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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nella_storia_contemporanea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nella_storia_contemporanea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nella storia contemporanea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nella_storia_contemporanea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oclocrazia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 50 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="حكومة الدهماء - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة الدهماء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclocracia" title="Oclocracia - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oclocracia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxlokratiya" title="Oxlokratiya - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oxlokratiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ахлакратыя - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ахлакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Охлокрация - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Охлокрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উচ্ছৃঙ্খল গণবিচার - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উচ্ছৃঙ্খল গণবিচার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oc%27hlokratiezh" title="Oc'hlokratiezh - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oc'hlokratiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclocr%C3%A0cia" title="Oclocràcia - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oclocràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlokracie" title="Ochlokracie - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ochlokracie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlokrati" title="Ochlokrati - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ochlokrati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlokratie" title="Ochlokratie - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ochlokratie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%87%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οχλοκρατία - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οχλοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mob_rule" title="Mob rule - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mob rule" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclocracia" title="Oclocracia - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oclocracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlokraatia" title="Ohlokraatia - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ohlokraatia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklokrazia" title="Oklokrazia - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oklokrazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="غوغاسالاری - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غوغاسالاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklokratia" title="Oklokratia - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oklokratia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlocratie" title="Ochlocratie - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ochlocratie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclocracia" title="Oclocracia - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oclocracia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוכלוקרטיה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוכלוקרטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlokracija" title="Ohlokracija - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ohlokracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlokr%C3%A1cia" title="Ochlokrácia - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ochlokrácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AD%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Օխլոկրատիա - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օխլոկրատիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklokrasi" title="Oklokrasi - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oklokrasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%86%E6%84%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="衆愚政治 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="衆愚政治" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ოხლოკრატია - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოხლოკრატია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Охлократия - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Охлократия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%9A%B0%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="중우정치 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중우정치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Охлократия - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Охлократия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Оклократија - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оклократија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlocratie" title="Ochlocratie - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ochlocratie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklokrati" title="Oklokrati - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oklokrati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclocracia" title="Oclocracia - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oclocracia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochlokracja" title="Ochlokracja - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ochlokracja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oclocracia" title="Oclocracia - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oclocracia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlocra%C8%9Bie" title="Ohlocrație - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ohlocrație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Охлократия - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Охлократия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carca" title="Carca - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Carca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlokracija" title="Ohlokracija - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ohlokracija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mob_rule" title="Mob rule - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mob rule" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlokracija" title="Ohlokracija - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ohlokracija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Охлократија - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Охлократија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B6bel" title="Pöbel - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pöbel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="กฎหมู่ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎหมู่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklokrasya" title="Oklokrasya - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oklokrasya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklokrasi" title="Oklokrasi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oklokrasi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>L'<b>oclocrazia</b> (dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco antico</a>: <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">ὄχλος</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Greco_antico" title="Aiuto:Greco antico">?</a></sup></span>, <i>óchlos</i>, "moltitudine, massa" e <span dir="ltr" lang="grc" class="polytonic">κράτος</span>, <i>krátos</i>, "potere") si configura come uno stadio di governo deteriore nel quale la guida della <i><a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">pόlis</a></i> è soggetta alla volontà delle <a href="/wiki/Massa_(sociologia)" title="Massa (sociologia)">masse</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_fonti_classiche">Le fonti classiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Le fonti classiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Le fonti classiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine oclocrazia è formulato per la prima volta nelle <i><a href="/wiki/Storie_(Polibio)" title="Storie (Polibio)">Storie</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Polibio" title="Polibio">Polibio</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, specificamente fra i frammenti del Libro VI. La discussione dello storico greco si inserisce in una più ampia disamina della sua <a href="/wiki/Anaciclosi" title="Anaciclosi">teoria ciclica delle forme di governo</a>. Così si esprime infatti l'autore: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Finché sopravvivono cittadini che hanno sperimentato la tracotanza e la violenza [...], essi stimano più di ogni altra cosa l'uguaglianza di diritti e la libertà di parola; ma quando subentrano al potere dei giovani e la democrazia viene trasmessa ai figli dei figli di questi, non tenendo più in gran conto, a causa dell'abitudine, l'uguaglianza e la libertà di parola, cercano di prevalere sulla maggioranza; in tale colpa incorrono soprattutto i più ricchi. Desiderosi dunque di preminenza, non potendola ottenere con i propri meriti e le proprie virtù, dilapidano le loro sostanze per accattivarsi la moltitudine, allettandola in tutti i modi. Quando sono riusciti, con la loro stolta avidità di potere, a rendere il popolo corrotto e avido di doni, la democrazia viene abolita e si trasforma in violenta demagogia [...].» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Polibio, <i>Le Storie</i>, libro VI, cap. 9, nella traduzione italiana di Carla Schick, Mondadori 1955, vol.II, p. 98)</small>)</p></div> <p>Il termine ricorre soltanto 3 volte nell'intero <i>corpus</i> polibiano, una sola volta in quello <a href="/wiki/Plutarco" title="Plutarco">plutarcheo</a> (nel <i>De Unius in republica dominatione</i>, capitolo I), e nelle <a href="/wiki/Storia_romana_(Cassio_Dione)" title="Storia romana (Cassio Dione)">Historiae Romanae</a> di <a href="/wiki/Cassio_Dione" title="Cassio Dione">Cassio Dione</a> (libro 44°, cap. 2). Non sembrano esserci altre occorrenze nel <i>corpus</i> classico. In epoca moderna <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a> cita il termine ne <i><a href="/wiki/Il_contratto_sociale" title="Il contratto sociale">Le contrat social</a></i>, riferendosi alla degenerazione della democrazia, nel caso di dissoluzione dello Stato (Cap. X, Libro III). </p><p>Come si può vedere già nel breve inciso polibiano, l'oclocrazia è considerata come uno stadio di degenerazione della <a href="/wiki/Democrazia" title="Democrazia">democrazia</a>. Risulta inequivocabile che il potere del <a href="/wiki/Popolo" title="Popolo">Popolo</a>, da intendersi, in origine, a guisa di corpo politico unitario, dotato di un'autocoscienza storica, si tramuti ora in potere dell'<i>ochlos</i>, ossia di una moltitudine atomizzata, priva di una visione del mondo, preda degli intenti dominanti di <a href="/wiki/Demagogia" title="Demagogia">demagoghi</a> che ne orientano a privati fini le <a href="/wiki/Opinione" title="Opinione">opinioni</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Massa_(sociologia)" title="Massa (sociologia)">Massa</a> popolare pertanto, diventa "strumento animato" di una o più persone, tipicamente, nella formulazione polibiana, di alta estrazione censitaria. Essi ottengono il compiacimento delle folle, anche elargendo denaro e regalie. Il "popolo" (ormai disintegrato) diventa corrotto, cessando così di essere un popolo libero. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nella_filosofia_politica">Nella filosofia politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Nella filosofia politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nella filosofia politica"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si comprende pienamente la precipuità e imprescindibilità della <a href="/wiki/Demagogia" title="Demagogia">demagogia</a> come strumento delle oclocrazie, in ossequio al sistematico rifiuto della democrazia che, in quanto tale, si esercita invece attraverso l'acceso confronto, anche polemico e tensorio, fra argomenti, fondate elucidazioni (<i><a href="/wiki/Dissoi_logoi" title="Dissoi logoi">logoi</a></i>) e visioni del mondo. La deriva possibile del ritorno ad uno stato di disgregazione sociale sembrerebbe essere contrastata solo da un altrettanto forte <a href="/wiki/Tiranno" title="Tiranno">regime tirannico</a>. </p><p>È reso chiaro all'analisi storica come la nascita delle oclocrazie rappresenti il fallimento dell'idea di libertà, costantemente minacciata e affondata dalla menzogna e da una emergente ignavia del genere umano, che porta in grembo quella <i>bonheur végétative</i> di <a href="/wiki/Tocqueville" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocqueville">tocquevilliana</a> memoria. La <a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A0" title="Libertà">Libertà</a>, tendente a configurarsi come "idea regolativa", perciò sempre <i>in fieri</i>, reca con sé infatti l'onere di un impavido agire nel mondo, essendo senza di esso destinata a rimanere chimera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nella_storia_contemporanea">Nella storia contemporanea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Nella storia contemporanea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nella storia contemporanea"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'assonanza dello spettro concettuale proprio dell'oclocrazia polibiana con il pensiero di <a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a> in tema di <a href="/wiki/Dittatura_della_maggioranza" title="Dittatura della maggioranza">dittatura della maggioranza</a> è stata utilizzata per descrivere il <a href="/wiki/Populismo" title="Populismo">populismo</a> nel <a href="/wiki/XXI_secolo" title="XXI secolo">XXI secolo</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: essa opera "quando lo stato è in balìa della voluttà delle masse"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ed è stata definita una pratica politica in cui "la democrazia si trasmuta in un rito collettivo di punizione e di espiazione"; in <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> ciò farebbe "rivivere un nuovo capitolo di quella che <a href="/wiki/Piero_Gobetti" title="Piero Gobetti">Piero Gobetti</a>, a proposito del <a href="/wiki/Fascismo" title="Fascismo">fascismo</a>, chiamava autobiografia di un popolo"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> Sapere.it, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/oclocraz%C3%ACa.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">oclocrazìa - Sapere.it</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/oclocrazia_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">oclocrazia in "Dizionario di Storia"</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leggioggi.it/2016/11/27/trump-e-la-democrazia-bellezza/">Massimiliano Pari, <i>Trump? È la democrazia, bellezza!</i>, ItaliaOggi, 27 novembre 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simofin.com/simofin/index.php/italia/12113-contro-democrazia-diretta">Alberto Brambilla, IL FONDATORE DELLA CASALEGGIO & C. CONTRO LA DEMOCRAZIA DIRETTA, OPACT, 14 dicembre 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corriere.it/opinioni/16_dicembre_21/legge-elettorale-93e9218c-c6ee-11e6-84f8-50724e442573.shtml">Marco Cianca, <i>Se la politica di oggi si riduce a una continua campagna elettorale</i>, Corriere della sera, 20 dicembre 2016</a>, secondo cui "gli alfieri dell’<a href="/wiki/Antipolitica" title="Antipolitica">antipolitica</a>, che ormai si è fatta a sua volta politica (...), danno voce alla pancia del Paese. Sono contro l’<a href="/wiki/Unione_europea" title="Unione europea">Europa</a>, contro le <a href="/wiki/Banche" class="mw-redirect" title="Banche">banche</a>, contro ogni forma di <a href="/wiki/Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Establishment">establishment</a>, contro l’<a href="/wiki/Immigrazione_in_Italia" title="Immigrazione in Italia">ondata immigratoria</a>. Potrebbero persino allearsi, in nome di quell’oclocrazia, il governo delle plebi, che è stata evocata in questi giorni citando <a href="/wiki/Polibio" title="Polibio">Polibio</a>".</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dittatura_della_maggioranza" title="Dittatura della maggioranza">Dittatura della maggioranza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrazia" title="Democrazia">Democrazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demagogia" title="Demagogia">Demagogia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo">Nepotismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralismo" title="Pluralismo">Pluralismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocrazia" title="Plutocrazia">Plutocrazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populismo" title="Populismo">Populismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchia" title="Anarchia">Anarchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisi_(politica)" title="Crisi (politica)">Crisi (politica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaciclosi" title="Anaciclosi">Anaciclosi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/oclocrazia" class="extiw" title="wikt:oclocrazia">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/oclocrazia" class="extiw" title="wikt:oclocrazia">oclocrazia</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oclocrazia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/oclocrazia"><span style="font-style:italic;">oclocrazia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191031#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/oclocrazia_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">oclocrazia</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191031#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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