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<button aria-controls="toc-Initial_mission_concept-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Initial mission concept subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Initial_mission_concept-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2014_robotic_lander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_robotic_lander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>2014 robotic lander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_robotic_lander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Further plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Team_and_advisers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Team_and_advisers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Team and advisers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Team_and_advisers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desired_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desired_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Desired technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Desired_technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Desired technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Desired_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launcher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launcher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Launcher</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launcher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mars_Transit_Vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mars_Transit_Vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Mars Transit Vehicle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mars_Transit_Vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demo_lander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demo_lander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Demo lander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demo_lander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communications_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communications_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Communications system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communications_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lander" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lander"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Lander</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lander-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mars_suit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mars_suit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Mars suit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mars_suit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_support_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_support_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Life support systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_support_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronaut_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronaut_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Astronaut selection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Astronaut_selection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Astronaut selection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Astronaut_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sign_up_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sign_up_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sign up period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sign_up_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Round_1:_First_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_1:_First_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Round 1: First selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_1:_First_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Round_2:_The_Mars_100" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_2:_The_Mars_100"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Round 2: The Mars 100</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_2:_The_Mars_100-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Round_3:_Group_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_3:_Group_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Round 3: Group challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_3:_Group_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Round_4:_Isolation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_4:_Isolation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Round 4: Isolation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_4:_Isolation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Round_5:_Mars_Settler_Suitability_Interview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_5:_Mars_Settler_Suitability_Interview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Round 5: Mars Settler Suitability Interview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_5:_Mars_Settler_Suitability_Interview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronaut_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronaut_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Astronaut training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronaut_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revenues_and_investment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenues_and_investment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Revenues and investment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Revenues_and_investment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Revenues and investment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Revenues_and_investment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reality_TV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reality_TV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Reality TV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reality_TV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sponsors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sponsors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sponsors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sponsors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Donations_and_merchandise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Donations_and_merchandise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Donations and merchandise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Donations_and_merchandise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crowdfunding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crowdfunding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Crowdfunding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crowdfunding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bankruptcy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bankruptcy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bankruptcy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bankruptcy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Criticism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_advocacy_and_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_advocacy_and_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Space advocacy and policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_advocacy_and_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronauts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronauts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Astronauts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronauts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mars One</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_1" title="مارس 1 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارس 1" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One_layih%C9%99si" title="Mars One layihəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mars One layihəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مارس وان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مارس وان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3" title="マーズワン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マーズワン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மார்ஸ் ஒன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மார்ஸ் ஒன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="มาร์สวัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มาร์สวัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_One" title="Mars One – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mars One" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the defunct Mars colonization firm. For the 2022 film, see <a href="/wiki/Mars_One_(film)" title="Mars One (film)">Mars One (film)</a>. For the first Soviet spacecraft for Mars, see <a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mars_1_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mars 1 (disambiguation)">Mars 1 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Defunct organization and company that promoted Mars colonization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mars One</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mars_One_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mars_One_logo.png/220px-Mars_One_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mars_One_logo.png/330px-Mars_One_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mars_One_logo.png/440px-Mars_One_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="1113" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">2011<span class="noprint">; 13 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2011</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bas_Lansdorp" title="Bas Lansdorp">Bas Lansdorp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Private organization">Private organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Defunct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Permanent Mars settlement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bas_Lansdorp" title="Bas Lansdorp">Bas Lansdorp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (in 2012)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190131065806/https://www.mars-one.com/">https://www.mars-one.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mars One</b> was a small private Dutch organization that received money from investors by claiming it would use it to <a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">land the first humans on Mars</a> and leave them there to <a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">establish a permanent human colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-about_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M1-20161207_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M1-20161207-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From its announcement in 2012 to its bankruptcy in early 2019, it is estimated to have received tens of millions of dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization was not an aerospace company and did not manufacture hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-TechMars_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechMars-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mars One consisted of two entities: the not-for-profit <i>Mars One Foundation</i>, and the for-profit company <i>Mars One Ventures</i> which was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Controlling_stockholder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Controlling stockholder (page does not exist)">controlling stockholder</a> of the for-profit Interplanetary Media Group that also managed the broadcasting rights. The Mars One Foundation, based in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, managed the project. The small organization had four employees,<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and intended to make profits by selling media (documentaries) about the personnel selection, training and colonization.<sup id="cite_ref-profit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first mission was estimated by its CEO <a href="/wiki/Bas_Lansdorp" title="Bas Lansdorp">Bas Lansdorp</a> to cost about $6 billion as of the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-profit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept had been criticized by scientists, engineers, and those in the aerospace industry as glossing over logistics and medical concerns, and lacking critical concepts about hardware. The concept had been called a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_mission" title="Suicide mission">suicide mission</a> by academia, the spaceflight industry, and international news.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 January 2019, a court decision was settled to liquidate the for-profit company, bankrupting it in the process.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mars One's original concept included launching a robotic <a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Mars lander</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Mars orbiter</a> as early as 2020, to be followed by a human crew of four in 2024, and one in 2026 which would not be returning to Earth. Although the announcement garnered much international publicity, the concept was criticized by scientists, engineers, and people in the aerospace industry.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mars One was said to be very short on funding, lacking critical concepts about hardware, life support, electrical power supply, and was criticized as glossing over logistics, medical concerns, and protection against space radiation.<sup id="cite_ref-iflscience_2015-08-21_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iflscience_2015-08-21-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MIT_CHu_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT_CHu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Day_20152_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day_20152-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept was called a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_mission" title="Suicide mission">suicide mission</a> in academia, spaceflight, and international news.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MIT_CHu_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT_CHu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iflscience_2015-08-21_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iflscience_2015-08-21-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By February 2015, two conceptual studies were done by contractors.<sup id="cite_ref-roboticworkends_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roboticworkends-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the criticism and lack of funding, about 2,700 people applied to become one of the 24 finalists "to settle Mars".<sup id="cite_ref-profit_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_mission_concept">Initial mission concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Initial mission concept"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2013, Mars One announced its concept of a robotic precursor mission. Originally scheduled for launch in 2020, the roadmap called for the launch to occur in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If funded, the robotic <a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">lander</a> would be "built by <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> based on the design used for NASA's <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i> landers, as well as a communications orbiter built by <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">Surrey Satellite Technology</a> Ltd."<sup id="cite_ref-nsj20140101_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsj20140101-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2015, Lockheed Martin and Surrey Satellite Technology confirmed that contracts on the initial study phase begun in late 2013 had run out and additional contracts had not been received for further progress on the robotic missions. Plans were set in motion to raise the <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$200 million</span> needed to support the initial robotic mission,<sup id="cite_ref-roboticworkends_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roboticworkends-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsj20140101_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsj20140101-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but some critics<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2020)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> did not find the economic plans to raise money from private investors and exclusive broadcasting rights to be sufficient to support the initial, or follow-on, mission(s). </p><p>Mars One selected a second-round pool of astronaut candidates in 2013. Mars One received interest from over 200,000 applicants for the first round. However, as candidate Joseph Roche asserted, the number of initial applicants who completed the application process was only 2,761,<sup id="cite_ref-Elmo_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which Mars One later confirmed via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> video.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second-round pool was whittled down to 705 candidates (418 men and 287 women) in the beginning of May 2014. 353 were removed due to personal considerations.<sup id="cite_ref-second_rd_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-second_rd-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the medical physical requirement, 660 candidates remained.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube.com_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third round of candidate selection concluded in 2015. The remaining 100 candidates, known as The Mars 100, consisted of 50 men and 50 women who were slated to move forward to the next round, where 40 individuals would have been chosen through an interview process.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 June 2014, it was made public that Mars One was seeking financial investment through a bidding process to send company experiments to Mars. The experiment slots would go to the highest bidder and would include company-related ads, and the opportunity to have the company name on the robotic lander that was proposed to carry the experiments to Mars in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-NBC20140630_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC20140630-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a video posted on 19 March 2015, Lansdorp said that because of delays in funding the robotic precursor mission, the first crew would not set down on Mars until 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iflscience_2015-08-21_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iflscience_2015-08-21-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the criticism reported in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Space_Review" title="The Space Review">The Space Review</a></i> in October 2016 about funding mechanisms,<sup id="cite_ref-tsr20161010carberry_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsr20161010carberry-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mars One created Mars One Ventures.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2016 Mars One had changed its first crewed mission date to 2032.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_robotic_lander">2014 robotic lander</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2014 robotic lander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_landing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Phoenix_landing.jpg/220px-Phoenix_landing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Phoenix_landing.jpg/330px-Phoenix_landing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Phoenix_landing.jpg/440px-Phoenix_landing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5200" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>Artist's impression of the NASA <i>Phoenix</i> spacecraft as it lands on Mars</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2013, mission concept studies for a robotic Mars lander were contracted with <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> for a demonstration mission concept. It would be based on the design of the successful 2007 <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)">Phoenix</a></i> lander,<sup id="cite_ref-nsj20140101_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsj20140101-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provide proof of concept for a subset of the key technologies for a later human settlement on Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-pw20131210_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pw20131210-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon submission of Lockheed Martin's Proposal Information Package,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mars One released a Request for Proposals<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the various payloads on the lander. The total payload mass of 44 kg was divided among the seven payloads as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Water extraction (10.0003 kg)</li> <li>Soil acquisition (15 kg)</li> <li>Thin film solar power demonstrator (6 kg)</li> <li>Camera system (5 kg)</li> <li>Open for random proposals from the highest bidder (4 kg)</li> <li>Educational payload (2 kg)</li> <li>Winning university experiment (2 kg)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_plans">Further plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A robotic rover was proposed to be launched to Mars in 2022, in order to scout a landing site for the 2027 lander and a site for the Mars One colony. At the same time, a communication satellite would be launched, enabling continuous communication with the future landed assets. For 2024, six cargo missions were proposed, in close succession, consisting of two living units, two life-support units, and two supply units; a spacecraft transporting four astronauts was proposed to meet a transit vehicle bound for Mars. For 2025, the landing module transporting four astronauts was proposed to land on Mars. They envisioned the crew to be met by the rover, and taken to the Mars One colony.<sup id="cite_ref-Mars_One_2014_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mars_One_2014-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>TABLE 1: Mission elements road-map </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Initial concept </th> <th>Last concept<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_plan"><a href="#endnote_plan">a</a></sup> </th> <th>Desired milestone </th> <th>Situation at end of Program </th></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>2018 </td> <td>Candidate pool would be reduced to 40 contestants,<sup id="cite_ref-rs20120605_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rs20120605-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possible building of the settlement for training purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Sen_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The candidate pool was reduced to 100<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>2024 </td> <td>The first communication satellite (ComSat), and a lander to demonstrate certain key technologies. </td> <td>One initial concept study by Lockheed Martin (lander) and Surrey Satellite Technology (orbiter);<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not funded nor designed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>2026 </td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">rover</a> (yet to be designed) would be launched to help select the location of the settlement. A second ComSat would launch to L5 to enable near-24/7 communication.<sup id="cite_ref-Sen_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not contracted<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_robots"><a href="#endnote_robots">b</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>2029 </td> <td>A second rover and six notional modified Dragon capsules and another rover would launch with two living units, two life-support units and two supply units. </td> <td>Not contracted<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_robots"><a href="#endnote_robots">b</a></sup><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_SpaceX"><a href="#endnote_SpaceX">c</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>2030 </td> <td>The autonomous rovers would begin settlement assembly. The Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) would produce a breathable atmosphere of 0.7 bar pressure, 3000 liters of water, 240 kg of oxygen, which would be stored in the habitat for later use. </td> <td>Not contracted </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>2031 </td> <td>A notional <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> would launch with the first group of four colonists.<sup id="cite_ref-Sen_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not contracted<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_SpaceX"><a href="#endnote_SpaceX">c</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>2032 </td> <td>The first colonists arrive on Mars in a notional lander. </td> <td>Not contracted<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_SpaceX"><a href="#endnote_SpaceX">c</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>2033 </td> <td>Second crew of four colonists would be launched.<sup id="cite_ref-Sen_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sen-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not planned </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td>2034 </td> <td>Second crew would arrive on Mars. </td> <td>Not planned </td></tr> <tr> <td>2031 </td> <td>2040 </td> <td>The colony would reach 20 settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-dj20120601_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dj20120601-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Not planned </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Notes:<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_plan"><b><a href="#ref_plan">^a</a></b></span> The initial concept timeline slipped 2 times, with a 2-year delay each time.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_robots"><b><a href="#ref_robots">^b</a></b></span> Work on robotic missions was suspended pending further review and future contract direction in February 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-roboticworkends_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roboticworkends-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_SpaceX"><b><a href="#ref_SpaceX">^c</a></b></span> SpaceX had no contracts with MarsOne and the project did not appear on their launch manifest.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Team_and_advisers">Team and advisers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Team and advisers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mars One team consisted of Chief Executive Officer and co-founder <a href="/wiki/Bas_Lansdorp" title="Bas Lansdorp">Bas Lansdorp</a>, Chief Technical Officer and co-founder Arnold Wielders, Chief Medical Officer Norbert Kraft, Mission Concept Artist <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Versteeg" title="Bryan Versteeg">Bryan Versteeg</a>, Senior Marketing Strategist KC Frank, and Chief Information Officer Tom Van Braeckel.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mars One's team of advisers consisted of over 30 industry and scientific experts,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Mason_Peck" title="Mason Peck">Mason Peck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Smith_(physicist)" title="Peter Smith (physicist)">Peter Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_R._Kass" title="James R. Kass">James R. Kass</a>, K.R. Sridhara Murthi, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Dyson" title="Esther Dyson">Esther Dyson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zubrin" title="Robert Zubrin">Robert Zubrin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desired_technology">Desired technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Desired technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mars One was not an aerospace company and would not have manufactured hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-TechMars_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TechMars-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lansdorp assumed all major components would be available in the aerospace market,<sup id="cite_ref-mars1tech_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars1tech-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said Mars One had identified at least one potential supplier for each component of the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-kwai20120603-2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kwai20120603-2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launcher">Launcher</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Launcher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> mentioned in 2014 that they had been contacted by Mars One, but that accommodating Mars One requirements would require some additional work and that such action was not a part of the current focus of SpaceX.<sup id="cite_ref-tss20140321_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tss20140321-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SpaceX had no contracts with Mars One.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Mars One cargo mission to Mars was proposed to launch by 2022, followed by a crewed mission in 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but without funds, hardware, and without a launcher it did not happen.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mars_Transit_Vehicle">Mars Transit Vehicle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mars Transit Vehicle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A hypothetical crewed interplanetary spacecraft, for which there were no concept design studies, was to have been assembled in low Earth orbit and comprise two propellant modules: a Transit Living Module (discarded just before arrival at Mars) and a lander (see "Human Lander" below).<sup id="cite_ref-mars1tech_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars1tech-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MTV_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTV-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Mars One speculated that the Transit Living Module might potentially be designed and built by <a href="/wiki/Thales_Alenia_Space" title="Thales Alenia Space">Thales Alenia Space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suppliers_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suppliers-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demo_lander">Demo lander</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demo lander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A concept study was produced by <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> for a demonstration lander based on the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a> lander.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsj20140101_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsj20140101-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communications_system">Communications system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Communications system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2013 Mars One awarded a contract to <a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">Surrey Satellite Technology</a> for a study of the satellite technology required to provide 24/7 communication between Earth and the Mars base.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ViaSatellite_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ViaSatellite-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mars One proposed at least two satellites, one in <a href="/wiki/Areostationary_orbit" title="Areostationary orbit">areostationary orbit</a> above Mars and a second at the <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian point">Earth – Sun L4 or L5 point</a> to relay the signal when Mars blocks the areosynchronous satellite from line of sight to Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-ViaSatellite_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ViaSatellite-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that a third satellite would be required to relay the signal on the rare occasions when the Sun blocks the first relay satellite from line of sight with Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-ViaSatellite_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ViaSatellite-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lander">Lander</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lander"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An early notional crewed lander was shown in concept art<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> as a 5-meter (16 ft)-diameter variant of <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a>, but SpaceX declined to collaborate with Mars One.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planne_===Rover===_The_[[crewed_Mars_rover]]_was_to_have_been_unpressurized_and_claimed_to_be_designed_to_be_capable_of_supporting_travel_distances_of_80_km_(50_miles).<ref_name=_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planne_===Rover===_The_[[crewed_Mars_rover]]_was_to_have_been_unpressurized_and_claimed_to_be_designed_to_be_capable_of_supporting_travel_distances_of_80_km_(50_miles).<ref_name=-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One mentioned supplier for the rover in 2012 was <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suppliers_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suppliers-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (January 2014)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mars_suit">Mars suit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mars suit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mars_suit" title="Mars suit">Mars suit</a></div> <p>On 12 March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Paragon_Space_Development_Corporation" title="Paragon Space Development Corporation">Paragon Space Development Corporation</a> was contracted to develop concepts for life support and the Mars Surface Exploration Spacesuit System, and it included the pressure suit and the Portable Life Support System (PLSS) that could have permitted survival outside the habitat. The suggested supplier of the suits was <a href="/wiki/ILC_Dover" title="ILC Dover">ILC Dover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study was stated to be finished late summer 2013; Mars One released the results of this (ECLSS portion only) study to the public in June 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but did not fund its research and development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_support_systems">Life support systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Life support systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, Mars One signed a contract with Paragon Space Development Corporation, for a preliminary <a href="/wiki/Life_support_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support system">life support system</a> concept study based on the International Space Station.<sup id="cite_ref-wiredUK_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiredUK-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea was criticized because that system, as modern as it is, requires significant maintenance and supplies not available while on Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronaut_selection">Astronaut selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Astronaut selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sign_up_period">Sign up period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sign up period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The application was available from 22 April 2013 to 31 August 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-selection_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first application consisted of applicant's general information, a motivational letter, a résumé and a video. More than 200,000 people expressed interest. By 9 September 2013, 4,227 applicants<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had paid their registration fee and submitted public videos in which they made their case for going to Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The application fee varies from US$5 to US$75 (the amount depending on the relative wealth of the applicant's country).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_1:_First_selection">Round 1: First selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Round 1: First selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The applicants selected in this round were declared on 30 December 2013. A total of 1,058 applicants from 107 countries were selected.<sup id="cite_ref-nsj20140101_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsj20140101-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gender split was 586 males (55.4%) and 472 females (44.6%). Among the people that were selected to move on to round two, 159 have a master's degree, 347 have bachelor's degrees and 29 have Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees. The majority of the applicants are under 36 and well educated.<sup id="cite_ref-theverge.com_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theverge.com-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_2:_The_Mars_100">Round 2: The Mars 100</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Round 2: The Mars 100"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:72.896862742141px 68.454710592869px 0 0; border-top-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:68.454710592869px 72.896862742141px 0 0; border-top-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:53.5826794979px 84.432792550202px 0 0; border-top-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:36.812455268468px 92.977648588825px 0 0; border-top-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 791.58150883058px 100px 0; border-right-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 54.975465219277px 100px 0; border-right-color:#1F78B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#1F78B4"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Distribution of the 1,058 applicants selected for Round 2 according to their academic degree<sup id="cite_ref-Aspiring_Martians_Round_2_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aspiring_Martians_Round_2-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1F78B4; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a> (33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#33A02C; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a> (15%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E31A1C; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> (8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">Associate degree</a> (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of law">Doctor of law</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;"> </span> Other (37%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Medically cleared candidates were interviewed, and 50 men and 50 women from the total pool of 660 from around the world were selected to move on to the third round of the astronaut selection process:<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Applicants by country: <ul><li>36 from: United States</li> <li>7 from: Australia</li> <li>4 from: Germany, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, Canada, United Kingdom, Russia, India</li> <li>3 from: <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li>2 from: <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, China, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, Spain</li> <li>1 from: Belgium, France, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, Austria, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, New Zealand, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li>the youngest: 20-year-old</li> <li>the oldest: 61-year-old</li></ul> <p>Applicants were remotely interviewed and recorded by Mars One over a relatively short <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=SparkHire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SparkHire (page does not exist)">SparkHire</a> call regarding Martian-related orbital, temp/pressure, geological and historical parameters and the specific elements of the Mars One one-way mission.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmo_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JoeGuard_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoeGuard-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashPostMar_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPostMar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph Roche, one of the finalists, has accused the selection process of being based on a point system that is primarily dependent on how much money each individual generated or gave to the Mars One organization, despite many of the round three selectees having not spent any money in the process, apart from the application fee, which varied as a function of each applicant's country <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmo_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JoeGuard_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoeGuard-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashPostMar_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPostMar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lansdorp acknowledges a "<a href="/wiki/Gamification" title="Gamification">gamification</a>" point system but denies that selection is based on money earned.<sup id="cite_ref-WashPostMar_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPostMar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roche also stated that if paid for interviews, they are asked to donate 75% of the payment to Mars One.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmo_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashPostMar_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPostMar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was confirmed by Lansdorp.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmo_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WashPostMar_79-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPostMar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_3:_Group_challenges">Round 3: Group challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Round 3: Group challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company had intended that the regional selection may be broadcast as a <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> show documenting group challenges, but no deal was reached with TV producers. The audience was to select one winner per region, and the experts could select additional participants, if needed, to continue to the international level.<sup id="cite_ref-selection_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selection-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 100 candidates, 40 individuals were to be chosen through an interview process.<sup id="cite_ref-Status_MarsOne_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Status_MarsOne-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Round 3 would take place after enough funding is secured for an "Earth-based simulation outpost."<sup id="cite_ref-Status_MarsOne_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Status_MarsOne-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_4:_Isolation">Round 4: Isolation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Round 4: Isolation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The remaining 40 candidates would be spending nine days in an isolation unit. The candidates are observed closely to examine how they act in situations of prolonged close contact with one another. It takes a specific team dynamic to be able to handle this, and the goal of this selection round is to find those that are best suited for this challenge. After the isolation round, 30 candidates would be chosen to undergo in a Mars Settler Suitability Interview.<sup id="cite_ref-mars-one.com_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars-one.com-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_5:_Mars_Settler_Suitability_Interview">Round 5: Mars Settler Suitability Interview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Round 5: Mars Settler Suitability Interview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mars Settler Suitability Interview would have measured suitability for long-duration space missions and Mars settlement, and would last approximately 4 hours. 24 candidates would be selected after the interview and would be offered full-time employment with Mars One.<sup id="cite_ref-mars-one.com_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mars-one.com-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronaut_training">Astronaut training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Astronaut training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the previous selection series, six groups of four were to become full-time employees of the Mars One, after which they were to train for the mission. An MIT team noted that since the company is not developing the technology needed, it is unclear what the astronauts would be training for.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_CHu_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT_CHu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Day_20152_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day_20152-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mars One has stated that the teams selected were going to undergo a battery of training, ranging from psycho-social skills to engineering and scientific observation.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revenues_and_investment">Revenues and investment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Revenues and investment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#B15928; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 753.47733832244px; border-left-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 352.45314152573px; border-left-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#FF7F00"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 219.63310880999px; border-left-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#E31A1C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 135.83513899568px; border-left-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#33A02C"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 21.036851205653px; border-left-color:#1F78B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#1F78B4"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#1F78B4"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Mars One's investment of revenues<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1F78B4; color:;"> </span> Concept design studies (78.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#33A02C; color:;"> </span> Travel expenses (11.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E31A1C; color:;"> </span> Legal expenses (3.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7F00; color:;"> </span> Website maintenance (2.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> Communications (2.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> Office and other (2.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Mars One funding came from astronaut application fees, donations, undisclosed private investment, intellectual property (IP) rights, and mostly, the potential sale of future broadcasting rights.<sup id="cite_ref-profit_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over three-quarters of the funds reportedly went to concept design studies. Mars One states that "income from donations and merchandise have not been used to pay salaries". To date, no financial records have been released for public viewing.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mars One initially estimated a one-way trip, excluding the cost of maintaining four astronauts on Mars until they die, at US$6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Space-20120831_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space-20120831-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lansdorp has declined questions regarding the cost estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reality_TV">Reality TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Reality TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A proposed global <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality-TV</a> show was intended to provide funds to finance the expedition, however, no such television show emerged and no contracts were signed. The astronaut selection process (with some public participation) was to be televised and continue on through the first years of living on Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-Reality_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reality-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Discussions between <a href="/wiki/Endemol" title="Endemol">Endemol</a> started in June 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-DSP20140602_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSP20140602-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> producers of the <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Brother (TV series)">Big Brother</a></i> series, and Mars One ended with Endemol subsidiary Darlow Smithson Productions issuing a statement in February 2015 that they "were unable to reach agreement on the details of the contract" and that the company was "no longer involved in the project."<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lansdorp updated plans to no longer include live broadcasts, but instead would rely on documentary-style short films produced by the company Stateless Media.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sponsors">Sponsors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sponsors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 31 August 2012, the company announced that funding from its first sponsors were received,<sup id="cite_ref-Space-20120831_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space-20120831-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the funds were used mostly to pay for two conceptual design studies performed by aerospace suppliers Lockheed Martin (lander) and Surrey Satellite Systems (orbiter).<sup id="cite_ref-Space-20120831_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Space-20120831-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 March 2014 Mars One announced a working agreement with <a href="/wiki/Uwingu" title="Uwingu">Uwingu</a>, stating that the program would use Uwingu's map of Mars in all of their missions.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Donations_and_merchandise">Donations and merchandise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Donations and merchandise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-right"> <caption>Revenues that Mars One had received from merchandise sale, donations and the Indiegogo crowd funding campaign until 4 July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Country of buyer/donor </th> <th scope="col">Revenue amount (in US $) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:14.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">371,102</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">94,580</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.9em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">73,289</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">65,799</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">42,579</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">39,396</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">20,935</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">20,568</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">18,726</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.7em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">18,590</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.6em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">15,892</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.5em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">11,782</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">11,066</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">9,683</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">8,992</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.4em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">8,927</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">7,825</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.3em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">7,342</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">6,087</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:0.2em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">5,428</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Others (93 countries) </th> <td><div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 15em;"><div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.8em;"></div><span class="bar-chart-bar-numbers" style="width: 15em;"><span class="nowrap">70,300</span></span></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="bar-chart-caption" colspan="10"> <p><b>Total (from 113 countries)</b>: $928,888 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the official announcement of their conversion to a <i><a href="/wiki/Stichting" title="Stichting">Stichting</a></i> foundation, Mars One began accepting donations through their website. As of 4 July 2016, Mars One had received $928,888 in donations and <a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandise sales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 donation update adds the <a href="/wiki/Indiegogo" title="Indiegogo">Indiegogo</a> campaign ($313,744) to the private donation and merchandise total. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Crowdfunding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 10 December 2013, Mars One set up a crowdfunding campaign on <a href="/wiki/Indiegogo" title="Indiegogo">Indiegogo</a> to help fund a 2018 demonstration robotic mission that was not built. The alleged 2018 mission would have included a lander and a communications satellite to prove technologies in addition to launch and landing. The campaign goal was to raise US$400,000 by 25 January 2014. Since the ending date was drawing near, they decided to extend the ending date to 9 February 2014. By the end of the campaign, they had received $313,744. Indiegogo received 9% ($28,237).<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bankruptcy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trading of the shares of Mars One Ventures AG, listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, was suspended on 5 February 2019 for non-compliance with the FSE regulations when the number of shares was increased in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-bankruptcy_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bankruptcy-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2019, it was reported that Mars One had declared <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> court on 15 January 2019, and was permanently dissolved as a company.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total debt is approximately €1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-bankruptcy_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bankruptcy-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mars One received a variety of criticism, mostly relating to medical,<sup id="cite_ref-WIRED-20140212_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIRED-20140212-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> technical and financial feasibility. There were also unverified claims that Mars One was a scam designed to take as much money as possible from donors, including reality show contestants.<sup id="cite_ref-techspot.com_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techspot.com-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many criticized the project's US$6 billion budget as being too low to successfully transport humans to Mars, to the point of being delusional.<sup id="cite_ref-Day_20152_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day_20152-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-delusional_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delusional-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar project study by NASA estimated the cost of such a feat at US$100 billion, although that included transporting the astronauts back to Earth. Objections had also been raised regarding the reality TV project associated with the expedition. Given the transient nature of most reality TV ventures, many believed that as viewership declined, funding could significantly decrease, thereby harming the entire expedition. Further, contestants reported that they were ranked based on their donations and funds raised.<sup id="cite_ref-techspot.com_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techspot.com-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academia">Academia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Academia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Logsdon" title="John Logsdon">John Logsdon</a>, a space policy expert at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, criticized the program, saying it appeared to be a scam<sup id="cite_ref-delusional_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delusional-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not "a credible proposition".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chris Welch, director of the Masters Programs at the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_University" title="International Space University">International Space University</a>, said "Even ignoring the potential mismatch between the project income and its costs and questions about its longer-term viability, the Mars One proposal does not demonstrate a sufficiently deep understanding of the problems to give real confidence that the project would be able to meet its very ambitious schedule."<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">Gerard 't Hooft</a>, theoretical physicist and ambassador<sup id="cite_ref-GerardAmbassador_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GerardAmbassador-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Mars One, has stated that he thought both their proposed schedule and budget were off by a factor of ten.<sup id="cite_ref-Elmo_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elmo-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GuardUnreal_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuardUnreal-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said he still supported the project's overall goals.<sup id="cite_ref-GuardUnreal_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuardUnreal-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A space logistics analysis conducted by PhD candidates at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> revealed that the most optimistic of scenarios would require 15 <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> launches that would cost approximately $4.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_CHu_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT_CHu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They concluded that the reliability of Environmental Control and Life Support systems (ECLS), the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), and in situ resource utilization (<a href="/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization" title="In situ resource utilization">ISRU</a>) would have to be improved. Additionally, they determined that if the costs of launch were also lowered dramatically, together this would help to reduce the mass and cost of Mars settlement architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_CHu_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT_CHu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The environmental system would result in failure to be able to support human life in 68 days if fire safety standards on over-oxygenation were followed, due to excessive use of nitrogen supplies that would not then be able to be used to compensate leakage of air out of the habitat, leading to a resultant loss in pressurization, ending with pressures too low to support human life.<sup id="cite_ref-MIT_CHu_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT_CHu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lansdorp replied that although he has not read all the research, supplier Lockheed Martin said that the technologies were viable.<sup id="cite_ref-Rafi_Letzler_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafi_Letzler-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another serious concern uncovered in the research conducted by MIT was replacement parts. The PhD candidates estimated the need for spare parts in a Mars colony based on the failure rates of parts on the ISS. They determined that a resupply mission every two years would be necessary unless a large space in the initial launch were to be reserved for extra materials. Lansdorp commented on this saying, "They are correct. The major challenge of Mars One is keeping everything up and running. We don't believe what we have designed is the best solution. It's a good solution."<sup id="cite_ref-Rafi_Letzler_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafi_Letzler-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2015, one of the Mars One finalists, Joseph Roche,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stated to media outlets that he believed the mission to be a scam. Roche holds doctorate degrees in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysics</a>, and shared many of his concerns and criticisms of the mission. These claims include that the organization lied about the number of applicants, stating that 200,000 individuals applied versus Roche's claim of 2,761, and that many of the applicants had paid to be put on the list. Furthermore, Roche claimed that Mars One was asking finalists for donations from any money earned from guest appearances (which would amount to a minimal portion of the estimated $6 billion required for the mission). Finally, despite being one of 100 finalists, Roche himself never spoke to any Mars One employee or representative in person, and instead of psychological or psychometric testing as is normal for astronaut candidates (especially for a lengthy, one-way mission), his interview process consisted of a 10-minute <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> conversation.<sup id="cite_ref-techspot.com_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techspot.com-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_advocacy_and_policy">Space advocacy and policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Space advocacy and policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zubrin" title="Robert Zubrin">Robert Zubrin</a>, advocate for crewed Martian exploration, said "I don't think the business plan closes it. We're going to go to Mars, we need a billion dollars, and we're going to make up the revenue with advertising and media rights and so on. You might be able to make up some of the money that way, but I don't think that anyone who is interested in making money is going to invest on that basis – invest in this really risky proposition, and if you're lucky you'll break even? That doesn't fly."<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his criticisms, Zubrin became an adviser to Mars One on 10 October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Zubrin_joins_the_Advisory_Board_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zubrin_joins_the_Advisory_Board-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronauts">Astronauts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Astronauts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Canadian former astronaut <a href="/wiki/Julie_Payette" title="Julie Payette">Julie Payette</a> said during the opening speech for an <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> conference that she did not think Mars One "is sending anybody anywhere".<sup id="cite_ref-WashPostMar_79-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPostMar-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2014, German former astronaut <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Walter" title="Ulrich Walter">Ulrich Walter</a> strongly criticized the project for ethical reasons. Speaking with <a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Tagesspiegel</a>, he estimated the probability of reaching Mars alive at only 30%, and that of surviving there more than three months at less than 20%. He said, "They don't care what happens to those people in space... If my tax money were used for such a mission, I would organize a protest."<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Space tourist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Garriott" title="Richard Garriott">Richard Garriott</a> stated in response to Mars One, "Many have interesting viable starting plans. Few raise the money to be able to pull it off."<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former astronaut <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> said in an interview that he wants to see humans on Mars by 2035, but he does not think Mars One will be the first to achieve it.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications">Publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> magazine gave it a plausibility score of 2 out of 10 as part of their 2012 Most Audacious Private Space Exploration Plans.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The project lacked current funding as well as sources for future funding.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization had no spacecraft or rocket in development or any contracts in place with companies that could provide a spacecraft or rocket. While plans point to <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> for both resources, the company had no contracts with Mars One in an industry that typically plans contracts decades in advance.<sup id="cite_ref-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization of Mars</a> – Proposed concepts for human settlements on Mars</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body" title="Effect of spaceflight on the human body">Effect of spaceflight on the human body</a> – Medical issues associated with spaceflight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_threat_from_cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Health threat from cosmic rays">Health threat from cosmic rays</a> – Cancer causing exposure to ionizing radiation in spaceflight<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a> – Spaceflight with a crew or passengers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission to Mars</a> – Proposed concepts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars Foundation</a> – Defunct, proposed a crewed flyby mission</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_transportation_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure">SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure</a> – Proposed human Mars program by SpaceX<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARS-500" title="MARS-500">MARS-500</a> – Psychosocial isolation experiment in spaceflight research</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Mars to Stay</a> – Mars colonization architecture proposing no return vehicles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSpace" class="mw-redirect" title="NewSpace">NewSpace</a> – Spaceflight technology development not paid for by a government agency<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a> – Spaceflight technology development not paid for by a government agency</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_medicine" title="Space medicine">Space medicine</a> – For health conditions encountered during spaceflight</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-about-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mars-one.com/en/about-mars-one/about-mars-one">"About"</a>. Mars One<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars-one.com%2Fen%2Fabout-mars-one%2Fabout-mars-one&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M1-20161207-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M1-20161207_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2016" class="citation news cs1">Staff (7 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190621135053/http://www.mars-one.com/news/press-releases/mars-one-presents-an-updated-mission-roadmap">"Mars One presents an updated mission roadmap - Amersfoort, December 7, 2016"</a>. <i>Mars-one.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mars-one.com/news/press-releases/mars-one-presents-an-updated-mission-roadmap">the original</a> on 21 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mars-one.com&rft.atitle=Mars+One+presents+an+updated+mission+roadmap+-+Amersfoort%2C+December+7%2C+2016&rft.date=2016-12-07&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Fmars-one-presents-an-updated-mission-roadmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNnamdi" class="citation web cs1">Nnamdi, Kojo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thekojonnamdishow.org/shows/2015-02-25/one-way-mission-to-mars">"One-way Mission to Mars"</a>. NPR: Science<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One-way+Mission+to+Mars&rft.pub=NPR%3A+Science&rft.aulast=Nnamdi&rft.aufirst=Kojo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthekojonnamdishow.org%2Fshows%2F2015-02-25%2Fone-way-mission-to-mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Wehner2019" class="citation news cs1">Mike Wehner (11 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgr.com/2019/02/11/mars-one-mission-bankrupt-cancelled/">"The worst Mars mission ever conceived is now dead"</a>. <i>BGR</i>. <q>Mars One – which is broken into a confusing mishmash of a non-profit foundation and a for-profit company – gathered tens of millions of dollars from investors who saw promise in the company's goal of creating a permanent Mars settlement. Needless to say, things didn't work out.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BGR&rft.atitle=The+worst+Mars+mission+ever+conceived+is+now+dead&rft.date=2019-02-11&rft.au=Mike+Wehner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbgr.com%2F2019%2F02%2F11%2Fmars-one-mission-bankrupt-cancelled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TechMars-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TechMars_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TechMars_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mars-one.com/technology">Mars One - Technology</a>. Mars One.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/science/mars-one-plans-suicide-mission-to-red-planet-for-2023">Mars One plans suicide mission to Red Planet for 2023.</a> 24 June 2012. <i>Fox News</i>. 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CNN. 19 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+100+Candidates+for+a+One+Way+Trip+to+Mars&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2015%2F02%2F18%2Ferin-dnt-carroll-mars-one-100-candidates.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mars-one.com/news/press-releases/lockheed-martin-and-sstl-selected-for-mars-ones-first-unmanned-mission-to-m">"Lockheed Martin and SSTL selected for Mars One's first Unmanned Mission to Mars - Press Releases - News - Mars One"</a>. <i>Mars One</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mars+One&rft.atitle=Lockheed+Martin+and+SSTL+selected+for+Mars+One%27s+first+Unmanned+Mission+to+Mars+-+Press+Releases+-+News+-+Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fnews%2Fpress-releases%2Flockheed-martin-and-sstl-selected-for-mars-ones-first-unmanned-mission-to-m&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dj20120601-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dj20120601_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Sewell2012" class="citation web cs1">Anne Sewell (1 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/325858">"Mars One: Human settlement on Mars in 2023"</a>. <i>Digital Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Journal&rft.atitle=Mars+One%3A+Human+settlement+on+Mars+in+2023&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.au=Anne+Sewell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitaljournal.com%2Farticle%2F325858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/28877-mars-one-colony-launch-delay.html">"Mars One Colony Project Delays Manned Red Planet Mission to 2026"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a></i>. 20 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Mars+One+Colony+Project+Delays+Manned+Red+Planet+Mission+to+2026&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F28877-mars-one-colony-launch-delay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planned_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11228040/Is-the-Mars-One-mission-just-a-scam.html">"Will the Mars One reality TV mission ever take off?"</a>. No. The Telegraph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Will+the+Mars+One+reality+TV+mission+ever+take+off%3F&rft.issue=The+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2F11228040%2FIs-the-Mars-One-mission-just-a-scam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172246/https://www.mars-one.com/about-mars-one/team">"Team - About Mars One"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mars-one.com/about-mars-one/team">the original</a> on 13 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Team+-+About+Mars+One&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fabout-mars-one%2Fteam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mars-one.com/about-mars-one/advisers">"Advisers - About Mars One"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Advisers+-+About+Mars+One&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fabout-mars-one%2Fadvisers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mars1tech-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mars1tech_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mars1tech_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mars-one.com/en/mission/technology">"Technology"</a>. Mars One<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technology&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars-one.com%2Fen%2Fmission%2Ftechnology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kwai20120603-2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kwai20120603-2_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2012" class="citation web cs1">Staff (3 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kurzweilai.net/mars-one-plans-to-establish-human-settlement-on-mars-in-2023">"Mars One plans to establish human settlement on Mars in 2023"</a>. <i>Kurzweil</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kurzweil&rft.atitle=Mars+One+plans+to+establish+human+settlement+on+Mars+in+2023&rft.date=2012-06-03&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurzweilai.net%2Fmars-one-plans-to-establish-human-settlement-on-mars-in-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mars-one.com/en/about-mars-one/suppliers">"About the suppliers"</a>. Mars One<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+suppliers&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars-one.com%2Fen%2Fabout-mars-one%2Fsuppliers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tss20140321-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tss20140321_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Gwynne Shotwell (21 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013556/http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3"><i>Broadcast 2212: Special Edition, interview with Gwynne Shotwell</i></a> (audio file). The Space Show. Event occurs at 11:20–12:10. 2212. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(mp3)</span> on 22 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>. <q>Mark: 10:15 min into the interview</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Broadcast+2212%3A+Special+Edition%2C+interview+with+Gwynne+Shotwell&rft.pub=The+Space+Show&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchived.thespaceshow.com%2Fshows%2F2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/11228040/Is-the-Mars-One-mission-just-a-scam.html">"Will the Mars One reality TV mission ever take off?"</a>. <i>telegraph.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Will+the+Mars+One+reality+TV+mission+ever+take+off%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Ftvandradio%2F11228040%2FIs-the-Mars-One-mission-just-a-scam.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322013556/http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3">"Broadcast 2266 (Special Edition)"</a>. <i>The Space Show</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archived.thespaceshow.com/shows/2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3">the original</a> on 22 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Space+Show&rft.atitle=Broadcast+2266+%28Special+Edition%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchived.thespaceshow.com%2Fshows%2F2212-BWB-2014-03-21.mp3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010231613/https://www.mars-one.com/mission/roadmap">"Road Map - Mars One"</a>. <i>mars-one.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mars-one.com/mission/roadmap">the original</a> on 10 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=mars-one.com&rft.atitle=Road+Map+-+Mars+One&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fmission%2Froadmap&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mars-one-trip-wont-work-2015-2">The Mars One plan is totally delusional</a>. Kelly Dickerson, <i>Business insider</i>. 3 March 2015. Qiote: "Mars One doesn't own any of its own space travel technology and has no existing contracts with companies that do."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTV-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MTV_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mars-one.com/en/mars-transit-vehicle">"Mars Transit Vehicle"</a>. Mars One<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mars+Transit+Vehicle&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars-one.com%2Fen%2Fmars-transit-vehicle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suppliers-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suppliers_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suppliers_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140406120512/http://www.mars-one.com/partners/suppliers">"Suppliers"</a>. Mars One. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mars-one.com/partners/suppliers">the original</a> on 6 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suppliers&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fpartners%2Fsuppliers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mars-one.com/en/11-news/516-countdown">"Lockheed Martin and SSTL selected for Mars One's first unmanned mission to Mars"</a>. Mars One<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lockheed+Martin+and+SSTL+selected+for+Mars+One%27s+first+unmanned+mission+to+Mars&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mars-one.com%2Fen%2F11-news%2F516-countdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ViaSatellite-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ViaSatellite_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ViaSatellite_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ViaSatellite_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2014" class="citation web cs1">Henry, Caleb (7 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satellitetoday.com/telecom/2014/01/07/mars-one-plans-two-possibly-three-communications-satellites-for-the-red-planet/">"Mars One Plans Two, Possibly Three Communications Satellites for the Red Planet"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Satellite (page does not exist)">Via Satellite</a></i>. Access Intelligence Satellite Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Via+Satellite&rft.atitle=Mars+One+Plans+Two%2C+Possibly+Three+Communications+Satellites+for+the+Red+Planet&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satellitetoday.com%2Ftelecom%2F2014%2F01%2F07%2Fmars-one-plans-two-possibly-three-communications-satellites-for-the-red-planet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planne_===Rover===_The_[[crewed_Mars_rover]]_was_to_have_been_unpressurized_and_claimed_to_be_designed_to_be_capable_of_supporting_travel_distances_of_80_km_(50_miles).<ref_name=-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SpaceX_has_no_Mars_One_launches_planne_===Rover===_The_[[crewed_Mars_rover]]_was_to_have_been_unpressurized_and_claimed_to_be_designed_to_be_capable_of_supporting_travel_distances_of_80_km_(50_miles).<ref_name=_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530074007/http://mars-one.com/mission/is-this-really-possible">"Is this really possible?"</a>. Mars One. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mars-one.com/mission/is-this-really-possible">the original</a> on 30 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+this+really+possible%3F&rft.pub=Mars+One&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmars-one.com%2Fmission%2Fis-this-really-possible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140115122610/http://www.mars-one.com/partners/suppliers/ilc-dover">"ILC Dover"</a>. <i>Mars One</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mars-one.com/partners/suppliers/ilc-dover">the original</a> on 15 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dallas, Texas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781940363837" title="Special:BookSources/9781940363837"><bdi>9781940363837</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/925426569">925426569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mars+One%2C+humanity%27s+next+great+adventure+%3A+inside+the+first+human+settlement+on+Mars&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F925426569&rft.isbn=9781940363837&rft.au=Kraft%2C+Norbert&rft.au=Kass%2C+James+R.&rft.au=Kass%2C+Raye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mars-one.com/en/donate">"Donate"</a>. <i>Mars One</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline+Hollywood&rft.atitle=Endemol+To+Produce+Reality+Series+On+Mars+One%27s+Mission+To+Colonize+The+Red+Planet&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft.au=Nancy+Tartaglione&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2014%2F06%2Fone-way-mission-to-mars-reality-series-to-be-produced-by-endemols-dsp-738856%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Foust, Jeff (24 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/mars-one-loses-television-deal/">"Mars One Loses Television Deal"</a>. <i>SpaceNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+Year%27s+Most+Audacious+Private+Space+Exploration+Plans&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fwiredscience%2F2012%2F12%2Faudacious-space-companies-2012%2F%3Fpid%3D5747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoren_Grush2016" class="citation web cs1">Loren Grush (7 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/7/13869856/mars-one-revised-mission-timeline-again-launch-plan-2031">"Mars One just delayed its (highly unlikely) Mars mission — again"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Mars+One+just+delayed+its+%28highly+unlikely%29+Mars+mission+%E2%80%94+again&rft.date=2016-12-07&rft.au=Loren+Grush&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2016%2F12%2F7%2F13869856%2Fmars-one-revised-mission-timeline-again-launch-plan-2031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_One&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSydney_DoKoki_HoSamuel_SchreinerAndrew_Owens2014" class="citation cs2">Sydney Do; Koki Ho; Samuel Schreiner; Andrew Owens; Olivier de Weck (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630193725/http://web.mit.edu/sydneydo/Public/Mars%20One%20Feasibility%20Analysis%20IAC14.pdf">"An Independent Assessment of the Technical Feasibility of the Mars One Mission Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>65th International Astronautical Congress</i>, IAC-14-A5.2.7, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/sydneydo/Public/Mars%20One%20Feasibility%20Analysis%20IAC14.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=65th+International+Astronautical+Congress&rft.atitle=An+Independent+Assessment+of+the+Technical+Feasibility+of+the+Mars+One+Mission+Plan&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Sydney+Do&rft.au=Koki+Ho&rft.au=Samuel+Schreiner&rft.au=Andrew+Owens&rft.au=Olivier+de+Weck&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fsydneydo%2FPublic%2FMars%2520One%2520Feasibility%2520Analysis%2520IAC14.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Book: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraft2016" class="citation book cs1">Kraft, Norbert (23 February 2016). <i>Mars One: Humanity's Next Great Adventure: Inside the First Human Settlement on Mars</i>. BenBella Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1940363837" title="Special:BookSources/978-1940363837"><bdi>978-1940363837</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mars+One%3A+Humanity%27s+Next+Great+Adventure%3A+Inside+the+First+Human+Settlement+on+Mars&rft.pub=BenBella+Books&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft.isbn=978-1940363837&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMars+One" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Human_missions_to_Mars" title="Template:Human missions to Mars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_missions_to_Mars" title="Template talk:Human missions to Mars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_missions_to_Mars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human missions to Mars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_mission_to_Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_Mars_mission_plans" title="List of crewed Mars mission plans">List of crewed Mars mission plans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">21st-century<br />proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Base_Camp" title="Mars Base Camp">Mars Base Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_program" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars program">SpaceX Mars program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austere_Human_Missions_to_Mars" title="Austere Human Missions to Mars">Austere Human Missions to Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Piloted_Orbital_Station" title="Mars Piloted Orbital Station">Mars Piloted Orbital Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Mars to Stay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_programme" title="Aurora programme">Aurora programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program#Orion_Mars_mission" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mars One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mars_mission.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mars_mission.jpg/155px-Mars_mission.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mars_mission.jpg/233px-Mars_mission.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mars_mission.jpg/310px-Mars_mission.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1393" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">20th-century<br />proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Piloted_Complex" title="Martian Piloted Complex">Martian Piloted Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_project" title="Aelita project">Aelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Direct" title="Mars Direct">Mars Direct</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Design_Reference_Mission" title="Mars Design Reference Mission">Mars Design Reference Mission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Design_Reference_Mission_3.0" title="NASA Design Reference Mission 3.0">3.0</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mars_analog_habitat" title="Mars analog habitat">Mars analogs</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_analogs" title="List of Mars analogs">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARS-500" title="MARS-500">MARS-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Analogue_Research_Station_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Analogue Research Station Program">Mars Analogue Research Station Program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flashline_Mars_Arctic_Research_Station" title="Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station">FMARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Desert_Research_Station" title="Mars Desert Research Station">MDRS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Mars_Analog_Svalbard_Expedition" title="Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition">Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Station" title="Concordia Station">Concordia Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HI-SEAS" title="HI-SEAS">HI-SEAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEEMO" title="NEEMO">NEEMO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Mars_Project" title="Caves of Mars Project">Caves of Mars Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Hardware<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_habitat" title="Mars habitat">Mars habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crewed_Mars_rover" title="Crewed Mars rover">Crewed Mars rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_suit" title="Mars suit">Mars suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Excursion_Module" title="Mars Excursion Module">Mars Excursion Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Mars lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Mars rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Miscellany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction" title="Mars in fiction">Fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_on_Mars" title="List of films set on Mars">films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction#Novels_and_short_stories" title="Mars in fiction">novels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_cycler" title="Mars cycler">Mars cycler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_orbit_rendezvous" title="Mars orbit rendezvous">Mars orbit rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming of Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_atmospheric_entry" title="Mars atmospheric entry">Mars atmospheric entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Mars flyby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mars_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mars_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mars spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_Mars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_Mars" title="List of missions to Mars">List of missions to Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">List of Mars orbiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_Mars" title="List of artificial objects on Mars">List of artificial objects on Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2023, flyby in 2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i><sup>‡</sup> (2024, flyby in 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Timeline of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Mars_Mission" title="Emirates Mars Mission"><i>Hope</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1#Orbiter" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> orbiter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/100px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/150px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg/200px-2001_mars_odyssey_wizja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5824" data-file-height="4737" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix_landing_(PIA09943_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Phoenix_landing_%28PIA09943_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <br /> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MSL_Artist_Concept_(PIA14164_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/100px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/150px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg/200px-MSL_Artist_Concept_%28PIA14164_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1" title="Mars 1">Mars 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_4" title="Mariner 4">Mariner 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_2" title="Zond 2">Zond 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6_and_7" title="Mariner 6 and 7">Mariner 6 and 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></i><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4" title="Mars 4">Mars 4</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5" title="Mars 5">Mars 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking program</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_program" title="Phobos program">Phobos program</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_1" title="Phobos 1">Phobos 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_2" title="Phobos 2">Phobos 2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></i><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission"><i>Mangalyaan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_landers" title="List of Mars landers">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_6" title="Mars 6">Mars 6</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_7" title="Mars 7">Mars 7</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1"><i>Viking 1</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2"><i>Viking 2</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder"><i>Mars Pathfinder</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a><sup>†</sup> / <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">ExoMars <i>Schiaparelli</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight"><i>InSight</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-1" title="Tianwen-1"><i>Tianwen-1</i> lander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PrOP-M" title="PrOP-M">PrOP-M</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Spirit" title="Timeline of Spirit">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhurong_(rover)" title="Zhurong (rover)"><i>Zhurong</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px"><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Failedlaunches" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Failed<br />launches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.1" title="Mars 1M No.1">Mars 1M No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_1M_No.2" title="Mars 1M No.2">1M No.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-4_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-4 No.1">2MV-4 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2MV-3_No.1" title="Mars 2MV-3 No.1">2MV-3 No.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_3" title="Mariner 3">Mariner 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">Mars 2M No.521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Mars 3MS No.170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yinghuo-1" title="Yinghuo-1">Yinghuo-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EscaPADE" title="EscaPADE">EscaPADE</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tera-hertz_Explorer" title="Tera-hertz Explorer">Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)</a> (mid 2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_eXploration" title="Martian Moons eXploration">Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2"><i>Mangalyaan-2</i></a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-3" title="Tianwen-3">Tianwen-3</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)">Rosalind Franklin</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a><sup>‡</sup> (2028, flyby in 2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA-ESA_Mars_Sample_Return" title="NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return">NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Recovery_Helicopter" title="Mars Sample Recovery Helicopter">Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kazachok" title="Kazachok">Kazachok</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Aerial_and_Ground_Global_Intelligent_Explorer" title="Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer">MAGGIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_program" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars program">SpaceX Mars program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Grunt" title="Mars-Grunt">Mars-Grunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cancelledor_not_developed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px;background: #ddddff;">Cancelled<br />or not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Regional-scale_Environmental_Survey" title="Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey">Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_3" title="Beagle 3">Beagle 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_Oxidant_and_Life_Detection" title="Biological Oxidant and Life Detection">Biological Oxidant and Life Detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_and_Phobos_Interior_Explorer" title="Deimos and Phobos Interior Explorer">DePhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsokhod" title="Marsokhod">Marsokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_4NM" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars 4NM">Mars 4NM & 5NM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_5M" title="Mars 5M">Mars 5M (Mars-79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars-Aster" title="Mars-Aster">Mars-Aster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Ice_Mapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Exploration Ice Mapper">Mars Exploration Ice Mapper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mars One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Micro_Orbiter" title="Mars Micro Orbiter">Mars Micro Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_2001" title="Mars Surveyor 2001">Mars Surveyor Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Telecommunications_Orbiter" title="Mars Telecommunications Orbiter">Mars Telecommunications Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MELOS" title="MELOS">MELOS rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_MetNet" title="Mars MetNet">MetNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetLander" title="NetLander">NetLander</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_(spacecraft)" title="Northern Light (spacecraft)">Northern Light</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Mars_Orbiter" title="Next Mars Orbiter">Next Mars Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sample_Collection_for_Investigation_of_Mars" title="Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars">Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky-Sailor" title="Sky-Sailor">Sky-Sailor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Red_Dragon" title="SpaceX Red Dragon">SpaceX Red Dragon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program_(Mars)" title="Voyager program (Mars)">Voyager Mars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_flyby" title="Mars flyby">Flyby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars_orbiters" title="List of Mars orbiters">Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_landing" title="Mars landing">Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_atmospheric_entry" title="Mars atmospheric entry">Atmospheric entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_aircraft" title="Mars aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample-return_mission" title="Mars sample-return mission">Sample return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">Human mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_to_Stay" title="Mars to Stay">Permanent settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_Mars" title="Colonization of Mars">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars" title="Terraforming of Mars">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Strategies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Scout_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Scout Program">Mars Scout Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Joint_Initiative" title="Mars Exploration Joint Initiative">Mars Exploration Joint Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Next_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Next Generation">Mars Next Generation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:65px">Advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mars_Project" title="The Mars Project">The Mars Project</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_for_Mars" title="The Case for Mars">The Case for Mars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspiration_Mars_Foundation" title="Inspiration Mars Foundation">Inspiration Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Institute" title="Mars Institute">Mars Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_race" title="Mars race">Mars race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. <sup>‡</sup> indicates use of the planet as a <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assist</a> en route to another destination.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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