian</a> language (including <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a>),<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> and about 5.3% spoke other languages at home.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> In 2019, the American Community Survey determined 83.7% spoke only English, and 16.3% spoke another language other than English. The most spoken European language after English was Spanish, spoken by approximately 4.0% of the state population. Collectively, Asian and Pacific Islander languages were spoken by 5.6% of Alaskans.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> Since 2010, a total of 5.2% of Alaskans speak one of the state's 20 <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">indigenous languages</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> known locally as "native languages". The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Language_Center" title="Alaska Native Language Center">Alaska Native Language Center</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska Fairbanks</a> claims that at least 20 <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_languages" title="Alaska Native languages">Alaskan native languages</a> exist and there are also some languages with different dialects.<a href="#cite_note-uaf.edu-91">[90]</a> Most of Alaska's native languages belong to either the <a href="/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Eskimo–Aleut languages">Eskimo–Aleut</a> or <a href="/wiki/Na-Dene_languages" title="Na-Dene languages">Na-Dene</a> language families; some languages are thought to be <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a>) or have not yet been classified (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages" title="Tsimshianic languages">Tsimshianic</a>).<a href="#cite_note-uaf.edu-91">[90]</a> As of 2014<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a> nearly all of Alaska's native languages were classified as either threatened, shifting, moribund, nearly extinct, or dormant languages.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> In October 2014, the governor of Alaska signed a bill declaring the state's 20 indigenous languages to have official status.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> This bill gave them symbolic recognition as official languages, though they have not been adopted for official use within the government. The 20 languages that were included in the bill are: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Inupiat_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiat language">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Siberian_Yupik_language" title="Central Siberian Yupik language">Siberian Yupik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Alaskan_Yup%27ik_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Alaskan Yup'ik language">Central Alaskan Yup'ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq_language" title="Alutiiq language">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleut_language" title="Aleut language">Unangax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dena%27ina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dena'ina language">Dena'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deg_Xinag_language" title="Deg Xinag language">Deg Xinag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holikachuk_language" title="Holikachuk language">Holikachuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Kuskokwim_language" title="Upper Kuskokwim language">Upper Kuskokwim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in language">Gwich'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Tanana_language" title="Lower Tanana language">Tanana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Tanana_language" title="Upper Tanana language">Upper Tanana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanacross_language" title="Tanacross language">Tanacross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4n_language" title="Hän language">Hän</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtna_language" title="Ahtna language">Ahtna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyak_language" title="Eyak language">Eyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Tsimshian_dialect" title="Coast Tsimshian dialect">Tsimshian</a></li></ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaska Native religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanism_among_Alaska_Natives" title="Shamanism among Alaska Natives">Shamanism among Alaska Natives</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg/183px-Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="519" data-file-height="750"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 183px;height: 265px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg/183px-Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg" data-width="183" data-height="265" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg/275px-Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg/367px-Sitka_-_St._Michael%27s_Russian_Orthodox_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral_(Sitka,_Alaska)" title="St. Michael's Cathedral (Sitka, Alaska)">St. Michael's Russian Orthodox Cathedral</a> in downtown <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a></figcaption></figure><div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Gray; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 252.57116894473px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 212.51081731572px; border-left-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Teal"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Teal"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 157.57478599687px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 93.906250581749px; border-left-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.211470131448px 12.53332335643px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 93.906250581749px 100px 0; border-right-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious self-identification in Alaska per the <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2020 survey<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (37%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (36%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in the United States">Catholicism</a> (14%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in the United States">Eastern Orthodox</a> (4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormonism in the United States">Mormonism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witness" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehovah's Witness">Jehovah's Witness</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"> Other (6%)</div> </div> </div></div>Multiple surveys have ranked Alaska among <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_religiosity" title="List of U.S. states and territories by religiosity">the most irreligious states</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:ChangePoint_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ChangePoint_building.jpg/150px-ChangePoint_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ChangePoint_building.jpg/150px-ChangePoint_building.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ChangePoint_building.jpg/225px-ChangePoint_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/ChangePoint_building.jpg/300px-ChangePoint_building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg/150px-Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg/150px-Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="150" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg/225px-Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg/300px-Anchorage_Baptist_Temple.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">ChangePoint in south Anchorage (left) and Anchorage Baptist Temple in east Anchorage (right) are Alaska's largest churches in terms of attendance and membership.</div></div></div></div> According to statistics collected by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a> (ARDA) from 2010, about 34% of Alaska residents were members of religious congregations. Of the religious population, roughly 4% were Mormon, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a>, 0.5% Muslim, 1% Buddhist, 0.2% Baháʼí, and 0.5% Hindu.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The largest religious denominations in Alaska as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> with 50,866 adherents; non-denominational Evangelicals with 38,070 adherents; <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> with 32,170 adherents; and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> with 19,891 adherents.<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> Alaska has been identified, along with Washington and Oregon in the Pacific Northwest, as being <a href="/wiki/Unchurched_Belt" title="Unchurched Belt">the least religious states in the United States</a>, in terms of church membership.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> The Pew Research Center in 2014 determined 62% of the adult population practiced Christianity. Of the Christian denominations, Catholicism was the largest Christian group. When Protestant denominations were combined, Protestantism was the largest Christian tradition, with Evangelicalism being the largest movement within the Protestant group. The unaffiliated population made up the largest non-Christian religious affiliation at 37%. <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheists</a> made up 5% of the population and the largest non-Christian religion was <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. In 2020, the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) determined 57% of adults were Christian.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> By 2022, Christianity increased to 77% of the population according to the PRRI. Through the Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020, its Christian population was dominated by <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">non/inter-denominational Protestantism</a> as the single largest Christian cohort, with 73,930 adherents. Roman Catholics were second with 40,280 members; throughout its Christian population, non-denominational Christians had an adherence rate of 100.81 per 1,000 residents, and Catholics 54.92 per 1,000 residents.<a href="#cite_note-:1-104">[103]</a> Per 2014's Pew study, religion was seen as very important to 41% of the population, although 29% considered it somewhat important.<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[104]</a> In 2014, Pew determined roughly 55% believed in God with absolute certainty, and 24% believed fairly certainly. Reflecting the separate 2020 ARDA study, the 2014 Pew study showed 30% attended religious services once a week, 34% once or twice a month, and 36% seldom/never.<a href="#cite_note-:0-105">[104]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_Coalition" title="The Gospel Coalition">The Gospel Coalition</a> published an article using Pew data and determined non-churchgoing Christians nationwide did not attend religious services often through the following: practicing the faith in other ways, not finding a house of worship they liked, disliking sermons and feeling unwelcomed, and logistics.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In 1795, the first <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> was established in <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island_Borough,_Alaska" title="Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska">Kodiak</a>. Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives helped the Russian immigrants integrate into society. As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> Alaska also has the largest <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> population (by percentage) of any state.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> In 2009, there were 6,000 Jews in Alaska (for whom observance of <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakha</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_law_in_the_polar_regions" title="Jewish law in the polar regions">may pose special problems</a>).<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Alaskan Hindus often share venues and celebrations with members of other Asian religious communities, including <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jains</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> In 2010, Alaskan Hindus established the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ganesha_Temple_of_Alaska" title="Sri Ganesha Temple of Alaska">Sri Ganesha Temple of Alaska</a>, making it the first Hindu Temple in Alaska and the northernmost Hindu Temple in the world. There are an estimated 2,000–3,000 Hindus in Alaska. The vast majority of Hindus live in Anchorage or Fairbanks. Estimates for the number of Muslims in Alaska range from 2,000 to 5,000.<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> In 2020, ARDA estimated there were 400 Muslims in the state.<a href="#cite_note-:1-104">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Community_Center_of_Anchorage,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Community Center of Anchorage, Alaska">Islamic Community Center of Anchorage</a> began efforts in the late 1990s to construct a mosque in Anchorage. They broke ground on a building in south Anchorage in 2010 and were nearing completion in late 2014. When completed, the mosque was the first in the state and one of the northernmost mosques in the world.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> There is also a <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a> center,<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> and there were 690 adherents in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-:1-104">[103]</a> Additionally, there were 469 adherents of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> altogether in 2020, and a small number of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhists</a> were present. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alaska" title="Economy of Alaska">Economy of Alaska</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska locations by per capita income">Alaska locations by per capita income</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_companies" title="List of Alaska companies">List of Alaska companies</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg/220px-Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="331"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg/220px-Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg/330px-Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg/440px-Prudhoe_Bay_aerial_FWS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of infrastructure at the <a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_Oil_Field" title="Prudhoe Bay Oil Field">Prudhoe Bay Oil Field</a></figcaption></figure>As of October 2022, Alaska had a total employment of 316,900. The number of employer establishments was 21,077.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> The 2018 <a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">gross state product</a> was $55 billion, 48th in the U.S. Its <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_GDP_per_capita_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by GDP per capita (nominal)">per capita personal income</a> for 2018 was $73,000, ranking 7th in the nation. According to a 2013 study by Phoenix Marketing International, Alaska had the fifth-largest number of millionaires per capita in the United States, with a ratio of 6.75 percent.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> The oil and gas industry dominates the Alaskan economy, with more than 80% of the state's revenues derived from petroleum extraction. Alaska's main export product (excluding oil and natural gas) is seafood, primarily salmon, cod, pollock and crab. Agriculture represents a very small fraction of the Alaskan economy. Agricultural production is primarily for consumption within the state and includes nursery stock, dairy products, vegetables, and livestock. Manufacturing is limited, with most foodstuffs and general goods imported from elsewhere. Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak. Federal subsidies are also an important part of the economy, allowing the state to keep taxes low. Its industrial outputs are crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Precious_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Precious metals">precious metals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a> and other mining, seafood processing, timber and wood products. There is also a growing service and tourism sector. Tourists have contributed to the economy by supporting local lodging. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Energy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Alaska" title="Natural gas in Alaska">Natural gas in Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Alaska" title="List of power stations in Alaska">List of power stations in Alaska</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Energy_law#Alaska_law" title="Energy law">Energy law § Alaska law</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/220px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/220px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/330px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg/440px-Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System_Luca_Galuzzi_2005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline">Trans-Alaska Pipeline</a> transports oil, Alaska's most financially important export, from the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_North_Slope" title="Alaska North Slope">North Slope</a> to <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Heat_pipe" title="Heat pipe">heat pipes</a> in the column mounts are pertinent, since they disperse heat upwards and prevent melting of <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG/170px-Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="765"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG/170px-Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG" data-width="170" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG/255px-Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG/340px-Alaska_Crude_Oil_Reserves.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Alaska <a href="/wiki/Proven_reserves" title="Proven reserves">proven oil reserves</a> peaked in 1973 and have declined more than 60% since then. </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_(51140868890).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png/220px-Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="495"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png/220px-Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png/330px-Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png/440px-Alaska_crude_oil_production_in_1970_through_2020_%2851140868890%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Alaskan oil production peaked in 1988 and has declined more than 75% since then.</figcaption></figure> Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_North_Slope" title="Alaska North Slope">Alaska North Slope</a> (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the <a href="/wiki/Energy_Information_Administration" title="Energy Information Administration">Energy Information Administration</a>, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil production after Texas, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> Prudhoe Bay on Alaska's North Slope is still the second highest-yielding oil field in the United States, typically producing about 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d), although by early 2014 North Dakota's <a href="/wiki/Bakken_Formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakken Formation">Bakken Formation</a> was producing over 900,000 barrels per day (140,000 m3/d).<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Prudhoe Bay was the largest <a href="/wiki/Conventional_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventional oil">conventional oil</a> field ever discovered in North America, but was much smaller than Canada's enormous <a href="/wiki/Athabasca_oil_sands" title="Athabasca oil sands">Athabasca oil sands</a> field, which by 2014 was producing about 1,500,000 barrels per day (240,000 m3/d) of <a href="/wiki/Unconventional_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Unconventional oil">unconventional oil</a>, and had hundreds of years of producible reserves at that rate.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline">Trans-Alaska Pipeline</a> can transport and pump up to 2.1 million barrels (330,000 m3) of crude oil per day, more than any other crude oil pipeline in the United States. Additionally, substantial coal deposits are found in Alaska's bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coal basins. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a> estimates that there are 85.4 trillion cubic feet (2,420 km3) of undiscovered, technically recoverable gas from natural gas hydrates on the Alaskan North Slope.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> Alaska also offers some of the highest hydroelectric power potential in the country from its numerous rivers. Large swaths of the Alaskan coastline offer wind and geothermal energy potential as well.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Alaska's economy depends heavily on increasingly expensive diesel fuel for heating, transportation, electric power and light. Although wind and hydroelectric power are abundant and underdeveloped, proposals for statewide energy systems were judged uneconomical (at the time of the report, 2001) due to low (less than 50¢/gal) fuel prices, long distances and low population.<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> The cost of a gallon of gas in urban Alaska is usually thirty to sixty cents higher than the national average; prices in rural areas are generally significantly higher but vary widely depending on transportation costs, seasonal usage peaks, nearby petroleum development infrastructure and many other factors.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Permanent_Fund">Permanent Fund</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Permanent Fund" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Permanent_Fund" title="Alaska Permanent Fund">Alaska Permanent Fund</a> is a constitutionally authorized appropriation of oil revenues, established by voters in 1976 to manage a surplus in state petroleum revenues from oil, largely in anticipation of the then recently constructed <a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline System">Trans-Alaska Pipeline System</a>. The fund was originally proposed by Governor <a href="/wiki/Keith_Harvey_Miller" title="Keith Harvey Miller">Keith Miller</a> on the eve of the 1969 Prudhoe Bay lease sale, out of fear that the legislature would spend the entire proceeds of the sale (which amounted to $900 million) at once. It was later championed by Governor <a href="/wiki/Jay_Hammond" title="Jay Hammond">Jay Hammond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenai,_Alaska" title="Kenai, Alaska">Kenai</a> <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">state representative</a> Hugh Malone. It has served as an attractive political prospect ever since, diverting revenues which would normally be deposited into the general fund. The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Constitution">Alaska Constitution</a> was written so as to discourage dedicating state funds for a particular purpose. The Permanent Fund has become the rare exception to this, mostly due to the political climate of distrust existing during the time of its creation. From its initial principal of $734,000, the fund has grown to $50 billion as a result of oil royalties and capital investment programs.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Most if not all the principal is invested conservatively outside Alaska. This has led to frequent calls by Alaskan politicians for the Fund to make investments within Alaska, though such a stance has never gained momentum. Starting in 1982, dividends from the fund's annual growth have been paid out each year to eligible Alaskans, ranging from an initial $1,000 in 1982 (equal to three years' payout, as the distribution of payments was held up in a lawsuit over the distribution scheme) to $3,269 in 2008 (which included a one-time $1,200 "Resource Rebate"). Every year, the state legislature takes out 8% from the earnings, puts 3% back into the principal for inflation proofing, and the remaining 5% is distributed to all qualifying Alaskans. To qualify for the Permanent Fund Dividend, one must have lived in the state for a minimum of 12 months, maintain constant residency subject to allowable absences,<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> and not be subject to court judgments or criminal convictions which fall under various disqualifying classifications or may subject the payment amount to civil garnishment. The Permanent Fund is often considered to be one of the leading examples of a <a href="/wiki/Basic_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic income">basic income</a> policy in the world.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cost_of_living">Cost of living</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Cost of living" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The cost of goods in Alaska has long been higher than in the contiguous 48 states. Federal government employees, particularly <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a> (USPS) workers and active-duty military members, receive a Cost of Living Allowance usually set at 25% of base pay because, while the cost of living has gone down, it is still one of the highest in the country.<a href="#cite_note-:1a-132">[131]</a> Rural Alaska suffers from extremely high prices for food and consumer goods compared to the rest of the country, due to the relatively limited transportation infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-:1a-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_fishing">Agriculture and fishing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Agriculture and fishing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG/170px-Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG/170px-Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG/255px-Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG/340px-Pacific_Halibut_Fileting.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a>, both as a sport fish and commercially, is important to the state's economy.</figcaption></figure> Due to the northern climate and short growing season, relatively little farming occurs in Alaska. Most farms are in either the <a href="/wiki/Matanuska_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Matanuska Valley">Matanuska Valley</a>, about 40 miles (64 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Anchorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage">Anchorage</a>, or on the <a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a>, about 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Anchorage. The short 100-day growing season limits the crops that can be grown, but the long sunny summer days make for productive growing seasons. The primary crops are potatoes, carrots, lettuce, and cabbage. The <a href="/wiki/Tanana_Valley" title="Tanana Valley">Tanana Valley</a> is another notable agricultural locus, especially the <a href="/wiki/Delta_Junction,_Alaska" title="Delta Junction, Alaska">Delta Junction</a> area, about 100 miles (160 km) southeast of Fairbanks, with a sizable concentration of farms growing agronomic crops; these farms mostly lie north and east of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Greely" title="Fort Greely">Fort Greely</a>. This area was largely set aside and developed under a state program spearheaded by Hammond during his second term as governor. Delta-area crops consist predominantly of barley and hay. West of Fairbanks lies another concentration of small farms catering to restaurants, the hotel and tourist industry, and <a href="/wiki/Community-supported_agriculture" title="Community-supported agriculture">community-supported agriculture</a>. Alaskan agriculture has experienced a surge in growth of <a href="/wiki/Market_gardener" class="mw-redirect" title="Market gardener">market gardeners</a>, small farms and <a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_market" title="Farmers' market">farmers' markets</a> in recent years, with the highest percentage increase (46%) in the nation in growth in farmers' markets in 2011, compared to 17% nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Peony" title="Peony">peony</a> industry has also taken off, as the growing season allows farmers to harvest during a gap in supply elsewhere in the world, thereby filling a niche in the flower market.<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Heavy-lift_melon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heavy-lift_melon.jpg/200px-Heavy-lift_melon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heavy-lift_melon.jpg/200px-Heavy-lift_melon.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heavy-lift_melon.jpg/300px-Heavy-lift_melon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heavy-lift_melon.jpg/400px-Heavy-lift_melon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg/200px-Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg/200px-Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg/300px-Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg/400px-Monster_vegetable_display_at_the_Tanana_Valley_State_Fair_2010.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Oversized vegetables on display at the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Fair" title="Alaska State Fair">Alaska State Fair</a> (left) and the <a href="/wiki/Tanana_Valley_State_Fair" title="Tanana Valley State Fair">Tanana Valley State Fair</a> (right)</div></div></div></div> Alaska, with no counties, lacks county fairs. Instead, a small assortment of state and local fairs (with the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Fair" title="Alaska State Fair">Alaska State Fair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Alaska" title="Palmer, Alaska">Palmer</a> the largest), are held mostly in the late summer. The fairs are mostly located in communities with historic or current agricultural activity, and feature local farmers exhibiting produce in addition to more high-profile commercial activities such as carnival rides, concerts and food. "Alaska Grown" is used as an agricultural slogan. Alaska has an abundance of seafood, with the primary fisheries in the Bering Sea and the North Pacific. Seafood is one of the few food items that is often cheaper within the state than outside it. Many Alaskans take advantage of salmon seasons to harvest portions of their household diet while fishing for subsistence, as well as sport. This includes fish taken by hook, net or <a href="/wiki/Fish_wheel" title="Fish wheel">wheel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> Hunting for subsistence, primarily <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dall_sheep" title="Dall sheep">Dall sheep</a> is still common in the state, particularly in remote <a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">Bush</a> communities. An example of a traditional native food is <a href="/wiki/Akutaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Akutaq">Akutaq</a>, the Eskimo ice cream, which can consist of reindeer fat, seal oil, dried fish meat and local berries. Alaska's reindeer herding is concentrated on <a href="/wiki/Seward_Peninsula" title="Seward Peninsula">Seward Peninsula</a>, where wild caribou can be prevented from mingling and migrating with the domesticated reindeer.<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from <a href="/wiki/Outside_(Alaska)" title="Outside (Alaska)">"Outside"</a> (the other 49 U.S. states), and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive. In rural areas, subsistence hunting and gathering is an essential activity because imported food is prohibitively expensive. Although most small towns and villages in Alaska lie along the coastline, the cost of importing food to remote villages can be high because of the terrain and difficult road conditions, which change dramatically due to varying climate and precipitation changes. Transport costs can reach 50¢ per pound ($1.10/kg) or higher in some remote areas during times of inclement weather or rough terrain conditions, if these locations can be reached at all. The cost of delivering a gallon (3.8 L) of milk is about $3.50 in many villages where per capita income can be $20,000 or less. Fuel cost per gallon is routinely twenty to thirty cents higher than the contiguous United States average, with only Hawaii having higher prices.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup_merge plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may need to be cleaned up. It has been merged from <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports in Alaska">Sports in Alaska</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_artists_and_writers_from_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of artists and writers from Alaska">List of artists and writers from Alaska</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage,_Alaska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/220px-Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="2001"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/220px-Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/330px-Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg/440px-Iditarod_Ceremonial_start_in_Anchorage%2C_Alaska.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A dog team in the <a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail_Sled_Dog_Race" title="Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race">Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race</a>, arguably the most popular winter event in Alaska</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg/220px-Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4174" data-file-height="2783"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg/220px-Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg/330px-Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg/440px-Mask_Display_at_I%C3%B1upiat_Heritage_Center.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Mask Display at Iñupiat Heritage Center in <a href="/wiki/Utqia%C4%A1vik,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Utqiaġvik, Alaska">Utqiaġvik</a></figcaption></figure> Some of Alaska's popular annual events are the <a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail_Sled_Dog_Race" title="Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race">Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race</a> from Anchorage to Nome, World Ice Art Championships in Fairbanks, the Blueberry Festival and Alaska Hummingbird Festival in <a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a>, the Sitka Whale Fest, and the Stikine River Garnet Fest in <a href="/wiki/Wrangell,_Alaska" title="Wrangell, Alaska">Wrangell</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Stikine_River" title="Stikine River">Stikine River</a> attracts the largest springtime concentration of <a href="/wiki/American_bald_eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="American bald eagle">American bald eagles</a> in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Heritage_Center" title="Alaska Native Heritage Center">Alaska Native Heritage Center</a> celebrates the rich heritage of Alaska's 11 cultural groups. Their purpose is to encourage cross-cultural exchanges among all people and enhance self-esteem among <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native people</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Arts_Foundation" title="Alaska Native Arts Foundation">Alaska Native Arts Foundation</a> promotes and markets Native art from all regions and cultures in the State, using the internet.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Alaska" title="Music of Alaska">Music of Alaska</a></div> Influences on music in Alaska include the traditional music of Alaska Natives as well as folk music brought by later immigrants from Russia and Europe. Prominent musicians from Alaska include singer <a href="/wiki/Jewel_(singer)" title="Jewel (singer)">Jewel</a>, traditional Aleut flautist <a href="/wiki/Mary_Youngblood" title="Mary Youngblood">Mary Youngblood</a>, folk singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Libby_Roderick" title="Libby Roderick">Libby Roderick</a>, Christian music singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Brewster" title="Lincoln Brewster">Lincoln Brewster</a>, metal/post hardcore band <a href="/wiki/36_Crazyfists" title="36 Crazyfists">36 Crazyfists</a> and the groups <a href="/wiki/Pamyua" title="Pamyua">Pamyua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal._The_Man" title="Portugal. The Man">Portugal. The Man</a>. There are many established music festivals in Alaska, including the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Folk_Festival" title="Alaska Folk Festival">Alaska Folk Festival</a>, the Fairbanks Summer Arts Festival, the Anchorage Folk Festival, the <a href="/wiki/Athabascan_Old-Time_Fiddling_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival">Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival</a>, the Sitka Jazz Festival, the <a href="/wiki/Sitka_Summer_Music_Festival" title="Sitka Summer Music Festival">Sitka Summer Music Festival</a>, and the Anchorage Chamber Music Festival. The most prominent orchestra in Alaska is the <a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Anchorage Symphony Orchestra">Anchorage Symphony Orchestra</a>, though the Fairbanks Symphony Orchestra and <a href="/wiki/Juneau_Symphony" title="Juneau Symphony">Juneau Symphony</a> are also notable. The <a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Opera" title="Anchorage Opera">Anchorage Opera</a> is currently the state's only professional opera company, though there are several volunteer and semi-professional organizations in the state as well. The official <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">state song</a> of Alaska is "<a href="/wiki/Alaska%27s_Flag" title="Alaska's Flag">Alaska's Flag</a>", which was adopted in 1955; it celebrates the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Alaska" title="Flag of Alaska">flag of Alaska</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Film and television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Alaska" title="List of films set in Alaska">List of films set in Alaska</a></div> The 1983 Disney movie <a href="/wiki/Never_Cry_Wolf_(film)" title="Never Cry Wolf (film)">Never Cry Wolf</a> was at least partially shot in Alaska. The 1991 film <a href="/wiki/White_Fang_(1991_film)" title="White Fang (1991 film)">White Fang</a>, based on <a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">Jack London</a>'s 1906 novel and starring <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Hawke" title="Ethan Hawke">Ethan Hawke</a>, was filmed in and around <a href="/wiki/Haines,_Alaska" title="Haines, Alaska">Haines</a>. <a href="/wiki/Steven_Seagal" title="Steven Seagal">Steven Seagal</a>'s 1994 <a href="/wiki/On_Deadly_Ground" title="On Deadly Ground">On Deadly Ground</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a>, was filmed in part at the <a href="/wiki/Worthington_Glacier" title="Worthington Glacier">Worthington Glacier</a> near <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> Many reality television shows are filmed in Alaska. In 2011, the Anchorage Daily News found ten set in the state.<a href="#cite_note-hopkins20110214-141">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Alaska Sports Hall of Fame">Alaska Sports Hall of Fame</a></div>The following is a list of sporting venues, events, and teams based in Alaska. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anchorage">Anchorage</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Anchorage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Venues">Venues</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Venues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg/220px-Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg/220px-Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg/330px-Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg/440px-Sullivan_Arena_Feb-2011.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An Aces game at "The Sully"</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alyeska_Resort" title="Alyeska Resort">Alyeska Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chugach_State_Park" title="Chugach State Park">Chugach State Park</a>, a 495,000-acre (2,000 km2) high alpine park.<a href="#cite_note-ngs-142">[141]</a></li> <li>Anchorage has many groomed <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a> trails within the urban core. There are 105 miles (169 km) of maintained ski trails in the city,<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> some of which reach downtown.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulcahy_Stadium" title="Mulcahy Stadium">Mulcahy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Arena" title="Sullivan Arena">Sullivan Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines_Center" title="Alaska Airlines Center">Alaska Airlines Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Teams">Teams</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Teams" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Wolverines" title="Anchorage Wolverines">Anchorage Wolverines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Bucs" title="Anchorage Bucs">Anchorage Bucs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Glacier_Pilots" title="Anchorage Glacier Pilots">Anchorage Glacier Pilots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska-Anchorage_Seawolves_men%27s_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska-Anchorage Seawolves men's ice hockey">Alaska-Anchorage Seawolves men's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_City_Rollergirls" class="mw-redirect" title="Rage City Rollergirls">Rage City Rollergirls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arctic_Rush_(soccer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arctic Rush (soccer) (page does not exist)">Arctic Rush</a> (soccer)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cook_Inlet_SC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cook Inlet SC (page does not exist)">Cook Inlet SC</a> (soccer)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pioneer_United_FC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pioneer United FC (page does not exist)">Pioneer United FC</a> (men's soccer)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Events">Events</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Alaska_Shootout" title="Great Alaska Shootout">Great Alaska Shootout</a>, an annual <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a>Division I basketball tournament<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Ultra_Challenge" title="Sadler's Ultra Challenge">Sadler's Ultra Challenge</a> wheelchair race between Fairbanks and Anchorage<a href="#cite_note-auto-146">[145]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Anchorage" title="Tour of Anchorage">Tour of Anchorage</a> is an annual 50-kilometer (31 mi) ski race within the city.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Eskimo_Indian_Olympics" title="World Eskimo Indian Olympics">World Eskimo Indian Olympics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fairbanks">Fairbanks</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Fairbanks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Venues_2">Venues</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Venues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlson_Center" title="Carlson Center">Carlson Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Teams_2">Teams</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Teams" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Goldpanners_of_Fairbanks" title="Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks">Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Nanooks_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Alaska Nanooks men's ice hockey">Alaska Nanooks men's ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Ice_Dogs" title="Fairbanks Ice Dogs">Fairbanks Ice Dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_Rollergirls" title="Fairbanks Rollergirls">Fairbanks Rollergirls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fairbanks_SC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fairbanks SC (page does not exist)">Fairbanks SC</a> (soccer)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Events_2">Events</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Ultra_Challenge" title="Sadler's Ultra Challenge">Sadler's Ultra Challenge</a> wheelchair race between Fairbanks and Anchorage<a href="#cite_note-auto-146">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonot_Kkaazoot" title="Sonot Kkaazoot">Sonot Kkaazoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Eskimo_Indian_Olympics" title="World Eskimo Indian Olympics">World Eskimo Indian Olympics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Elsewhere" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Teams_3">Teams</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Teams" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MatSu_United_FC" title="MatSu United FC">MatSu United FC</a> (men's soccer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denali_Destroyer_Dolls" title="Denali Destroyer Dolls">Denali Destroyer Dolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenai_River_Brown_Bears" title="Kenai River Brown Bears">Kenai River Brown Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat-Su_Miners" title="Mat-Su Miners">Mat-Su Miners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsula_Oilers" title="Peninsula Oilers">Peninsula Oilers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Events_3">Events</h5> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Mountain_Wilderness_Classic" title="Alaska Mountain Wilderness Classic">Alaska Mountain Wilderness Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Winter_Games" title="Arctic Winter Games">Arctic Winter Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Marathon_Race" title="Mount Marathon Race">Mount Marathon Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Extreme_Skiing_Championship" title="World Extreme Skiing Championship">World Extreme Skiing Championship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Dog_mushing">Dog mushing</h6> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Dog mushing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail_Sled_Dog_Race" title="Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race">Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Dog" title="Iron Dog">Iron Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Iditarod" title="Junior Iditarod">Junior Iditarod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuskokwim_300" title="Kuskokwim 300">Kuskokwim 300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tustumena_200" title="Tustumena 200">Tustumena 200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Quest" title="Yukon Quest">Yukon Quest</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Public_health_and_safety">Public health and safety</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Public health and safety" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dentistry_in_rural_Alaska" title="Dentistry in rural Alaska">Dentistry in rural Alaska</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Troopers" title="Alaska State Troopers">Alaska State Troopers</a> are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some villages rely on "Public Safety Officers" who have police training but do not carry firearms. In much of the state, the troopers serve as the only police force available. In addition to enforcing traffic and criminal law, wildlife Troopers enforce hunting and fishing regulations. Due to the varied terrain and wide scope of the Troopers' duties, they employ a wide variety of land, air, and water patrol vehicles. Many rural communities in Alaska are considered "dry", having outlawed the importation of alcoholic beverages.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> Suicide rates for rural residents are higher than urban.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Domestic_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic abuse">Domestic abuse</a> and other violent crimes are also at high levels in the state; this is in part linked to alcohol abuse.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> Alaska has the highest rate of sexual assault in the nation, especially in rural areas. The average age of sexually assaulted victims is 16 years old. In four out of five cases, the suspects were relatives, friends or acquaintances.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_insurance">Health insurance</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Health insurance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/CVS_Health" title="CVS Health">CVS Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Premera_Blue_Cross" title="Premera Blue Cross">Premera</a> account for 47% and 46% of private health insurance, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> Premera and <a href="/wiki/Moda_Health" title="Moda Health">Moda Health</a> offer insurance on the federally-run Affordable Care Exchange.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitals">Hospitals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Hospitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Alaska" title="List of hospitals in Alaska">List of hospitals in Alaska</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Providence_Alaska_Medical_Center" title="Providence Alaska Medical Center">Providence Alaska Medical Center</a> in Anchorage is the largest hospital in the state as of 2021;<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> Anchorage also hosts <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Regional_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Regional Hospital">Alaska Regional Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Medical_Center" title="Alaska Native Medical Center">Alaska Native Medical Center</a>. Alaska's other major cities such as Fairbanks and Juneau also have local hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> In Southeast Alaska, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska_Regional_Health_Consortium" title="Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium">Southeast Alaska Regional Health Consortium</a>, runs healthcare facilities across 27 communities as of 2022, including hospitals in Sitka and Wrangell;<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> although it originally served Native Americans only, it has expanded access and combined with other local facilities over time.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kachcampus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kachcampus.jpg/220px-Kachcampus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1080"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kachcampus.jpg/220px-Kachcampus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kachcampus.jpg/330px-Kachcampus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Kachcampus.jpg/440px-Kachcampus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kachemak_Bay_Campus" title="Kachemak Bay Campus">Kachemak Bay Campus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Anchorage" title="University of Alaska Anchorage">University of Alaska Anchorage</a>, located in downtown Homer</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Department_of_Education_and_Early_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Department of Education and Early Development">Alaska Department of Education and Early Development</a> administers many <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_Alaska" title="List of school districts in Alaska">school districts</a> in Alaska. In addition, the state operates a boarding school, <a href="/wiki/Mt._Edgecumbe_High_School" title="Mt. Edgecumbe High School">Mt. Edgecumbe High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>, and provides partial funding for other boarding schools, including <a href="/wiki/Nenana_Student_Living_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenana Student Living Center">Nenana Student Living Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nenana,_Alaska" title="Nenana, Alaska">Nenana</a> and The Galena Interior Learning Academy in <a href="/wiki/Galena,_Alaska" title="Galena, Alaska">Galena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> There are more than a dozen <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Alaska" title="List of colleges and universities in Alaska">colleges and universities in Alaska</a>. Accredited universities in Alaska include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Anchorage" title="University of Alaska Anchorage">University of Alaska Anchorage</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska Fairbanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Southeast" title="University of Alaska Southeast">University of Alaska Southeast</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Pacific_University" title="Alaska Pacific University">Alaska Pacific University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Alaska is the only state that has no collegiate athletic programs that are members of <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a>, although both Alaska-Fairbanks and Alaska-Anchorage maintain single sport membership in Division I for <a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">men's ice hockey</a>. The Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development operates AVTEC, Alaska's Institute of Technology.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Campuses in Seward and Anchorage offer one-week to 11-month training programs in areas as diverse as Information Technology, Welding, Nursing, and Mechanics. Alaska has had a problem with a "<a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a>". Many of its young people, including most of the highest academic achievers, leave the state after high school graduation and do not return. As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit">[update]</a>, Alaska did not have a <a href="/wiki/Legal_education_in_Alaska" title="Legal education in Alaska">law school</a> or medical school.<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Alaska">University of Alaska</a> has attempted to combat this by offering partial four-year scholarships to the top 10% of Alaska high school graduates, via the Alaska Scholars Program.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> Beginning in 1998, schools in rural Alaska must have at least 10 students to retain funding from the state, and campuses not meeting the number close. This was due to the loss in oil revenues that previously propped up smaller rural schools.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> In 2015, there was a proposal to raise that minimum to 25,<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> but legislators in the state largely did not agree.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Young,_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_(headshot).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg/220px-Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="1171"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg/220px-Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg/330px-Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg/440px-Don_Young%2C_official_115th_Congress_photo_portrait_%28headshot%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Republican <a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Don Young</a> held Alaska's sole U.S. House seat for 49 years, from 1973 to 2022.</figcaption></figure> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Alaska" title="Transportation in Alaska">Transportation in Alaska</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Road" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Routes" title="List of Alaska Routes">List of Alaska Routes</a></div> Alaska has few road connections compared to the rest of the U.S. The state's road system, covering a relatively small area of the state, linking the central population centers and the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Highway" title="Alaska Highway">Alaska Highway</a>, the principal route out of the state through Canada. The state capital, Juneau, is not accessible by road, with access only being through ferry or flight;<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> this has spurred debate over decades about moving the capital to a city on the road system, or building a road connection from <a href="/wiki/Haines,_Alaska" title="Haines, Alaska">Haines</a>. The western part of Alaska has no road system connecting the communities with the rest of Alaska. The <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highways_in_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highways in Alaska">Interstate Highways in Alaska</a> consists of a total of 1,082 miles (1,741 km). One unique feature of the Alaska Highway system is the <a href="/wiki/Anton_Anderson_Memorial_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel">Anton Anderson Memorial Tunnel</a>, an active <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Railroad" title="Alaska Railroad">Alaska Railroad</a> tunnel recently upgraded to provide a paved roadway link with the isolated community of <a href="/wiki/Whittier,_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier</a> on <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_Sound" title="Prince William Sound">Prince William Sound</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Seward_Highway" title="Seward Highway">Seward Highway</a> about 50 miles (80 km) southeast of Anchorage at <a href="/wiki/Portage,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Portage, Alaska">Portage</a>. At 2.5 miles (4.0 km), the tunnel was the longest road tunnel in North America until 2007.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> The tunnel is the longest combination <a href="/wiki/List_of_road-rail_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of road-rail tunnels">road and rail tunnel</a> in North America. Southwest Alaska is largely coastal, sparsely populated, and unconnected to the road system. Access to most communities in Southwest Alaska is primarily by air taxi, although larger towns like Kodiak, Bethel, King Salmon, Dillingham, and Dutch Harbor are accessible by scheduled air service. Additionally, some coastal communities can be reached via the Alaska Marine Highway ferry.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sterling_Highway.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Sterling Highway, near its intersection with the Seward Highway"><noscript><img alt="The Sterling Highway, near its intersection with the Seward Highway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sterling_Highway.jpg/300px-Sterling_Highway.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sterling_Highway.jpg/300px-Sterling_Highway.jpg" data-alt="The Sterling Highway, near its intersection with the Seward Highway" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sterling_Highway.jpg/451px-Sterling_Highway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sterling_Highway.jpg/600px-Sterling_Highway.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Highway" title="Sterling Highway">Sterling Highway</a>, near its intersection with the <a href="/wiki/Seward_Highway" title="Seward Highway">Seward Highway</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Susitnabridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Susitna River bridge on the Denali Highway is 1,036 feet (316 m) long."><noscript><img alt="The Susitna River bridge on the Denali Highway is 1,036 feet (316 m) long." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Susitnabridge.JPG/298px-Susitnabridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="199" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 199px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Susitnabridge.JPG/298px-Susitnabridge.JPG" data-alt="The Susitna River bridge on the Denali Highway is 1,036 feet (316 m) long." data-width="199" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Susitnabridge.JPG/448px-Susitnabridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Susitnabridge.JPG/596px-Susitnabridge.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Susitna_River" title="Susitna River">Susitna River</a> bridge on the <a href="/wiki/Denali_Highway" title="Denali Highway">Denali Highway</a> is 1,036 feet (316 m) long.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaska Interstate Highways"><noscript><img alt="Alaska Interstate Highways" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg/302px-Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="202" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="382"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 202px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg/302px-Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg.png" data-alt="Alaska Interstate Highways" data-width="202" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg/453px-Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg/603px-Interstate_Routes_in_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Alaska" title="List of Interstate Highways in Alaska">Alaska Interstate Highways</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><a href="/wiki/File:AlaskaSign.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alaska welcome sign on the Klondike Highway"><noscript><img alt="Alaska welcome sign on the Klondike Highway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AlaskaSign.jpg/300px-AlaskaSign.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AlaskaSign.jpg/300px-AlaskaSign.jpg" data-alt="Alaska welcome sign on the Klondike Highway" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AlaskaSign.jpg/451px-AlaskaSign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/AlaskaSign.jpg/600px-AlaskaSign.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alaska welcome sign on the <a href="/wiki/Klondike_Highway" title="Klondike Highway">Klondike Highway</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Built around 1915, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Railroad" title="Alaska Railroad">Alaska Railroad</a> (ARR) played a key role in the development of Alaska through the 20th century. It links shipping lanes on the North Pacific with <a href="/wiki/Interior_Alaska" title="Interior Alaska">Interior Alaska</a> with tracks that run from <a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a> by way of <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central Alaska">South Central Alaska</a>, passing through <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eklutna" class="mw-redirect" title="Eklutna">Eklutna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasilla,_Alaska" title="Wasilla, Alaska">Wasilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talkeetna,_Alaska" title="Talkeetna, Alaska">Talkeetna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Alaska" title="Fairbanks, Alaska">Fairbanks</a>, with spurs to <a href="/wiki/Whittier,_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Alaska" title="Palmer, Alaska">Palmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Pole,_Alaska" title="North Pole, Alaska">North Pole</a>. The cities, towns, villages, and region served by ARR tracks are known statewide as "The Railbelt". In recent years, the ever-improving paved highway system began to eclipse the railroad's importance in Alaska's economy. The railroad played a vital role in Alaska's development, moving freight into Alaska while transporting natural resources southward, such as coal from the Usibelli coal mine near <a href="/wiki/Healy,_Alaska" title="Healy, Alaska">Healy</a> to Seward and gravel from the <a href="/wiki/Matanuska_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Matanuska Valley">Matanuska Valley</a> to Anchorage. It is well known for its summertime tour passenger service. The Alaska Railroad was one of the last railroads in North America to use <a href="/wiki/Caboose" title="Caboose">cabooses</a> in regular service and still uses them on some gravel trains. It continues to offer one of the last <a href="/wiki/Request_stop" title="Request stop">flag stop</a> routes in the country. A stretch of about 60 miles (100 km) of track along an area north of Talkeetna remains inaccessible by road; the railroad provides the only transportation to rural homes and cabins in the area. Until construction of the Parks Highway in the 1970s, the railroad provided the only land access to most of the region along its entire route. In northern Southeast Alaska, the <a href="/wiki/White_Pass_and_Yukon_Route" title="White Pass and Yukon Route">White Pass and Yukon Route</a> also partly runs through the state from <a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a> northwards into Canada (<a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yukon_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Yukon Territory">Yukon Territory</a>), crossing the border at <a href="/wiki/White_Pass" title="White Pass">White Pass</a> Summit. This line is now mainly used by tourists, often arriving by cruise liner at Skagway. It was featured in the 1983 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> television series <a href="/wiki/Great_Little_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Little Railways">Great Little Railways</a>. These two railroads are connected neither to each other nor any other railroad. The nearest link to the North American railway network is the northwest terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a> at <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert,_British_Columbia" title="Prince Rupert, British Columbia">Prince Rupert, British Columbia</a>, several hundred miles to the southeast. In 2000, the U.S. Congress authorized $6 million to study the feasibility of a rail link between Alaska, Canada, and the <a href="/wiki/Lower_48" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower 48">lower 48</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RailLink1-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-RailLink2-171">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-RailLink3-172">[171]</a> As of 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska-Alberta_Railway_Development_Corporation" title="Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation">Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation</a> had been placed into receivership. Some private companies provides <a href="/wiki/Car_float" title="Car float">car float</a> service between <a href="/wiki/Whittier,_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 265.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 263.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Alaska_Railroad,_Girdwood,_Alaska,_Estados_Unidos,_2017-08-31,_DD_40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Alaska Railroad locomotive over a bridge in Girdwood approaching Anchorage (2007)"><noscript><img alt="An Alaska Railroad locomotive over a bridge in Girdwood approaching Anchorage (2007)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg/395px-Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5903" data-file-height="3366"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 264px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg/395px-Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg" data-alt="An Alaska Railroad locomotive over a bridge in Girdwood approaching Anchorage (2007)" data-width="264" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg/593px-Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg/790px-Alaska_Railroad%2C_Girdwood%2C_Alaska%2C_Estados_Unidos%2C_2017-08-31%2C_DD_40.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Railroad" title="Alaska Railroad">Alaska Railroad</a> locomotive over a bridge in Girdwood approaching Anchorage (2007)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area,_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The White Pass and Yukon Route traverses rugged terrain north of Skagway near the Canada–US border."><noscript><img alt="The White Pass and Yukon Route traverses rugged terrain north of Skagway near the Canada–US border." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg/338px-Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2342" data-file-height="1562"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 226px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg/338px-Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg" data-alt="The White Pass and Yukon Route traverses rugged terrain north of Skagway near the Canada–US border." data-width="226" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg/507px-Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg/675px-Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon_Census_Area%2C_In_to_the_Tunnel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/White_Pass_and_Yukon_Route" title="White Pass and Yukon Route">White Pass and Yukon Route</a> traverses rugged terrain north of <a href="/wiki/Skagway" class="mw-redirect" title="Skagway">Skagway</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–US border</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Sea" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Many cities, towns and villages in the state do not have road or highway access; the only modes of access involve travel by air, river, or the sea. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tustumena,_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg/220px-Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg/220px-Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg/330px-Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg/440px-Tustumena%2C_Alaska_Marine_Highway.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/MV_Tustumena" title="MV Tustumena">MV Tustumena</a> (named after <a href="/wiki/Tustumena_Glacier" title="Tustumena Glacier">Tustumena Glacier</a>) is one of the state's many ferries, providing service between the <a href="/wiki/Kenai_Peninsula" title="Kenai Peninsula">Kenai Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleutian Chain">Aleutian Chain</a>.</figcaption></figure> Alaska's well-developed state-owned ferry system (known as the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Marine_Highway" title="Alaska Marine Highway">Alaska Marine Highway</a>) serves the cities of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">southeast</a>, the Gulf Coast and the Alaska Peninsula. The ferries transport vehicles as well as passengers. The system also operates a ferry service from <a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham, Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert,_British_Columbia" title="Prince Rupert, British Columbia">Prince Rupert, British Columbia</a>, in Canada through the <a href="/wiki/Inside_Passage" title="Inside Passage">Inside Passage</a> to <a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Inter-Island_Ferry_Authority" title="Inter-Island Ferry Authority">Inter-Island Ferry Authority</a> also serves as an important marine link for many communities in the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Alaska)" title="Prince of Wales Island (Alaska)">Prince of Wales Island</a> region of Southeast and works in concert with the Alaska Marine Highway. In recent years, cruise lines have created a summertime tourism market, mainly connecting the Pacific Northwest to Southeast Alaska and, to a lesser degree, towns along Alaska's gulf coast. The population of <a href="/wiki/Ketchikan,_Alaska" title="Ketchikan, Alaska">Ketchikan</a> for example fluctuates dramatically on many days—up to four large cruise ships can dock there at the same time. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Air" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Cities not served by road, sea, or river can be reached only by air, foot, <a href="/wiki/Dogsled" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogsled">dogsled</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track#Snow_vehicles" title="Continuous track">snowmachine</a>, accounting for Alaska's extremely well developed <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaskan Bush">bush</a> air services—an Alaskan novelty. Anchorage, and to a lesser extent Fairbanks, is served by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens_Anchorage_International_Airport#Airlines_and_destinations" title="Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport">many major airlines</a>. Because of limited highway access, air travel remains the most efficient form of transportation in and out of the state. Anchorage recently completed extensive remodeling and construction at <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens_Anchorage_International_Airport" title="Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport">Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport</a> to help accommodate the upsurge in tourism (in 2012–2013, Alaska received almost two million visitors).<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> Making regular flights to most villages and towns within the state commercially viable is difficult, so they are heavily subsidized by the federal government through the <a href="/wiki/Essential_Air_Service" title="Essential Air Service">Essential Air Service</a> program. <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Airlines" title="Alaska Airlines">Alaska Airlines</a> is the only major airline offering in-state travel with jet service (sometimes in combination cargo and passenger <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">Boeing 737</a>-400s) from Anchorage and <a href="/wiki/Fairbanks_International_Airport" title="Fairbanks International Airport">Fairbanks</a> to regional hubs like <a href="/wiki/Bethel,_Alaska" title="Bethel, Alaska">Bethel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotzebue,_Alaska" title="Kotzebue, Alaska">Kotzebue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dillingham,_Alaska" title="Dillingham, Alaska">Dillingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodiak,_Alaska" title="Kodiak, Alaska">Kodiak</a>, and other larger communities as well as to major Southeast and Alaska Peninsula communities. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_(6194226738).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg/220px-ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3319" data-file-height="1990"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg/220px-ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg/330px-ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg/440px-ERA_Aviation_prop_plane_landing_at_ANC_%286194226738%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Dash_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Dash 8">Bombardier Dash 8</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/Era_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Era Alaska">Era Alaska</a>, on approach to <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens_Anchorage_International_Airport" title="Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport">Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> The bulk of remaining commercial flight offerings come from small regional commuter airlines such as <a href="/wiki/Ravn_Alaska" title="Ravn Alaska">Ravn Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/PenAir" title="PenAir">PenAir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frontier_Flying_Service" title="Frontier Flying Service">Frontier Flying Service</a>. The smallest towns and villages must rely on scheduled or chartered bush flying services using general aviation aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Cessna_Caravan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna Caravan">Cessna Caravan</a>, the most popular aircraft in use in the state. Much of this service can be attributed to the Alaska bypass mail program which subsidizes bulk mail delivery to Alaskan rural communities. The program requires 70% of that subsidy to go to carriers who offer passenger service to the communities. Many communities have small air taxi services. These operations originated from the demand for customized transport to remote areas. Perhaps the most quintessentially Alaskan plane is the bush seaplane. The world's busiest seaplane base is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Hood_Seaplane_Base" title="Lake Hood Seaplane Base">Lake Hood</a>, located next to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, where flights bound for remote villages without an airstrip carry passengers, cargo, and many items from stores and warehouse clubs. In 2006, Alaska had the highest number of pilots per capita of any U.S. state.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> In Alaska there are 8,795 active pilot certificates as of 2020.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Snow">Snow</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Snow" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Another Alaskan transportation method is the <a href="/wiki/Dogsled" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogsled">dogsled</a>. In modern times (that is, any time after the mid-late 1920s), dog <a href="/wiki/Mushing" title="Mushing">mushing</a> is more of a sport than a true means of transportation. Various races are held around the state, but the best known is the <a href="/wiki/Iditarod_Trail_Sled_Dog_Race" title="Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race">Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race</a>, a 1,150-mile (1,850 km) trail from Anchorage to Nome (although the distance varies from year to year, the official distance is set at 1,049 miles or 1,688 km). The race commemorates the famous <a href="/wiki/1925_serum_run_to_Nome" title="1925 serum run to Nome">1925 serum run to Nome</a> in which mushers and dogs like <a href="/wiki/Togo_(dog)" title="Togo (dog)">Togo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balto" title="Balto">Balto</a> took much-needed medicine to the <a href="/wiki/Diphtheria" title="Diphtheria">diphtheria</a>-stricken community of <a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a> when all other means of transportation had failed. Mushers from all over the world come to Anchorage each March to compete for cash, prizes, and prestige. The "Serum Run" is another sled dog race that more accurately follows the route of the famous 1925 relay, leaving from the community of <a href="/wiki/Nenana,_Alaska" title="Nenana, Alaska">Nenana</a> (southwest of Fairbanks) to Nome.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> In areas not served by road or rail, primary transportation in summer is by <a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicle</a> and in winter by <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobile</a> or "snow machine", as it is commonly referred to in Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Communication">Communication</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Communication" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> Alaska's internet and other data transport systems are provided largely through the two major telecommunications companies: <a href="/wiki/GCI_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCI (company)">GCI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Communications" title="Alaska Communications">Alaska Communications</a>. GCI owns and operates what it calls the Alaska United Fiber Optic system<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> and, as of late 2011, Alaska Communications advertised that it has "two fiber optic paths to the lower 48 and two more across Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> In January 2011, it was reported that a $1 billion project to connect Asia and rural Alaska was being planned, aided in part by $350 million in stimulus from the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Law_and_government">Law and government</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Law and government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: State government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Alaska" title="Government of Alaska">Government of Alaska</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juneau,_Alaska_Downtown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg/220px-Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg/220px-Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg/330px-Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg/440px-Juneau%2C_Alaska_Downtown.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The center of state government in <a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a>. The large buildings in the background are, from left to right: the Court Plaza Building (known colloquially as the "<a href="/wiki/Spam_(food)" title="Spam (food)">Spam Can</a>"), the State Office Building (behind), the Alaska Office Building, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Alaska Supreme Court">John H. Dimond</a> State Courthouse, and the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Capitol" title="Alaska State Capitol">Alaska State Capitol</a>. Many of the smaller buildings in the foreground are also occupied by state government agencies.</figcaption></figure> Like all other U.S. states, Alaska is governed as a republic, with three <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">branches of government</a>: an <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alaska">governor of Alaska</a> and their appointees which head executive departments; a <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">Alaska House of Representatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Alaska Senate</a>; and a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska Supreme Court</a> and lower courts. The state of Alaska employs approximately 16,000 people statewide.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alaska_State_Legislature" title="Alaska State Legislature">Alaska State Legislature</a> consists of a 40-member <a href="/wiki/Alaska_House_of_Representatives" title="Alaska House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and a 20-member <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Senate">Senate</a>. Senators serve four-year terms and House members two. The <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alaska">governor of Alaska</a> serves four-year terms. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lieutenant_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lieutenant Governors of Alaska">lieutenant governor</a> runs separately from the governor in the <a href="/wiki/Two-round_system" title="Two-round system">primaries</a>, but during the general election, the nominee for governor and nominee for lieutenant governor run together on the same ticket. Alaska's court system has four levels: the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Supreme_Court" title="Alaska Supreme Court">Alaska Supreme Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Court_of_Appeals" title="Alaska Court of Appeals">Alaska Court of Appeals</a>, the superior courts and the district courts.<a href="#cite_note-cts-182">[181]</a> The superior and district courts are <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial courts</a>. Superior courts are courts of general jurisdiction, while district courts hear only certain types of cases, including misdemeanor criminal cases and civil cases valued up to $100,000.<a href="#cite_note-cts-182">[181]</a> The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals are <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate courts</a>. The Court of Appeals is required to hear appeals from certain lower-court decisions, including those regarding criminal prosecutions, juvenile delinquency, and <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cts-182">[181]</a> The Supreme Court hears civil appeals and may in its discretion hear criminal appeals.<a href="#cite_note-cts-182">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_politics">State politics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: State politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Alaska" title="Politics of Alaska">Politics of Alaska</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_Alaska" title="Political party strength in Alaska">Political party strength in Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska_political_corruption_probe" title="Alaska political corruption probe">Alaska political corruption probe</a></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:95%;"> <caption>Gubernatorial election results<a href="#cite_note-Leip,_David-183">[182]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <th>Year </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Alaska)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Alaska)">Democratic</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Alaska)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (Alaska)">Republican</a> </th> <th>Others </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1958_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1958 Alaska gubernatorial election">1958</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.6% 29,189 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.4% 19,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1962_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1962 Alaska gubernatorial election">1962</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.3% 29,627 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.7% 27,054 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1966_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1966 Alaska gubernatorial election">1966</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.4% 32,065 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.0% 33,145 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1970_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1970 Alaska gubernatorial election">1970</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.4% 42,309 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.1% 37,264 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1974_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Alaska gubernatorial election">1974</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.4% 45,553 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.7% 45,840 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1978_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Alaska gubernatorial election">1978</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">20.2% 25,656 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">39.1% 49,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1982_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Alaska gubernatorial election">1982</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.1% 89,918 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">37.1% 72,291 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1986_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Alaska gubernatorial election">1986</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.3% 84,943 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.6% 76,515 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#A356DE"><a href="/wiki/1990_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Alaska gubernatorial election">1990</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">30.9% 60,201 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">26.2% 50,991 </td> <td style="background:#A356DE">38.9% 75,721<a href="#cite_note-184">[b]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1994_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Alaska gubernatorial election">1994</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.1% 87,693 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40.8% 87,157 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1998_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Alaska gubernatorial election">1998</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.3% 112,879 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">17.9% 39,331 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2002_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2002 Alaska gubernatorial election">2002</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40.7% 94,216 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.9% 129,279 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2006_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2006 Alaska gubernatorial election">2006</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.0% 97,238 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.3% 114,697 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2010_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2010 Alaska gubernatorial election">2010</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">37.7% 96,519 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.1% 151,318 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2014 Alaska gubernatorial election">2014</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">0.0% 0 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.9% 128,435 </td> <td style="background:#CCCCCC">48.1% 134,658<a href="#cite_note-185">[c]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2018_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Alaska gubernatorial election">2018</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.4% 125,739 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.4% 145,631 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Alaska gubernatorial election">2022</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">24.2% 63,755 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.3% 132,392 </td></tr></tbody></table> Although in its early years of statehood Alaska was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> state, since the early 1970s it has been characterized as <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>-leaning.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> Local political communities have often worked on issues related to land use development, fishing, tourism, and individual rights. <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a>, while organized in and around their communities, have been active within the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Regional_Corporations" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native Regional Corporations">Native corporations</a>. These have been given ownership over large tracts of land, which require stewardship. Alaska was formerly the only state in which possession of one ounce or less of marijuana in one's home was completely legal under state law, though the federal law remains in force.<a href="#cite_note-seattle_times-187">[184]</a> The state has an independence movement favoring a vote on secession from the United States, with the <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Independence_Party" title="Alaskan Independence Party">Alaskan Independence Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AIPqa-188">[185]</a> Six <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> and four <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> have served as governor of Alaska. In addition, Republican governor <a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Wally Hickel</a> was elected to the office for a second term in 1990 after leaving the Republican party and briefly joining the Alaskan Independence Party ticket just long enough to be reelected. He officially rejoined the Republican party in 1994. Alaska's <a href="/wiki/2014_Alaska_Measure_2" title="2014 Alaska Measure 2">voter initiative making marijuana legal</a> took effect on February 24, 2015, placing Alaska alongside Colorado and Washington, as well as Washington D.C., as the first three U.S. states where recreational marijuana is legal. The new law means people over 21 can consume small amounts of cannabis.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> The first legal marijuana store opened in Valdez in October 2016.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voter_registration">Voter registration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Voter registration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Party registration as of June 3, 2024<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Total voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">Unaffiliated</a> </td> <td align="center">346,751 </td> <td align="center">58.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td align="center">143,401 </td> <td align="center">24.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td align="center">73,598 </td> <td align="center">12.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFC14E; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Independence_Party" title="Alaskan Independence Party">Alaskan Independence</a> </td> <td align="center">18,768 </td> <td align="center">3.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Minor parties</a> </td> <td align="center">11,758 </td> <td align="center">1.98% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th align="center">594,276 </th> <th align="center">100.00% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxes">Taxes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Taxes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> To finance state government operations, Alaska depends primarily on petroleum revenues and federal subsidies. This allows it to have the lowest individual tax burden in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> It is one of five states with no <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a>, one of seven states with no individual <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a>, and—along with <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>—one of two that has neither.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> The Department of Revenue Tax Division<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> reports regularly on the state's revenue sources. The department also issues an annual summary of its operations, including new state laws that directly affect the tax division. In 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a> ranked Alaska as having the fourth most "business friendly" tax policy, behind only <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> While Alaska has no state sales tax, 89 municipalities collect a local sales tax, from 1.0 to 7.5%, typically 3–5%. Other local taxes levied include raw fish taxes, hotel, motel, and bed-and-breakfast 'bed' taxes, <a href="/wiki/Severance_tax" title="Severance tax">severance taxes</a>, liquor and tobacco taxes, gaming (pull tabs) taxes, tire taxes and fuel transfer taxes. A part of the revenue collected from certain state taxes and license fees (such as petroleum, aviation motor fuel, telephone cooperative) is shared with municipalities in Alaska. The fall in oil prices after the <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United States">fracking boom</a> in the early 2010s has decimated Alaska's state treasury, which has historically received about 85 percent of its revenue from taxes and fees imposed on oil and gas companies.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> The state government has had to drastically reduce its budget, and has brought its budget shortfall from over $2 billion in 2016 to under $500 million by 2018. In 2020, Alaska's state government budget was $4.8 billion, while projected government revenues were only $4.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_politics">Federal politics</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Federal politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Alaska" title="Politics of Alaska">Politics of Alaska</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Policy_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic Policy of the United States">Arctic Policy of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska,_1960-2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg/220px-Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="371"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg/220px-Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg/330px-Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg/440px-Presidential_Vote_in_Alaska%2C_1960-2020.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A line graph showing the presidential vote by party from 1960 to 2020 in Alaska</figcaption></figure> Alaska regularly supports <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> in presidential elections and has done so since statehood. Republicans have won the state's <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral college</a> votes in all but one election that it has participated in (<a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a>). No state has voted for a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential candidate fewer times. Alaska was carried by Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> during his landslide election in <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a> and <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a> elections were close. Since <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a>, Republicans have carried the state by large margins. In <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> defeated Democrat <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in Alaska, 59.49% to 37.83%. McCain's running mate was <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>, the state's governor and the first Alaskan on a major party ticket. Obama lost Alaska again in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>, but he captured 40% of the state's vote in that election, making him the first Democrat to do so since 1968. In <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> received 42.77% of the vote for president, marking the high point for a Democratic presidential candidate since Johnson's 1964 victory. The <a href="/wiki/The_Bush_(Alaska)" title="The Bush (Alaska)">Alaska Bush</a>, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska Fairbanks</a> campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage typically have the strongest Republican showing. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Elections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ranked-choice_voting_in_the_United_States" title="Ranked-choice voting in the United States">Ranked-choice voting in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_blanket_primary" title="Nonpartisan blanket primary">Nonpartisan blanket primary</a></div>Alaska has a history of primary defeats for incumbent U.S. Senators, including Ernest Gruening, Mike Gravel, and Lisa Murkowski. However, Murkowski won re-election with a write-in campaign. Despite this, Alaska has also seen long-serving members of Congress, such as Ted Stevens, who served as a U.S. Senator for 40 years, and Don Young, who held Alaska's sole U.S. House seat for 49 years (from 1973 to 2022). In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Alaska_elections" title="2020 Alaska elections">2020 election</a> cycle, Alaskan voters approved Ballot Measure 2.<a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> The measure passed by a margin of 1.1%, or about 4,000 votes.<a href="#cite_note-:0b-199">[196]</a> The measure requires campaigns to disclose the original source and any intermediaries for campaign contributions over $2,000. The measure also establishes <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_blanket_primary" title="Nonpartisan blanket primary">non-partisan blanket primaries</a> for statewide elections (like in <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)#Elections" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a> and <a href="/wiki/California#Government_and_politics" title="California">California</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">ranked-choice voting</a> (like in <a href="/wiki/Maine#Politics" title="Maine">Maine</a>).<a href="#cite_note-:0b-199">[196]</a> Measure 2 makes Alaska the third state with <a href="/wiki/Jungle_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle primary">jungle primaries</a> for all statewide races, the second state with <a href="/wiki/Ranked_voting" title="Ranked voting">ranked choice voting</a>, and the only state with both. The 2022 special election to fill Alaska's only U.S. House seat, left vacant by the death of Don Young, was won by Mary Peltola. She became the first Democrat to win the House seat since 1972 and the first Alaskan Native elected to the United States Congress in history.<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Alaska's current statewide elected officials</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 91.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 89.333333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mike Dunleavy, Governor"><noscript><img alt="Mike Dunleavy, Governor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1775" data-file-height="2385"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Mike Dunleavy, Governor" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Mike_Dunleavy_official_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Dunleavy_(politician)" title="Mike Dunleavy (politician)">Mike Dunleavy</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Alaska">Governor</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lisa Murkowski, senior United States senator"><noscript><img alt="Lisa Murkowski, senior United States senator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg/154px-Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="3442"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 103px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg/154px-Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg" data-alt="Lisa Murkowski, senior United States senator" data-width="103" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg/232px-Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg/309px-Lisa_Murkowski_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a>, senior <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Alaska" title="List of United States senators from Alaska">United States senator</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dan Sullivan, junior United States senator"><noscript><img alt="Dan Sullivan, junior United States senator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg/144px-Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3556" data-file-height="4444"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg/144px-Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg" data-alt="Dan Sullivan, junior United States senator" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg/216px-Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg/288px-Senator_Dan_Sullivan_official.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Sullivan_(U.S._senator)" title="Dan Sullivan (U.S. senator)">Dan Sullivan</a>, junior United States senator</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_(2).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mary Peltola, United States congresswoman"><noscript><img alt="Mary Peltola, United States congresswoman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/144px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3282" data-file-height="4103"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/144px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg" data-alt="Mary Peltola, United States congresswoman" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/216px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/288px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Peltola" title="Mary Peltola">Mary Peltola</a>, United States <a href="/wiki/Alaska%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alaska's at-large congressional district">congresswoman</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/32px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 23px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/32px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="23" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/48px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/64px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Alaska" title="Portal:Alaska">Alaska portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Alaska-related_articles" title="Index of Alaska-related articles">Index of Alaska-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Alaska" title="Outline of Alaska">Outline of Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_boroughs_and_census_areas_in_Alaska" title="List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska">List of boroughs and census areas in Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Alaska" title="USS Alaska">USS Alaska</a>, 4 ships</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> These three Aleutian outer islands are about 460 miles (740 km) away from mainland USSR, 920 miles (1,480 km) from mainland Alaska, 950 miles (1,530 km) from Japan. </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> Wally Hickel would rejoin the Republican party after winning the election as a member of the Alaskan Independence Party. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Byron_Mallott" title="Byron Mallott">Byron Mallott</a>, the Democratic gubernatorial nominee, suspended his campaign and became the running mate of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Walker_(American_politician)" title="Bill Walker (American politician)">Bill Walker</a>, an independent who left the Republican Party. They won the election with 48.1% or 134,658 votes. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html">"State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates"</a>. Census.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407014954/https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census.gov&rft.atitle=State+Area+Measurements+and+Internal+Point+Coordinates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fgeographies%2Freference-files%2F2010%2Fgeo%2Fstate-area.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alaska.gov/Kids/learn/aboutgeography.htm">"Geography of Alaska, Alaska Kids' Corner, State of Alaska"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203064629/http://www.alaska.gov/kids/learn/aboutgeography.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography+of+Alaska%2C+Alaska+Kids%27+Corner%2C+State+of+Alaska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falaska.gov%2FKids%2Flearn%2Faboutgeography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-3"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevations+and+Distances+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegsc.usgs.gov%2Fisb%2Fpubs%2Fbooklets%2Felvadist%2Felvadist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/AK/INC110220">"US Census Bureau QuickFacts"</a>. Retrieved April 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Census+Bureau+QuickFacts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FAK%2FINC110220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020_Population_and_Housing_State_Data-5"><a href="#cite_ref-2020_Population_and_Housing_State_Data_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">"2020 Population and Housing State Data"</a>. census.gov. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231118183454/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+Population+and+Housing+State+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fvisualizations%2Finteractive%2F2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020Census-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020Census_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020Census_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html">"2020 Census Apportionment Results"</a>. census.gov. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426210008/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-apportionment-data.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov&rft.atitle=2020+Census+Apportionment+Results&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fdata%2Ftables%2F2020%2Fdec%2F2020-apportionment-data.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lydiablack-7"><a href="#cite_ref-lydiablack_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2004" class="citation book cs1">Black, Lydia (2004). Russians in Alaska, 1732-1867. University of Alaska Press. pp. 217, 218.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russians+in+Alaska%2C+1732-1867&rft.pages=217%2C+218&rft.pub=University+of+Alaska+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Lydia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1959-01-05_49th_Star_Alaska_Statehood">Video: 49th Star. Alaska Statehood, New Flag, Official, 1959/01/05 (1959)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Newsreel" title="Universal Newsreel">Universal Newsreel</a>. 1959. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515054607/http://archive.org/details/1959-01-05_49th_Star_Alaska_Statehood">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2012. Retrieved February 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video%3A+49th+Star.+Alaska+Statehood%2C+New+Flag%2C+Official%2C+1959%2F01%2F05+%281959%29&rft.pub=Universal+Newsreel&rft.date=1959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F1959-01-05_49th_Star_Alaska_Statehood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlaska" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/AK">"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Alaska"</a>. census.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229232038/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/AK">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2018. 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 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sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Alaska at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alaska" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Alaska">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alaska" class="extiw" title="c:Alaska">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Alaska" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Alaska">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Alaska" class="extiw" title="q:Alaska">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alaska" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Alaska">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alaska" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Alaska">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Alaska" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Alaska">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Alaska" class="extiw" title="voy:Alaska">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vilda.alaska.edu/index.php">Alaska's Digital Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120224655/http://aitc.org/">Alaska Inter-Tribal Council</a></li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.649115">Alaska (1967)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 16px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="16" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1116270">Alaska</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525013530/http://acmedia.alaskacommons.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Who-Owns-Manages-Alaska.gif">Who Owns/Manages Alaska?</a> (map)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1203">Carl J. Sacarlasen Diary Extracts</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/2292">M.E. Diemer Alaska Photographs</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/beinecke.brooksah" class="extiw" title="hdl:10079/fa/beinecke.brooksah">Alfred Hulse Brooks Photographs and Papers</a>. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._federal_government">U.S. federal government</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: U.S. federal government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/alaska/index.html">Alaska State Guide from the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=AK">Energy & Environmental Data for Alaska</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=AK">USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Alaska</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111223103214/http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=AK">Archived</a> December 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527092920/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/02000.html">US Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=02&StateName=Alaska">Alaska State Facts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eisenhower.archives.gov/research/subject_guides/pdf/Alaska_Statehood.pdf">Alaska Statehood Subject Guide from the Eisenhower Presidential Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113081919/https://eisenhower.archives.gov/research/subject_guides/pdf/Alaska_Statehood.pdf">Archived</a> November 13, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/alaska_statehood.html">Alaska Statehood documents, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170721225327/https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/research/online_documents/alaska_statehood.html">Archived</a> July 21, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_state_government">Alaska state government</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Alaska state government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaska.gov/">State of Alaska website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015204815/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Alaska">Alaska State Databases</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330022055/http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/ssd/recoff/terminology.cfm">Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Recorder's Office</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a> Admitted on January 3, 1959 (49th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Hawaii</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alaska&params=64_N_152_W_dim:2000000_region:US-AK_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Alaska">64°N 152°W / 64°N 152°W / 64; -152 (State of Alaska)</a>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&oldid=1259094828">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaska&oldid=1259094828</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Alaska&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 09:31 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8B%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%AB" title="አላስካ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አላስካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92alasc%C3%A6" title="Ēalascæ – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēalascæ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ألاسكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألاسكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9F%DC%90" title="ܐܠܐܣܟܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܠܐܣܟܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D6%84%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Ալասքա (նահանգ) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալասքա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1ka" title="Aláka – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aláka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_suyu" title="Alaska suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alaska suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyaska" title="Alyaska – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alyaska" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلاسکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আলাস্কা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলাস্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Аляска (штат) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аляска (штат)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaska" title="Aljaska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Aljaska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alja%C5%A1ka" title="Aljaška – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aljaška" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ألاسكا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ألاسكا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hak%CA%BCaz_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Αλάσκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλάσκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A0ska" title="Alàska – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Alàska" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasko" title="Alasko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alasko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلاسکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A2ska" title="Alâska – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Alâska" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="阿拉斯加州 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿拉斯加州" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلاسکا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE" title="અલાસ્કા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અલાસ્કા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%9E%98%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%A3%BC" title="알래스카주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알래스카주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%80laka" title="ʻĀlaka – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĀlaka" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Ալյասկա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալյասկա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaska" title="Aljaska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aljaska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80l%C3%A1sk%C3%A0" title="Àláskà – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Àláskà" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="আলাস্কা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="আলাস্কা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%93%9B%E1%93%AF%E1%91%B2" title="ᐊᓛᓯᑲ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᓛᓯᑲ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaaskaq" title="Alaaskaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Alaaskaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Аляскæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аляскæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-Alaskha" title="I-Alaskha – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-Alaskha" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אלסקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלסקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaskaa" title="Alaskaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alaskaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95" title="ಅಲಾಸ್ಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಲಾಸ್ಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ალასკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალასკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2" title="ອາລາສກາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອາລາສກາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%BCaska" title="Aļaska – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Aļaska" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaska" title="Aliaska – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aliaska" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaszka" title="Alaszka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alaszka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Алјаска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алјаска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="അലാസ്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അലാസ്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araka" title="Araka – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Araka" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ალასკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალასკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7" title="الاسكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاسكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="آلاسکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯑꯂꯥꯁꯀꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯂꯥꯁꯀꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အလက်စကာပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အလက်စကာပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="アラスカ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラスカ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE" title="ଆଲାସ୍କା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲାସ୍କା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਅਲਾਸਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲਾਸਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="الاسکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الاسکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="الاسکا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الاسکا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyaska" title="Alyaska – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Alyaska" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A2ska" title="Alâska – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alâska" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alasca" title="Alasca – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Alasca" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_suyu" title="Alaska suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alaska suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="अलास्का – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अलास्का" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱟᱞᱟᱥᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱞᱟᱥᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඇලස්කාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇලස්කාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="الاسڪا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الاسڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alja%C5%A1ka" title="Aljaška – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aljaška" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaska" title="Aljaska – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Aljaska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аласка – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Аласка" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="ئالاسکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئالاسکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аљаска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аљаска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaska" title="Aljaska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aljaska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="அலாஸ்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலாஸ்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%E1%B9%A3ka" title="Alaṣka – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Alaṣka" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE" title="అలాస్కా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అలాస్కా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="รัฐอะแลสกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐอะแลสกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAlasik%C4%81" title="ʻAlasikā – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAlasikā" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%BDaska" title="Alýaska – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alýaska" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аляска – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аляска" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="الاسکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الاسکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyaska_Shitati" title="Alyaska Shitati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Alyaska Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalask%C3%A4n" title="Lalaskän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lalaskän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="阿拉斯加州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="阿拉斯加州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" title="阿拉斯加 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿拉斯加" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="אלאסקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלאסקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="阿拉斯加州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿拉斯加州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleska" title="Aleska – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Aleska" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" title="阿拉斯加州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿拉斯加州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Alaska" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljaska" title="Aljaska – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Aljaska" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%BD%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⵍⴰⵙⴽⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⴰⵙⴽⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 09:31 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nfzrr","wgBackendResponseTime":330,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_359341091129194072cb70317db5a75154bf7499":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q797","properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#ff0000","title":"Alaska"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.558","walltime":"3.036","ppvisitednodes":{"value":26069,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":692615,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":109875,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":105,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":707563,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2488.408 1 -total"," 35.29% 878.249 3 Template:Reflist"," 24.87% 618.836 146 Template:Cite_web"," 13.37% 332.645 2 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