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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glavne_funkcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glavne_funkcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Glavne funkcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glavne_funkcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ostale_funkcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ostale_funkcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ostale funkcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ostale_funkcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Središnja banka</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 89 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notenbank" title="Notenbank – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Notenbank" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="بنك مركزي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنك مركزي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%D9%89" title="بنك مركزى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنك مركزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bancu_central" title="Bancu central – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bancu central" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_bank" title="Mərkəzi bank – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mərkəzi bank" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_sentral" title="Bangko sentral – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bangko sentral" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Централна банка – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Централна банка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংক – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যাংক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralna_banka" title="Centralna banka – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Centralna banka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc_central" title="Banc central – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Banc central" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="بانکی ناوەندی – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بانکی ناوەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centr%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_banka" title="Centrální banka – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Centrální banka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc_canolog" title="Banc canolog – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Banc canolog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralbank" title="Centralbank – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Centralbank" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralbank" title="Zentralbank – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zentralbank" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Κεντρική τράπεζα – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεντρική τράπεζα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Central bank" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centra_banko" title="Centra banko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Centra banko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_central" title="Banco central – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Banco central" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskpank" title="Keskpank – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keskpank" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banku_zentral" title="Banku zentral – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Banku zentral" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="بانک مرکزی – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بانک مرکزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskuspankki" title="Keskuspankki – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keskuspankki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque_centrale" title="Banque centrale – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Banque centrale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc_ceannais" title="Banc ceannais – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Banc ceannais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_Banki" title="Babban Banki – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Babban Banki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99" title="בנק מרכזי – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנק מרכזי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="केंद्रीय बैंक – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केंद्रीय बैंक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zponti_bank" title="Központi bank – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Központi bank" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Կենտրոնական բանկ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենտրոնական բանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_sentral" title="Bank sentral – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bank sentral" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrala_banko" title="Centrala banko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Centrala banko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%B0labanki" title="Seðlabanki – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seðlabanki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_centrale" title="Banca centrale – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Banca centrale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="中央銀行 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中央銀行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Орталық банк – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орталық банк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B" title="ធនាគារកណ្ដាល – kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ធនាគារកណ្ដាល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೇಂದ್ರಿಯ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೇಂದ್ರಿಯ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%9D%80%ED%96%89" title="중앙은행 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중앙은행" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentaria_centralis" title="Argentaria centralis – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Argentaria centralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralbank" title="Zentralbank – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zentralbank" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87" title="ທະນາຄານກາງ – laoski" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທະນາຄານກາງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrinis_bankas" title="Centrinis bankas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Centrinis bankas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centr%C4%81l%C4%81_banka" title="Centrālā banka – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Centrālā banka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="केन्द्रीय बैंक – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="केन्द्रीय बैंक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Централна банка – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Централна банка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Төв банк – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төв банк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_pusat" title="Bank pusat – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bank pusat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="केन्द्रीय बैङ्क – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="केन्द्रीय बैङ्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrale_bank" title="Centrale bank – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centrale bank" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentralbank" title="Sentralbank – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sentralbank" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentralbank" title="Sentralbank – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sentralbank" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banca_centrala" title="Banca centrala – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Banca centrala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95" title="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬੈਂਕ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬੈਂਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_centralny" title="Bank centralny – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bank centralny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="مرکزی بینک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مرکزی بینک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="مرکزي بانک – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مرکزي بانک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_central" title="Banco central – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Banco central" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banc%C4%83_central%C4%83" title="Bancă centrală – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bancă centrală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Центральный банк – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центральный банк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Киин баан – jakutski" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киин баан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralna_banka" title="Centralna banka – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Centralna banka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Central bank" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centr%C3%A1lna_banka" title="Centrálna banka – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Centrálna banka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralna_banka" title="Centralna banka – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Centralna banka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banka_qendrore" title="Banka qendrore – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Banka qendrore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Централна банка – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Централна банка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralbank" title="Centralbank – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Centralbank" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benki_kuu" title="Benki kuu – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Benki kuu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="நடுவண் வங்கி – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடுவண் வங்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" title="కేంద్ర బ్యాంకు – teluški" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కేంద్ర బ్యాంకు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Бонки марказӣ – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бонки марказӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ธนาคารกลาง – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธนาคารกลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkezi_bank" title="Merkezi bank – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Merkezi bank" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_sentral" title="Bangko sentral – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bangko sentral" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkez_bankas%C4%B1" title="Merkez bankası – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Merkez bankası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz%C3%A4k_bank" title="Üzäk bank – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Üzäk bank" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Центральний банк – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Центральний банк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="مرکزی بینک – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مرکزی بینک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markaziy_bank" title="Markaziy bank – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Markaziy bank" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%A2n_h%C3%A0ng_trung_%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Ngân hàng trung ương – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngân hàng trung ương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangko_Sentral" title="Bangko Sentral – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bangko Sentral" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中央银行 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中央银行" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="ცენტრალური ბანკი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცენტრალური ბანკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="צענטראלבאנק – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צענטראלבאנק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中央银行 – kineski" lang="zh" 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Central_bank" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q66344" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><p><b>Središnja banka</b> je središnja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monetarna_ustanova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monetarna ustanova (stranica ne postoji)">monetarna ustanova</a> u nekoj državi koja ima <a href="/wiki/Monopol" title="Monopol">monopol</a> emisije novca i <a href="/wiki/Vrijednosni_papir" title="Vrijednosni papir">vrijednosnih papira</a>. </p><p>Temeljna zadaća središnje banke je održavanje stabilnosti cijena. </p><p>Povijesno je zadaća središnje banke bila da se brine o emisiji tiskanog ("papirnatog") novca te se naročito brinula za otkup državnih vrijednosnica (tj., državnog duga) po stabilnim cijenama, te je bila pod čvrstom kontrolom <a href="/wiki/Izvr%C5%A1na_vlast" title="Izvršna vlast">izvršne vlasti</a>. Nakon uspostave sistema Federalnih rezervi u <a href="/wiki/Sjedinjene_Ameri%C4%8Dke_Dr%C5%BEave" title="Sjedinjene Američke Države">SAD</a> donošenjem Federal Reserve Act iz 1913. godine,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> postepeno postaje standard da je središnja banka neovisna od izvršne vlasti, te u većoj mjeri brine o stabilnosti cijena i financijskog sustava (tj. <a href="/wiki/Bankarstvo" title="Bankarstvo">bankarstva</a> i drugih financijskih djelatnosti), a manje o zadovoljavanju potreba državnog proračuna.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Banka_za_me%C4%91unarodna_poravnanja" title="Banka za međunarodna poravnanja">Banka za međunarodna poravnanja</a> (BIS) međunarodna je financijska institucija u vlasništvu središnjih banak koja promiče međunarodnu monetarnu i financijsku suradnju i služi kao banka središnjim bankama.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijest">Povijest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Povijest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijest"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Najstarija banka koja je uspješno ostvarila ulogu središnje banka je bila <b>Amsterdam Wisselbank</b>, koja je osnovana u Nizozemskoj 1609. godine. Ona je naveliko izdavala <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banknota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banknota (stranica ne postoji)">banknote</a>, te je u Nizozemskoj propisano da svaka transakcija veća od 600 guldena mora biti izvršena u tom sredstvu plaćanja. Umjesto kovanica, većinu bankovnih rezervi (kojima je jamčila otkup banknota) je Amsterdam Wisselbank držala u zlatnim i srebrnim polugama.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taj nizozemski model se nije osobito brzo širio: kada je 1694. godine u Londonu bila osnovana <b>Bank of England</b>, bila je ona u privatnom vlasništvu te je primarno osnovana radi financiranja državnog duga, jer ni uz visoku kamatu od 8 posto nije bilo moguće prikupiti novac za financiranje dugotrajnog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rat_velike_alijanse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rat velike alijanse (stranica ne postoji)">Rata velike alijanse</a> europskih zemalja protiv Francuske (1688. – 1697.): 1.268 bogatih potpisnika je jamčilo svojom privatnom imovinom da će biti plaćeni ratni rashodi, za preuzimanje kojega rizika su računali s visokom zaradom.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bank of England je zapravo funkcionirala s ciljem i na način kako su još od 14. stoljeća u <a href="/wiki/Italija" title="Italija">Italiji</a> funkcionirali tzv. <i>Monti di debitto publico</i>, koji su financirali potrebe državica u toj zemlji, osobito u vrijeme ratova i drugih kriza; po čijem uzoru su od od početka 15. stoljeća na području današnje Španjolske nastale tzv. <i>Taulas de canvi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zahvaljujući svojem ugledu, tijekom 18. stoljeća će Bank of England vrlo postupno preuzimati važne javne funkcije u sve moćnijem i bogatijem <a href="/wiki/Britansko_Carstvo" title="Britansko Carstvo">Britanskom Carstvu</a>, da bi tek početkom XIX. stoljeća engleski bankar i političar Henry Thornton (1760. – 1815.) svojim napisima i političkim djelovanjem postigao provođenje reformi u kojima je Bank of England preuzela zadaću da ublažava fluktuacije cijena i krize na novčarskom tržištu. Od 1844. godine je u Britanskom carstvu postala Bank of England jedina banka kojoj je bilo dozvoljeno da izdaje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banknota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banknota (stranica ne postoji)">banknote</a>, tj. pismena obećanja "da će se donosiocu ove note isplatiti" određeni iznos funti - što je objektivni začetak tiskanja papirnatog novca (tj. novca koji nema intrinzičnu vrijednost, jer se materijal iz kojega je izrađen ne može - unovčiti).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U Francuskoj osniva John Law 1716. godine <i>Banque Générale</i>, koja ispočetka uspješno financira javni dug, te od 1719. godine dobiva ime <i>Banque Royale</i>: kraljevska banka. Ona već 1720. godine bankrotira, jer je emitirala neumjereno mnogo banknota, koje nisu imale pokrića.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U Francuskoj se potom tek 1776. osniva <i>Caisse d'escompte</i>, koja 1783. godine (opet) bankrotira (nije prestala postojati, nego je objavila da nije u stanju podmirivati svoje obveze) kada kraljevska riznica nije mogla više vraćati dug.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zakonom je određeno da <i>Caisse d'escompte</i> kao glavni kreditor kraljevske riznice ne mora konvertirati svoje banknote u srebrni i zlatni novac, ali posjednici banknota mogu njima plaćati poreze i nitko ne smije odbiti da njegova tražbina umjesto u pravom (srebrnom ili zlatnom) novcu bude podmirena u tim banknotama. Skandal i financijski nered koji je izbio zbog takvog stanja je naposljetku doveo do Francuske revolucije 1789. <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> 1800. godine odlučuje osnovati <i><b>Banque de France</b></i>, koja financira skupo ratovanje u njegovo vrijeme. Napoleon i njemu bliski francuski bankari (kao i oni u kasnijem razdoblju) spretnije vode državne financije<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Napoleon je rasprodavao imovinu pokorenih država, Katoličke Crkve i raznih socijalnih bratovština, širom Europe, a prodao je Napoleon 1803. godine Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama čitavu koloniju <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisianu</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>te je <i>Banque de France</i> opstala do danas.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U SAD, osnovana je 1791. god Prva banka SAD, sa zadaćom da na bazi zlatnih depozita (rezervi) daje kredite Državi, uz izdavanje banknota. Prva banka SAD je bila osnovana na razdoblje od 20 godina, nakon čijeg proteka je prestala djelovati. Privatne banke su u SAD sada mogle same izdavati banknote, što je dovelo do financijske nestabilnosti u zemlji. Stoga je 1816. godine osnovana Druga banka SAD. Makar je ona djelovala uspješno, odlučeno je da ju se ukine jer "ugrožava američke slobode", nakon čega je od 1837. do 1844. godine zavladala SAD-om ozbiljna ekonomska kriza. </p><p>Tijekom 19. stoljeća je sustav središnje banke postupno bivao prihvaćen u raznim zemljama. Nakon što je habsburška Dvorska komora (<i>Hofkammer</i>) od 1759. godine izdavala državne obveznice za financiranje javnog duga (izvorno, uz kamatu od 5 posto godišnje), a potom su od 1862. godine izdavane u istu svrhu <i>Bancozetteln</i> (banknote), osnovana je 1816. godine Austrijska Narodna Banka (<b>Oesterreichische Nationalbank</b>). Danska dobiva nacionalnu banku 1818., Portugal 1846., Belgija 1850., Španjolska 1856., <a href="/wiki/Osmansko_Carstvo" title="Osmansko Carstvo">Osmansko carstvo</a> 1856., Rusija 1860. godine. </p><p>Privatni bankari nisu s velikom blagonaklonošću gledali na nacionalizaciju unosnog prerogativa da se izdaju banknote, te je u Švicarskoj uspostavljena nacionalna banka tek 1905. godine, a američki bankari su 1862. godine bili isposlovali da se uspostavi sustav "nacionalnih banaka" s pravom izdavanja američkog dolara - takvih je 1862. godine bilo 66, da bi se njihov broj do 1913. godine povećao na čak 7473. Naposljetku je 1913. godine uspostavljen centralizirani sustav <b>Federalnih rezervi (FED)</b> - koji pod kontrolom privatnih banaka do danas brine o emisiji američkog dolara. </p><p>Odnos između Vlade SAD i FED-a je s vremenom postao uzorom odnosa između <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izvr%C5%A1ne_vlasti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izvršne vlasti (stranica ne postoji)">izvršne vlasti</a> i središnje banke, koja u vodećim zemljama današnjeg svijeta više vodi računa o stabilnosti cijena i poslovanja novčarskog sustava, nego o potrebama financiranja javnih rashoda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glavne_funkcije">Glavne funkcije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Glavne funkcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Glavne funkcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Funkcije središnje banke uključuju: </p> <ul><li>Izdavanje novčanica</li> <li>Devizne funkcije</li> <li>Kontroliranje banaka</li> <li>Obavljanje poslova za državu</li> <li>Ostale funkcije</li></ul> <p>Središnja banka određuje kakve će <a href="/wiki/Nov%C4%8Danica" title="Novčanica">novčanice</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kovanica" title="Kovanica">kovanice</a> biti, od čega će se izrađivati, te koliko će njihova nominalna vrijednost iznositi. Ako se oštete novčanice ili kovanice, bit će prikladno zamijenjene. Većina narodnih banaka nastoji regulirati <a href="/wiki/Inflacija" title="Inflacija">inflaciju</a> i postići <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroekonomska_stabilnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makroekonomska stabilnost (stranica ne postoji)">makroekonomsku stabilnost</a>. </p><p>Središnja banka jedina ima pravo obavljati velike mjenjačke poslove. Njen je zadatak motrenje <a href="/wiki/Devizni_te%C4%8Daj" title="Devizni tečaj">deviznog tečaja</a>. Ovisno o državi, središnja banka ima pravo regulirati devizni tečaj. Kontroliranje banaka jedna je od najvažnijih funkcija središnje banke. Središnje banke najčešće propisuju određene zakone koje ostale banke moraju poštovati. Najveći dio obavljanja poslova za državu se odnosi na <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_prora%C4%8Dun" title="Državni proračun">državni proračun</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ostale_funkcije">Ostale funkcije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Ostale funkcije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ostale funkcije"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Središnja banka se nalazi kao posrednik u funkciji plaćanja i to čini s novcem, koji je zakonsko sredstvo plaćanja. Tu funkciju mora obavljati jer ostale banke unutar svog sustava sve transakcije obavljaju svojim knjiškim novcem. Središnja banka može izaći na svako tržište kao i svaka drugo poduzeće i kupovati ili prodavati <a href="/wiki/Vrijednosni_papir" title="Vrijednosni papir">vrijednosne papire</a>. Sve banke su obavezne deponirati određenu svotu novca kod središnje banke. Tim načinom se može utjecati na količinu novca u optjecaju, a samim time i na stanje <a href="/wiki/Gospodarstvo" title="Gospodarstvo">gospodarstva</a>. </p><p>Uglavnom u svim zemljama egzistira samo jedna takva banka, npr. u <a href="/wiki/RH" class="mw-redirect" title="RH">RH</a> <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_narodna_banka" title="Hrvatska narodna banka">Hrvatska narodna banka</a> (HNB), u <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> <a href="/wiki/Europska_sredi%C5%A1nja_banka" title="Europska središnja banka">Europska središnja banka</a> (ECB). No u nekim zemljama ih je više (kao npr. <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-u i <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadi</a>), ali su sve banke okupljene oko jedne središnje banke, a zajedno čine <a href="/wiki/FED" class="mw-redirect" title="FED">FED</a>, sustav federalnih pričuva. </p><p>Budući da središnje banke imaju monopol u emisiji novca, bitno je, s obzirom na razliku između nominalne vrijednosti i cijene njegove izrade, spomenuti seigniorage i naglasiti da one mogu biti i u privatnom vlasništvu. To je, na primjer, slučaj s FED-om i ECB-om. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sredi%C5%A1nja_banka&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFFED2017" class="citation web cs1">FED. 17. ožujka 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_14986.htm">Who owns the Federal Reserve?</a> (<span style="color:#555;">engleski</span>). FED<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 22. lipnja 2018.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+owns+the+Federal+Reserve%3F&rft.pub=FED&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft.au=FED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Ffaqs%2Fabout_14986.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASredi%C5%A1nja+banka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFHNB2015" class="citation web cs1">HNB. 17. studenoga 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hnb.hr/o-nama/funkcije-i-struktura/uloga">Uloga</a>. HNB<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 22. lipnja 2018.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uloga&rft.pub=HNB&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft.au=HNB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hnb.hr%2Fo-nama%2Ffunkcije-i-struktura%2Fuloga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ASredi%C5%A1nja+banka" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis.org/about/index.htm?l=2&m=1%257C1">About BIS - overview</a> BIS Pristupljeno 10. travnja 2024.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/101021/1/wp0516.pdf">"The big problem of large bills: The Bank of Amsterdam and the origins of central banking"</a>, Stephen Quinn and William Roberds, kolovoz 2005., Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft in Cooperation with: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, pristupljeno 5. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/archive/publications/history-and-functions.pdf">"The Bank of England, History and Functions"</a>, PRINTED BY GORDON CHALMERS FORTIN AT THE BANK OF ENGLAND PRINTING WORKS DEBDEN LOUGHTON ESSEX. 1970, Pristupljeno 6. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wsimag.com/it/economia-e-politica/39862-nascita-della-banca-pubblica-nel-medioevo">"Nascita della Banca pubblica nel Medioevo - I primi “Banchi” in Spagna e in Italia</a>", Francesco Ferlaino, 2018., ECONOMIA & POLITICA, Pristupljeno 5. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.34.4.195">"Retrospectives Regulating Banks versus Managing Liquidity: Jeremy Bentham and Henry Thornton in 1802"</a>, John Berdell and Thomas Mondschean, Journal of Economic Perspectives—Vol. 34, No. 4-2020., str. 195–209, Pristupljeno 5. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturebanque.com/banques/systeme-law-billets-faillite-banque-france/">"Le Système Law, première émission de billets papiers, première grande faillite bancaire en France!</a>", Nicolas Segard, "CultureBankque",13. ožujka 2013., Pristupljeno 5. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-41-02-0114">"1 November 1783 To Elias Boudinot"</a>, Benjamin Franklin, Pristupljeno 5. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/napoleons-land-grab">"Napoleon's Land Grab"</a>, Noelle Plack, History Today Volume 63 Issue 3, ožujak 2013., Pristupbljeno 7. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/economy/napolean-wars-economy.php">Napoleonic Wars and the Economy</a>", Article by Jenny Higgins. ©2009, Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web Site, Pristupljeno 7. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/10/31/the-louisiana-purchase-napoleon-sold-it-to-u-s-eager-for-money-to-wage-war-on-britain-and-a-british-bank-financed-the-sale/">"The Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon, eager for money to wage war on Britain, sold the land to U.S.–and a British bank financed the sale"</a>, Boban Docevski, "The Wintage News", 31. listopada 2017., Pristupljeno 7. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/liesse/EvolutionCreditBanksFrance.pdf">"Evolution of Credit and Banks in France",</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210607143910/https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/liesse/EvolutionCreditBanksFrance.pdf">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 7. lipnja 2021. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) Andre Liesse, "National Monetary Commission", Washington 1909., pristupljeno 7. lipnja 2021.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Središnja_banka&oldid=6908318">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Središnja_banka&oldid=6908318</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Banke" title="Kategorija:Banke">Banke</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivena kategorija: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(engleski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (engleski)">CS1 upotrebe (engleski)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 10. travnja 2024. u 21:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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