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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soczewka Fresnela</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 48 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-Linse" title="Fresnel-Linse – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Fresnel-Linse" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%84" title="عدسة فرينل – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدسة فرينل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Френель линзаһы – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Френель линзаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0" title="Френелова леща – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френелова леща" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lent_de_Fresnel" title="Lent de Fresnel – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lent de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_%C4%8Do%C4%8Dka" title="Fresnelova čočka – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fresnelova čočka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnellinse" title="Fresnellinse – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fresnellinse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-Linse" title="Fresnel-Linse – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fresnel-Linse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresneli_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ts" title="Fresneli lääts – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fresneli lääts" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Fresnel lens" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-lenso" title="Fresnel-lenso – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fresnel-lenso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_leiar" title="Fresnel leiar – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fresnel leiar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%84" title="عدسی فرسنل – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عدسی فرسنل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentille_de_Fresnel" title="Lentille de Fresnel – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lentille de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EB%84%AC_%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88" title="프레넬 렌즈 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프레넬 렌즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="फ्रेसनेल ताल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रेसनेल ताल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_zrcala" title="Fresnelova zrcala – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fresnelova zrcala" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensa_Fresnel" title="Lensa Fresnel – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lensa Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_di_Fresnel" title="Lente di Fresnel – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lente di Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="עדשת פרנל – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדשת פרנל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Френель линзасы – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Френель линзасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B0" title="Френелова леќа – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Френелова леќа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta_Fresnel" title="Kanta Fresnel – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanta Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7" title="Френелийн линз – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Френелийн линз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnellens" title="Fresnellens – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fresnellens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="フレネルレンズ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フレネルレンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-Lins" title="Fresnel-Lins – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fresnel-Lins" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-linse" title="Fresnel-linse – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fresnel-linse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_linzalari" title="Fresnel linzalari – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fresnel linzalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_de_Fresnel" title="Lente de Fresnel – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lente de Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Линза Френеля – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линза Френеля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fresnel lens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_%C5%A1o%C5%A1ovka" title="Fresnelova šošovka – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fresnelova šošovka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnelova_le%C4%8Da" title="Fresnelova leča – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fresnelova leča" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фреснелова сочива – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фреснелова сочива" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-linssi" title="Fresnel-linssi – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fresnel-linssi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel-lins" title="Fresnel-lins – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fresnel-lins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="பிரெனெல் வில்லை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெனெல் வில்லை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5" title="เลนส์แฟรแนล – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลนส์แฟรแนล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fresnel lens" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Лінза Френеля – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінза Френеля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A5u_k%C3%ADnh_Fresnel" title="Thấu kính Fresnel – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thấu kính Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lente_Fresnel" title="Lente Fresnel – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lente Fresnel" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E7%88%BE%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="菲涅爾透鏡 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菲涅爾透鏡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="菲涅耳透鏡 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="菲涅耳透鏡" 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Jako pozbawione źródeł mogą zostać zakwestionowane i usunięte.</small><br /><small><i>Sprawdź w źródłach:</i> <span class="plainlinks"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/szukaj/Soczewka+Fresnela.html">Encyklopedia PWN</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22">Google Books</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22">Google Scholar</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/search#fq={!tag=dcterms_accessRights}dcterms_accessRights%3A%22Dost%C4%99p%20otwarty%22&q=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22">Federacja Bibliotek Cyfrowych</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/artykul/lista/?generalQuery=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22">BazHum</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/search/page.action?qt=SEARCH&q=c_0language_0eq.all*sc.article*c_0keywords_0eq.Soczewka+Fresnela*l_0*c_0fulltext_0eq.all">BazTech</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/results?q=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22&action=SimpleSearchAction&type=-6&p=0">RCIN</a> • Internet Archive (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/texts?query=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22">texts</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inlibrary?query=%22Soczewka+Fresnela%22">inlibrary</a>)</span></small><br /><span style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size:80%"> Po wyeliminowaniu niedoskonałości należy usunąć szablon <a href="/wiki/Szablon:Dopracowa%C4%87" title="Szablon:Dopracować">{{Dopracować}}</a> z tego artykułu.</span></div></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Soczewka_fresnela_t.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Soczewka_fresnela_t.jpg/220px-Soczewka_fresnela_t.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Soczewka_fresnela_t.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Stary reflektor z soczewką <a href="/wiki/Latarnia_morska" title="Latarnia morska">latarni morskiej</a> <a href="/wiki/Latarnia_Morska_Rozewie" title="Latarnia Morska Rozewie">Rozewie</a>, pozostawiony na swoim miejscu w nowej, walcowej części tej latarni.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Soczewka Fresnela</b>, <b>soczewka schodkowa</b>, <b>soczewka pierścieniowa</b> – skonstruowana w 1822 r. przez <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Jean_Fresnel" title="Augustin Jean Fresnel">Augustina-Jeana Fresnela</a> <a href="/wiki/Soczewka" title="Soczewka">soczewka</a> składająca się z koncentrycznych pierścieni będących pocienionymi fragmentami soczewki. Często zbudowana jest z dwóch warstw – rozpraszającego <a href="/wiki/Kolimator" title="Kolimator">kolimatora</a> i skupiającego <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolektor_(optyka)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolektor (optyka) (strona nie istnieje)">kolektora</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Fresnel_lens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/220px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/330px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fresnel_lens.svg/440px-Fresnel_lens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Porównanie przekrojów soczewek: Fresnela (1) i tradycyjnej (2) o takich samych ogniskowych</figcaption></figure> <p>Stosowana jest w <a href="/wiki/Reflektor" title="Reflektor">reflektorach</a> (także samochodowych) i <a href="/wiki/Latarnia_morska" title="Latarnia morska">latarniach morskich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grafoskop" title="Grafoskop">rzutnikach pism</a> oraz w <a href="/wiki/Semafor_(kolejnictwo)" title="Semafor (kolejnictwo)">sygnalizatorach kolejowych</a>. Naklejane także na boczną szybę po przeciwnej stronie kierowcy, soczewki Fresnela stosuje się dla wykluczenia „martwego pola” w samochodach ciężarowych. W dużych reflektorach czasem zewnętrzne pierścienie wykonuje się jako pierścienie odbijające. </p><p>Istotną zaletą soczewki Fresnela jest jej mniejsza grubość (a zatem i masa) niż soczewki tradycyjnej, co ma szczególne znaczenie w przypadku soczewek o dużych średnicach. Wadą soczewek Fresnela są zniekształcenia biegu promieni świetlnych powstające na krawędziach pierścienia. Wada ta jednak jest zupełnie nieistotna przy zastosowaniu tych soczewek w różnego rodzaju reflektorach. </p><p>Fresnel przyznał pierwszeństwo wynalazku <a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc">Georges’owi Buffonowi</a>, który opisał ją w swojej <i>Historii naturalnej</i> wydanej w latach 1749–1788. Pomysł taki podał także <a href="/wiki/David_Brewster" title="David Brewster">David Brewster</a> w 1811 roku. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="infobox noprint plainlinks" cellpadding="4" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; width:30px;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> </td> <td style="line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; flex:unset;"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fresnel_lenses?uselang=pl"><strong>Zobacz multimedia</strong> związane z tematem: <em>Soczewka Fresnela</em></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">optic</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph1098515">ph1098515</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553003705171">987007553003705171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/Fresnel-lens">technology/Fresnel-lens</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/lentilles-de-fresnel/">lentilles-de-fresnel</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/4723542">4723542</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=fresnellinse">fresnellinse</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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