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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_and_platform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_platform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and platform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_platform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1949_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1949_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1949 elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1949_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_Herut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_Herut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Opposition to Herut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_Herut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Begin's_return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Begin's_return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Begin's return</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Begin's_return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gahal_alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gahal_alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gahal alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gahal_alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_participation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_participation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government participation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_participation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merging_into_Likud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merging_into_Likud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Merging into Likud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merging_into_Likud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knesset_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knesset_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Knesset election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knesset_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="حيروت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حيروت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherut" title="Cherut – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cherut" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherut" title="Cherut – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cherut" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9rout" title="Hérout – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hérout" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="תנועת החרות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועת החרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheroet" title="Cheroet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cheroet" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Херут – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Херут" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herut" title="Herut – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herut" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82" title="Херут – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Херут" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%AD%AF%E7%89%B9" title="赫魯特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫魯特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Herut_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Herut (disambiguation)">Herut (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Israel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0077B9; border-bottom:2px solid #0077B9; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Herut</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חֵרוּת</span>‎</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Herut.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Herut.svg/120px-Herut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0f/Herut.svg/250px-Herut.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="329" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> (1948–1951)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Ben-Eliezer" title="Aryeh Ben-Eliezer">Aryeh Ben-Eliezer</a> (<i>acting</i> 1951-1952)</li><li>Menachem Begin (1952-1983)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> (1983–1988)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">15 June 1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Herut_(newspaper)" title="Herut (newspaper)">Herut</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist Zionism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">Right-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-Right">far-Right</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Gahal" title="Gahal">Gahal</a> (1965–1973)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> (1973–1988)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Most MKs</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">28 (1981, 1984)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Election symbol</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CHET_Hebrew_Letter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CHET_Hebrew_Letter.png/40px-CHET_Hebrew_Letter.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/CHET_Hebrew_Letter.png/60px-CHET_Hebrew_Letter.png 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #0077B9;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics of Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Israel" title="Elections in Israel">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herut_First_Knesset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Herut_First_Knesset.jpg/250px-Herut_First_Knesset.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Herut_First_Knesset.jpg/500px-Herut_First_Knesset.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3038" data-file-height="2033" /></a><figcaption>Herut MKs <a href="/wiki/Uri_Zvi_Greenberg" title="Uri Zvi Greenberg">Uri Zvi Greenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Raziel_Naor" class="mw-redirect" title="Esther Raziel Naor">Esther Raziel Naor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, at the first meeting of the Knesset in Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Herut</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חֵרוּת</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Freedom') was the major conservative <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a><sup id="cite_ref-HorowitzLissak2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HorowitzLissak2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> from 1948 until its formal merger into <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> in 1988. It was an adherent of <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist Zionism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_platform">Foundation and platform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and platform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herut was founded by <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> on 15 June 1948 as a successor to the Revisionist <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, a militant group in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandate Palestine</a>. The new party was a challenge to the <a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a> party established by <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a>. Herut also established an <a href="/wiki/Herut_(newspaper)" title="Herut (newspaper)">eponymous newspaper</a>, with many of its founding journalists defecting from Hatzohar's <i><a href="/wiki/HaMashkif" title="HaMashkif">HaMashkif</a></i>. </p><p>Objection to withdrawal of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) and negotiations with Arab states formed the party's main platform in the first <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> election. The party vigorously opposed the ceasefire agreements with the Arab states until the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, both before and after the election. Herut differentiated itself by refusing to recognise the legitimacy of the <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Kingdom of Jordan</a> after the armistice, and frequently used the slogan "Two banks of the Jordan River" in claiming Israel's right to the whole of Eretz Israel/Palestine because of their historical significance in religious Jewish texts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Heller_(historian)" title="Joseph Heller (historian)">Joseph Heller</a>, Herut was a one-issue party intent on expanding Israel's borders.<sup id="cite_ref-heller_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heller-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herut's socio-economic platform represented a clear shift to the right, with support for private initiative, but also for legislation preventing the trusts from exploiting workers. Begin was at first careful not to appear anti-socialist, stressing his opposition to monopolies and trusts, and also demanding that "all public utility works and basic industries must be nationalized".<sup id="cite_ref-heller_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heller-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herut was from the outset inclined to sympathise with the underdog, and, according to Hannah Torok Yablonka, "tended to serve as a lodestone for society's misfits".<sup id="cite_ref-yablonka_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yablonka-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1949_elections">1949 elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1949 elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herut's political expectations were high as the <a href="/wiki/1949_Israeli_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Israeli legislative election">first election</a> approached in 1949. It took credit for driving the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> government out and as a young movement, reflecting the <i>esprit</i> of the nation, it perceived its image as being more attractive than the old establishment. They hoped to win 25 seats, which would place them second and make them leader of the opposition, with potential for a future gain of government power. This analysis was shared by other parties.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the elections, Herut only won 14 seats with 11.5 percent of the votes, making it the fourth-largest party in the Knesset; Hatzohar, on the other hand, failed to cross the <a href="/wiki/Election_threshold" class="mw-redirect" title="Election threshold">electoral threshold</a> of 1 percent and disbanded shortly thereafter.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_Herut">Opposition to Herut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opposition to Herut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though practical differences between the two parties were less dramatic than the rhetoric suggested, both the <a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor Zionist</a> establishment and the opposition Herut emphasised those differences to mobilise their voters.<sup id="cite_ref-doron_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doron-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hostility between Begin and Israel's first Prime Minister, the Mapai leader <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, which had begun over the <a href="/wiki/Altalena_Affair" title="Altalena Affair">Altalena Affair</a>, was evident in the Knesset. Ben-Gurion coined the phrase "without Herut and <a href="/wiki/Maki_(historical_political_party)" title="Maki (historical political party)">Maki</a>" (Maki was the Communist Party of Israel), a reference to his position that he would include any party in his coalition, except those two.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Herut was approached at least three times (1952, 1955, and 1961) by Mapai for government negotiations; Begin turned down each offer, suspecting that they were designed to divide his party.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ostracism also expressed itself in the Prime Minister's refusal to refer to Begin by name from the Knesset Podium, using instead the phrase "the person who sits next to M. K. Badar", and boycotting his Knesset speeches.<sup id="cite_ref-doron_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doron-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mendilow_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mendilow-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ben-Gurion's policy of ostracising Revisionism was performed systematically, as seen in the legal exclusion of fallen Irgun and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> fighters from public commemoration and from benefits to their families.<sup id="cite_ref-lebel_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herut members were excluded from the highest bureaucratic and military positions.<sup id="cite_ref-mendilow_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mendilow-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg/250px-Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg/330px-Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg/500px-Albert_Einstein_and_others_letter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/New_Palestine_Party;_Visit_of_Menachen_Begin_and_Aims_of_Political_Movement_Discussed" class="extiw" title="wikisource:New Palestine Party; Visit of Menachen Begin and Aims of Political Movement Discussed">An open letter</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. The letter was signed by over twenty prominent Jewish intellectuals, including <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zellig_Harris" title="Zellig Harris">Zellig Harris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Herut also met fierce resistance from the broader <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a>. When Begin visited <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in December 1948 over twenty prominent Jewish intellectuals, including <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zellig_Harris" title="Zellig Harris">Zellig Harris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Sidney Hook</a> signed an <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/New_Palestine_Party;_Visit_of_Menachem_Begin_and_Aims_of_Political_Movement_Discussed" class="extiw" title="wikisource:New Palestine Party; Visit of Menachem Begin and Aims of Political Movement Discussed">open letter</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. The letter condemned Herut and Begin for their part in the <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a> and likened the party "in its organization, methods, political philosophy and social appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Fascist_Party" title="National Fascist Party">Fascist</a> parties" and accused it of preaching "an admixture of <a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">ultranationalism</a>, religious mysticism, and <a href="/wiki/Racial_superiority" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial superiority">racial superiority</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Oppose_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppose-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1950_Israeli_municipal_elections" title="1950 Israeli municipal elections">municipal elections of 1950</a>, Herut lost voters to the centrist <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a>, who also attracted disillusioned voters from Mapai and established themselves as a tough opposition rival to Herut. At the second national convention, Begin was challenged by more radical elements of his party. They wanted a more dynamic leadership, and thought he had adapted himself to the system. At the convention, Begin's proposal to send children abroad for security reasons, although there was a <a href="/wiki/Finnish_war_children" title="Finnish war children">precedent</a> for such a measure, sounded defeatist, and it was unanimously rejected. It was considered to have hurt the party's image. In March 1951, Herut lost two of its Knesset seats, with the defection of <a href="/wiki/Ari_Jabotinsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Jabotinsky">Ari Jabotinsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillel_Kook" title="Hillel Kook">Hillel Kook</a> from the party to sit as independent MKs. Referring to previous written commitments, the party sought to revoke its Knesset membership, but the issue was still not settled by the next election three months later.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics of the party leadership pointed out that the party had changed and lost its status as a radical avant-garde party. Uncompromising candidates had been removed from the party list for the upcoming elections, economic questions loomed large in the propaganda<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="whose propaganda? that is a loaded word – do we mean policy or agenda, for example? (May 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, and Mapai had co-opted some of the Herut agenda, not least by declaring Jerusalem as Israel's capital. These critics and outside commentators thought that Herut seemed irrelevant.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1951_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1951 Israeli legislative election">1951 elections</a>, Herut won eight seats, six less than previously. Begin resigned as leader, a move he had considered before the election because of the internal criticism. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Ben-Eliezer" title="Aryeh Ben-Eliezer">Aryeh Ben-Eliezer</a>, whose leadership was nipped in the bud when he suffered a heart attack in late 1951. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%27akov_Rubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ya'akov Rubin (page does not exist)">Ya'akov Rubin</a> became party secretary general. Despite sending the party his resignation letter in August 1952 and going abroad to Europe, the party's national council voted instead to make Ben-Eliezer deputy chairman and grant Begin a six month <a href="/wiki/Leave_of_absence" title="Leave of absence">leave of absence</a>. Begin did not return to public life until January 1952, prompted to do so by the growing debate around the <a href="/wiki/Reparations_Agreement_between_Israel_and_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany">Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a young party without institutions paralleling those of Mapai, who were predominant in most areas of social life, Herut was at a serious disadvantage. Its leaders were politically inexperienced and clung to the principle of not – as representatives of the entire nation – accepting financial support from any interest groups. They were prevented from building a strong and competent party structure because of this.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Begin's_return"><span id="Begin.27s_return"></span>Begin's return</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Begin's return"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg/200px-Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg/300px-Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg/400px-Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_na_demonstraci_proti_n%C4%9Bmeck%C3%BDm_reparac%C3%ADm_v_Tel_Avivu_v_%C3%BAnoru_1952.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3060" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Menachem Begin addressing a mass demonstration against negotiations with Germany in Tel Aviv 1952</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herut1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Herut1956.jpg/250px-Herut1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Herut1956.jpg/330px-Herut1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Herut1956.jpg/500px-Herut1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Party membership card in 1956. Note similar logo as the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Reparations_Agreement_between_Israel_and_West_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany">Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany</a> of 1952 brought Begin back into politics. It gave the party new momentum, and it proved an effective weapon against the General Zionists. The Reparations Agreement awoke strong sentiments in the nation, and Begin encouraged civil disobedience during the debate on the affair. The largest demonstrations gathered 15,000 people, and Herut reached far beyond its own constituency. The party let the issue fade from the agenda only after having wrested a maximum of political capital from it.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-herman_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-herman-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third national convention included a fierce debate about democracy and legitimate political actions. There was strong sentiment in favour of using the barricades, but Begin vigorously resisted it. The government of the nation, he claimed, could only be established via the ballot box. The convention gave Begin important legitimacy by sending a message to the public that the party was law-abiding and democratic. At the same time, it secured the support of the hard-liners who would not compromise on its principles.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economic and fiscal policy were given greater emphasis, and the party attacked the <a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a> for its dual role as employer and trade union. It proposed to outlaw such concentration of power and also abolish party control of agricultural settlements. Herut reasoned that workers were empowered by private enterprise. A 25 per cent tax<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="what tax? (May 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> cut was also envisioned.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1955_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1955 Israeli legislative election">1955 election</a>, the party nearly doubled its seats to 15, and became the second-largest party in the Knesset, behind Mapai. Apart from an improved campaign, the accomplishment was attributed to the activist party platform in a situation of deteriorating security, to more support from recent immigrants and other disgruntled elements,<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to disillusionment with the economic situation. The <a href="/wiki/Kastner_train#Kastner_trial" title="Kastner train">Kastner trial</a> also played into Herut's hands,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when, together with Maki, they helped bring down <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharett" title="Moshe Sharett">Moshe Sharett</a>'s government in 1954 through a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no-confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion of no-confidence">motion of no-confidence</a> over the government's position in the trial.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Herut added another seat in the <a href="/wiki/1959_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1959 Israeli legislative election">1959 elections</a>, feeding on feelings of resentment against the dominant left that existed mainly among new <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jew">Sephardi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Mizrahi Jew">Mizrahi</a> immigrants. The party failed, however, to maintain the momentum of the previous election, and to make substantial gains, as had been hoped. As the young nation grew stronger, the public did not feel the same existential dread, lessening the impact of Herut's activist message, especially after the <a href="/wiki/Suez_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Suez crisis">Suez crisis</a>, in which Ben-Gurion's performance was perceived favourably. The <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Salib_riots" title="Wadi Salib riots">Wadi Salib riots</a> a few months before the election caused the government to play the role of maintainer of law and order, which resonated well among the middle class. Mapai exploited the situation successfully by depicting Begin as dangerous.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gahal_alliance">Gahal alliance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gahal alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Herut helped bring down the government again in 1961 when they and the General Zionists tabled a motion of no confidence over the government's investigation into the earlier <a href="/wiki/Lavon_Affair" title="Lavon Affair">Lavon Affair</a>; in the resulting <a href="/wiki/1961_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1961 Israeli legislative election">1961 election</a>, the party maintained its 17 seats. Toward the end of the Fifth Knesset in 1965, and in preparation for the upcoming election, Herut joined with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party (Israel)">Liberal Party</a> (itself a recent merger of the General Zionists and the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Israel)" title="Progressive Party (Israel)">Progressive Party</a>) to form <a href="/wiki/Gahal" title="Gahal">Gahal</a> (a Hebrew acronym for the Herut-Liberal Bloc (Hebrew: גוש חרות-ליברלים, <i>Gush Herut-Liberalim</i>)), although each party remained independent within the alliance. The merger helped moderate Herut's political isolation and created a right-wing opposition bloc with a broader base and more realistic chance to lead the government. The full alliance did not survive, however, because seven members of the Liberal Party, mostly former Progressives, soon defected from the Liberals and formed the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(Israel)" title="Independent Liberals (Israel)">Independent Liberals</a>; they disagreed with the merger, identifying Herut and Begin as too right-wing. Mapai also experienced defections at the time, and the Knesset session closed with Gahal holding 27 seats, second only to Mapai's remaining 34.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagardom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hagardom.jpg/200px-Hagardom.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hagardom.jpg/300px-Hagardom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Hagardom.jpg/400px-Hagardom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Monument in memory of the eight members of Irgun and the two members of Lehi hanged by British authorities between 1938 and 1947. Under Ben-Gurion, public commemoration of fallen Irgun and Lehi militants was strictly refused. Under Levi Eskhol, however, they began to be rehabilitated, indicating a more equal status for Revisionism and Herut.</figcaption></figure> <p>Over time, the public perception of both Herut and its leader had changed, despite the ostracism imposed by Prime Minister Ben-Gurion. Begin had remained the main opposition figure, against the dominant politicians of the left, particularly in debates regarding such heated issues as the Lavon investigation and Israel's relationships to Germany. This prominence evaded much of the ostracism's impact, and Ben-Gurion's hostility became ever more savage. He eventually started to liken Begin to Hitler – an attitude that backfired, making Begin to stand out as a victim.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The political climate took a favourable turn for Revisionism and Herut in mid-1963, when <a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Levi Eshkol</a> replaced Ben-Gurion as Prime and Defense Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A government resolution in March 1964 calling for the reinterment of Zeev Jabotinsky's remains in Israel attests to this. Fallen Irgun and Lehi militants also began to be commemorated more equally, with their reputations being rehabilitated.<sup id="cite_ref-lebel_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1965_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1965 Israeli legislative election">1965 elections</a>, Gahal won only 26 seats, well below that of the left's new <a href="/wiki/Alignment_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alignment (political party)">Alignment</a>, which won 45. In Herut's search for a scapegoat, its leadership was questioned by many; they considered that Begin, despite his achievements, brought an indelible stigma from his militant days before and around independence, scaring off voters. Internal opposition arose, and Herut's eighth convention in June 1966 became turbulent. The opposition group sensed that Begin's leadership position was too strong to challenge; so, they concentrated on winning control over the party organization. They won overwhelming victories in all votes for the composition of party institutions. Begin responded by putting his own political future at stake. He threatened to leave the party chair, and maybe also his seat in the Knesset. Begin's move mobilized delegates in emphatic support for him, but the party convention still ended with great internal tension, and without a party chairman; the chair would be vacant for eight months. Party opposition to Begin' leadership came to a showdown a month after the convention, when Haim Amsterdam, an assistant to one of the opposition leaders, <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Tamir" title="Shmuel Tamir">Shmuel Tamir</a>, published a devastating attack on Begin in <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%27aretz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ha'aretz">Ha'aretz</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this led to the suspension of Tamir's party membership.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaders of the opposition then established a new party in the Knesset, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Center">Free Center</a>, with the loss of three seats for Herut. After this revolt, Begin returned to party leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_participation">Government participation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Government participation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #154E9D; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Category:Conservatism in Israel">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#154E9D; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism in Israel</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_conservatism" title="Jewish conservatism">Jewish conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_fundamentalism" title="Jewish fundamentalism">Jewish fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious conservatism">Religious conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Zionism" title="Cultural Zionism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_conceptions_of_Jewish_identity_in_Zionism" title="Racial conceptions of Jewish identity in Zionism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nietzschean_Zionism" title="Nietzschean Zionism">Nietzschean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral worship">Ancestral worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arabism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Arabism">Anti-Arabism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Iranian_sentiment" title="Anti-Iranian sentiment">Anti-Iranian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Islamism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Islamism">Anti-Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Hebrew revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_for_the_Jewish_people" title="Homeland for the Jewish people">Homeland for the Jewish people</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Jewish culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Christianity">Judeo-Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halachic_state" title="Halachic state">Halachic state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_supremacism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish supremacism">Jewish supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Jewish values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah#Zionist_aliyah_(1882_on)" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begin_Doctrine" title="Begin Doctrine">Begin Doctrine</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><i lang="he"><a href="/wiki/Gadna_(Israel)" title="Gadna (Israel)">Gadna</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism#Judaism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Property rights">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Oaths" title="Three Oaths">Three Oaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Eldad" title="Israel Eldad">Eldad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzchak_Ginsburgh" title="Yitzchak Ginsburgh">Ginsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ha'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Jabotinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klein" title="Aaron Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Isaac_Kook" title="Abraham Isaac Kook">Kook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Levin" title="Yuval Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Lieberman" title="Saul Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ruppin" title="Arthur Ruppin">Ruppin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Samson_(rabbi)" title="David Samson (rabbi)">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natan_Sharansky" title="Natan Sharansky">Sharansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Talmon" title="Jacob Talmon">Talmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Ben-Gvir" title="Itamar Ben-Gvir">Ben-Gvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Edelstein" title="Yuli Edelstein">Edelstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effi_Eitam" title="Effi Eitam">Eitam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Kahane" title="Meir Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avigdor_Lieberman" title="Avigdor Lieberman">Lieberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Peretz" title="Rafi Peretz">Peretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Shaked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Smotrich" title="Bezalel Smotrich">Smotrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovadia_Yosef" title="Ovadia Yosef">Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehavam_Ze%27evi" title="Rehavam Ze'evi">Ze'evi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Iron_Wall_(essay)" title="Iron Wall (essay)">Iron Wall</a>" <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1923)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Israel" title="The Case for Israel">The Case for Israel</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2003)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Defending_Identity" title="Defending Identity">Defending Identity</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2008)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virtue_of_Nationalism" title="The Virtue of Nationalism">The Virtue of Nationalism</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2018)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservatism:_A_Rediscovery" title="Conservatism: A Rediscovery">Conservatism: A Rediscovery</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2022)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">National Religious Party–Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Israel)" title="New Right (Israel)">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shas" title="Shas">Shas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahi_(political_party)" title="Ahi (political party)">Ahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael_Shelanu" title="Eretz Yisrael Shelanu">Eretz Yisrael Shelanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatikva_(political_party)" title="Hatikva (political party)">Hatikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kach (political party)">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moledet" title="Moledet">Moledet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehiya" title="Tehiya">Tehiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Alliances</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Right-Wing_Parties" title="Union of Right-Wing Parties">Union of Right-Wing Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamina" title="Yamina">Yamina</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_Youth" title="Hilltop Youth">Hilltop Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Im_Tirtzu" title="Im Tirtzu">Im Tirtzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Internet_Defense_Force" title="Jewish Internet Defense Force">Jewish Internet Defense Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohelet_Policy_Forum" title="Kohelet Policy Forum">Kohelet Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehava" title="Lehava">Lehava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machon_Meir" title="Machon Meir">Machon Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercaz_Olami" title="Mercaz Olami">Mercaz Olami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Israel" title="My Israel">My Israel</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhigut_Yehudit" title="Manhigut Yehudit">Manhigut Yehudit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%27Sheva" title="B'Sheva">B'Sheva</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_14_(Israel)" title="Channel 14 (Israel)">Channel 14</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HaTzofe" title="HaTzofe">HaTzofe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I24NEWS_(Israeli_TV_channel)" title="I24NEWS (Israeli TV channel)">i24NEWS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Hayom" title="Israel Hayom">Israel Hayom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Makor_Rishon" title="Makor Rishon">Makor Rishon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mida_(website)" title="Mida (website)">Mida</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Antimilitarism in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exemption_from_military_service_in_Israel" title="Exemption from military service in Israel">Non-conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torato_Umanuto" title="Torato Umanuto">Torato Umanuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_to_serve_in_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Refusal to serve in the Israel Defense Forces">Refusal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Israel" title="Far-right politics in Israel">Far-right politics in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Judaism</a></li> <li>Immigration to Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_Israel" title="African immigration to Israel">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizenship_and_Entry_into_Israel_Law" title="Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law">Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_of_Infiltration_Law" title="Prevention of Infiltration Law">Prevention of Infiltration Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">Israeli settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_tag_attack_policy" title="Price tag attack policy">Price tag attack policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_camp" title="National camp">National camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-state_solution" title="One-state solution">One-state solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Politics of Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Liberalism in Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusenik" title="Refusenik">Refusenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torat_Eretz_Yisrael" title="Torat Eretz Yisrael">Torat Eretz Yisrael</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #154E9D; border-bottom:1px solid #154E9D"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/14px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/21px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/28px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/17px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/26px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/34px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Template talk:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gahal joined the government on the first day of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, with both Begin and the Liberal's <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sapir" title="Yosef Sapir">Yosef Sapir</a> becoming a <a href="/wiki/Minister_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister without Portfolio">Minister without Portfolio</a>; Ben-Gurion's <a href="/wiki/Rafi_(political_party)" title="Rafi (political party)">Rafi</a> also joined,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a> becoming Defense Minister. The national unity government was Begin's own brainchild.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This had a significant positive effect on his image. Critics agree that it was a major turning point in Herut's road to power, since it granted it the legitimacy it had been denied up until then. The national unity government was more than an emergency solution in a time of existential danger; it reflected a relaxation of ideological tension, which enabled the government to outlive the emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, Begin and Ben-Gurion were reconciled. Ben-Gurion needed him in his bitter rivalry with Eshkol and Begin surprised his adversary by proposing to Eshkol that he should step aside in favor of Ben-Gurion as the leader of an emergency government. The proposition was turned down, but Ben-Gurion, who recently had compared Begin to Hitler, now praised his responsibility and patriotism.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The outcome of the war strengthened Herut. The principle of the indivisibility of the land had seemed like an archaic principle with little practical significance, but now, it emerged from the fringe of consciousness to the core of national thought. Begin saw it as his first mission in the government to secure the fruits of the victory by preventing territorial withdrawal and promoting settlement. </p><p>Despite the breakaway of the Free Center, Gahal retained its representation in the Knesset in the <a href="/wiki/1969_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1969 Israeli legislative election">1969 elections</a>, and several of their candidates were elected as mayors. Herut was included in the new government of <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> with six ministers (out of 24). The recruitment of Major-General <a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a>, the first general to join Herut and a nephew of Israel's first President, was a considerable public relations achievement. The Government participation did not last long, since Gahal left in early 1970 over the acceptance of the <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Plan" title="Rogers Plan">Rogers Plan</a>, which included approval of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">United Nations Security Council Resolution 242</a>, a move that was largely dictated by Begin.<sup id="cite_ref-weitz_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merging_into_Likud">Merging into Likud</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Merging into Likud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg/250px-Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg/330px-Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg/500px-Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>In the 1977 elections, Herut – now as a part of the Likud – finally reached power, and Menachem Begin became Prime Minister</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 1973, Gahal merged with the <a href="/wiki/Free_Centre" title="Free Centre">Free Centre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_List" title="National List">National List</a> and the non-parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Greater_Israel" title="Movement for Greater Israel">Movement for Greater Israel</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>, again with all parties retaining their independence within the union. Within Likud, Herut continued to be the dominant party. In the <a href="/wiki/1973_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1973 Israeli legislative election">1973 elections</a>, Likud capitalized on the government's neglect in the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>, and gained seven seats, totalling 39. </p><p>In the following years, Likud sharply criticized the government's accords with Egypt and Syria. Stormy demonstrations were organized in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Gush_Emunim" title="Gush Emunim">Gush Emunim</a>, signifying an important political alliance. In the <a href="/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1977 Israeli legislative election">1977 elections</a>, Likud emerged victorious, with 43 seats, the first time the right had won an election. Begin became Prime Minister, retaining his post in the <a href="/wiki/1981_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1981 Israeli legislative election">1981 elections</a>. In 1983, he stood down, and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> took over as Herut (and, therefore, Likud) party leader and Prime Minister. </p><p>Herut was finally disbanded in 1988, when Likud dissolved its internal factions to become a unitary party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knesset_election_results">Knesset election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Knesset election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Place </th> <th>Seats won </th> <th>+/− </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1949_Israeli_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Israeli legislative election">1949</a> </td> <td rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> </td> <td>49,782 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td>4th </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>New </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1951_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1951 Israeli legislative election">1951</a> </td> <td>45,651 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td>5th </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1955_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1955 Israeli legislative election">1955</a> </td> <td>107,190 </td> <td>12.6 </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1959_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1959 Israeli legislative election">1959</a> </td> <td>130,515 </td> <td>13.5 </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1961_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1961 Israeli legislative election">1961</a> </td> <td>138,599 </td> <td>13.8 </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/20px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/40px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1965_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1965 Israeli legislative election">1965</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4">Part of <a href="/wiki/Gahal" title="Gahal">Gahal</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2nd </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/40px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1965–1967)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1967–1969)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1969_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1969 Israeli legislative election">1969</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">2nd </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/20px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/40px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1969–1970)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1970–1974)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1973_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1973 Israeli legislative election">1973</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4">Part of <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1977 Israeli legislative election">1977</a> </td> <td><b>1st</b> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">20 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1981_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1981 Israeli legislative election">1981</a> </td> <td><b>1st</b> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1984_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1984 Israeli legislative election">1984</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">27 / 120</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0077B9; color:inherit; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Herut_%E2%80%93_The_National_Movement" title="Herut – The National Movement">Herut – The National Movement</a></div> <p>In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Benny_Begin" title="Benny Begin">Benny Begin</a> (son of Menachem Begin), <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kleiner" title="Michael Kleiner">Michael Kleiner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Re%27em" title="David Re'em">David Re'em</a> broke away from Likud in protest at <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>'s agreement to the <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron" title="Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron">Hebron Agreement</a>, which had ceded land to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a>. They named their new party <a href="/wiki/Herut_%E2%80%93_The_National_Movement" title="Herut – The National Movement">Herut – The National Movement</a>, and tried to claim it as the successor to the original party. However, in reality, it was a new and separate party. Today, the party ideology continues through the Magshimey Herut movement.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HorowitzLissak2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HorowitzLissak2012_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHorowitzLissak2012" class="citation book cs1">Horowitz, Dan; Lissak, Moshe (1 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sJhf2nr0nQ8C&pg=PA316"><i>Trouble in Utopia: The Overburdened Polity of Israel</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 316. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-0708-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-0708-1"><bdi>978-1-4384-0708-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trouble+in+Utopia%3A+The+Overburdened+Polity+of+Israel&rft.pages=316&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2012-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-0708-1&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Lissak%2C+Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsJhf2nr0nQ8C%26pg%3DPA316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWill1982" class="citation journal cs1">Will, Donald S. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536072">"Zionist Settlement Ideology and Its Ramifications for the Palestinian People"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>11</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">37–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2536072">10.2307/2536072</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Zionist+Settlement+Ideology+and+Its+Ramifications+for+the+Palestinian+People&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2536072&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft.aulast=Will&rft.aufirst=Donald+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2536072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-heller-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heller_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-heller_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Heller: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S9Y4IbeXq9IC&dq=herut+israel+date:1995-2009&pg=PA120"><i>The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949: Ben-Gurion and His Critics</i></a> p. 277–279. University Press of Florida, 2000 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-1732-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-1732-7">978-0-8130-1732-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yablonka-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yablonka_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannah Torok Yablonka: The Commander of the 'Yizkor Order; Herut, Holocaust and Survivors", in Selwyn Ilan Troen and Noah Lucas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z73ADzNJAMC&dq=herut+israel+date:1995-2009&pg=PA212"><i>Israel: The First Decade of Independence</i></a> p. 220. SUNY Press, 1995 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2259-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2259-5">978-0-7914-2259-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weitz-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-weitz_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yechiam Weitz: "The Road to the 'Upheaval': A Capsule History of the Herut Movement, 1948–1977", in <i>Israel Studies</i>, Fall 2005, Vol. 10, No. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-doron-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-doron_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-doron_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDoron2005" class="citation journal cs1">Doron, Gideon (Fall 2005). "Right as Opposed to Wrong as Opposed to Left: The Spatial Location of 'Right Parties' on the Israeli Political Map". <i>Israel Studies</i>. <b>10</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=Right+as+Opposed+to+Wrong+as+Opposed+to+Left%3A+The+Spatial+Location+of+%27Right+Parties%27+on+the+Israeli+Political+Map&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Doron&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeleg1987" class="citation book cs1">Peleg, I. (1987). <i>Begin's Foreign Policy, 1977–1983: Israel's Move to the Right</i>. New York. p. 37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Begin%27s+Foreign+Policy%2C+1977%E2%80%931983%3A+Israel%27s+Move+to+the+Right&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Peleg&rft.aufirst=I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchindler2002" class="citation book cs1">Schindler, Colin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBoVr089GwC&dq=herut+israel+date:1995-2009&pg=PA93"><i>Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream</i></a>. I. B. Tauris. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-774-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-774-1"><bdi>978-1-86064-774-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+Beyond+Promise%3A+Israel%2C+Likud+and+the+Zionist+Dream&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-774-1&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7VBoVr089GwC%26dq%3Dherut%2Bisrael%2Bdate%3A1995-2009%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mendilow-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mendilow_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mendilow_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMendilow2003" class="citation book cs1">Mendilow, Jonathan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5nMEYsLxAoC"><i>Ideology, Party Change and Electoral Campaigns in Israel, 1965–2001</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5587-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5587-6"><bdi>978-0-7914-5587-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideology%2C+Party+Change+and+Electoral+Campaigns+in+Israel%2C+1965%E2%80%932001&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-5587-6&rft.aulast=Mendilow&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ5nMEYsLxAoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebel-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lebel_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lebel_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLebel2005" class="citation journal cs1">Lebel, Udi (Fall 2005). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Beyond the Pantheon' Bereavement, Memory, and the Strategy of De-Legitimization Against Herut". <i>Israel Studies</i>. <b>10</b> (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Beyond+the+Pantheon%27+Bereavement%2C+Memory%2C+and+the+Strategy+of+De-Legitimization+Against+Herut&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Lebel&rft.aufirst=Udi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oppose-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oppose_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAbramowitzArendtBrickCardozo1948" class="citation news cs1">Abramowitz, Isidore; <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt, Hannah</a>; Brick, Abraham; <a href="/wiki/Jessurun_Cardozo" title="Jessurun Cardozo">Cardozo, Jessurun</a>; <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein, Albert</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herman_Eisen" title="Herman Eisen">Eisen, Herman</a>; Fineman, Hayim; Gallen, M.; Harris, H. H.; <a href="/wiki/Zellig_Harris" title="Zellig Harris">Harris, Zelig S.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Hook" title="Sidney Hook">Hook, Sidney</a>; Karush, Fred; <a href="/wiki/Bruria_Kaufman" title="Bruria Kaufman">Kaufman, Bruria</a>; <a href="/wiki/Irma_L._Lindheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Irma L. Lindheim">Lindheim, Irma L.</a>; Maisel, Nachman; <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Melman" title="Seymour Melman">Melman, Seymour</a>; Mendelson, Myer D.; <a href="/wiki/Harry_Orlinsky" title="Harry Orlinsky">Orlinsky, Harry M.</a>; Pitlick, Samuel; <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Rohrlich" title="Fritz Rohrlich">Rohrlich, Fritz</a>; Rocker, Louis P.; <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Sager" title="Ruth Sager">Sager, Ruth</a>; Sankowsky, Itzhak; Shoenberg, I. J.; Shuman, Samuel; Zinger, M.; Wolfe, Irma; Wolfe, Stefan (4 December 1948). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1948/12/04/96605844.pdf">"Letters to The Times: New Palestine Party: Visit of Menachem Begin and Aim of Political Movement Discussed"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Letters+to+The+Times%3A+New+Palestine+Party%3A+Visit+of+Menachem+Begin+and+Aim+of+Political+Movement+Discussed&rft.date=1948-12-04&rft.aulast=Abramowitz&rft.aufirst=Isidore&rft.au=Arendt%2C+Hannah&rft.au=Brick%2C+Abraham&rft.au=Cardozo%2C+Jessurun&rft.au=Einstein%2C+Albert&rft.au=Eisen%2C+Herman&rft.au=Fineman%2C+Hayim&rft.au=Gallen%2C+M.&rft.au=Harris%2C+H.+H.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Zelig+S.&rft.au=Hook%2C+Sidney&rft.au=Karush%2C+Fred&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Bruria&rft.au=Lindheim%2C+Irma+L.&rft.au=Maisel%2C+Nachman&rft.au=Melman%2C+Seymour&rft.au=Mendelson%2C+Myer+D.&rft.au=Orlinsky%2C+Harry+M.&rft.au=Pitlick%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Rohrlich%2C+Fritz&rft.au=Rocker%2C+Louis+P.&rft.au=Sager%2C+Ruth&rft.au=Sankowsky%2C+Itzhak&rft.au=Shoenberg%2C+I.+J.&rft.au=Shuman%2C+Samuel&rft.au=Zinger%2C+M.&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Irma&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1948%2F12%2F04%2F96605844.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGessen2023" class="citation news cs1">Gessen, Masha (9 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/in-the-shadow-of-the-holocaust">"In the Shadow of the Holocaust"</a>. <i>The New Yorker</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X">0028-792X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Holocaust&rft.date=2023-12-09&rft.issn=0028-792X&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-weekend-essay%2Fin-the-shadow-of-the-holocaust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeitz2005" class="citation journal cs1">Weitz, Yechiam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41805145">"Where's Menachem Begin? - His Disappearance in 1951 and Its Significance"</a>. <i>Israel Studies Review</i>. <b>20</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">115–</span>137. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2F106577105780793644">10.3167/106577105780793644</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Where%27s+Menachem+Begin%3F+-+His+Disappearance+in+1951+and+Its+Significance&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E137&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2F106577105780793644&rft.aulast=Weitz&rft.aufirst=Yechiam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41805145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yablonka, p. 211f, p. 218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-herman-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-herman_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tamar Herman: "New Challenges to New Authority: Israeli Grassroots Activism in the 1950s", in Selwyn Ilan Troen and Noah Lucas: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Z73ADzNJAMC&dq=herut+israel+date:1995-2009&pg=PA212">Israel: <i>The First Decade of Independence</i></a>. p. 109. SUNY Press, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2259-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2259-5">978-0-7914-2259-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Shindler: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00shin/page/132"><i>A History of Modern Israel</i></a> p. 132. Cambridge University Press, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85028-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85028-5">978-0-521-85028-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yablonka, p. 222</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jfc.org.il/news_journal/60552-2/101717-2/?lang=eng">Herut Members That Criticized Menachem Begin Tried by the Partys Tribunalr</a>, Yoman Geva 378, 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Asael_Lubotzky" title="Asael Lubotzky">Asael Lubotzky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Not_My_Last_Journey" class="mw-redirect" title="Not My Last Journey">Not My Last Journey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yedioth_Ahronoth" title="Yedioth Ahronoth">Yedioth Ahronoth</a>, 2017, pages 196–202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mendilow, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/history/eng/eng_hist6_s.htm">Factional and Government Make-Up of the Sixth Knesset</a> Knesset website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mendilow, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldmh.org.il/">"World Magshimey Herut – Aliyah assistance from Z to A"</a>. <i>www.worldmh.org.il</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldmh.org.il&rft.atitle=World+Magshimey+Herut+%E2%80%93+Aliyah+assistance+from+Z+to+A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldmh.org.il%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHerut" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herut&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=78">Party history</a> Knesset website <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/National_Unity_(Israel)" title="National Unity (Israel)">National Unity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Resilience_Party" title="Israel Resilience Party">Israel Resilience Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otzma_Yehudit" title="Otzma Yehudit">Otzma Yehudit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism" title="United Torah Judaism">United Torah Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudat_Yisrael" title="Agudat Yisrael">Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degel_HaTorah" title="Degel HaTorah">Degel HaTorah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party%E2%80%93Religious_Zionism" title="National Religious Party–Religious Zionism">National Religious Party–Religious Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Beiteinu" title="Yisrael Beiteinu">Yisrael Beiteinu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">United Arab List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maki_(political_party)" title="Maki (political party)">Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27al" title="Ta'al">Ta'al</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_(political_party)" title="Noam (political party)">Noam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extra-<br />parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale_Yarok" title="Ale Yarok">Ale Yarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Democratic_Party_(Israel)" title="Arab Democratic Party (Israel)">Arab Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_National_Party" title="Arab National Party">Arab National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_(political_party)" title="Balad (political party)">Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_2026" title="Bennett 2026">Bennett 2026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Bloc_Party" title="Bible Bloc Party">Bible Bloc Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_Olam" title="Brit Olam">Brit Olam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27am_Workers_Party" title="Da'am Workers Party">Da'am Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derekh_Eretz_(political_faction)" title="Derekh Eretz (political faction)">Derekh Eretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Democratic Israel">Free Democratic Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Israel)" title="Green Party (Israel)">Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Israel)" title="The Greens (Israel)">The Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihud_Bnei_HaBrit" title="Ihud Bnei HaBrit">Ihud Bnei HaBrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Democratic_Party" title="Israel Democratic Party">Israel Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Economic_Party" title="New Economic Party">New Economic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Israel" title="Pirate Party of Israel">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Right" title="Secular Right">Secular Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telem_(2019_political_party)" title="Telem (2019 political party)">Telem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzomet" title="Tzomet">Tzomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%27Bizchutan" title="U'Bizchutan">U'Bizchutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yachad_(political_party)" title="Yachad (political party)">Yachad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamina" title="Yamina">Yamina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Right_(Israel)" title="New Right (Israel)">New Right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerushalmim" title="Yerushalmim">Yerushalmim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zehut" title="Zehut">Zehut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Development" title="Agriculture and Development">Agriculture and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda" title="Ahdut HaAvoda">Ahdut HaAvoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahva_(political_party)" title="Ahva (political party)">Ahva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_List_for_Bedouin_and_Villagers" title="Arab List for Bedouin and Villagers">Arab List for Bedouin and Villagers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid_(political_party)" title="Atid (political party)">Atid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panthers_(Israel)" title="Black Panthers (Israel)">Black Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Party_(Israel)" title="Center Party (Israel)">Center Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_and_Brotherhood" title="Cooperation and Brotherhood">Cooperation and Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_and_Development" title="Cooperation and Development">Cooperation and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_(political_party)" title="Da (political party)">Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Choice_(Israel)" title="Democratic Choice (Israel)">Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_List_for_Israeli_Arabs" title="Democratic List for Israeli Arabs">Democratic List for Israeli Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_List_of_Nazareth" title="Democratic List of Nazareth">Democratic List of Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(Israel)" title="Democratic Movement (Israel)">Democratic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_for_Change" title="Democratic Movement for Change">Democratic Movement for Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_(Israel)" title="Democratic Union (Israel)">Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_Peace_(political_party)" title="Development and Peace (political party)">Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dor_(political_party)" title="Dor (political party)">Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael_Shelanu" title="Eretz Yisrael Shelanu">Eretz Yisrael Shelanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faction_independent_of_Ahdut_HaAvoda" title="Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda">Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighters%27_List" title="Fighters' List">Fighters' List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Centre" title="Free Centre">Free Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahal" title="Gahal">Gahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesher_(1996_political_party)" title="Gesher (1996 political party)">Gesher (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesher_%E2%80%93_Zionist_Religious_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesher – Zionist Religious Centre">Gesher – Zionist Religious Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesher_(2019_political_party)" title="Gesher (2019 political party)">Gesher (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geulat_Yisrael" title="Geulat Yisrael">Geulat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaOlim" title="HaOlim">HaOlim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapoel_HaMizrachi" title="Hapoel HaMizrachi">Hapoel HaMizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatikva_(political_party)" title="Hatikva (political party)">Hatikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatnua" title="Hatnua">Hatnua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaTzeirim" title="HaTzeirim">HaTzeirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzohar" title="Hatzohar">Hatzohar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Communists" title="Hebrew Communists">Hebrew Communists</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Herut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herut_%E2%80%93_The_National_Movement" title="Herut – The National Movement">Herut – The National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetz_(political_party)" title="Hetz (political party)">Hetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_(Israeli_political_party)" title="Independence (Israeli political party)">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Centre" title="Independent Centre">Independent Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(Israel)" title="Independent Liberals (Israel)">Independent Liberals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Socialist_Faction" title="Independent Socialist Faction">Independent Socialist Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Communist_Opposition" title="Israeli Communist Opposition">Israeli Communist Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Druze_Faction" title="Israeli Druze Faction">Israeli Druze Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Arab_Brotherhood" title="Jewish–Arab Brotherhood">Jewish–Arab Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Home" title="The Jewish Home">The Jewish Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Front" title="Jewish National Front">Jewish National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_the_Elderly" title="Justice for the Elderly">Justice for the Elderly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kach" title="Kach">Kach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadima" title="Kadima">Kadima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulanu" title="Kulanu">Kulanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%27am" title="La'am">La'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_(political_party)" title="Leader (political party)">Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Camp_of_Israel" title="Left Camp of Israel">Left Camp of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Faction" title="Left Faction">Left Faction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_(political_party)" title="Lev (political party)">Lev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Liberal_Party" title="Israeli Liberal Party">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maki_(historical_political_party)" title="Maki (historical political party)">Maki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27s_Rights_in_the_Family_Party" title="Man's Rights in the Family Party">Man's Rights in the Family Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapam" title="Mapam">Mapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meimad" title="Meimad">Meimad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekhora_(political_party)" title="Mekhora (political party)">Mekhora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meri_(political_party)" title="Meri (political party)">Meri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(political_party)" title="Mizrachi (political party)">Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moked" title="Moked">Moked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moledet" title="Moledet">Moledet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morasha" title="Morasha">Morasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(political_party)" title="Moria (political party)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Greater_Israel" title="Movement for Greater Israel">Movement for Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Renewal_of_Social_Zionism" title="Movement for the Renewal of Social Zionism">Movement for the Renewal of Social Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Home" title="National Home">National Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_List" title="National List">National List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party#Israel" title="Natural Law Party">Natural Law Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Aliyah_Party" title="New Aliyah Party">New Aliyah Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Liberal_Party_(Israel)" title="New Liberal Party (Israel)">New Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Way_(Israel)" title="New Way (Israel)">New Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noy_(political_faction)" title="Noy (political faction)">Noy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ometz_(political_party)" title="Ometz (political party)">Ometz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Israel_(1980)" title="One Israel (1980)">One Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_(Israel)" title="One Nation (Israel)">One Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oz_LaAniyim" class="mw-redirect" title="Oz LaAniyim">Oz LaAniyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poalei_Agudat_Yisrael" title="Poalei Agudat Yisrael">Poalei Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Arab_Bloc" title="Popular Arab Bloc">Popular Arab Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Development" title="Progress and Development">Progress and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Work" title="Progress and Work">Progress and Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_List_for_Peace" title="Progressive List for Peace">Progressive List for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Alliance" title="Progressive National Alliance">Progressive National Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Israel)" title="Progressive Party (Israel)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_(political_party)" title="Rafi (political party)">Rafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratz_(political_party)" title="Ratz (political party)">Ratz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Way_(political_party)" title="The Right Way (political party)">The Right Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardim_and_Oriental_Communities" title="Sephardim and Oriental Communities">Sephardim and Oriental Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinui" title="Shinui">Shinui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomtzion_(political_party)" title="Shlomtzion (political party)">Shlomtzion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Justice_(political_party)" title="Social Justice (political party)">Social Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafnit" title="Tafnit">Tafnit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tami_(political_party)" title="Tami (political party)">Tami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehiya" title="Tehiya">Tehiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telem_(1981_political_party)" title="Telem (1981 political party)">Telem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Israel)" title="Third Way (Israel)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzalash" title="Tzalash">Tzalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Right-Wing_Parties" title="Union of Right-Wing Parties">Union of Right-Wing Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List_(1977)" title="United Arab List (1977)">United Arab List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Religious_Front" title="United Religious Front">United Religious Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_for_Peace_and_Immigration" title="Unity for Peace and Immigration">Unity for Peace and Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_(Israel)" title="Unity Party (Israel)">Unity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_Zionist_Organization" title="Women's International Zionist Organization">Women's International Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Party_(Israel)" title="Women's Party (Israel)">Women's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ad_%E2%80%93_Civil_Rights_Movement" title="Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement">Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ad_(political_party)" title="Ya'ad (political party)">Ya'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahad_(1984_political_party)" title="Yahad (1984 political party)">Yahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamin_Yisrael" title="Yamin Yisrael">Yamin Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Association" title="Yemenite Association">Yemenite Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_BaAliyah" title="Yisrael BaAliyah">Yisrael BaAliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_HaMithadeshet" title="Yisrael HaMithadeshet">Yisrael HaMithadeshet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiud" title="Yiud">Yiud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of political parties in Israel">List of political parties in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_political_parties_in_Israel" title="List of minor political parties in Israel">List of minor political parties in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070487#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata672" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070487#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata672" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070487#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158314853">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4009907-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83152703">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007309210405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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