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abrasion</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: tooth-brush abrasion"> <meta name="keywords" content="tooth-brush abrasion"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="tooth-brush abrasion"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 112</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: tooth-brush abrasion</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Development of a Force-Sensing Toothbrush for Gum Recession Measurement Using Programmable Automation Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sorayya%20Kazemi">Sorayya Kazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamed%20Kharrati"> Hamed Kharrati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Abedinpour%20Fallah"> Mehdi Abedinpour Fallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel electric pressure-sensitive toothbrush, capable of measuring the forces applied to the head of the brush. The developed device is used for gum recession measurement. In particular, the percentage of gum recession is measured by a Programmable Automation controller (PAC). Moreover, the brushing forces are measured by a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) sensor. These forces are analog inputs of PAC. According to the applied forces during patient’s brushing and the patient’s percentage of gum recession, dentist sets the standard force range. The instrument alarms when the patient applies a force over the set range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gum%20recession" title="gum recession">gum recession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=force%20sensing%20resistor" title=" force sensing resistor"> force sensing resistor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toothbrush" title=" toothbrush"> toothbrush</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30211/development-of-a-force-sensing-toothbrush-for-gum-recession-measurement-using-programmable-automation-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Effect of Three Desensitizers on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion and Bond Strength of Dentin Adhesives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zou%20Xuan">Zou Xuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Hongchen"> Liu Hongchen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ideal dentin desensitizing agent should not only have good biological safety, simple clinical operation mode, the superior treatment effect, but also should have a durable effect to resist the oral environmental temperature change and oral mechanical abrasion, so as to achieve a persistent desensitization effect. Also, when using desensitizing agent to prevent the post-operative hypersensitivity, we should not only prevent it from affecting crowns’ retention, but must understand its effects on bond strength of dentin adhesives. There are various of desensitizers and dentin adhesives in clinical treatment. They have different chemical or physical properties. Whether the use of desensitizing agent would affect the bond strength of dentin adhesives still need further research. In this in vitro study, we built the hypersensitive dentin model and post-operative dentin model, to evaluate the sealing effects and durability on exposed tubule by three different dentin desensitizers and to evaluate the sealing effects and the bond strength of dentin adhesives after using three different dentin desensitizers on post-operative dentin. The result of this study could provide some important references for clinical use of dentin desensitizing agent. 1. As to the three desensitizers, the hypersensitive dentin model was built to evaluate their sealing effects on exposed tubule by SEM observation and dentin permeability analysis. All of them could significantly reduce the dentin permeability. 2. Test specimens of three groups treated by desensitizers were subjected to aging treatment with 5000 times thermal cycling and toothbrush abrasion, and then dentin permeability was measured to evaluate the sealing durability of these three desensitizers on exposed tubule. The sealing durability of three groups were different. 3. The post-operative dentin model was built to evaluate the sealing effects of the three desensitizers on post-operative dentin by SEM and methylene blue. All of three desensitizers could reduce the dentin permeability significantly. 4. The influences of three desensitizers on the bonding efficiency of total-etch and self-etch adhesives were evaluated with the micro-tensile bond strength study and bond interface morphology observation. The dentin bond strength for Green or group was significantly lower than the other two groups (P<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentin" title="dentin">dentin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desensitizer" title=" desensitizer"> desensitizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentin%20permeability" title=" dentin permeability"> dentin permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20cycling" title=" thermal cycling"> thermal cycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-tensile%20bond%20strength" title=" micro-tensile bond strength"> micro-tensile bond strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22953/effect-of-three-desensitizers-on-dentinal-tubule-occlusion-and-bond-strength-of-dentin-adhesives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> The Quantitative Analysis of the Influence of the Superficial Abrasion on the Lifetime of the Frog Rail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Jiang">Dong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turnout is the essential equipment on the railway, which also belongs to one of the strongest demanded infrastructural facilities of railway on account of the more seriously frog rail failures. In cooperation with Germany Company (DB Systemtechnik AG), our research team focuses on the quantitative analysis about the frog rails to predict their lifetimes. Moreover, the suggestions for the timely and effective maintenances are made to improve the economy of the frog rails. The lifetime of the frog rail depends strongly on the internal damage of the running surface until the breakages occur. On the basis of Hertzian theory of the contact mechanics, the dynamic loads of the running surface are calculated in form of the contact pressures on the running surface and the equivalent tensile stress inside the running surface. According to material mechanics, the strength of the frog rail is determined quantitatively in form of the Stress-cycle (S-N) curve. Under the interaction between the dynamic loads and the strength, the internal damage of the running surface is calculated by means of the linear damage hypothesis of the Miner’s rule. The emergence of the first Breakage on the running surface is to be defined as the failure criterion that the damage degree equals 1.0. From the microscopic perspective, the running surface of the frog rail is divided into numerous segments for the detailed analysis. The internal damage of the segment grows slowly in the beginning and disproportionately quickly in the end until the emergence of the breakage. From the macroscopic perspective, the internal damage of the running surface develops simply always linear along the lifetime. With this linear growth of the internal damages, the lifetime of the frog rail could be predicted simply through the immediate introduction of the slope of the linearity. However, the superficial abrasion plays an essential role in the results of the internal damages from the both perspectives. The influences of the superficial abrasion on the lifetime are described in form of the abrasion rate. It has two contradictory effects. On the one hand, the insufficient abrasion rate causes the concentration of the damage accumulation on the same position below the running surface to accelerate the rail failure. On the other hand, the excessive abrasion rate advances the disappearance of the head hardened surface of the frog rail to result in the untimely breakage on the surface. Thus, the relationship between the abrasion rate and the lifetime is subdivided into an initial phase of the increased lifetime and a subsequent phase of the more rapid decreasing lifetime with the continuous growth of the abrasion rate. Through the compensation of these two effects, the critical abrasion rate is discussed to reach the optimal lifetime. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakage" title="breakage">breakage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20abrasion%20rate" title=" critical abrasion rate"> critical abrasion rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frog%20rail" title=" frog rail"> frog rail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20damage" title=" internal damage"> internal damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20lifetime" title=" optimal lifetime"> optimal lifetime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91409/the-quantitative-analysis-of-the-influence-of-the-superficial-abrasion-on-the-lifetime-of-the-frog-rail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Chemical Durability of Textured Glass-coat Suitable for Building Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adejo%20Andrew%20Ojonugwa">Adejo Andrew Ojonugwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jomboh%20Jeff%20Kator"> Jomboh Jeff Kator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Garkida%20Adele%20Dzikwi"> Garkida Adele Dzikwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the behaviour of textured glass coat to chemical reactions upon application. Samples of textured glass coat developed from mixed post consumer glass were subjected to pH test (ASTM D5464), Chemical resistance test (ASTM D3260 and D1308), Adhesion test (ASTM D3359), and Abrasion test (ASTM D4060). Results shows a pH of 8.50, Chemical resistance of 5% flick rate when reacted with Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15% discolouration when reacted with Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), Hydrogen fluoride (HF), Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and NaOH respectively, an adhesion of 4A and abrasion of 0.2g. The results confirm that the developed textured glass coat is in line with the standard pH range of 8-9, resistant to acid and base except for HF, NaOH, and Mg(OH)₂, good adhesion and abrasion properties, thereby making the coat resistant to chemical degradation and a good engineering material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20durability" title="chemical durability">chemical durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass-coat" title=" glass-coat"> glass-coat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157990/chemical-durability-of-textured-glass-coat-suitable-for-building-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Manufacturing Process of Rubber Cement Composite Paver Block</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnadip%20Natwarbhai%20Bhoi">Ratnadip Natwarbhai Bhoi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research paper is to study waste tire crumb rubber granules as a partial concrete replacement by the different percentages of facing layer thickness and without facing layer in the production of rubber cement composite paver block. The physical properties of RCCRP compressive strength, flexural strength, abrasion strength density, and water absorption testing by the IS 15658:2006 method. All these physical properties depend upon the ratio of crumb rubber uses. The result showed that the with facing layer at 15 mm, 25 mm, totally rubberized and without facing layer had little effect on compressive strength, flexural strength and abrasion resistance properties. Water absorption is also important for the service life of the product. The crumb rubber paver block also performed quite well in both compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The rubber cement composite rubber paver block is suitable for nonstructural purposes, such as being lightweight and easy installation for the walkway, sidewalks, and playing area applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20cement" title="rubber cement">rubber cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crumb%20rubber" title=" crumb rubber"> crumb rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159551/manufacturing-process-of-rubber-cement-composite-paver-block" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159551.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> Plaque Removal Efficacy of Different Dental Care Products during Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Karakoc">Zeynep Karakoc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Ilhan%20Mutaf"> Hasan Ilhan Mutaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plaque removal efficacy of different dental brushes and mouth wash during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy was evaluated in this single-blind, crossover and prospective study. Thirty orthodontic patients aged 18 and over undergoing fixed appliance therapy at the end of leveling stage were divided into three groups. Subjects brushed their teeth with a toothbrush under standardized conditions for a period of 30 days prior to inter-dental care products. The same procedure was repeated each time with a different, randomly assigned inter-dental care products in a crossover design. (Inter-dental brush, powered inter-dental brush and mouth wash). At start and end of each removal period, plaque indexes of participants were scored. Each brush achieved statistically significant plaque removal; however, there were no statistical differences among groups for all surfaces of teeth when the plaque score was evaluated. The mouth wash group presented significant improvement in reduction of visible plaque on mesial and distal surfaces of posterior teeth. (-60.9 %, P< .001) Plaque removal for right and left side of mouth showed no significant differences within groups, only mouth wash was more efficient in right side than left side. It is concluded that effectiveness of plaque removal may not be related to the kind of inter-dental products directly. However, toothbrush when used with inter-dental care products is significantly better at removing plaque deposits from fixed appliance patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title="orthodontics">orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20care" title=" dental care"> dental care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brush" title=" brush"> brush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plaque" title=" plaque"> plaque</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66581/plaque-removal-efficacy-of-different-dental-care-products-during-fixed-orthodontic-appliance-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Filler Elastomers Abrasion at Steady State: Optimal Use Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djeridi%20Rachid">Djeridi Rachid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ould%20Ouali%20Mohand"> Ould Ouali Mohand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The search of a mechanism for the elastomer abrasive wear study is an open issue. The practice difficulties are complex due to the complexity of deformation mechanism, to the complex mechanism of the material tearing and to the marked interactions between the tribological parameters. In this work, we present an experimental technique to study the elastomers abrasive wear. The interaction 'elastomer/indenter' implicate dependant ant temporary of different tribological parameters. Consequently, the phenomenon that governs this interaction is not easy to explain. An optimal elastomers compounding and an adequate utilization conditions of these materials that define its resistance at the abrasion is discussed. The results are confronted to theoretical models: the weight loss variation in function of blade angle or in function of cycle number is in agreement with rupture models and with the mechanism of fissures propagation during the material tearing in abrasive wear of filler elastomers. The weight loss in function of the sliding velocity shows the existence of a critical velocity that corresponds to the maximal wear. The adding of silica or black carbon influences in a different manner on wear abrasive behavior of filler elastomers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion%20wear" title="abrasion wear">abrasion wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filler%20elastomer" title=" filler elastomer"> filler elastomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribology" title=" tribology"> tribology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperelastic" title=" hyperelastic"> hyperelastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25969/filler-elastomers-abrasion-at-steady-state-optimal-use-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Preparation and Properties of NR Based Ebonite Rubber Suitable for Use as Engineering Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dosu%20Malomo">Dosu Malomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20E.%20Edeh"> O. E. Edeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20O.%20Okolo"> P. O. Okolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20C.%20Ibeh"> F. C. Ibeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The preparation of various samples of ebonite vulcanizates and their physico-mechanical properties have been investigated using standard methods. This work explores the production of ebonite dust, production of ebonite vulcanizates and investigation of the characterisation of the ebonite. Five different ebonite materials – labelled A, B, C, D, and E with sulphur content in parts per hundred grams of rubber (Phr) of 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 respectively were produced. The physico-mechanical properties carried out were tensile strength, hardness and abrasion resistance. The tensile strength (MPa) for sample A, B, C, D and E were 5.6, 3.5, 4.7, 1.7 and 2.0 respectively while the abrasion(%mass loss) were 8.49, 4.24, 2.59, 1.08 and 1.05 respectively and the hardness (IRHD) being 63, 64, 65, 70 and 82. The results show that the preparation of ebonite from natural rubber as a base polymer is feasible considering the results of characterisation obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compounding" title="compounding">compounding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ebonite%20dust" title=" ebonite dust"> ebonite dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber" title=" natural rubber"> natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulcanization" title=" vulcanization"> vulcanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56400/preparation-and-properties-of-nr-based-ebonite-rubber-suitable-for-use-as-engineering-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Effects of Injectable Thermosensitive Hydrogel Containing Chitosan as a Barrier for Prevention of Post-operative Peritoneal Adhesion in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Javanmardi">Sara Javanmardi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepehr%20Aziziz"> Sepehr Aziziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baharak%20Divband"> Baharak Divband</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoumeh%20Firouzamandi"> Masoumeh Firouzamandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Post-operative adhesions are the most common cause of intestinal obstruction, female infertility and chronic abdominal pain. We developed a novel approach for preventing post-operative peritoneal adhesions using a biodegradable and thermosensitive curcumin hydrogel in rats. Thirteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into five groups of six animals each: In SHAM group, the cecum was exteriorized, gently manipulated and sent back into the abdomen. In CONTROL group, the surgical abrasion was performed with no further treatment. In Hydrogel group, surgical abrasion was performed with local application of blank hydrogel (1 mL). In Curcumin group, surgical abrasion was performed with local application of curcumin (1 mL). In CUR/HGEL group, surgical abrasion was performed with local application of curcumin hydrogel (1 mL). On day 10, adhesions were assessed using a standardized scale (Evans model), and samples were collected for the Real-time PCR. Real-time PCR was performed to determine mRNA levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and GAPDH. The macroscopic adhesion intensity showed statistically significant differences between the CUR/HGEL and other groups (P=0.0005). The findings of the present study revealed there were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding adhesion band length and numbers (P<0.0001). The protein and mRNA expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in secal tissues were significantly down regulated due to curcumin-hydrogel application in CUR/HGEL compared to other groups (p<0.05). The thermosensitive hydrogel could reduce the severity and even prevent formation of intra-abdominal adhesion. Curcumin hydrogel could serve as a potential barrier agent to prevent post-operative peritoneal adhesion in rats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peritoneal%20adhesion" title="peritoneal adhesion">peritoneal adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curcumijn" title=" curcumijn"> curcumijn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICAM-1" title=" ICAM-1"> ICAM-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VCAM-1" title=" VCAM-1"> VCAM-1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168220/effects-of-injectable-thermosensitive-hydrogel-containing-chitosan-as-a-barrier-for-prevention-of-post-operative-peritoneal-adhesion-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Proposals to Increase the Durability of Concrete Affected by Acid Mine Waters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Rodriguez">Cristian Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20M.%20Davila"> Jose M. Davila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aguasanta%20M.%20Sarmiento"> Aguasanta M. Sarmiento</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20L.%20de%20la%20Torre"> María L. de la Torre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many acidic environments that degrade structural concrete, such as those found in water treatment plants, sports facilities, and more, but one of the most aggressive is undoubtedly the water from acid mine drainage. This phenomenon occurs in all pyrite mining facilities and, to a lesser extent, in coal mines and is characterised by very low pH values and high sulphate, metal, and metalloid contents. This phenomenon causes significant damage to the concrete, mainly attacking the binder. In addition, the process is accentuated by the action of acidophilic bacteria, which accelerate the cracking of the concrete. Due to the damage that concrete experiences in acidic environments, the authors of this study aimed to enhance its performance in various aspects. Thus, two solutions have been proposed to improve the concrete durability, acting both on the mass of the material itself with the incorporation of fibres, and on its surface, proposing treatments with two different paints. The incorporation of polypropylene fibres in the concrete mass aims to improve the tensile strength of concrete, being this parameter the most affected in this type of degradation. The protection of the concrete with surface paint is intended to improve the performance against abrasion while reducing the access of water to the interior of the mass of the material. Sulpho-resistant cement has been used in all the mass concrete mixtures that have been prepared, in addition to complying with the requirements of the current Spanish standard, equivalent to the Eurocodes. For the polypropylene fibres, two alternatives have been used, with 1.7 and 3.4 kg/m³, while as surface treatment, the use of two paints has been analysed, one based on polyurethane and the other on asphalt-type paint. The proposed treatments have been analysed by means of indirect tensile tests and pressure sandblasting, thus analysing the effects of abrasion. The results obtained have confirmed a slight increase in the tensile strength of mass concrete by incorporating polypropylene fibres, being slightly higher for a ratio of 3.4 kg/m³, with an improvement of slightly more than 5% in the tensile strength of concrete. However, the use of fibres in concrete greatly reduces the loss of concrete mass due to abrasion. This improvement against abrasion is even more significant when paint is used as an external protection measure, with a much lower loss of mass with both paints. Acknowledgments: This work has been supported by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE, throughout the project PID2021-123130OB-I00. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title="degradation">degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion" title=" abrasion"> abrasion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192642/proposals-to-increase-the-durability-of-concrete-affected-by-acid-mine-waters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Determining Which Material Properties Resist the Tool Wear When Machining Pre-Sintered Zirconia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Robert%20Irvine">David Robert Irvine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the dental restoration sector, there has been a shift to using zirconia. With the ever increasing need to decrease lead times to deliver restorations faster the zirconia is machined in its pre-sintered state instead of grinding the very hard sintered state. As with all machining, there is tool wear and while investigating the tooling used to machine pre-sintered zirconia it became apparent that the wear rate is based more on material build up and abrasion than it is on plastic deformation like conventional metal machining. It also came to light that the tool material can currently not be selected based on wear resistance, as there is no data. Different works have analysed the effect of the individual wear mechanism separately using similar if not the same material. In this work, the testing method used to analyse the wear was a modified from ISO 8688:1989 to use the pre-sintered zirconia and the cutting conditions used in dental to machine it. This understanding was developed through a series of tests based in machining operations, to give the best representation of the multiple wear factors that can occur in machining of pre-sintered zirconia such as 3 body abrasion, material build up, surface welding, plastic deformation, tool vibration and thermal cracking. From the testing, it found that carbide grades with low trans-granular rupture toughness would fail due to abrasion while those with high trans-granular rupture toughness failed due to edge chipping from build up or thermal properties. The results gained can assist the development of these tools and the restorative dental process. This work was completed with the aim of assisting in the selection of tool material for future tools along with a deeper understanding of the properties that assist in abrasive wear resistance and material build up. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20wear" title="abrasive wear">abrasive wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cemented%20carbide" title=" cemented carbide"> cemented carbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-sintered%20zirconia" title=" pre-sintered zirconia"> pre-sintered zirconia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tool%20wear" title=" tool wear"> tool wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96363/determining-which-material-properties-resist-the-tool-wear-when-machining-pre-sintered-zirconia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> A Full Factorial Analysis of Microhardness Variation in Bead Welds Deposited by the Process Cold Wire Gas Metal Arc Welding (CW-GMAW)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20A.%20Ribeiro">R. A. Ribeiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20D.%20Angelo%20Assun%C3%A7%C3%A3o"> P. D. Angelo Assunção</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Braga"> E. M. Braga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microhardness in weld beads is a function of the microstructure obtained in the welding process, and this by its time is dependent of the input variables established at the outset of the process. In this study the influence of angle between the plate and the cold wire, the position in which the cold wire is introduced and the rate in which this introduction is made are assessed as input parameters in CW-GMAW process. This paper looks to show that ordinary changes in the frame of CW-GMAW can improve microhardness, which is expected to vary as the input parameters change. To properly correlate the changes in the input parameters to consequent changes in microhardness of the weld bead, a full factorial design was employed. In fact, changes in the operational parameters improved the overall microhardness of the weld bead, which in turns can be an indication of improvement in the resistance to abrasive wear, constituting a cheap way to augment the abrasion wear resistance of welds used for cladding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion" title="abrasion">abrasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CW-GMAW" title=" CW-GMAW"> CW-GMAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20factorial%20design" title=" full factorial design"> full factorial design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microhardness" title=" microhardness"> microhardness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20184/a-full-factorial-analysis-of-microhardness-variation-in-bead-welds-deposited-by-the-process-cold-wire-gas-metal-arc-welding-cw-gmaw" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Study on The Model of Microscopic Contact Parameters for Grinding M300 Using Elastic Abrasive Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Xiaojun">Wu Xiaojun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Ruiping"> Liu Ruiping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Xingzhan"> Yu Xingzhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Qian"> Wu Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In precision grinding, utilizing the elastic matrix ball has higher processing efficiency and better superficial quality than traditional grinding. The diversity of characteristics which elastic abrasive tool contact with bend surface results in irregular wear abrasion，and abrasive tool machining status get complicated. There is no theoretical interpretation that parameters affect the grinding accuracy.Aiming at corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other characteristics of M 300 material, it is often used as a material on aerospace precision components. The paper carried out grinding and polishing experiments by using material of M 300,to theoretically show the relationship between stress magnitude and grinding efficiency，and predict the optimal combination of grinding parameter for effective grinding, just for the high abrasion resistance features of M 300, analyzing the micro-contact of elastic ball abrasive tool (Whetstone), using mathematical methods deduce the functional relationship between residual peak removal rate and the main parameters which impact the grinding accuracy on the plane case.Thus laying the foundation for the study of elastic abrasive prediction and compensation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20abrasive%20tool" title="flexible abrasive tool">flexible abrasive tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polishing%20parameters" title=" polishing parameters"> polishing parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hertz%20theory" title=" Hertz theory"> Hertz theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal%20rate" title=" removal rate"> removal rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26654/study-on-the-model-of-microscopic-contact-parameters-for-grinding-m300-using-elastic-abrasive-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Evaluation of Microstructure, Mechanical and Abrasive Wear Response of in situ TiC Particles Reinforced Zinc Aluminum Matrix Alloy Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20M.%20Khan">Mohammad M. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Agarwal"> Pankaj Agarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation deals with the microstructures, mechanical and detailed wear characteristics of in situ TiC particles reinforced zinc aluminum-based metal matrix composites. The composites have been synthesized by liquid metallurgy route using vortex technique. The composite was found to be harder than the matrix alloy due to high hardness of the dispersoid particles therein. The former was also lower in ultimate tensile strength and ductility as compared to the matrix alloy. This could be explained to be due to the use of coarser size dispersoid and larger interparticle spacing. Reasonably uniform distribution of the dispersoid phase in the alloy matrix and good interfacial bonding between the dispersoid and matrix was observed. The composite exhibited predominantly brittle mode of fracture with microcracking in the dispersoid phase indicating effective easy transfer of load from matrix to the dispersoid particles. To study the wear behavior of the samples three different types of tests were performed namely: (i) sliding wear tests using a pin on disc machine under dry condition, (ii) high stress (two-body) abrasive wear tests using different combinations of abrasive media and specimen surfaces under the conditions of varying abrasive size, traversal distance and load, and (iii) low-stress (three-body) abrasion tests using a rubber wheel abrasion tester at various loads and traversal distances using different abrasive media. In sliding wear test, significantly lower wear rates were observed in the case of base alloy over that of the composites. This has been attributed to the poor room temperature strength as a result of increased microcracking tendency of the composite over the matrix alloy. Wear surfaces of the composite revealed the presence of fragmented dispersoid particles and microcracking whereas the wear surface of matrix alloy was observed to be smooth with shallow grooves. During high-stress abrasion, the presence of the reinforcement offered increased resistance to the destructive action of the abrasive particles. Microcracking tendency was also enhanced because of the reinforcement in the matrix. The negative effect of the microcracking tendency was predominant by the abrasion resistance of the dispersoid. As a result, the composite attained improved wear resistance than the matrix alloy. The wear rate increased with load and abrasive size due to a larger depth of cut made by the abrasive medium. The wear surfaces revealed fine grooves, and damaged reinforcement particles while subsurface regions revealed limited plastic deformation and microcracking and fracturing of the dispersoid phase. During low-stress abrasion, the composite experienced significantly less wear rate than the matrix alloy irrespective of the test conditions. This could be explained to be due to wear resistance offered by the hard dispersoid phase thereby protecting the softer matrix against the destructive action of the abrasive medium. Abraded surfaces of the composite showed protrusion of dispersoid phase. The subsurface regions of the composites exhibited decohesion of the dispersoid phase along with its microcracking and limited plastic deformation in the vicinity of the abraded surfaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasive%20wear" title="abrasive wear">abrasive wear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20metallurgy" title=" liquid metallurgy"> liquid metallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20martix%20composite" title=" metal martix composite"> metal martix composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92372/evaluation-of-microstructure-mechanical-and-abrasive-wear-response-of-in-situ-tic-particles-reinforced-zinc-aluminum-matrix-alloy-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Mechanical Characterization and Durability of Eco-Efficient Ultra High Performance Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valeria%20Corinaldesi">Valeria Corinaldesi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicola%20Generosi"> Nicola Generosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacopo%20Donnini"> Jacopo Donnini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is an innovative material which tends to exhibit superior properties such as incredible mechanical and durability performance and non-brittleness behavior. Over the last twenty years, phenomenal advances have taken place in the research and application of UHPC. Recently, the approach is to improve UHPC sustainability by reducing its embodied energy. First of all, this goal can be achieved by reducing Portland cement dosage. In this work, an experimental investigation was carried out to characterize the mechanical behavior and durability of UHPCs prepared by reducing the cement amount by 30% in order to verify the impact of lower cement content and higher water-to-cement ratio on both mechanical performance and durability, if any. Eight different UHPC mixtures were compared, with two different cement dosages (either 1000 or 700 kg) and four different brass-coated steel fibres dosages (0 - 50 - 100 - 150 kg), in terms of 28-day compressive and flexural strengths. Then, the mixtures prepared with the lower cement content were further investigated in terms of abrasion resistance, water absorption, freezing and thawing cycles, and resistance to sulphate attack. Results obtained showed the feasibility of reducing cement dosage without compromising mechanical performance and UHPC's extraordinary durability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion%20resistance" title="abrasion resistance">abrasion resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-efficiency" title=" eco-efficiency"> eco-efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze-thawing%20cycles" title=" freeze-thawing cycles"> freeze-thawing cycles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fibres" title=" steel fibres"> steel fibres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphate%20exposure" title=" sulphate exposure"> sulphate exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHPC" title=" UHPC"> UHPC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163828/mechanical-characterization-and-durability-of-eco-efficient-ultra-high-performance-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> Optical and Surface Characteristics of Direct Composite, Polished and Glazed Ceramic Materials After Exposure to Tooth Brush Abrasion and Staining Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Firouzmandi">Maryam Firouzmandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moosa%20Miri"> Moosa Miri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim and background: esthetic and structural reconstruction of anterior teeth may require the application of different restoration material. In this regard combination of direct composite veneer and ceramic crown is a common treatment option. Despite the initial matching, their long term harmony in term of optical and surface characteristics is a matter of concern. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare optical and surface characteristic of direct composite polished and glazed ceramic materials after exposure to tooth brush abrasion and staining solution. Materials and Methods: ten 2 mm thick disk shape specimens were prepared from IPS empress direct composite and twenty specimens from IPS e.max CAD blocks. Composite specimens and ten ceramic specimens were polished by using D&Z composite and ceramic polishing kit. The other ten specimens of ceramic were glazed with glazing liquid. Baseline measurement of roughness, CIElab coordinate, and luminance were recorded. Then the specimens underwent thermocycling, tooth brushing, and coffee staining. Afterword, the final measurements were recorded. Color coordinate were used to calculate ΔE76, ΔE00, translucency parameter, and contrast ratio. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD test. Results: baseline and final roughness of the study group were not different. At baseline, the order of roughness for the study group were as follows: composite < glazed ceramic < polished ceramic, but after aging, no difference. Between ceramic groups was not detected. The comparison of baseline and final luminance was similar to roughness but in reverse order. Unlike differential roughness which was comparable between the groups, changes in luminance of the glazed ceramic group was higher than other groups. ΔE76 and ΔE00 in the composite group were 18.35 and 12.84, in the glazed ceramic group were 1.3 and 0.79, and in polished ceramic were 1.26 and 0.85. These values for the composite group were significantly different from ceramic groups. Translucency of composite at baseline was significantly higher than final, but there was no significant difference between these values in ceramic groups. Composite was more translucency than ceramic at baseline and final measurement. Conclusion: Glazed ceramic surface was smoother than polished ceramic. Aging did not change the roughness. Optical properties (color and translucency) of the composite were influenced by aging. Luminance of composite, glazed ceramic, and polished ceramic decreased after aging, but the reduction in glazed ceramic was more pronounced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic" title="ceramic">ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth-brush%20abrasion" title=" tooth-brush abrasion"> tooth-brush abrasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=staining%20solution" title=" staining solution"> staining solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20resin" title=" composite resin"> composite resin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141981/optical-and-surface-characteristics-of-direct-composite-polished-and-glazed-ceramic-materials-after-exposure-to-tooth-brush-abrasion-and-staining-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Investigation of Physical Performance of Denim Fabrics Washed with Sustainable Foam Washing Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazal%20Y%C4%B1lmaz">Hazal Yılmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hale%20Karaka%C5%9F"> Hale Karakaş</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the scope of the study, it is aimed to investigate and review the performance of denim fabrics that are foam washed. Foam washing was compared as an alternative to stone washing in terms of sustainability and performance parameters. For this purpose, seven different denim fabrics, which are both stone washed and foam washed separately in 3 different washing durations (30-60-90 mins), were compared. In the study, the same fabrics were processed with both foam and stone separately. The washing process steps were reviewed, and their water consumption values were compared. After washing, a total of 42 fabric samples were obtained, and tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion, weight loss after abrasion, rubbing fastness, color fastness tests were carried out on the fabric samples. The obtained test results were reviewed and evaluated. As a result of tests, it has been observed that the performance of foam washed fabrics in terms of tensile, tear strength and rubbing fastness test results are better than stone washed fabrics, and it has been seen that foam washed fabrics' color fastness test results are as stone washed. As a result of all these tests, it can be seen that foam washing is an alternative to stone washing due to its performance parameters and its sustainability performance with less water usage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denim%20fabrics" title="denim fabrics">denim fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denim%20washing" title=" denim washing"> denim washing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20washing" title=" foam washing"> foam washing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20properties" title=" performance properties"> performance properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20washing" title=" stone washing"> stone washing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177884/investigation-of-physical-performance-of-denim-fabrics-washed-with-sustainable-foam-washing-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> Water-Repellent Coating Based on Thermoplastic Polyurethane, Silica Nanoparticles and Graphene Nanoplatelets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Naderizadeh">S. Naderizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Athanassiou"> A. Athanassiou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20S.%20Bayer"> I. S. Bayer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work describes a layer-by-layer spraying method to produce a non-wetting coating, based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs). The main purpose of this work was to transform a hydrophilic polymer to superhydrophobic coating. The contact angle of pure TPU was measured about 77˚ ± 2, and water droplets did not roll away upon tilting even at 90°. But after applying a layer of Si-NPs on top of this, not only the contact angle increased to 165˚ ± 2, but also water droplets can roll away even below 5˚ tilting. The most important restriction in this study was the weak interfacial adhesion between polymer and nanoparticles, which had a bad effect on durability of the coatings. To overcome this problem, we used a very thin layer of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) as an interlayer between TPU and Si-NPs layers, followed by thermal treatment at 150˚C. The sample’s morphology and topography were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was observed that Si-NPs embedded into the polymer phase in the presence of GNPs layer. It is probably because of the high surface area and considerable thermal conductivity of the graphene platelets. The contact angle value for the sample containing graphene decreased a little bit respected to the coating without graphene and reached to 156.4˚ ± 2, due to the depletion of the surface roughness. The durability of the coatings against abrasion was evaluated by Taber® abrasion test, and it was observed that superhydrophobicity of the coatings remains for a longer time, in the presence of GNPs layer. Due to the simple fabrication method and good durability of the coating, this coating can be used as a durable superhydrophobic coating for metals and can be produced in large scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20nanoparticles" title=" silica nanoparticles"> silica nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superhydrophobicity" title=" superhydrophobicity"> superhydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20polyurethane" title=" thermoplastic polyurethane"> thermoplastic polyurethane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77514/water-repellent-coating-based-on-thermoplastic-polyurethane-silica-nanoparticles-and-graphene-nanoplatelets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Value Addition of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Using an Indigenously Developed Saponin Removal Machine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.A.%20Ali">M.A. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Matloob"> M. Matloob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sahar"> A. Sahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yamin"> M. Yamin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Imran"> M. Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.A.%20Yusof"> Y.A. Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is known as pseudocereal was originated in South America's Andes. Quinoa is a good source of protein, amino acids, micronutrients and bioactive components. The lack of gluten makes it suitable for celiac patients. Saponins, the leading ant-nutrient, are found in the pericarp, which adheres to the seed and transmits the bitter flavor to the quinoa grain. It is found in varying amounts in quinoa from 0.1% to 5%. This study was planned to design an indigenous machine to remove saponin from quinoa grains at the farm level to promote entrepreneurship. The machine consisted of a feeding hopper, rotating shaft, grooved stone, perforated steel cylinder, V-belts, pulleys, electric motor and mild steel angle iron and sheets. The motor transmitted power to the shaft with a belt drive. The shaft on which the grooved stone was attached rotated inside the perforated cylinder having a clearance of 2 mm and was removed saponin by an abrasion mechanism. The saponin-removed quinoa was then dipped in water to determine the presence of saponin as it produced foam in water and data were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the raw seed feeding rate of 25 g/s and milling time of 135 s completely removed saponin from seeds with minimum grain losses of 2.85% as compared to the economic analysis of the machine showed that its break-even point was achieved after one and half months with 18,000 s and a production capacity of 33 g/s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinoa%20seeds" title="quinoa seeds">quinoa seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saponin" title=" saponin"> saponin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion%20mechanism" title=" abrasion mechanism"> abrasion mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20polishing" title=" stone polishing"> stone polishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20machine" title=" indigenous machine"> indigenous machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169734/value-addition-of-quinoa-chenopodium-quinoa-willd-using-an-indigenously-developed-saponin-removal-machine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> Developments and Implementation of Biomaterials in Textile Coating and Finishing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20De%20Smet">David De Smet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myriam%20Vanneste"> Myriam Vanneste</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a constant need for the improvement of materials applied in textile industries. Nowadays there is a tendency for “bio, eco, natural and environmental friendly” consciousness of the consumer resulting in various textile labels. Materials, totally based on CO2-neutral renewable resources (biopolymers), respond very well to this tendency. Proteins and PLA were evaluated as binders for textile coatings. Much attention is paid to the functionalization of textiles, therefore bio-additves are examined to introduce abrasion resistance, antimicrobial and flame retardant properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterial" title="biomaterial">biomaterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finishing" title=" finishing"> finishing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26428/developments-and-implementation-of-biomaterials-in-textile-coating-and-finishing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26428.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">713</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Comparison of Surface Hardness of Filling Material Glass Ionomer Cement Which Soaked in Alcohol Containing Mouthwash and Alcohol-Free Mouthwash</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Yuristiawan">Farid Yuristiawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aulina%20R.%20Rahmi"> Aulina R. Rahmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Detty%20Iryani"> Detty Iryani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunawan"> Gunawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glass ionomer cement is one of the filling material that often used in the field of dentistry because it is relatively less expensive and mostly available. Surface hardness is one of the most important properties of restoration material; it is the ability of material to stand against indentation, which is directly connected to the material compressive strength and its ability to withstand abrasion. The higher surface hardness of a material means it is better to withstand abrasion. The existence of glass ionomer cement in the mouth makes it susceptible to any substance that comes into mouth, one of them is mouthwash which is a solution that used for many purposes such as antiseptic, astringent, to prevent caries, and bad breath. The presence of alcohol in mouthwash could affect the properties of glass ionomer cement, surface hardness. Objective: To determine the comparison of surface hardness of glass ionomer cement which soaked in alcohol containing mouthwash and alcohol-free mouthwash. Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental type study. There were 30 samples made from GC FUJI IX GP EXTRA and then soaked in artificial saliva for the first 24 hours inside incubator which temperature and humidity were controlled. Samples then divided into three groups. The first group will be soaked in alcohol-containing mouthwash; second group will be soaked alcohol-free mouthwash and control group will be soaked in artificial saliva for 6 hours inside incubator. Listerine is the mouthwash that was used on this research and surface hardness was examined using Vickers Hardness Tester. The result of this research shows mean value for surface hardness of the first group is 16.36 VHN, 24.04 VHN for second group, and 43.60 VHN for control group. The result one way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni comparing test show significant results p = 0.00. Conclusions: The data showed there were statistically significant differences of surface hardness between each group, which surface hardness of the first group is lower than the second group, and both surface hardness of the first (alcohol mouthwash) and second group (alcohol-free mouthwash) are lowered than control group (p = 0.00). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20ionomer%20cement" title="glass ionomer cement">glass ionomer cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mouthwash" title=" mouthwash"> mouthwash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20hardness" title=" surface hardness"> surface hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vickers%20hardness%20tester" title=" Vickers hardness tester"> Vickers hardness tester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71287/comparison-of-surface-hardness-of-filling-material-glass-ionomer-cement-which-soaked-in-alcohol-containing-mouthwash-and-alcohol-free-mouthwash" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Utilization of Pozzolonic Material for the Enhancement of the Concrete Strength: A Comprehensive Review Paper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Parvez%20Alam">M. Parvez Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bilal%20Khan"> M. Bilal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is the material of choice where strength, performance, durability, impermeability, fire resistance, and abrasion resistance are required. The hunger for the higher strength leads to other materials to achieve the desired results and thus, emerged the contribution of cementitious material for the strength of concrete In present day constructions, concrete is chosen as one of the best choices by civil engineers in construction materials. The concept of sustainability is touching new heights and many pozzolonic materials are tried and tested as partial replacement for the cement. In this paper, comprehensive review of available literatures are studied to evaluate the performance of pozzolonic materials such as ceramic waste powder, copper slag, silica fume on the strength of concrete by the partial replacement of ordinary materials such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate at different percentage of composition. From the study, we conclude that ceramic wastes are suitable to be used in the construction industry, and more significantly on the making of concrete. Ceramic wastes are found to be suitable for usage as substitution for fine and coarse aggregates and partial substitution in cement production. They were found to be performing better than normal concrete, in properties such as density, durability, permeability, and compressive strength. Copper slag is the waste material of matte smelting and refining of copper such that each ton of copper generates approximately 2.5 tons of copper slag. Copper slag is one of the materials that is considered as a waste which could have a promising future in construction Industry as partial or full substitute of aggregates. Silica fume, also known as micro silica or condensed silica fume, is a relatively new material compared to fly ash, It is another material that is used as an artificial pozzolonic admixture. High strength concrete made with silica fume provides high abrasion/corrosion resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolonic%20materials" title=" pozzolonic materials"> pozzolonic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20waste%20powder" title=" ceramic waste powder"> ceramic waste powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20slag" title=" copper slag"> copper slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30320/utilization-of-pozzolonic-material-for-the-enhancement-of-the-concrete-strength-a-comprehensive-review-paper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Awareness about HIV-Infection among HIV-Infected Individuals Attending Medical Moscow Center, Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Nosik">Marina Nosik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Rymanova"> Irina Rymanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20Sevostyanihin"> Sergei Sevostyanihin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalya%20Sergeeva"> Natalya Sergeeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Sobkin"> Alexander Sobkin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents results of the survey regarding the awareness about HIV/AIDS among HIV-infected individuals. A questionnaire covering various aspects of HIV-infection was conducted among 110 HIV-infected individuals who attended the G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, Department for the treatment of TB patients with HIV. The questionnaire included questions about modes of HIV transmission and preventive measures against HIV/AIDS, as well as questions about age, gender, education, and employment status. The survey revealed that the respondents in the whole had a good knowledge regarding modes of HIV transmission and preventive measures against HIV/AIDS: about 83,6% male respondents and 85,7% female respondents gave accurate answers regarding the HIV-infection. However, the overwhelming majority of the study participants, that is, 88,5% men and 98% women, was quite ignorant about the risk of acquiring HIV through saliva and toothbrush of HIV-infected individual. Though that risk is rather insignificant, it is still biologically possible. And this gap in knowledge needs to be filled. As the study showed another point of concern was the fact, that despite the knowledge of HIV transmission risk through unprotected sex about 40% percent of HIV-positive men and 25% of HIV-positive women did not insist on using condoms with their sexual partners. These findings indicate that there are still some aspects about HIV-infection which needed to be clarified and explained through more detailed and specific educational programmes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AIDS" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20transmission%20risks" title=" HIV transmission risks"> HIV transmission risks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV%20misconceptions" title=" HIV misconceptions"> HIV misconceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20behavior" title=" risk behavior"> risk behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29605/awareness-about-hiv-infection-among-hiv-infected-individuals-attending-medical-moscow-center-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> Effect of Electric Arc Furnace Coarse Slag Aggregate And Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Mechanical and Durability Properties of Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amiya%20Kumar%20Thakur">Amiya Kumar Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Ganvir"> Dinesh Ganvir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Pal%20Bansal"> Prem Pal Bansal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial by product utilization has been encouraged due to environment and economic factors. Since electric arc furnace slag aggregate is a by-product of steel industry and its storage is a major concern hence it can be used as a replacement of natural aggregate as its physical and mechanical property are comparable or better than the natural aggregates. The present study investigates the effect of partial and full replacement of natural coarse aggregate with coarse EAF slag aggregate and partial replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on the mechanical and durability properties of roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP).The replacement level of EAF slag aggregate were at five levels (i.e. 0% ,25% ,50%,75% & 100%) and of GGBFS was (0 % & 30%).The EAF slag aggregate was stabilized by exposing to outdoor condition for several years and the volumetric expansion test using steam exposure device was done to check volume stability. Soil compaction method was used for mix proportioning of RCCP. The fresh properties of RCCP investigated were fresh density and modified vebe test was done to measure the consistency of concrete. For investigating the mechanical properties various tests were done at 7 and 28 days (i.e. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure strength modulus of elasticity) and also non-destructive testing was done at 28 days (i.e. Ultra pulse velocity test (UPV) & rebound hammer test). The durability test done at 28 days were water absorption, skid resistance & abrasion resistance. The results showed that with the increase in slag aggregate percentage there was an increase in the fresh density of concrete and also slight increase in the vebe time but with the 30 % GGBFS replacement the vebe time decreased and the fresh density was comparable to 0% GGBFS mix. The compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure strength & modulus of elasticity increased with the increase in slag aggregate percentage in concrete when compared to control mix. But with the 30 % GGBFS replacement there was slight decrease in mechanical properties when compared to 100 % cement concrete. In UPV test and rebound hammer test all the mixes showed excellent quality of concrete. With the increase in slag aggregate percentage in concrete there was an increase in water absorption, skid resistance and abrasion resistance but with the 30 % GGBFS percentage the skid resistance, water absorption and abrasion resistance decreased when compared to 100 % cement concrete. From the study it was found that the mix containing 30 % GGBFS with different percentages of EAF slag aggregate were having comparable results for all the mechanical and durability property when compared to 100 % cement mixes. Hence 30 % GGBFS can be used as cement replacement with 100 % EAF slag aggregate as natural coarse aggregate replacement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability%20properties" title="durability properties">durability properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20arc%20furnace%20slag%20aggregate" title=" electric arc furnace slag aggregate"> electric arc furnace slag aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GGBFS" title=" GGBFS"> GGBFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller%20compacted%20concrete%20pavement" title=" roller compacted concrete pavement"> roller compacted concrete pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20compaction%20method" title=" soil compaction method"> soil compaction method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150737/effect-of-electric-arc-furnace-coarse-slag-aggregate-and-ground-granulated-blast-furnace-slag-on-mechanical-and-durability-properties-of-roller-compacted-concrete-pavement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Minimization of the Abrasion Effect of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix on Stainless Steel Injection Nozzle through the Application of Laser Hardening Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amessalu%20Atenafu%20Gelaw">Amessalu Atenafu Gelaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nele%20Rath"> Nele Rath</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, laser hardening process is becoming among the most efficient and effective hardening technique due to its significant advantages. The source where heat is generated, the absence of cooling media, self-quenching property, less distortion nature due to localized heat input, environmental friendly behavior and less time to finish the operation are among the main benefits to adopt this technology. This day, a variety of injection machines are used in plastic, textile, electrical and mechanical industries. Due to the fast growing of composite technology, fiber reinforced polymer matrix becoming optional solution to use in these industries. Due, to the abrasion nature of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite on the injection components, many parts are outdated before the design period. Niko, a company specialized in injection molded products, suffers from the short lifetime of the injection nozzles of the molds, due to the use of fiber reinforced and, therefore, more abrasive polymer matrix. To prolong the lifetime of these molds, hardening the susceptible component like the injecting nozzles was a must. In this paper, the laser hardening process is investigated on Unimax, a type of stainless steel. The investigation to get optimal results for the nozzle-case was performed in three steps. First, the optimal parameters for maximum possible hardenability for the investigated nozzle material is investigated on a flat sample, using experimental testing as well as thermal simulation. Next, the effect of an inclination on the maximum temperature is analyzed both by experimental testing and validation through simulation. Finally, the data combined and applied for the nozzle. This paper describes possible strategies and methods for laser hardening of the nozzle to reach hardness of at least 720 HV for the material investigated. It has been proven, that the nozzle can be laser hardened to over 900 HV with the option of even higher results when more precise positioning of the laser can be assured. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorptivity" title="absorptivity">absorptivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20reinforced%20matrix" title=" fiber reinforced matrix"> fiber reinforced matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20hardening" title=" laser hardening"> laser hardening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nd%3AYAG%20laser" title=" Nd:YAG laser"> Nd:YAG laser</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96315/minimization-of-the-abrasion-effect-of-fiber-reinforced-polymer-matrix-on-stainless-steel-injection-nozzle-through-the-application-of-laser-hardening-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Hot Forging Process Simulation of Outer Tie Rod to Reduce Forming Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyo%20Jin%20An">Kyo Jin An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bukyo%20Seo"> Bukyo Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Chul%20Park"> Young-Chul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current trend in car market is increase of parts of automobile and weight in vehicle. It comes from improvement of vehicle performance. Outer tie rod is a part of component of steering system and it is lighter than the others. But, weight lightening is still required for improvement of car mileage. So, we have presented a model of aluminized outer tie rod, but the process of fabrication has to be checked to manufacture the product. Therefore, we have anticipated forming load, die stress and abrasion to use the program of forging interpretation in the part of hot forging process of outer tie rod in this study. Also, we have implemented the experiments design to use the table of orthogonal arrays to reduce the forming load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20load" title="forming load">forming load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20forging" title=" hot forging"> hot forging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20array" title=" orthogonal array"> orthogonal array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outer%20tie%20rod%20%28OTR%29" title=" outer tie rod (OTR)"> outer tie rod (OTR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%E2%80%93step%20forging" title=" multi–step forging"> multi–step forging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15169/hot-forging-process-simulation-of-outer-tie-rod-to-reduce-forming-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Durability of Functionally Graded Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanna%20Kumar%20Acharya">Prasanna Kumar Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mausam%20Kumari%20Yadav"> Mausam Kumari Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cement concrete has emerged as the most consumed construction material. It has also dominated all other construction materials because of its versatility. Apart from numerous advantages it has a disadvantage concerning durability. The large structures constructed with cement concrete involving the consumption of huge natural materials remain in serviceable condition for 5 – 7 decades only while structures made with stones stand for many centuries. The short life span of structures not only affects the economy but also affects the ecology greatly. As such, the improvement of durability of cement concrete is a global concern and scientists around the globe are trying for this purpose. Functionally graded concrete (FGC) is an exciting development. In contrast to conventional concrete, FGC demonstrates different characteristics depending on its thickness, which enables it to conform to particular structural specifications. The purpose of FGC is to improve the performance and longevity of conventional concrete structures with cutting-edge building materials. By carefully distributing various kinds and amounts of reinforcements, additives, mix designs and/or aggregates throughout the concrete matrix, this variety is produced. A key component of functionally graded concrete's performance is its durability, which affects the material's capacity to tolerate aggressive environmental influences and load-bearing circumstances. This paper reports the durability of FGC made using Portland slag cement (PSC). For this purpose, control concretes (CC) of M20, M30 and M40 grades were designed. Single-layered samples were prepared using each grade of concrete. Further using combinations of M20 + M30, M30 + M40 and M40 + M20, doubled layered concrete samples in a depth ratio of 1:1 was prepared those are herein called FGC samples. The efficiency of FGC samples was compared with that of the higher-grade concrete of parent materials in terms of compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, acid resistance, sulphate resistance, chloride resistance and abrasion resistance. The properties were checked at the age of 28 and 91 days. Apart from strength and durability parameters, the microstructure of CC and FGC were studied in terms of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray. The result of the study revealed that there is an increase in the efficiency of concrete evaluated in terms of strength and durability when it is made functionally graded using a layered technology having different grades of concrete in layers. The results may help to enhance the efficiency of structural concrete and its durability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20on%20compacted" title="fresh on compacted">fresh on compacted</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20concrete" title=" functionally graded concrete"> functionally graded concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acid" title=" acid"> acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chloride" title=" chloride"> chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphate%20test" title=" sulphate test"> sulphate test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorptivity" title=" sorptivity"> sorptivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abrasion" title=" abrasion"> abrasion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20absorption%20test" title=" water absorption test"> water absorption test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191321/durability-of-functionally-graded-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Scale Up-Mechanochemical Synthesis of High Surface Area Alpha-Alumina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Triller">Sarah Triller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferdi%20Sch%C3%BCth"> Ferdi Schüth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The challenges encountered in upscaling the mechanochemical synthesis of high surface area α-alumina are investigated in this study. After lab-scale experiments in shaker mills and planetary ball mills, the optimization of reaction parameters of the conversion in the smallest vessel of a scalable mill, named Simoloyer, was developed. Furthermore, the future perspectives by scaling up the conversion in several steps are described. Since abrasion from the steel equipment can be problematic, the process was transferred to a ceramically lined mill, which solved the contamination problem. The recovered alpha-alumina shows a high specific surface area in all investigated scales. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanochemistry" title="mechanochemistry">mechanochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale-up" title=" scale-up"> scale-up</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ball%20milling" title=" ball milling"> ball milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20lining" title=" ceramic lining"> ceramic lining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175554/scale-up-mechanochemical-synthesis-of-high-surface-area-alpha-alumina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Optimization of Human Hair Concentration for a Natural Rubber Based Composite </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richu%20J.%20Babu">Richu J. Babu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sony%20Mathew"> Sony Mathew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharon%20Rony%20Jacob"> Sharon Rony Jacob</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soney%20C.%20George"> Soney C. George</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jibin%20C.%20Jacob"> Jibin C. Jacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human hair is a non-biodegradable waste available in plenty throughout the world but is rarely explored for applications in engineering ﬁelds. Tensile strength of human hair ranges from 170 to 220 MPa. This property of human hair can be made use in the ﬁeld of making bio-composites[1]. The composite is prepared by commixing the human hair and natural rubber in a two roll mill along with additives followed by vulcanization. Here the concentration of the human hair is varied by ﬁne-tuning the ﬁber length as 20 mm and sundry tests like tensile, abrasion, tear and hardness were conducted. While incrementing the ﬁber length up to a certain range the mechanical properties shows superior amendments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20hair" title="human hair">human hair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber" title=" natural rubber"> natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulcanization" title=" vulcanization"> vulcanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20loading" title=" fiber loading"> fiber loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40082/optimization-of-human-hair-concentration-for-a-natural-rubber-based-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Two and Three Layer Lamination of Nanofiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Knizek">Roman Knizek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denisa%20Karhankova"> Denisa Karhankova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20Fridrichova"> Ludmila Fridrichova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For their exceptional properties nanofibers, respectively, nanofiber layers are achieving an increasingly wider range of uses. Nowadays nanofibers are used mainly in the field of air filtration where they are removing submicron particles, bacteria, and viruses. Their efficiency is not changed in time, and the power consumption is much lower than that of electrically charged filters. Nanofibers are primarily used for converting and storage of energy in both air and liquid filtration, in food and packaging, protecting the environment, but also in health care which is made possible by their newly discovered properties. However, a major problem of the nanofiber layer is practically zero abrasion resistance; it is, therefore, necessary to laminate the nanofiber layer with another suitable material. Unfortunately, lamination of nanofiber layers is a major problem since the nanofiber layer contains small pores through which it is very difficult for adhesion to pass through. Therefore, there is still only a small percentage of products with these unique fibers 5. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiber%20layer" title="nanofiber layer">nanofiber layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomembrane" title=" nanomembrane"> nanomembrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lamination" title=" lamination"> lamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title=" electrospinning"> electrospinning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28505/two-and-three-layer-lamination-of-nanofiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">727</span> </span> 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