CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="azb" dir="rtl"> <head> <base href="https://azb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>اتروسکلار - ویکی‌پدیا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )azbwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","٫\t٬"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9\t%","۰\t۱\t۲\t۳\t۴\t۵\t۶\t۷\t۸\t۹\t٪"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ژانویه","فوریه","مارس","آوریل","مئی","ژوئن","جولای","آقوست","سپتامبر","اوْکتوبر","نوْوامبر","دسامبر"],"wgRequestId":"6a12ccf8-8d88-424f-8702-be765cc95ba0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName": "اتروسکلار","wgTitle":"اتروسکلار","wgCurRevisionId":1516395,"wgRevisionId":1516395,"wgArticleId":9177,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"azb","wgPageContentLanguage":"azb","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"اتروسکلار","wgRelevantArticleId":9177,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"azb","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"azb"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true}, "wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":2000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym": "Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym": "閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym": "mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw", "autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj", "autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo" ,"dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym": "संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym": "ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa" ,"ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os", "pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q17161","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site", "mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Edittools","ext.gadget.purgetab","ext.gadget.EasyNewSection","ext.gadget.CommonsDirect","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=azb&modules=ext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=azb&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1458"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/800px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="972"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/640px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="778"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="اتروسکلار - ویکی‌پدیا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="دَییشدیر" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ویکی‌پدیا (azb)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//azb.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.azb"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://azb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://azb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-اتروسکلار rootpage-اتروسکلار stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://azb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="fa" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">ائو</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B2%D9%84:%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">تصادوفی</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B2%D9%84:%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">یاخیندا</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B2%D9%84:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">گیریش ائت</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B2%D9%84:%DA%AF%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">تنظیملر</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3Dazb.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dazb%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">باغیشلا</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">ویکی‌پدیا-ه گؤره</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%84_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">مسئولیتدن ایمتیناع</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-azb.svg" alt="ویکی‌پدیا" width="93" height="32" style="width: 5.8125em; height: 2em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="اؤزل:آختار"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ویکی‌پدیا-دا آختار" aria-label="ویکی‌پدیا-دا آختار" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ویکی‌پدیا-دا آختار [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>آختار</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="ناوبری کاربر"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">اتروسکلار</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="دیل" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>دیل</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B2%D9%84:%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87&returnto=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>ایزله</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دَییشدیر</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="azb" dir="rtl"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1511108">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1512752">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-right:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:right;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-right:1em}</style> <p><span style="font-size: 120%;">اتروسک خالقی</span> اسکی (قدیم) <a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ایتالیا">ایتالیا</a> خالقی دیر.</p> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"> <div class="fn org country-name"> Etruscans </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">900 BC–27 BC</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84:Etruscan_civilization_map.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Extent of Etruscan civilisation and the twelve Etruscan League cities."><img alt="Extent of Etruscan civilisation and the twelve Etruscan League cities." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/250px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/375px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Etruscan_civilization_map.png/500px-Etruscan_civilization_map.png 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="1208"></a></span> <div class="ib-country-map-caption"> Extent of Etruscan civilisation and the twelve Etruscan League cities. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">وضعیت</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=City-states&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="City-states (صفحه یوْخدور)">City-states</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">عۆموُمی دیللر</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Etruscan_language&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Etruscan language (صفحه یوْخدور)">Etruscan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">دین <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Etruscan_religion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Etruscan religion (صفحه یوْخدور)">Etruscan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">دؤولت</th> <td class="infobox-data">Chiefdom</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1511108"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">قانون اوقانی</th> <td class="infobox-data">Etruscan League</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">تاریخی دؤنم</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Iron_Age&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Iron Age (صفحه یوْخدور)">Iron Age</a>, <a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ancient_history&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ancient history (صفحه یوْخدور)">Ancient history</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1511108"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • <a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Villanovan_culture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Villanovan culture (صفحه یوْخدور)">Villanovan culture</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">900 BC</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-right:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • The last Etruscan cities were formally absorbed by Rome </div></th> <td class="infobox-data">27 BC</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">پول واحیدی</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Etruscan_coins&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Etruscan coins (صفحه یوْخدور)">Etruscan coinage</a> (5th century BC onward)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"> <div id="before-after"></div><b>قاباقکی</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>سونراکی</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2"></span></span></td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Proto-Villanovan_culture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Proto-Villanovan culture (صفحه یوْخدور)">Proto-Villanovan culture</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roman Empire (صفحه یوْخدور)">Roman Empire</a></td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2"></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">بوگون بیر حیصه‌سی</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Italy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Italy (صفحه یوْخدور)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vatican_City&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vatican City (صفحه یوْخدور)">Vatican City</a></li> <li><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="San Marino (صفحه یوْخدور)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Corsica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Corsica (صفحه یوْخدور)">Corsica</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><br></p> <p>ایندیکی <a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="لاتین الیفباسی">لاتین الیفباسینین</a> منشأئی اتروسک الیفباسیدیر.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="قایناقلار"><span id=".D9.82.D8.A7.DB.8C.D9.86.D8.A7.D9.82.D9.84.D8.A7.D8.B1"></span>قایناقلار</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="بؤلومو دَییشدیر: قایناقلار" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>دَییشدیر</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/18/science/sci-etruscans18">http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jun/18/science/sci-etruscans18</a></p> <p>* Philipp Ammon: ''Ruma Rasna – Die etruskischen Wurzeln Roms''. http://www.academia.edu/28000848/Ruma_Rasna_Die_etruskischen_Wurzeln_Roms</p>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%26oldid%3D1516395">https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اتروسکلار&oldid=1516395</a>»-دن آلینمیش‌دیر </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="BlueSky Tr" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1652477541"> <span>آخرین‌بار در ۱۳ مئی ۲۰۲۲، ۲۱:۳۲ ویرایش شده است</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>زبان‌ها</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="سئچیلمیش مقاله‌لر"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskers" title="Etruskers–آفریکانس" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Etruskers" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="آفریکانس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusker" title="Etrusker–آلمانی سوئیسی" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Etrusker" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی سوئیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B6%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="الحضارة الإترورية–عربی" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحضارة الإترورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="إتروسكيين–عربی مراکشی" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إتروسكيين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="عربی مراکشی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos–آستوری" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Etruscos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="آستوری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusklar" title="Etrusklar–ترکی آذربایجانی" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Etrusklar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ترکی آذربایجانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596" title="Этрускі–بلاروسی" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Этрускі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596" title="Этрускі–بلاروسی (دستورخط کلاسیک)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Этрускі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="بلاروسی (دستورخط کلاسیک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Етруски–بلغاری" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Етруски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="इत्रिस्की सभ्यता–Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इत्रिस्की सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%258F%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2581%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="এট্রুস্কান সভ্যতা–بنگالی" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এট্রুস্কান সভ্যতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusked" title="Etrusked–برتون" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Etrusked" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="برتون" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscs" title="Etruscs–کاتالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Etruscs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کاتالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruschi" title="Etruschi–کورسی" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Etruschi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="کورسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskov%25C3%25A9" title="Etruskové–چکی" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etruskové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC" title="Этрусксем–چوواشی" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этрусксем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چوواشی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrwsciaid" title="Etrwsciaid–ولزی" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Etrwsciaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ولزی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskere" title="Etruskere–دانمارکی" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Etruskere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="دانمارکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusker" title="Etrusker–آلمانی" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Etrusker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="آلمانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CF%2584%25CF%2581%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D%25CF%2583%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9" title="Ετρούσκοι–یونانی" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ετρούσκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یونانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrosch" title="Etrosch–امیلیانو-روما" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Etrosch" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="امیلیانو-روما" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization–انگلیسی" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Etruscan civilization" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskoj" title="Etruskoj–اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etruskoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="مقالهٔ خوب"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos–اسپانیایی" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etruscos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="اسپانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskid" title="Etruskid–استونیایی" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Etruskid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="استونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruriar" title="Etruriar–باسکی" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etruriar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscus" title="Etruscus–اکسترامادورایی" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Etruscus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="اکسترامادورایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9" title="تمدن اتروسک–فارسی" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تمدن اتروسک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="مقالهٔ خوب"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskit" title="Etruskit–فنلاندی" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etruskit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنلاندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="سئچیلمیش مقاله‌لر"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589trusques" title="Étrusques–فرانسوی" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Étrusques" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusken" title="Etrusken–فریسی غربی" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Etrusken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="فریسی غربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos–گالیسیایی" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Etruscos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گالیسیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%259D" title="אטרוסקים–عبری" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אטרוסקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="इत्रस्की सभ्यता–هندی" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इत्रस्की सभ्यता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etru%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dani" title="Etruščani–کروات" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Etruščani" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروات" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruszkok" title="Etruszkok–مجاری" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Etruszkok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="مجاری" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B7%25D5%25BF%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Էտրուսկներ–ارمنی" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էտրուսկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارمنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos–اینترلینگوا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Etruscos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="اینترلینگوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peradaban_Etruria" title="Peradaban Etruria–اندونزیایی" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Peradaban Etruria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="اندونزیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruriani" title="Etruriani–ایدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Etruriani" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ایدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruschi" title="Etruschi–ایتالیایی" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etruschi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایتالیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A8%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AB%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A2%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="エトルリア人–ژاپنی" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エトルリア人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ژاپنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ეტრუსკები–گرجی" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეტრუსკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="گرجی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2597%2590%25ED%258A%25B8%25EB%25A3%25A8%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%2595%2584%25EC%259D%25B8" title="에트루리아인–کره‌ای" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에트루리아인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کره‌ای" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%25C3%25BBsk" title="Etrûsk–کردی" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Etrûsk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="کردی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusci" title="Etrusci–لاتین" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Etrusci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتین" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusker" title="Etrusker–لوگزامبورگی" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Etrusker" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوگزامبورگی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusca_(sivilia)" title="Etrusca (sivilia)–Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Etrusca (sivilia)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popolo_etrusco" title="Popolo etrusco–Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Popolo etrusco" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusch" title="Etrusch–لومبارد" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Etrusch" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="لومبارد" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskai" title="Etruskai–لیتوانیایی" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Etruskai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="لیتوانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruski" title="Etruski–لتونیایی" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Etruski" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لتونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etroska_(vahoaka)" title="Etroska (vahoaka)–مالاگاسی" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etroska (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="مالاگاسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Етрурци–مقدونی" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Етрурци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamadun_Etruria" title="Tamadun Etruria–مالایی" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tamadun Etruria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="مالایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusche" title="Etrusche–ناپلی" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Etrusche" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ناپلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="سئچیلمیش مقاله‌لر"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusken" title="Etrusken–هلندی" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Etrusken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskarar" title="Etruskarar–نروژی نی‌نُشک" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Etruskarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نروژی نی‌نُشک" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskere" title="Etruskere–نروژی بوک‌مُل" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Etruskere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نروژی بوک‌مُل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589tr%25C3%25BBques" title="Étrûques–Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Étrûques" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscs" title="Etruscs–اکسیتان" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Etruscs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اکسیتان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskowie" title="Etruskowie–لهستانی" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Etruskowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="لهستانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586" title="ایتروسکان تمدن–پشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ایتروسکان تمدن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="پشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos–پرتغالی" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etruscos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پرتغالی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiliza%25C8%259Bia_etrusc%25C4%2583" title="Civilizația etruscă–رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Civilizația etruscă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Этруски–روسی" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Этруски" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscos" title="Etruscos–ساردینیایی" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Etruscos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ساردینیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruschi" title="Etruschi–سیسیلی" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Etruschi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="سیسیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_ceevilisation" title="Etruscan ceevilisation–اسکاتلندی" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Etruscan ceevilisation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="اسکاتلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrurci" title="Etrurci–صرب و کرواتی" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Etrurci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صرب و کرواتی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization–انگلیسی ساده" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Etruscan civilization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="انگلیسی ساده" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruskovia" title="Etruskovia–اسلواکی" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etruskovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="اسلواکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586" title="اتروسک سویلائزیشن–Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اتروسک سویلائزیشن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etru%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dani" title="Etruščani–اسلوونیایی" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Etruščani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="اسلوونیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusk%25C3%25ABt" title="Etruskët–آلبانیایی" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Etruskët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="آلبانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Етрурци–صربی" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Етрурци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="صربی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusker" title="Etrusker–سوئدی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Etrusker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سوئدی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waetruski" title="Waetruski–سواحیلی" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waetruski" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحیلی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2598%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599" title="อารยธรรมอิทรัสคัน–تایلندی" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อารยธรรมอิทรัสคัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تایلندی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabihasnang_Etrusko" title="Kabihasnang Etrusko–تاگالوگی" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabihasnang Etrusko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="تاگالوگی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etr%25C3%25BCskler" title="Etrüskler–ترکی استانبولی" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etrüskler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکی استانبولی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Етруски–اوکراینی" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Етруски" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکراینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9_%25D8%25AA%25DB%2581%25D8%25B0%25DB%258C%25D8%25A8" title="اتروسک تہذیب–اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اتروسک تہذیب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrusklar" title="Etrusklar–ازبکی" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Etrusklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبکی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruschi" title="Etruschi–Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Etruschi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C4%2583n_minh_Etrusca" title="Văn minh Etrusca–ویتنامی" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn minh Etrusca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ویتنامی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibilisasyon_Etrusko" title="Sibilisasyon Etrusko–وارایی" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sibilisasyon Etrusko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BC%258A%25E7%2589%25B9%25E9%25B2%2581%25E9%2587%258C%25E4%25BA%259A%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="伊特鲁里亚文明–وو" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊特鲁里亚文明" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598" title="ეტრუსკეფი–Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეტრუსკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BC%258A%25E7%2589%25B9%25E6%258B%2589%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%259D%258E%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="伊特拉斯坎文明–چینی" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊特拉斯坎文明" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چینی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BC%258A%25E6%25A5%259A%25E6%2596%25AF%25E8%2582%25AF%25E6%2596%2587%25E6%2598%258E" title="伊楚斯肯文明–کانتونی" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伊楚斯肯文明" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانتونی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-azb.svg" alt="ویکی‌پدیا" width="93" height="32" style="width: 5.8125em; height: 2em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">بۇ صفحه‌‌ سوْن دفعه ۱۳ مئی ۲۰۲۲، ۲۱:۳۲ تاریخینده دَییشدیریلمیشدیر.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">عکسی بللیلشدیریلمزسه، ایچینده‌کیلر <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.azb">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> لیسانسی آلتیندادیلار.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">گیزلیلیک سیاستی</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%87?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">ویکی‌پدیا-ه گؤره</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://azb-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7:%DA%AF%D8%A6%D9%86%D9%84_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">مسئولیتدن ایمتیناع</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">آیین‌نامه رفتاری</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">گئنیشلدنلر</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/azb.wikipedia.org">آمارلار</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">کوکی ایظهارنامه‌سی‌</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ایشلتمک شرطلری</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25DA%25A9%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">دسکتاپ</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-jf8rw","wgBackendResponseTime":210,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.198","walltime":"0.289","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2913,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":19877,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2165,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4716,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 260.380 1 -total"," 67.85% 176.679 1 شابلون:Infobox_former_country"," 67.48% 175.712 3 شابلون:Infobox"," 29.41% 76.573 1 شابلون:Short_description"," 23.39% 60.913 1 شابلون:ISO_3166_code"," 11.83% 30.814 4 شابلون:Main_other"," 11.78% 30.670 2 شابلون:Pagetype"," 9.67% 25.170 2 شابلون:Infobox_country/multirow"," 9.17% 23.876 1 شابلون:SDcat"," 3.18% 8.271 1 شابلون:Infobox_country/formernext"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.113","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2892145,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6c869c4f4d-h9pvx","timestamp":"20241121090433","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0631","url":"https:\/\/azb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17161","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q17161","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u0654 \u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0627"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-08-27T14:43:36Z","dateModified":"2022-05-13T21:32:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/87\/Etruscan_civilization_map.png"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('fa', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>