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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">2018–2019 Gaza border protests</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>The 2015 March of Return in <a href="/wiki/Hadatha" title="Hadatha">Hadatha</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>March of Return</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مسيرة العودة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Masīrat al-ʻAwdah</i></span>) is an annual protest march in Israel organized by the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Defense_of_the_Rights_of_the_Internally_Displaced" title="Association for the Defense of the Rights of the Internally Displaced">Association for the Defense of the Rights of the Internally Displaced</a> (ADRID), also known as the Committee of the Uprooted,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which represents the "<a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentees</a>", i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a> who are <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally displaced persons">internally displaced</a>. The march takes place annually on or around <a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a> or <a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a>, with a different destination each year – each year one of the <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>400 <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">depopulated Palestinian villages in Israel</a> is chosen.<sup id="cite_ref-Wermenbol_2021_p._2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wermenbol_2021_p.-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek_2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_and_history">Description and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_of_Return_(Israel)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The march traces its origins to the early 1980s when hundreds of Palestinian Israelis marched to commemorate their expulsion from <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="Kafr Bir'im">Kafr Bir'im</a>, gradually institutionalizing the practice of private family visits to destroyed villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek_2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The march intersects with the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a> commemoration, following the 1976 land confiscations, which diversified in the 1980s to include organized visits to depopulated villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek_2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Committee of the Uprooted first organized a Land Day rally in the depopulated village of <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya" title="Al-Ghabisiyya">Al-Ghabisiyya</a> in 1995. In 1998, they named their annual event a "March of Return", beginning a tradition of a mass march to different depopulated villages each year on Nakba Day. The event's secular character, with mixed-gender participation, <a href="/wiki/Dabka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabka">dabka</a> dancing, and secular music, contrasts with the Palestinian Israeli Islamist factions' more reserved attitude. The marches have been unified, peaceful festivals, contrasting with Nakba Day events in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> that have been marked by confrontations and violence against the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation of the West Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek_2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Committee of the Uprooted orchestrates the marches in conjunction with Israeli authorities, aiming to avoid provocation and maintain positive relations with Israeli Jewish communities. Efforts include discipline in protest expressions, careful route planning to avoid conflicts with Jewish localities, and refraining from marching to certain villages. Jewish participation, including speakers and organizational involvement, has been consistently maintained, though it remains a largely Palestinian-led initiative.<sup id="cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorek_2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destinations_and_attendance">Destinations and attendance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_of_Return_(Israel)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Destinations and attendance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list below summarizes the destinations of the marches, and where known, the attendance:<sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Hawsha" title="Hawsha">Hawsha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Kasayir" title="Khirbat Al-Kasayir">Khirbat Al-Kasayir</a>, 15,000 attendees<sup id="cite_ref-n025_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n025-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="Lajjun">Lajjun</a><sup id="cite_ref-Iraqi_2023_r320_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iraqi_2023_r320-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Mi%27ar" title="Mi'ar">Mi'ar</a><sup id="cite_ref-Reiff_2022_o703_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reiff_2022_o703-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Dumun" title="Khirbat Al-Dumun">Al-Dumun</a> (mostly online due to Covid)<sup id="cite_ref-Middle_East_Eye_2021_a616_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middle_East_Eye_2021_a616-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Khubbayza" title="Khubbayza">Khubbayza</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_Times_of_Israel_2019_s810_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_Israel_2019_s810-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="Château Pèlerin">Atlit</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ashly_2018_r654_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashly_2018_r654-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri" title="Al-Kabri">Al-Kabri</a>, initially 25,000 attendees anticipated and blocked by Israeli government.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_2017_k730_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook_2017_k730-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Route changed and proceeded.<sup id="cite_ref-Surkes_Kirsh_Fabian_Fabian_2017_y330_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Surkes_Kirsh_Fabian_Fabian_2017_y330-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2016: Wadi Subala (<a href="/wiki/Tiyaha" title="Tiyaha">Tiyaha</a> bedouin)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJärvi2021_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJärvi2021-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Hadatha" title="Hadatha">Hadatha</a><sup id="cite_ref-Roth-Rowland_2015_y888_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-Rowland_2015_y888-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Lubya" title="Lubya">Lubya</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Al_Jazeera_2014_i171_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al_Jazeera_2014_i171-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 20,000 attendees, the largest Nakba demonstration in Israel ever at that time<sup id="cite_ref-Cook_2014_c839_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook_2014_c839-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Khubbayza" title="Khubbayza">Khubbayza</a>, 7,000 attendees<sup id="cite_ref-Matar_2013_g701_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matar_2013_g701-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Kuwaykat" title="Kuwaykat">Kuwaykat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amka" title="Amka">Amka</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWermenbol202174–78_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWermenbol202174–78-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Al-Ruways" title="Al-Ruways">Al-Ruways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Dumun" title="Khirbat Al-Dumun">Al-Dumun</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Miska,_Tulkarm" title="Miska, Tulkarm">Miska</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Al-Kafrayn" title="Al-Kafrayn">Al-Kafrayn</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Saffuriya</a><sup id="cite_ref-Adalah_2008_d386_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adalah_2008_d386-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="Lajjun">Lajjun</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Umm_az-Zinat" title="Umm az-Zinat">Umm az-Zinat</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Hawsha" title="Hawsha">Hawsha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Kasayir" title="Khirbat Al-Kasayir">Khirbat Al-Kasayir</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Indur" title="Indur">Indur</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Umm_az-Zinat" title="Umm az-Zinat">Umm az-Zinat</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Al-Birwa" title="Al-Birwa">Al-Birwa</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Ma%27alul" title="Ma'alul">Ma'alul</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Dumun" title="Khirbat Al-Dumun">Al-Dumun</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Saffuriya</a><sup id="cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya" title="Al-Ghabisiyya">Al-Ghabisiyya</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWermenbol202174–78_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWermenbol202174–78-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_of_Return_(Israel)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">2018–2019 Gaza border protests</a>, a similar event in Gaza in 2018–19</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_is_in_danger" title="Al-Aqsa is in danger">Al-Aqsa is in danger</a>, a large event amongst the Islamic community in Israel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_of_Return_(Israel)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJärvi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Järvi, Tiina (2021-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F04353684.2021.1876524">"Demonstrating the desired future: performative dimensions of internally displaced Palestinians' return activities"</a>. <i>Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography</i>. <b>103</b> (4): 380–396. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F04353684.2021.1876524">10.1080/04353684.2021.1876524</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0435-3684">0435-3684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geografiska+Annaler%3A+Series+B%2C+Human+Geography&rft.atitle=Demonstrating+the+desired+future%3A+performative+dimensions+of+internally+displaced+Palestinians%27+return+activities&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=380-396&rft.date=2021-10-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F04353684.2021.1876524&rft.issn=0435-3684&rft.aulast=J%C3%A4rvi&rft.aufirst=Tiina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F04353684.2021.1876524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+of+Return+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorek2015" class="citation book cs1">Sorek, Tamir (2015). "The March of Return and the Religious-Secular Divide". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xgRfBwAAQBAJ"><i>Palestinian Commemoration in Israel: Calendars, Monuments, and Martyrs</i></a>. Stanford Studies in Middle Eastern and Islamic Societies and Cultures. Stanford University Press. pp. 72–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-9520-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-9520-3"><bdi>978-0-8047-9520-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+March+of+Return+and+the+Religious-Secular+Divide&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Commemoration+in+Israel%3A+Calendars%2C+Monuments%2C+and+Martyrs&rft.series=Stanford+Studies+in+Middle+Eastern+and+Islamic+Societies+and+Cultures&rft.pages=72-80&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-9520-3&rft.aulast=Sorek&rft.aufirst=Tamir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxgRfBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+of+Return+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWermenbol2021" class="citation book cs1">Wermenbol, Grace (2021-05-27). "4 - Recreating and Reclaiming the Lost Homeland: The March of Return". <i>A Tale of Two Narratives: The Holocaust, the Nakba, and the Israeli-Palestinian Battle of Memories</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108885430.007">10.1017/9781108885430.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-88543-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-88543-0"><bdi>978-1-108-88543-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+-+Recreating+and+Reclaiming+the+Lost+Homeland%3A+The+March+of+Return&rft.btitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Narratives%3A+The+Holocaust%2C+the+Nakba%2C+and+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Battle+of+Memories&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108885430.007&rft.isbn=978-1-108-88543-0&rft.aulast=Wermenbol&rft.aufirst=Grace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+of+Return+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_of_Return_(Israel)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJärvi2021">Järvi 2021</a>: "As mentioned, the tradition of internally displaced Palestinians visiting the villages annually has existed for several decades. It was, however, only in 1998 when ADRID established it as a nation-wide event that has been organized annually on Israel’s Independence Day… For most families, the March of Return did not replace family visits altogether but became an additional and more politicized event… One reason for the growth of the March of Return is that for the tens of thousands of participants, the day is a national holiday in Israel, and they are thus free of other obligations. The performative importance of organizing the March on Israeli Independence Day, however, transcends the visibility gained by the number of people. The organizers recognize that the significance of appropriating the day is that it is ‘stating mainly: your day of independence is our day of catastrophe, Nakba’. Furthermore, marking Independence Day as a day of mourning is criminalized in Israel with the so-called Nakba Law that enable reducing state funding and support from institutions that are ‘rejecting the existence of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state’ or ‘commemorating Independence Day or the day of the establishment of the state as a day of mourning’… By defining how the Independence Day can and should be commemorated, the state attempts to regulate the ways it can be represented and who is included in the national body. With the March Palestinians thus challenge the narratives of official independence celebrations and assert that the state is founded on dispossession and that Israeli landscape is built on Palestinian ruins. Thus, the March of Return challenges those ways through which the state aims to present itself and can thus work as a ‘performative contradiction’... that can – over time – facilitate a political change and challenge the exclusions that are constitutive for the state… The performative power of the March of Return is that it, albeit temporarily, makes visible the Palestinian past, and brings to the fore the continuing existence of Palestinians on the land. By assembling for the March, Palestinians are exercising the performative right to appear… Similarly for Palestinians, while it might not be accurate to speak about healing from a trauma as it is still ongoing, the annual event of March of Return does provide a means to bear witness to the consequences of Nakba by appearing in the places Palestinians were erased from and claim the right to return to those places by enacting the future in which also healing and justice could be possible."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wermenbol_2021_p.-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wermenbol_2021_p._2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWermenbol2021">Wermenbol 2021</a>, pp. 74–78: "The March of Return, held annually since 1998, is the largest commemoration dedicated to the Nakba with tens of thousands of Palestinians participating every year."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sorek_2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sorek_2015_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSorek2015">Sorek 2015</a>, pp. 72–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-الجزيرة_نت_2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-الجزيرة_نت_2018_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2018/3/30/مسيرات-العودة">"مسيرات العودة.. شوق إلى الأرض وتشبث بالحق [The return marches... longing for the land and clinging to the truth]"</a>. <i>الجزيرة نت</i> (in Arabic). 2018-03-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%86%D8%AA&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9..+%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%82+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%AB+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%82+%5BThe+return+marches...+longing+for+the+land+and+clinging+to+the+truth%5D&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fencyclopedia%2F2018%2F3%2F30%2F%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarch+of+Return+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-n025-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-n025_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiff2024" class="citation web cs1">Reiff, Ben (2024-05-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/nakba-march-of-return-gaza/">"Nakba commemorated in shadow of Gaza war"</a>. <i>+972 Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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