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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">School of modern yoga</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Iyengar Yoga</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg/220px-Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg/330px-Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg/440px-Uttitha_Trikonasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="582" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Trikonasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Utthita Trikonasana">Utthita Trikonasana</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a> to assist correct alignment</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1970s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anusara_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Anusara Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Practice emphases</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Attention to detail and precise focus on body alignment often with the use of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_prop" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga prop">props</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Related schools</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Iyengar Yoga</b>, named after and developed by <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a>, and described in his bestselling<sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1966 book <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i>, is a form of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a> that has an emphasis on detail, precision and alignment in the performance of yoga postures (<a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asanas</a>). </p><p>The style often makes use of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_prop" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga prop">props</a>, such as belts, blocks, and blankets, as aids in performing the asanas. The props enable beginning students, the elderly, or those with physical limitations to perform the asanas correctly, minimising the risk of injury or strain. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain#1945-1980" title="Yoga in Britain">Yoga in Britain § 1945-1980</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg/130px-BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg/195px-BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg/260px-BKS_Iyengar_Centre_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>BKS Iyengar Centre House: <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar</a> with yoga teacher Malcolm Strutt in London, 1971. Photo by John Hills</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a> learnt yoga from <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a> at the Mysore Palace, as did <a href="/wiki/Pattabhi_Jois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattabhi Jois">Pattabhi Jois</a>; Iyengar Yoga and Jois's <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Vinyasa_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> are thus branches of the same yoga lineage, sharing many of the same asanas.<sup id="cite_ref-Beirne_2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beirne_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iyengar began teaching <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a> gradually, starting with individual pupils such as the violinist <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a>, whom he met in 1952; Menuhin's fame helped to propel Iyengar Yoga as a brand in the Western world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2016384_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2016384-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A landmark was the publication of Iyengar's bestselling<sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> book <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i> in 1966, describing over 200 asanas in "unprecedented"<sup id="cite_ref-Singleton_YJ_2014_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singleton_YJ_2014-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> detail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar1991_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar1991-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The yoga scholar <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Jain">Andrea Jain</a> called the book "arguably the most significant event in the process of elaborating the [Iyengar Yoga] brand". Jain and others have noted that the book's <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes#Biomedical_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">biomedical claims</a>, such as of toning up various organs of the body, were attractive to its audience but were stated directly without any supporting evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJain201582–83_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJain201582–83-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Authorities such as the yoga scholar <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Goldberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliott Goldberg">Elliott Goldberg</a> have described it as the bible of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">modern yoga</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PublishersWeekly_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PublishersWeekly-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the book has sold over three million copies, and has been translated into at least 23 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-WashPost_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashPost-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stukin2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stukin2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iyengar Yoga became an institution with the 1975 founding of the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute in Pune, named in memory of his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2016384_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2016384-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further major step was the founding of the first of many institutes abroad, the Iyengar Yoga Institute (IYI) in <a href="/wiki/Maida_Vale" title="Maida Vale">Maida Vale</a>, London, in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2016384_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2016384-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old IYI building was replaced in 1994, and the new one was officially opened by Iyengar in person in 1997. Iyengar Yoga had however been taught in London before that, in <a href="/wiki/Evening_classes" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening classes">evening classes</a> run by the <a href="/wiki/Inner_London_Education_Authority" title="Inner London Education Authority">Inner London Education Authority</a> starting in 1968. From the start, Iyengar personally assessed the <a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">quality of the teaching</a> every year.<sup id="cite_ref-Redfern_2017_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redfern_2017-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Iyengar Yoga Institute in America was founded in San Francisco in 1976 by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Dunn_(yoga)" title="Mary Dunn (yoga)">Mary Dunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Hanson_Lasater" title="Judith Hanson Lasater">Judith Lasater</a>, and others; Iyengar visited the area that year.<sup id="cite_ref-IYISF_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYISF-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further Iyengar Yoga Institutes have been opened in 1984 in Los Angeles,<sup id="cite_ref-IYILA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYILA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1987 in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IYAGNY_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYAGNY-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National Iyengar Yoga Associations have been created in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, Chile, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Mexico, Poland, Russia, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-IYNAUS_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYNAUS-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg/170px-Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg/255px-Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg/340px-Schulterstand-mit-stuhl-iyengar-yoga-2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2818" data-file-height="4593" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">Sarvangasana</a> with a chair, belt, blanket and bolster in a <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">therapeutic use of yoga</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Iyengar Yoga is a form of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a> with a focus on the structural alignment of the physical body through the practice of <a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">asanas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It differs from other styles of yoga in three ways: precision, sequence and use of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_prop" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga prop">props</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Precision is sought in body alignment in every asana.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The sequences in which asanas are practiced is considered important in achieving the desired result.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iyengar Yoga led the use of props, designing suitable means to assist practitioners.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>According to the Iyengar Yoga Institute, unlike more experiential approaches where students are encouraged to independently "find their way" to the asanas by imitating the teacher, an Iyengar Yoga class is precise, with misalignments and errors actively explained and corrected.<sup id="cite_ref-IYI_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYI-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It states that the style "emphasises precision and alignment",<sup id="cite_ref-IYI_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYI-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and prioritises correct movement over quantity, i.e. moving a small amount in the right direction is preferred to moving more but in other directions. Postures are held for a relatively long period of time compared to other schools of yoga; this allows the muscles to relax and lengthen, and encourages awareness in the pose. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_prop" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga prop">Props</a> including belts, blocks and blankets are freely used to assist students in correct working in the asanas.<sup id="cite_ref-IYI_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYI-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Beirne_2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beirne_2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> writes that Iyengar Yoga is characterized by great attention to detail and precise focus on body alignment. Iyengar pioneered the use of "props" such as cushions, benches, blocks, straps and sand bags, which function as aids allowing beginners to experience asanas more easily and fully than might otherwise be possible without several years of practice. Props also allow elderly, injured, tired or ill students to experience the benefits of a wider variety of asanas via fully "supported" methods requiring less muscular effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg_2014_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg_2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg/220px-Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg/330px-Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg/440px-Eyal_Shifroni_in_Vasisthasana_with_props.jpg 2x" data-file-width="873" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vasisthasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasisthasana">Vasisthasana</a> using props</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i> notes that in contrast to other styles, beginners in Iyengar Yoga are introduced early on to <a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">standing poses</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Virabhadrasana</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehtaMehtaMehta199017-48_Standing_Poses_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehtaMehtaMehta199017-48_Standing_Poses-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> executed with careful attention to detail. For example, in Trikonasana, the feet are often jumped apart to a wide stance, the forward foot is turned out, and the centre of the forward heel is exactly aligned with the centre of the arch of the other foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2007_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2007-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> writes that Iyengar Yoga is distinctive in its diversity of sequencing and choice of asanas. This, suggests Carrie Owerko, an Iyengar Yoga teacher, helps reduce injury. Owerko states that the style emphasises the <a href="/wiki/Inversion_asanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Inversion asanas">inversion poses</a>, headstand (<a href="/wiki/Sirsasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirsasana">Sirsasana</a>) and shoulderstand (<a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">Sarvangasana</a>), more than other styles, "insist[ing] on a yoga blanket to prevent overstretching of the neck area".<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2014_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Owerko's words, "Iyengar yoga is very cautious and mindful."<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_2014_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dunn stated that "People have incorrectly pigeonholed Iyengar Yoga into 'alignment, technique, props' rather than 'learning, experiencing, integrating'—which I think are the real words".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider200353_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200353-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Training,_certification,_and_standards"><span id="Training.2C_certification.2C_and_standards"></span>Training, certification, and standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Training, certification, and standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until 2019, Iyengar teachers had to complete at least two years of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">yoga teacher training</a> for the introductory certificate, with additional assessments for intermediate and senior levels of certification, potentially entailing a decade or more of training. The system was replaced from 2019, with a requirement for at least six years of practice, including three years of mentoring, before assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Practitioners in the West can attend the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Institute (RIMYI) in <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, Maharashtra, India once they have practised yoga for eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "Protocol" governs attendance at the Pune institute.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, the Iyengar National Association of the United States decertified one of its most senior teachers, Manouso Manos, for repeated sexual assaults, and updated its ethics standards based on the <a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyamas</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i> as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-IYNAUSEthics_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYNAUSEthics-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KQEDArticle_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KQEDArticle-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndependentInvestigationSummary_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndependentInvestigationSummary-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IYNAUSProgressReport_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IYNAUSProgressReport-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patanjali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Patanjali.jpg/150px-Patanjali.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Patanjali.jpg/225px-Patanjali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Patanjali.jpg/300px-Patanjali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>A statue of <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a>, author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Sutras">Yoga Sutras</a></i>, as <a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Adi Shesa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nagaraja" title="Nagaraja">serpent god</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invocation_to_Patanjali">Invocation to Patanjali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Invocation to Patanjali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iyengar Yoga (like Iyengar's <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar19919_(Prayer)_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar19919_(Prayer)-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) has the following invocation to <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Invocation_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Invocation-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a></th> <th>Translation<sup id="cite_ref-Invocation_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Invocation-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>योगेन चित्तस्य पदेन वाचां।<br />मलं शरीरस्य च वैद्यकेन॥<br />योऽपाकरोत्तं प्रवरं मुनीनां।<br />पतञ्जलिं प्राञ्जलिरानतोऽस्मि॥</td> <td>yogena cittasya padena vācāṁ<br /> malaṁ śarīrasya ca vaidyakena<br />yo'pākarottaṁ pravaraṁ munīnāṁ<br />patañjaliṁ prāñjalirānato'smi</td> <td>Let us bow before the noblest of sages <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a>,<br />who gave <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> for serenity and sanctity of mind,<br /><a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> for clarity and purity of speech,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> for perfection of health. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The yoga scholar <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Newcombe" title="Suzanne Newcombe">Suzanne Newcombe</a> notes that despite the references to Patanjali, Iyengar did not ask students to adopt any set of beliefs. She describes Iyengar as trying to "teach an embodied experience of <a href="/wiki/Dharana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharana">concentration</a> and unity of body, breath, mind and soul", focussing on "asana while teaching a method accessing <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_(eight_limbs_of_yoga)" title="Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)">all the different aspects of yoga</a> within this single limb."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcombe2019236-243_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcombe2019236-243-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i> – book by Mira and Shyam Mehta of the London Iyengar Yoga Institute</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a> - promoted by <a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WashPost-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WashPost_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2014" class="citation news cs1">George, Nirmala (23 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/obituary-bks-iyengar-95-was-known-worldwide-as-creator-of-iyengar-yoga/2014/08/22/fe0f4548-28b5-11e4-86ca-6f03cbd15c1a_story.html?noredirect=on">"Obituary: B.K.S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iyengar+Yoga+Institute+of+Los+Angeles%3A+About+IYILA&rft.pub=IYILA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiyila.org%2Finstitute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2014_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2014_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_2014_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker-Pope2014" class="citation news cs1">Parker-Pope, Tara (20 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/what-is-so-special-about-iyengar-yoga/">"What Is So Special About Iyengar Yoga?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Is+So+Special+About+Iyengar+Yoga%3F&rft.date=2014-08-20&rft.aulast=Parker-Pope&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwell.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F08%2F20%2Fwhat-is-so-special-about-iyengar-yoga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IYAGNY-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IYAGNY_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iyengarnyc.org/iyengar-yoga/iyagny-info/">"Our Mission"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iyengar+Yoga+Links&rft.pub=Iyengar+Yoga+National+Association+of+the+United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiynaus.org%2Fiyengar-yoga-links&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAQ-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bksiyengar.com/modules/FAQ/faq.htm">"Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about Iyengar Yoga"</a>. B.K.S. Iyengar Yoga<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions+%28FAQs%29+about+Iyengar+Yoga&rft.pub=B.K.S.+Iyengar+Yoga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bksiyengar.com%2Fmodules%2FFAQ%2Ffaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IYI-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IYI_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IYI_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IYI_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iymv.org/why-iyengar-yoga/">"Why Iyengar Yoga?"</a>. London: Iyengar Yoga Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Iyengar+Yoga%3F&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Iyengar+Yoga+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiymv.org%2Fwhy-iyengar-yoga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMehtaMehtaMehta199017-48_Standing_Poses-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMehtaMehtaMehta199017-48_Standing_Poses_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMehtaMehtaMehta1990">Mehta, Mehta & Mehta 1990</a>, pp. 17-48 Standing Poses.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_2007-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2007_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_Todd2017" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Todd (13 April 2017) [2007]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/practice/the-right-triangle">"Illustrate Different Yoga Methods with Trikonasana"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Illustrate+Different+Yoga+Methods+with+Trikonasana&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2017-04-13&rft.au=Jones%2C+Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fpractice%2Fthe-right-triangle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200353-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider200353_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneider2003">Schneider 2003</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/iy-uk/teacher-training/">"Teacher Training"</a>. Iyengar Yoga (UK)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teacher+Training&rft.pub=Iyengar+Yoga+%28UK%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiyengaryoga.org.uk%2Fiy-uk%2Fteacher-training%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/iyengar-yoga/pune-institute/">"The Pune Institute"</a>. Iyengar Yoga (UK)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pune+Institute&rft.pub=Iyengar+Yoga+%28UK%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiyengaryoga.org.uk%2Fiyengar-yoga%2Fpune-institute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016133930/https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/rimyi-protocol.pdf">"Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute Protocol"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Iyengar Yoga (UK). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/rimyi-protocol.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ramamani+Iyengar+Memorial+Yoga+Institute+Protocol&rft.pub=Iyengar+Yoga+%28UK%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiyengaryoga.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F08%2Frimyi-protocol.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IYNAUSEthics-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IYNAUSEthics_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iynaus.org/ethical-standards-and-considerations">"Ethical Standards and Considerations"</a>. IYNAUS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethical+Standards+and+Considerations&rft.pub=IYNAUS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiynaus.org%2Fethical-standards-and-considerations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KQEDArticle-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KQEDArticle_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitsinger2019" class="citation web cs1">Leitsinger, Miranda (9 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kqed.org/news/11738739/sexual-assault-allegations-proven-to-be-true-against-famed-s-f-yoga-teacher">"Sexual Assault Allegations Proven To Be True Against Fame S.F. Teacher"</a>. KQED<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sexual+Assault+Allegations+Proven+To+Be+True+Against+Fame+S.F.+Teacher&rft.pub=KQED&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.aulast=Leitsinger&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kqed.org%2Fnews%2F11738739%2Fsexual-assault-allegations-proven-to-be-true-against-famed-s-f-yoga-teacher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndependentInvestigationSummary-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndependentInvestigationSummary_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iynaus.org/sites/default/files/redacted_executive_summary_of_the_report_of_investigation_of_manouso_manos_-_march_25_2019_redacted.pdf">"Ms. Sargeant's Executive Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IYNAUS. 25 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ms.+Sargeant%27s+Executive+Summary&rft.pub=IYNAUS&rft.date=2019-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiynaus.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fredacted_executive_summary_of_the_report_of_investigation_of_manouso_manos_-_march_25_2019_redacted.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IYNAUSProgressReport-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IYNAUSProgressReport_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIYNAUS_Board_of_Directors2019" class="citation web cs1">IYNAUS Board of Directors (6 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_yeDOBYgzQMUGtIdy1PQ1N5YTltVUhCY1hIcVIzR2JJRS1N/view?usp=sharing">"Progress Report on Prevention of Verbal, Sexual, and Other Physical Abuses"</a>. IYNAUS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progress+Report+on+Prevention+of+Verbal%2C+Sexual%2C+and+Other+Physical+Abuses&rft.pub=IYNAUS&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft.au=IYNAUS+Board+of+Directors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0B_yeDOBYgzQMUGtIdy1PQ1N5YTltVUhCY1hIcVIzR2JJRS1N%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyengar19919_(Prayer)-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyengar19919_(Prayer)_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIyengar1991">Iyengar 1991</a>, p. 9 (Prayer).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Invocation-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Invocation_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Invocation_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iyengaryoga.org.uk/resources/sounds/">"Invocation to Patanjali"</a>. Iyengar Yoga (UK)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Invocation+to+Patanjali&rft.pub=Iyengar+Yoga+%28UK%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiyengaryoga.org.uk%2Fresources%2Fsounds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewcombe2019236-243-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewcombe2019236-243_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewcombe2019">Newcombe 2019</a>, p. 236-243.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Goldberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliott Goldberg">Goldberg, Elliott</a> (2016). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a> : the history of an embodied spiritual practice</i>. <a href="/wiki/Inner_Traditions_%E2%80%93_Bear_%26_Company" title="Inner Traditions – Bear & Company">Inner Traditions</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-567-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-567-5"><bdi>978-1-62055-567-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/926062252">926062252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Path+of+Modern+Yoga+%3A+the+history+of+an+embodied+spiritual+practice&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F926062252&rft.isbn=978-1-62055-567-5&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIyengar1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Iyengar, B. K. S.</a> (1991) [1966]. <i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Thorsons" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorsons">Thorsons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1855381667" title="Special:BookSources/978-1855381667"><bdi>978-1855381667</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+on+Yoga%3A+Yoga+Dipika&rft.pub=Thorsons&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1855381667&rft.aulast=Iyengar&rft.aufirst=B.+K.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrea Jain">Jain, Andrea</a> (2015). <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a> : from Counterculture to Pop Culture</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939024-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-939024-3"><bdi>978-0-19-939024-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/878953765">878953765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Yoga+%3A+from+Counterculture+to+Pop+Culture&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F878953765&rft.isbn=978-0-19-939024-3&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehtaMehtaMehta1990" class="citation book cs1">Mehta, Silva; Mehta, Mira; Mehta, Shyam (1990). <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga:_The_Iyengar_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga: The Iyengar Way">Yoga: The Iyengar Way</a></i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Dorling-Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling-Kindersley">Dorling-Kindersley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-72287-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-72287-4"><bdi>0-679-72287-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga%3A+The+Iyengar+Way&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dorling-Kindersley&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-679-72287-4&rft.aulast=Mehta&rft.aufirst=Silva&rft.au=Mehta%2C+Mira&rft.au=Mehta%2C+Shyam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewcombe2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Newcombe" title="Suzanne Newcombe">Newcombe, Suzanne</a> (2019). <i>Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis</i>. Bristol, England: <a href="/wiki/Equinox_Publishing_(Sheffield)" title="Equinox Publishing (Sheffield)">Equinox Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78179-661-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78179-661-0"><bdi>978-1-78179-661-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+in+Britain%3A+Stretching+Spirituality+and+Educating+Yogis&rft.place=Bristol%2C+England&rft.pub=Equinox+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-78179-661-0&rft.aulast=Newcombe&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2003" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, Carrie (2003). <i>American Yoga : The paths and practices of America's greatest yoga masters</i>. <a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0760745588" title="Special:BookSources/978-0760745588"><bdi>978-0760745588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Yoga+%3A+The+paths+and+practices+of+America%27s+greatest+yoga+masters&rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0760745588&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIyengar+Yoga" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/highlights/010116_iyengar.shtml">BBC World Service article and programme</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Tully" title="Mark Tully">Mark Tully</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/headlines/ci_11757160">Denver Post article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jackcuneo.com/loyp-gallery/">The <i>Light on Yoga</i> Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216053640/https://www.jackcuneo.com/loyp-gallery">Archived</a> 2021-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (photographs of all the poses in the book)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga_as_exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asanas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asanas" title="Template talk:Asanas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asanas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asanas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriya</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vinyasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyasa">Vinyasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Yoga as therapy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Backbend#Asanas" title="Backbend">Backbends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjaneyasana" title="Anjaneyasana">Anjaneyasana (crescent moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidalasana" title="Bidalasana">Bidalasana (cat)/Bitilasana (cow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana (cobra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrasana" title="Chakrasana">Chakrasana (wheel) or Urdhva Dhanurasana (upward bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Dandasana" title="Viparita Dandasana">Viparita Dandasana (inverted staff)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapotasana" title="Kapotasana">Kapotasana (pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eka_Pada_Rajakapotasana" title="Eka Pada Rajakapotasana">Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (king pigeon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustrasana" title="Ustrasana">Ushtrasana (camel)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapala_Asana_(headstand)_from_Jogapradipika_1830_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830"><img alt="Kapala Asana (headstand) in Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/60px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Kapala_Asana_%28headstand%29_from_Jogapradipika_1830_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="119" data-file-height="274" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arm balances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astavakrasana" title="Astavakrasana">Ashtavakrasana (8-angled)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana (crane) or Kakasana (crow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koundinyasana" title="Koundinyasana">Koundinyasana (the sage Kaundinya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana (cockerel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana (peacock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana (firefly)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inverted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Adho Mukha Svanasana (downward dog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrkshasana (handstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana (plough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">Sarvangasana (shoulderstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (bridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana (headstand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani (legs up the wall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrischikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrischikasana">Vrischikasana (scorpion)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reclining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantasana" title="Anantasana">Anantasana (Vishnu's couch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_Namaskara" title="Ashtanga Namaskara">Ashtanga Namaskara (eight-limbed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhekasana" title="Bhekasana">Bhekasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturanga_Dandasana" title="Chaturanga Dandasana">Chaturanga Dandasana (low plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana (bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathara_Parivartanasana" title="Jathara Parivartanasana">Jathara Parivartanasana (belly twist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana (crocodile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana (fish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salabhasana" title="Salabhasana">Shalabhasana (locust)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana">Shavasana (corpse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasishtasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasishtasana">Vasishtasana (side plank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoganidrasana" title="Yoganidrasana">Yoganidrasana (yogic sleep)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sitting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meditation_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Meditation seat">Meditation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana (cobbler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana (cow face)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana (cowherd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana (lotus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana (accomplished)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana (lion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana (thunderbolt)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharadvajasana" title="Bharadvajasana">Bharadvajasana (the sage Bharadvaja)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marichyasana" title="Marichyasana">Marichyasana (the sage Marichi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana (the sage Matsyendra, lord of the fishes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasasana" title="Pasasana">Pashasana (noose)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana (shooting bow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasana" title="Balasana">Balasana (child)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbha_Pindasana" title="Garbha Pindasana">Garbha Pindasana (embryo in womb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumanasana" title="Hanumanasana">Hanumanasana (monkey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana (heron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana (tortoise)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malasana" title="Malasana">Malasana (garland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana (frog)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulabandhasana" title="Mulabandhasana">Mulabandhasana (root lock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana (seated forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_(gymnastics)" title="Split (gymnastics)">Samakonasana (split)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana (hero)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both legs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parighasana" title="Parighasana">Parighasana (gate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parshvottanasana" title="Parshvottanasana">Parshvottanasana (intense side stretch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasarita_Padottanasana" title="Prasarita Padottanasana">Prasarita Padottanasana (wide stance forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadasana" title="Tadasana">Tadasana (mountain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trikonasana" title="Trikonasana">Trikonasana (triangle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana (powerful)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttanasana" title="Uttanasana">Uttanasana (standing forward bend)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Parshvakonasana" title="Utthita Parshvakonasana">Utthita Parshvakonasana (sideways)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Virabhadrasana (warrior)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One leg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardha_chandrasana" title="Ardha chandrasana">Ardha Chandrasana (half moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana (the sage Durvasa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana (eagle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natarajasana" title="Natarajasana">Natarajasana (lord of the dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utthita_Padangusthasana" title="Utthita Padangusthasana">Utthita Padangusthasana (standing big toe hold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vriksasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vriksasana">Vrikshasana (tree)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&oldid=1246826489">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iyengar_Yoga&oldid=1246826489</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a 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