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class="jiathis jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank"></a> <a class="jiathis_counter_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" > var jiathis_config={ summary:"", shortUrl:false, hideMore:false } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://v3.jiathis.com/code/jia.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> </div> <div class="huifu"></div> </div> <div class="mess_text"> <div class="content" id="article"><div>  2021冷年收官。日前召开的2021-2022中国空调行业高峰论坛上发布的数据显示,受多重因素影响,刚刚过去的这个冷年依然是&ldquo;小年&rdquo;。业内专家指出,空调市场今后无增长或许成为常态,存量市场的稳定将依靠消费者的换新需求。具有高能效、高品质和新风功能的&ldquo;两高一新&rdquo;产品受到消费者关注,并将成为空调行业的发展趋势。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  靠换新保大盘稳定</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  国家统计局数据显示,我国空调每百户拥有量为115.6台,已经是一种普及型家电,但是从其销售特征来看,仍然是靠天吃饭的产品。中国家用电器协会秘书长王雷分析指出,今年多地暴雨,甚至发生洪涝灾害,对空调市场产生了直接的负面影响。8月份的销售旺季遭遇多地散发疫情,也使得空调这种重安装的产品遭受不小的冲击。此外,楼市调控和原材料价格波动等因素也成为空调市场增长的瓶颈。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  但是,奥维云网发布的监测数据显示,多重压力之下,空调行业表现出了一定的韧性。市场大盘仍然稳定,2021冷年国内空调市场零售量规模5035万台,同比下滑5.8%;零售额规模1598.8亿元,同比微降0.1%。&ldquo;按照中国家电协会的测算,我国空调的社会保有量为5.4亿台,国内零售市场每年大约有5000万台以上的销量,其中一大部分是换新需求带来的,也就是对社会保有量的更新,而且这些是靠存量换新需求所驱动的。&rdquo;中国家用电器协会秘书长王雷对《中国消费者报》记者表示,这是一个很了不得的事情,&ldquo;可以说,全球没有第二个这么大的更新市场了。&rdquo;</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  京东家电事业部空调采销部营销运营负责人张易茗向《中国消费者报》记者介绍说,今年以来,京东平台上空调的以旧换新额度在逐月增加,8月份在空调销售额的总体占比达到了15.1%。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  京东家电针对空调产品的用户调研结果显示,消费者购买家电更加注重科技感、设计感和体验感。具体到空调产品,健康和智能是除能效外用户最为关注的两大功能点,而这两种类型的产品不仅能够满足用户需求,还是品牌布局空调产品的核心出发点。另外,更多用户开始关注产品的外观。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  能效提升成市场主基调</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  在家电界,空调一直有着&ldquo;电老虎&rdquo;的称号。因此能效提升也一直是空调行业重要的发展方向之一。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  2020年7月1日,新版空调能效标准GB21455《房间空气调节器能效限定值及能效等级》正式实施。新标准统一采用SEER(单冷型空调器)或APF(热泵型空调器)考核空调器的能效,不再为定频空调和变频空调分别设置评价考核体系,进一步提升了各能效等级的指标要求。新标准1级能效指标已达到国际领先水平,能效准入指标比原标准提高1级,变频空调能效准入要求(3级)基本与欧盟、美国等国家和地区的准入要求相当;并将低环境温度空气源热泵热风机产品纳入标准实施范围,设置了能效限定值和能效等级要求,填补了这一类产品能效要求的空白。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  根据规定,新版空调能效标准正式实施后,空调厂商不能再生产或进口不满足新标准的空调产品。2021年7月1日之后,不满足新国标的库存空调也不允许销售。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  &ldquo;据我了解,不少企业从2019年就已经按照新标准储备开发空调产品,在2020年年初就进行了切换生产。尽管进入2020年后疫情防控成为了一项常态化工作,但是空调企业都按照标准要求,从当年7月1日开始全部生产符合新能效标准的产品,从而确保了今年7月1日起所有不满足新标准的产品停止销售。&rdquo;王雷对《中国消费者报》记者说。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  奥维云网助理总裁刘大任向《中国消费者报》记者介绍说,奥维云网的统计数据显示,2020年5月到7月是空调行业各个品牌尤其是头部品牌新品上市的高峰,&ldquo;对比空调行业这几年的上新情况,这是很罕见的。&rdquo;刘大任分析称,其原因就是由于新标准出台,而执行旧版能效标准的产品需要在一年内退市。&ldquo;数据显示,此后的几个月,新品上市数量都比较平均,直到2021年3月份之后推新的节奏才显著降低。&rdquo;</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  奥维云网数据显示,2021冷年,定频空调线上市场销量占比为8.7%,较2020冷年降低19.6%,线下市场同比下降16.3个百分点,仅3.2%,随着定频空调逐渐退市,高能效、节能型产品成为了市场主流。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  个性化需求催生细分产品</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  尽管空调行业进入市场成熟期后,大规模增长条件匮乏,但是千差万别的住房环境和复杂、多元的消费特性让个性化需求成为当下空调市场重要的换新动力,旧有的千篇一律的产品格局已经难以满足市场上不断涌现的个性化细分需求,不仅不断促进企业提升产品品质,也催生出各空调企业基于不同细分场景技术的百花齐放。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  &ldquo;郊区的新房子包括客厅在内有4个房间,空调应该怎么装呢?&rdquo;即将退休的北京消费者龚女士向《中国消费者报》记者咨询。记者发现,近一年多来,虽然受到疫情的影响,空调销售和安装都受到抑制,但是因为需要更换空调而向《中国消费者报》记者咨询的消费者并不少。他们关注的一个共同点就是全屋定制。在购买空调时,除了能效、款式和价格,他们还关心不同的房间应该购买什么功能的产品。比如有孩子和老人的家庭会关心睡眠风、无风感等产品,客厅空调则希望能和装修风格匹配等。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  如今,人们对健康理念、舒适理念的关注持续攀升,除了除菌、净化功能,对于新风空调的关注度也大幅提升。奥维云网数据显示,2021年4月份以后,线上和线下市场新风空调的市场规模都有了显著提升,尤其是线上市场,2021年4月份新风空调占比达到了2021冷年的顶峰,为1.65%,是此前高点0.77%的两倍多。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  清华大学环境学院教授张彭义认为,新风空调、净化空调、杀菌空调等技术和材料的进步,为新品类空调的开发提供了基础。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  &ldquo;我们应该珍惜这一市场资源,用创新技术、升级产品来满足消费者需求,比如像新风技术、无风感技术、洗空气技术、睡眠技术、除菌健康技术等,都是当下比较受消费者欢迎的新技术,正在成为新的消费趋势。&rdquo;王雷说。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  基于当前的行业形势,刘大任认为,2022冷年,空调市场有望止跌回升。第一,农村市场的空调每百户保有量仅为70余台,潜在市场需求仍然较大。第二,随着用户群体的不断细分,用户的聚合形态不断改变,圈层经济逐渐兴起,以Z世代为代表的年轻细分市场将逐渐撑起我国空调消费新的未来。第三,银发消费日益受到关注,适老产品需求凸显。第四,新场景应用如电梯空调、房车空调、厨房及卫浴专用空调等需求也会越来越多。这些都将为空调行业的发展带来新的增量空间。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  相关链接</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  &ldquo;双碳&rdquo;目标按下减排降碳快进键</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  &ldquo;十四五&rdquo;规划纲要提出,力争2030年前实现碳达峰,2060年前实现碳中和。&ldquo;双碳&rdquo;目标战略的提出预示着&ldquo;绿色新时代&rdquo;加速到来。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院教授滕飞向《中国消费者报》记者解释说,在&ldquo;双碳&rdquo;目标中,2030年前碳达峰的&ldquo;碳&rdquo;指的是二氧化碳,不仅包括化学能源利用产生的二氧化碳,也包括工业过程和土地利用变化产生的二氧化碳。而2060年前碳中和的&ldquo;碳&rdquo;则指的是所有的温室气体,这不仅包括了二氧化碳,也包括其他像甲烷、含氟气体等非二氧化碳的温室气体。在这样的情况下,首先是煤炭的快速退出需要从现在主体能源50%以上比重下降到5%以下,非化石能源需提高到85%以上,电力占终端能源总消费的比重需要由目前约25%提高到70%,单位GDP二氧化碳排放每年下降率要达到5%,能实现2030年前碳达峰、2060年前碳中和的要求。对于空调行业来说,一方面,为抵消终端电气化对电力需求的影响,需要继续大幅度提升包括空调在内的家电能效。另一方面,低碳和零碳建筑将是未来建筑部门的主要形态,家电及空调需要考虑怎么适应未来零碳建筑智能化和低碳化的趋势。此外,碳中和也包含了含氟气体等非二氧化碳气体,空调企业需要继续研发GWP制冷剂或不使用制冷剂的制冷技术。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  &ldquo;双碳&rdquo;目标背景下,我国还将于今年9月15日正式加入《〈蒙特利尔议定书〉基加利修正案》,这意味着中国作为全球最大的HFCs(氢氟碳化物)生产国、出口国,将对相关化学品进行管控,包括2024年冻结HFCs生产和消费。对于空调企业来说,加速R410A、R32制冷剂的消减,推动环保低碳制冷剂R290产品市场化必须提到议事日程上来。</div> <div>&nbsp;</div> <div>  对此,中国家用电器协会秘书长王雷强调,减排温室气体、应对气候变化是空调行业的责任,希望空调上下游企业能够不断积累经验,积极推动制冷剂替代工作,为环境保护、为行业的长远健康发展作出积极努力。</div></div> 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