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Zafar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Nazir Ahmad Zafar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Nazir Ahmad Zafar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Nazir Ahmad Zafar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 446</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Nazir Ahmad Zafar</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> Construction of Intersection of Nondeterministic Finite Automata using Z Notation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazir%20Ahmad%20Zafar">Nazir Ahmad Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nabeel%20Sabir"> Nabeel Sabir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amir%20Ali"> Amir Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functionalities and control behavior are both primary requirements in design of a complex system. Automata theory plays an important role in modeling behavior of a system. Z is an ideal notation which is used for describing state space of a system and then defining operations over it. Consequently, an integration of automata and Z will be an effective tool for increasing modeling power for a complex system. Further, nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) may have different implementations and therefore it is needed to verify the transformation from diagrams to a code. If we describe formal specification of an NFA before implementing it, then confidence over transformation can be increased. In this paper, we have given a procedure for integrating NFA and Z. Complement of a special type of NFA is defined. Then union of two NFAs is formalized after defining their complements. Finally, formal construction of intersection of NFAs is described. The specification of this relationship is analyzed and validated using Z/EVES tool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modeling" title="Modeling">Modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nondeterministic%20finite%20automata" title=" Nondeterministic finite automata"> Nondeterministic finite automata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Znotation" title=" Znotation"> Znotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Integration%20of%20approaches" title=" Integration of approaches"> Integration of approaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Validation." title=" Validation."> Validation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/construction-of-intersection-of-nondeterministic-finite-automata-using-z-notation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Investigation of Time Delay Factors in Global Software Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalid%20Khan">Khalid Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atique%20Ahmad%20Zafar"> Atique Ahmad Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Alnuem"> Mohammed A. Alnuem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hashim%20Khan"> Hashim Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global Software Development (GSD) projects are passing through different boundaries of a company, country and even in other continents where time zone differs between both sites. Beside many benefits of such development, research declared plenty of negative impacts on these GSD projects. It is important to understand problems which may lie during the execution of GSD project with different time zones. This research project discussed and provided different issues related to time delays in GSD projects. In this paper, authors investigated some of the time delay factors which usually lie in GSD projects with different time zones. This investigation is done through systematic review of literature. Furthermore, the practices to overcome these delay factors which have already been reported in literature and GSD organizations are also explored through literature survey and case studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Case%20Studies" title="Case Studies">Case Studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Global%20Software%20Development" title=" Global Software Development"> Global Software Development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Global%0ASoftware%20Engineering" title=" Global Software Engineering"> Global Software Engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Temporal%20Difference" title=" Temporal Difference"> Temporal Difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Time%20Delay" title=" Time Delay"> Time Delay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/investigation-of-time-delay-factors-in-global-software-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1988</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Mobile Learning Implementation: Students- Perceptions in UTP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Sobri%20bin%20Hashim">Ahmad Sobri bin Hashim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wan%20Fatimah%20Bt.%20Wan%20Ahmad"> Wan Fatimah Bt. Wan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rohiza%20Bt.%20Ahmad"> Rohiza Bt. Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mobile Learning (M-Learning) is a new technology which is to enhance current learning practices and activities for all people especially students and academic practitioners UTP is currently, implemented two types of learning styles which are conventional and electronic learning. In order to improve current learning approaches, it is necessary for UTP to implement m-learning in UTP. This paper presents a study on the students- perceptions on mobile utilization in the learning practices in UTP. Besides, this paper also presents a survey that was conducted among 82 students from System Analysis and Design (SAD) course in UTP. The survey includes basic information of mobile devices that have been used by the students, opinions on current learning practices and also the opinions regarding the m-learning implementation in the current learning practices especially in SAD course. Based on the results of the survey, majority of the students are using the mobile devices that can support m-learning environment. Other than that, students also agreed that current learning practices are ineffective and they believe that m-learning utilization can improve the effectiveness of current learning practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=m-learning" title="m-learning">m-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=conventional%20learning" title=" conventional learning"> conventional learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electronic%0Alearning" title=" electronic learning"> electronic learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mobile%20devices." title=" mobile devices."> mobile devices.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/mobile-learning-implementation-students-perceptions-in-utp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> PP-FSM: Peer to Peer File Share for Multimedia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arsalan%20Ali%20Shah">Arsalan Ali Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zafar%20I.%20Malik"> Zafar I. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaukat%20Ali"> Shaukat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Peer-to-Peer (P2P) is a self-organizing resource sharing network with no centralized authority or infrastructure, which makes it unpredictable and vulnerable. In this paper, we propose architecture to make the peer-to-peer network more centralized, predictable, and safer to use by implementing trust and stopping free riding.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=File%20Share" title="File Share">File Share</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Free%20Riding" title=" Free Riding"> Free Riding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Peer-to-Peer" title=" Peer-to-Peer"> Peer-to-Peer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trust." title=" Trust."> Trust.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/pp-fsm-peer-to-peer-file-share-for-multimedia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2047</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Extended Cubic B-spline Interpolation Method Applied to Linear Two-Point Boundary Value Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Nadiah%20Abd%20Hamid">Nur Nadiah Abd Hamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Abd.%20Majid"> Ahmad Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izani%20Md.%20Ismail"> Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Linear two-point boundary value problem of order two is solved using extended cubic B-spline interpolation method. There is one free parameters, λ, that control the tension of the solution curve. For some λ, this method produced better results than cubic B-spline interpolation method.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-point%20boundary%20value%20problem" title="two-point boundary value problem">two-point boundary value problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B-spline" title=" B-spline"> B-spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extendedcubic%20B-spline." title=" extendedcubic B-spline."> extendedcubic B-spline.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/extended-cubic-b-spline-interpolation-method-applied-to-linear-two-point-boundary-value-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Three Computational Mathematics Techniques: Comparative Determination of Area under Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khalid%20Pervaiz%20Akhter">Khalid Pervaiz Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahmood%20Ahmad"> Mahmood Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ghulam%20Murtaza"> Ghulam Murtaza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ishrat%20Shafi"> Ishrat Shafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zafar%20Javed"> Zafar Javed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The objective of this manuscript is to find area under the plasma concentration- time curve (AUC) for multiple doses of salbutamol sulphate sustained release tablets (Ventolin® oral tablets SR 8 mg, GSK, Pakistan) in the group of 18 healthy adults by using computational mathematics techniques. Following the administration of 4 doses of Ventolin® tablets 12 hourly to 24 healthy human subjects and bioanalysis of obtained plasma samples, plasma drug concentration-time profile was constructed. AUC, an important pharmacokinetic parameter, was measured using integrated equation of multiple oral dose regimens. The approximated AUC was also calculated by using computational mathematics techniques such as repeated rectangular, repeated trapezium and repeated Simpson's rule and compared with exact value of AUC calculated by using integrated equation of multiple oral dose regimens to find best computational mathematics method that gives AUC values closest to exact. The exact values of AUC for four consecutive doses of Ventolin® oral tablets were 150.5819473, 157.8131756, 164.4178231 and 162.78 ng.h/ml while the closest values approximated AUC values were 149.245962, 157.336171, 164.2585768 and 162.289224 ng.h/ml, respectively as found by repeated rectangular rule. The errors in the approximated values of AUC were negligible. It is concluded that all computational tools approximated values of AUC accurately but the repeated rectangular rule gives slightly better approximated values of AUC as compared to repeated trapezium and repeated Simpson's rules.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salbutamol%20sulphate" title="Salbutamol sulphate">Salbutamol sulphate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Area%20under%20curve%20%28AUC%29" title=" Area under curve (AUC)"> Area under curve (AUC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=repeated%20rectangular%20rule" title=" repeated rectangular rule"> repeated rectangular rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=repeated%20trapezium%20rule" title=" repeated trapezium rule"> repeated trapezium rule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=repeated%20Simpson%27s%20rule." title=" repeated Simpson's rule."> repeated Simpson's rule.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/three-computational-mathematics-techniques-comparative-determination-of-area-under-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1842</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> A Comparison of Some Splines-Based Methods for the One-dimensional Heat Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Joan%20Goh">Joan Goh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Abd.%20Majid">Ahmad Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izani%20Md.%20Ismail"> Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, collocation based cubic B-spline and extended cubic uniform B-spline method are considered for solving one-dimensional heat equation with a nonlocal initial condition. Finite difference and θ-weighted scheme is used for time and space discretization respectively. The stability of the method is analyzed by the Von Neumann method. Accuracy of the methods is illustrated with an example. The numerical results are obtained and compared with the analytical solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20equation" title="Heat equation">Heat equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Collocation%20based" title=" Collocation based"> Collocation based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cubic%20Bspline" title=" Cubic Bspline"> Cubic Bspline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extended%20cubic%20uniform%20B-spline." title=" Extended cubic uniform B-spline."> Extended cubic uniform B-spline.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/a-comparison-of-some-splines-based-methods-for-the-one-dimensional-heat-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1904</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Parallel Hybrid Honeypot and IDS Architecture to Detect Network Attacks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hafiz%20Gulfam%20Ahmad">Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chuangdong%20Li"> Chuangdong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zeeshan%20Ahmad"> Zeeshan Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, we have proposed a parallel IDS and honeypot based approach to detect and analyze the unknown and known attack taxonomy for improving the IDS performance and protecting the network from intruders. The main theme of our approach is to record and analyze the intruder activities by using both the low and high interaction honeypots. Our architecture aims to achieve the required goals by combing signature based IDS, honeypots and generate the new signatures. The paper describes the basic component, design and implementation of this approach and also demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach to reduce the probability of network attacks.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Network%20security" title="Network security">Network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intrusion%20detection" title=" Intrusion detection"> Intrusion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Honeypot" title=" Honeypot"> Honeypot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Snort" title=" Snort"> Snort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nmap." title=" Nmap."> Nmap.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/parallel-hybrid-honeypot-and-ids-architecture-to-detect-network-attacks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Soil Mass Loss Reduction during Rainfalls by Reinforcing the Slopes with the Surficial Confinement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ramli%20Nazir">Ramli Nazir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hossein%20Moayedi"> Hossein Moayedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Soil confinement systems serve as effective solutions to any erosion control project. Various confinements systems, namely triangular, circular and rectangular with the size of 50, 100, and 150 mm, and with a depth of 10 mm, were embedded in soil samples at slope angle of 60°. The observed soil mass losses for the confined soil systems were much smaller than those from unconfined system. As a result, the size of confinement and rainfall intensity have a direct effect on the soil mass loss. The triangular and rectangular confinement systems showed the lowest and highest soil loss masses, respectively. The slopes also failed much faster in the unconfined system than in the confined slope.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erosion%20control" title="Erosion control">Erosion control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soil%20confinement" title=" Soil confinement"> Soil confinement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soil%20erosion" title=" Soil erosion"> Soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slope%20stability." title=" Slope stability."> Slope stability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/soil-mass-loss-reduction-during-rainfalls-by-reinforcing-the-slopes-with-the-surficial-confinement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1862</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Cubic Trigonometric B-Spline Applied to Linear Two-Point Boundary Value Problems of Order Two</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Nadiah%20Abd%20Hamid">Nur Nadiah Abd Hamid </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Abd.%20Majid"> Ahmad Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izani%20Md.%20Ismail"> Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Linear two-point boundary value problems of order two are solved using cubic trigonometric B-spline interpolation method (CTBIM). Cubic trigonometric B-spline is a piecewise function consisting of trigonometric equations. This method is tested on some problems and the results are compared with cubic B-spline interpolation method (CBIM) from the literature. CTBIM is found to approximate the solution slightly more accurately than CBIM if the problems are trigonometric. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trigonometric%20B-spline" title="trigonometric B-spline">trigonometric B-spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=two-point%20boundary%20valueproblem" title=" two-point boundary valueproblem"> two-point boundary valueproblem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spline%20interpolation" title=" spline interpolation"> spline interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cubic%20spline" title=" cubic spline"> cubic spline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/cubic-trigonometric-b-spline-applied-to-linear-two-point-boundary-value-problems-of-order-two" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2578</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> Moving towards Positive Security Model for Web Application Firewall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asrul%20H.%20Yaacob">Asrul H. Yaacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nazrul%20M.%20Ahmad"> Nazrul M. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20N.%20Ahmad"> Nurul N. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mardeni%20Roslee"> Mardeni Roslee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The proliferation of web application and the pervasiveness of mobile technology make web-based attacks even more attractive and even easier to launch. Web Application Firewall (WAF) is an intermediate tool between web server and users that provides comprehensive protection for web application. WAF is a negative security model where the detection and prevention mechanisms are based on predefined or user-defined attack signatures and patterns. However, WAF alone is not adequate to offer best defensive system against web vulnerabilities that are increasing in number and complexity daily. This paper presents a methodology to automatically design a positive security based model which identifies and allows only legitimate web queries. The paper shows a true positive rate of more than 90% can be achieved.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intrusion%20Detection%20System" title="Intrusion Detection System">Intrusion Detection System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Positive%20Security%20Model" title=" Positive Security Model"> Positive Security Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Web%20application%20Firewall" title=" Web application Firewall"> Web application Firewall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/moving-towards-positive-security-model-for-web-application-firewall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2736</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> Modular Harmonic Cancellation in a Multiplier High Voltage Direct Current Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Zahran">Ahmad Zahran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmed%20Herzallah"> Ahmed Herzallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Ahmad"> Ahmad Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahran%20Quraan"> Mahran Quraan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Generation of high DC voltages is necessary for testing the insulation material of high voltage AC transmission lines with long lengths. The harmonic and ripple contents of the output DC voltage supplied by high voltage DC circuits require the use of costly capacitors to smooth the output voltage after rectification. This paper proposes a new modular multiplier high voltage DC generator with embedded Cockcroft-Walton circuits that achieve a negligible harmonic and ripple contents of the output DC voltage without the need for costly filters to produce a nearly constant output voltage. In this new topology, Cockcroft-Walton modules are connected in series to produce a high DC output voltage. The modules are supplied by low input AC voltage sources that have the same magnitude and frequency and shifted from each other by a certain angle to eliminate the harmonics from the output voltage. The small ripple factor is provided by the smoothing column capacitors and the phase shifted input voltages of the cascaded modules. The constituent harmonics within each module are determined using Fourier analysis. The viability of the proposed DC generator for testing purposes and the effectiveness of the cascaded connection are confirmed by numerical simulations using MATLAB/Simulink.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cockcroft-Walton%20circuit" title="Cockcroft-Walton circuit">Cockcroft-Walton circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harmonics" title=" Harmonics"> Harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ripple%20factor" title=" Ripple factor"> Ripple factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=HVDC%20generator." title=" HVDC generator. "> HVDC generator. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/modular-harmonic-cancellation-in-a-multiplier-high-voltage-direct-current-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">831</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">434</span> Assessment of Solid Insulating Material Using Partial Discharge Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qasim%20Khan">Qasim Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Furkan%20Ahmad"> Furkan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Asfar%20A.%20Khan"> Asfar A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Saad%20Alam"> M. Saad Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Faiz%20Ahmad"> Faiz Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, partial discharge analysis is performed in cavities artificially created in insulation. The setup is according with Cigre-II Method. Circular Samples created from Perspex Sheet with different configuration with changing number of cavities. Assessment of insulation health can be performed by Partial Discharge measurement as this has been found to be important means of condition monitoring. The experiments are done using MPD 540, which is a modern partial discharge measurement system. By analyzing the PD activity obtained for various voids/cavities, it is observed that the PD voltages show variation for cavity’s diameter, depth even for its ratios. This can be employed for scrutiny of insulation system.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Partial%20discharges" title="Partial discharges">Partial discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=condition%20monitoring" title=" condition monitoring"> condition monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MPD%20540" title=" MPD 540"> MPD 540</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cavities%2Fdefects" title=" cavities/defects"> cavities/defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=degradation%20and%20corrosion" title=" degradation and corrosion"> degradation and corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PMMA." title=" PMMA."> PMMA.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/assessment-of-solid-insulating-material-using-partial-discharge-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">433</span> Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow from a Vertical Cone in a Porous Medium Filled with a Nanofluid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ezzah%20Liana%20Ahmad%20Fauzi">Ezzah Liana Ahmad Fauzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syakila%20Ahmad"> Syakila Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ioan%20Pop"> Ioan Pop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The steady mixed convection boundary layer flow from a vertical cone in a porous medium filled with a nanofluid is numerically investigated using different types of nanoparticles as Cu (copper), Al2O3 (alumina) and TiO2 (titania). The boundary value problem is solved by using the shooting technique by reducing it into an ordinary differential equation. Results of interest for the local Nusselt number with various values of the constant mixed convection parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction parameter are evaluated. It is found that dual solutions exist for a certain range of mixed convection parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=boundary%20layer" title="boundary layer">boundary layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nanofluid" title=" nanofluid"> nanofluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=porous%0Amedium" title=" porous medium"> porous medium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vertical%20cone." title=" vertical cone."> vertical cone.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/mixed-convection-boundary-layer-flow-from-a-vertical-cone-in-a-porous-medium-filled-with-a-nanofluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">432</span> A New Divide and Conquer Software Process Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hina%20Gull">Hina Gull</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farooque%20Azam"> Farooque Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wasi%20Haider%20Butt"> Wasi Haider Butt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sardar%20Zafar%20Iqbal"> Sardar Zafar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The software system goes through a number of stages during its life and a software process model gives a standard format for planning, organizing and running a project. The article presents a new software development process model named as “Divide and Conquer Process Model", based on the idea first it divides the things to make them simple and then gathered them to get the whole work done. The article begins with the backgrounds of different software process models and problems in these models. This is followed by a new divide and conquer process model, explanation of its different stages and at the end edge over other models is shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Process%20Model" title="Process Model">Process Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Waterfall" title=" Waterfall"> Waterfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=divide%20and%20conquer" title=" divide and conquer"> divide and conquer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Requirements." title="Requirements.">Requirements.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/a-new-divide-and-conquer-software-process-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1931</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">431</span> Software Architectural Design Ontology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan%20Marwat">Muhammad Irfan Marwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sadaqat%20Jan"> Sadaqat Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Syed%20Zafar%20Ali%20Shah"> Syed Zafar Ali Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Software Architecture plays a key role in software development but absence of formal description of Software Architecture causes different impede in software development. To cope with these difficulties, ontology has been used as artifact. This paper proposes ontology for Software Architectural design based on IEEE model for architecture description and Kruchten 4+1 model for viewpoints classification. For categorization of style and views, ISO/IEC 42010 has been used. Corpus method has been used to evaluate ontology. The main aim of the proposed ontology is to classify and locate Software Architectural design information.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20Architecture%20Ontology" title="Software Architecture Ontology">Software Architecture Ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semantic%20based%20Software%20Architecture" title=" Semantic based Software Architecture"> Semantic based Software Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20Architecture" title=" Software Architecture"> Software Architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ontology" title=" Ontology"> Ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20Engineering." title=" Software Engineering. "> Software Engineering. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/software-architectural-design-ontology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9996595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">4189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">430</span> Context-Aware Querying in Multimedia Databases – A Futuristic Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Iftikhar">Nadeem Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zouhaib%20Zafar"> Zouhaib Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaukat%20Ali"> Shaukat Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Efficient retrieval of multimedia objects has gained enormous focus in recent years. A number of techniques have been suggested for retrieval of textual information; however, relatively little has been suggested for efficient retrieval of multimedia objects. In this paper we have proposed a generic architecture for contextaware retrieval of multimedia objects. The proposed framework combines the well-known approaches of text-based retrieval and context-aware retrieval to formulate architecture for accurate retrieval of multimedia data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Context-aware%20retrieval" title="Context-aware retrieval">Context-aware retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multimedia%20databases" title=" multimedia databases"> multimedia databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multimedia%20data." title=" multimedia data."> multimedia data.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/context-aware-querying-in-multimedia-databases-a-futuristic-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">429</span> PEIBM- Perceiving Emotions using an Intelligent Behavioral Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maryam%20Humayun">Maryam Humayun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zafar%20I.%20Malik"> Zafar I. Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaukat%20Ali"> Shaukat Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Computer animation is a widely adopted technique used to specify the movement of various objects on screen. The key issue of this technique is the specification of motion. Motion Control Methods are such methods which are used to specify the actions of objects. This paper discusses the various types of motion control methods with special focus on behavioral animation. A behavioral model is also proposed which takes into account the emotions and perceptions of an actor which in turn generate its behavior. This model makes use of an expert system to generate tasks for the actors which specify the actions to be performed in the virtual environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Behavioral%20animation" title="Behavioral animation">Behavioral animation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=expert%20system" title=" expert system"> expert system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=perception." title=" perception."> perception.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/peibm-perceiving-emotions-using-an-intelligent-behavioral-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">428</span> Effect of Boric Acid on a-Hydroxy Acids Compounds in Thin Layer Chromatography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Elham%20Moniri">Elham Moniri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Homayon%20Ahmad%20Panahi"> Homayon Ahmad Panahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izadi"> Ahmad Izadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Mehdi%20Parvin"> Mohamad Mehdi Parvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Atyeh%20Rahimi"> Atyeh Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation Salicylic acid, Sulfosalicylic acid and Acetyl salicylic acid were chosen as a sample for thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates. Bicarbonate buffer at different pH containing different amounts of boric acid was applied as mobile phase. Specific interaction of these substances with boric acid has effect on Rf in thin layer chromatography. Regular and similar trend was observed in variations of Rf for mentioned compounds in TLC by altering of percentages of boric acid in mobile phase in pH range of 8-10. Also effect of organic solvent, mixture of water/ organic solvent and organic solvent containing boric acid as mobile phase was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thin%20layer%20chromatography%20%28TLC%29" title="Thin layer chromatography (TLC)">Thin layer chromatography (TLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aspirin" title=" Aspirin"> Aspirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Salicylic%20acid" title="Salicylic acid">Salicylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sulfosalycylic%20acid" title=" Sulfosalycylic acid"> Sulfosalycylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boric%20acid." title=" Boric acid."> Boric acid.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/effect-of-boric-acid-on-a-hydroxy-acids-compounds-in-thin-layer-chromatography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">427</span> Factors Adopting E-Travel Website: The Case of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vera%20Pujani">Vera Pujani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alfitman"> Alfitman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Refdinal%20Nazir"> Refdinal Nazir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>E-travel is travel agency-s companies employing internet and website as e-commerce context. This study presents numerous initial key factors of electronic travel model based on small travel agencies perspectives. Browsing previous studies related to website travel activities are conducted. Five small travel agencies in Indonesia has been deeply interviewed in case studies. The finding of this research is identifying numerous characteristics and dimension factors and travel website operations including ownermanager roles, business experiences, characteristically business, and technological aspects. This study is the preliminary research related to travel website adoption in Indonesia. The further study would be conducted in questionnaires of the quantitative research in Indonesia contexts as a developing country.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=travel%20agency" title=" travel agency"> travel agency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=e-commerce" title=" e-commerce"> e-commerce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=website" title=" website"> website</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=developing%20country" title=" developing country"> developing country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=small%20business" title=" small business"> small business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=case%20study." title=" case study."> case study.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/factors-adopting-e-travel-website-the-case-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3038</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">426</span> Cubic Trigonometric B-spline Approach to Numerical Solution of Wave Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shazalina%20Mat%20Zin">Shazalina Mat Zin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Abd.%20Majid"> Ahmad Abd. Majid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Izani%20Md.%20Ismail"> Ahmad Izani Md. Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Abbas"> Muhammad Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The generalized wave equation models various problems in sciences and engineering. In this paper, a new three-time level implicit approach based on cubic trigonometric B-spline for the approximate solution of wave equation is developed. The usual finite difference approach is used to discretize the time derivative while cubic trigonometric B-spline is applied as an interpolating function in the space dimension. Von Neumann stability analysis is used to analyze the proposed method. Two problems are discussed to exhibit the feasibility and capability of the method. The absolute errors and maximum error are computed to assess the performance of the proposed method. The results were found to be in good agreement with known solutions and with existing schemes in literature.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Collocation%20method" title="Collocation method">Collocation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cubic%20trigonometric%20B-spline" title=" Cubic trigonometric B-spline"> Cubic trigonometric B-spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Finite%20difference" title=" Finite difference"> Finite difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wave%20equation." title=" Wave equation."> Wave equation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/cubic-trigonometric-b-spline-approach-to-numerical-solution-of-wave-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2603</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">425</span> A Finite Element Model for Estimating Young-s Modulus of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composites Incorporating Elastic Cross-Links</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaveh%20PourAkbar%20Saffar">Kaveh PourAkbar Saffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nima%20JamilPour"> Nima JamilPour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Raeisi%20Najafi"> Ahmad Raeisi Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gholamreza%20Rouhi"> Gholamreza Rouhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Reza%20Arshi">Ahmad Reza Arshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdolhossein%20Fereidoon"> Abdolhossein Fereidoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The presence of chemical bonding between functionalized carbon nanotubes and matrix in carbon nanotube reinforced composites is modeled by elastic beam elements representing covalent bonding characteristics. Neglecting other reinforcing mechanisms in the composite such as relatively weak interatomic Van der Waals forces, this model shows close results to the Rule of Mixtures model-s prediction for effective Young-s modulus of a Representative Volume Element of composite for small volume fractions (~1%) and high aspect ratios (L/D>200) of CNTs.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Beam%20Element" title="Beam Element">Beam Element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carbon%20Nanotube%20Reinforced%0D%0AComposite" title=" Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composite"> Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cross-link" title=" Cross-link"> Cross-link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Young%27s%20modulus." title=" Young's modulus."> Young's modulus.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/a-finite-element-model-for-estimating-young-s-modulus-of-carbon-nanotube-reinforced-composites-incorporating-elastic-cross-links" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">424</span> Root Growth of Morus alba as Affected by Size of Cuttings and Polythene Low Tunnel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irfan%20Ahmad">Irfan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tahir%20Siddiqui"> Tahir Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rashid%20Ahmad%20Khan"> Rashid Ahmad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tahir%20Munir%20Butt"> Tahir Munir Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>An effort to find out the smaller size of cuttings for propagation of Morus alba was made in experimental area Department of Forestry, Range Management and Wildlife, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Different size of cuttings i.e. 2", 4", 6" and 8" were planted in polythene tubes of 3.5"x7". The effort was also made to compare the performance of cuttings in open air and in polythene low tunnel. Root length, number of root branches, root diameter and root fresh and dry weight were found maximum in two inches cuttings while minimum in four inches cuttings. Root growth was found maximum in open air as compared to under polythene sheet.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cutting%20sizes%20Morus%20alba" title="cutting sizes Morus alba">cutting sizes Morus alba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Open%20air%20and%20polythene%20sheet" title=" Open air and polythene sheet"> Open air and polythene sheet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=root%20growth" title=" root growth"> root growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/root-growth-of-morus-alba-as-affected-by-size-of-cuttings-and-polythene-low-tunnel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11201.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3072</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">423</span> A Frame Work for Query Results Refinement in Multimedia Databases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Humaira%20Liaquat">Humaira Liaquat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nadeem%20Iftikhar"> Nadeem Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shaukat%20Ali"> Shaukat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zohaib%20Zafar%20Iqbal"> Zohaib Zafar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current age, retrieval of relevant information from massive amount of data is a challenging job. Over the years, precise and relevant retrieval of information has attained high significance. There is a growing need in the market to build systems, which can retrieve multimedia information that precisely meets the user's current needs. In this paper, we have introduced a framework for refining query results before showing it to the user, using ambient intelligence, user profile, group profile, user location, time, day, user device type and extracted features. A prototypic tool was also developed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Context%20aware%20retrieval" title="Context aware retrieval">Context aware retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Information%20retrieval" title=" Information retrieval"> Information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ambient%20Intelligence" title=" Ambient Intelligence"> Ambient Intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Multimedia%20databases" title=" Multimedia databases"> Multimedia databases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=User%20and%20group%20profile." title=" User and group profile."> User and group profile.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/a-frame-work-for-query-results-refinement-in-multimedia-databases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">422</span> Sound Absorption of Arenga Pinnata Natural Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lindawati%20Ismail">Lindawati Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd.%20Imran%20Ghazali"> Mohd. Imran Ghazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahruddin%20Mahzan"> Shahruddin Mahzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Mujahid%20Ahmad%20Zaidi"> Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Arenga pinnata is an abundantly natural fiber that can be used for sound proof material. However, the scientific data of acoustics properties of Arenga pinnata was not available yet. In this study the sound absorption of pure arenga pinnata was measured. The thickness of Arenga pinnata was varied in 10 mm, 20 mm, 30mm, and 40mm. This work was carried out to investigate the potential of using Arenga pinnata fiber as raw material for sound absorbing material. Impedance Tube Method was used to measure sound absorption coefficient (α). The Measurements was done in accordance with ASTM E1050-98, that is the standard test method for impedance and absorption of acoustical materials using a tube, two microphones and a digital frequency analysis system . The results showed that sound absorption coefficients of Arenga pinnata were good from 2000 Hz to 5000 Hz within the range of 0.75 – 0.90. The optimum sound absorption coefficient was obtained from the thickness of 40 mm. These results indicated that Arenga pinnata fiber is promising to be used as raw material of sound absorbing material with low cost, light, and biodegradable.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sound%20absorption" title="Sound absorption">Sound absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Arenga%20pinnata" title=" Arenga pinnata"> Arenga pinnata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=raw%20material." title=" raw material."> raw material.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/sound-absorption-of-arenga-pinnata-natural-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3618</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">421</span> Digital Social Networks: Examining the Knowledge Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nurul%20Aini%20M.%20Nordan">Nurul Aini M. Nordan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20I.%20Z.%20Abidin"> Ahmad I. Z. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20K.%20Mahmood"> Ahmad K. Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Noreen%20I.%20Arshad"> Noreen I. Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today-s information age, numbers of organizations are still arguing on capitalizing the values of Information Technology (IT) and Knowledge Management (KM) to which individuals can benefit from and effective communication among the individuals can be established. IT exists in enabling positive improvement for communication among knowledge workers (k-workers) with a number of social network technology domains at workplace. The acceptance of digital discourse in sharing of knowledge and facilitating the knowledge and information flows at most of the organizations indeed impose the culture of knowledge sharing in Digital Social Networks (DSN). Therefore, this study examines whether the k-workers with IT background would confer an effect on the three knowledge characteristics -- conceptual, contextual, and operational. Derived from these three knowledge characteristics, five potential factors will be examined on the effects of knowledge exchange via e-mail domain as the chosen query. It is expected, that the results could provide such a parameter in exploring how DSN contributes in supporting the k-workers- virtues, performance and qualities as well as revealing the mutual point between IT and KM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20social%20networks" title="Digital social networks">Digital social networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=e-mail" title=" e-mail"> e-mail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knowledge%0Amanagement" title=" knowledge management"> knowledge management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=knowledge%20worker." title=" knowledge worker."> knowledge worker.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/digital-social-networks-examining-the-knowledge-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> The Suitability of GPS Receivers Update Rates for Navigation Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Abbas%20Al-Ameen%20Salih">Ahmad Abbas Al-Ameen Salih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nur%20Liyana%20Afiqah%20Che%20Ahmad%20Zaini"> Nur Liyana Afiqah Che Ahmad Zaini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amzari%20Zhahir"> Amzari Zhahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Navigation is the processes of monitoring and controlling the movement of an object from one place to another. Currently, Global Positioning System (GPS) is the main navigation system used all over the world for navigation applications. GPS receiver receives signals from at least three satellites to locate and display itself. Displayed positioning information is updated continuously. Update rate is the number of times per second that a display is illuminated. The speed of update is governed by receiver update rate. A higher update rate decreases display lag time and improves distance measurements and tracking especially when moving on a curvy route. The majority of GPS receivers used nowadays are updated every second continuously. This period is considered reasonable for some applications while it is long relatively for high speed applications. In this paper, the suitability and feasibility of GPS receiver with different update rates will be evaluated for various applications according to the level of speed and update rate needed for particular applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Navigation" title="Navigation">Navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Global%20Positioning%20System%20%28GPS%29" title=" Global Positioning System (GPS)"> Global Positioning System (GPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GPS%20receiver" title=" GPS receiver"> GPS receiver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Update%20rate" title=" Update rate"> Update rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Refresh%20rate" title=" Refresh rate"> Refresh rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Satellite%20navigation" title=" Satellite navigation"> Satellite navigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High%20speed%20GPS%20receiver." title=" High speed GPS receiver."> High speed GPS receiver.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/the-suitability-of-gps-receivers-update-rates-for-navigation-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7714</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> Computational Simulation of Turbulence Heat Transfer in Multiple Rectangular Ducts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azli%20Abd.%20Razak">Azli Abd. Razak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusli%20Yaakob"> Yusli Yaakob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohd%20Nazir%20Ramli"> Mohd Nazir Ramli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study comprehensively simulate the use of k-ε model for predicting flow and heat transfer with measured flow field data in a stationary duct with elucidates on the detailed physics encountered in the fully developed flow region, and the sharp 180° bend region. Among the major flow features predicted with accuracy are flow transition at the entrance of the duct, the distribution of mean and turbulent quantities in the developing, fully developed, and sharp 180° bend, the development of secondary flows in the duct cross-section and the sharp 180° bend, and heat transfer augmentation. Turbulence intensities in the sharp 180° bend are found to reach high values and local heat transfer comparisons show that the heat transfer augmentation shifts towards the wall and along the duct. Therefore, understanding of the unsteady heat transfer in sharp 180° bends is important. The design and simulation are related to concept of fluid mechanics, heat transfer and thermodynamics. Simulation study has been conducted on the response of turbulent flow in a rectangular duct in order to evaluate the heat transfer rate along the small scale multiple rectangular duct <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=turbulence" title=" turbulence"> turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rectangular%20duct" title=" rectangular duct"> rectangular duct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=simulation." title=" simulation."> simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/computational-simulation-of-turbulence-heat-transfer-in-multiple-rectangular-ducts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> Improved Small-Signal Characteristics of Infrared 850 nm Top-Emitting Vertical-Cavity Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Al-Omari">Ahmad Al-Omari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osama%20Khreis"> Osama Khreis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20M.%20K.%20Dagamseh"> Ahmad M. K. Dagamseh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdullah%20Ababneh"> Abdullah Ababneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kevin%20Lear"> Kevin Lear</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-speed infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) with Cu-plated heat sinks were fabricated and tested. VCSELs with 10 mm aperture diameter and 4 mm of electroplated copper demonstrated a -3dB modulation bandwidth (<em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub>) of 14 GHz and a resonance frequency (<em>f</em><sub>R</sub>) of 9.5 GHz at a bias current density (<em>J<sub>bias</sub></em>) of only 4.3 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which corresponds to an improved <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub><sup>2</sup>/<em>J<sub>bias</sub></em> ratio of 44 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup>. At higher and lower bias current densities, the <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub><sup>2</sup>/<em> J<sub>bias</sub></em> ratio decreased to about 30 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 18 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Examination of the analogue modulation response demonstrated that the presented VCSELs displayed a steady <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub>/<em> f</em><sub>R</sub> ratio of 1.41±10% over the whole range of the bias current (1.3<em>I</em><sub>th</sub> to 6.2<em>I</em><sub>th</sub>). The devices also demonstrated a maximum modulation bandwidth (<em>f</em><sub>-3dB max</sub>) of more than 16 GHz at a bias current less than the industrial bias current standard for reliability by 25%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Current%20density" title="Current density">Current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=High-speed%20VCSELs" title=" High-speed VCSELs"> High-speed VCSELs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Modulation%20bandwidth" title=" Modulation bandwidth"> Modulation bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Small-Signal%20Characteristics" title=" Small-Signal Characteristics"> Small-Signal Characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20impedance" title=" Thermal impedance"> Thermal impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vertical-cavity%20surface-emitting%20lasers." title=" Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers."> Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/improved-small-signal-characteristics-of-infrared-850-nm-top-emitting-vertical-cavity-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Detection of Oxidative Stress Induced by Mobile Phone Radiation in Tissues of Mice using 8-Oxo-7, 8-Dihydro-2'-Deoxyguanosine as a Biomarker</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20M.%20Khalil">Ahmad M. Khalil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20M.%20Alshamali"> Ahmad M. Alshamali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marwan%20H.%20Gagaa"> Marwan H. Gagaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigated oxidative DNA damage caused by radio frequency radiation using 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) generated in mice tissues after exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone radio frequency in three independent experiments. The RF was generated by a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) signal generator. The radio frequency field was adjusted to 25 V/m. The whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) was 1.0 W/kg. Animals were exposed to this field for 30 min daily for 30 days. 24 h post-exposure, blood serum, brain and spleen were removed and DNA was isolated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure 8-oxodG concentration. All animals survived the whole experimental period. The body weight of animals did not change significantly at the end of the experiment. No statistically significant differences observed in the levels of oxidative stress. Our results are not in favor of the hypothesis that 900 MHz RF induces oxidative damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mice" title="Mice">Mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mobile%20phone%20radiation" title=" Mobile phone radiation"> Mobile phone radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oxidative%20stress" title=" oxidative stress"> oxidative stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=8-oxo-7" title=" 8-oxo-7"> 8-oxo-7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=8-dihydro-2%27-deoxyguanosine" title=" 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine"> 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7054/detection-of-oxidative-stress-induced-by-mobile-phone-radiation-in-tissues-of-mice-using-8-oxo-7-8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine-as-a-biomarker" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7054/apa" 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