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type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy","name":"Economy"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy","name":"Policy"},"position":2}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3285145/chinas-top-legislative-body-reviews-debt-swap-plan-markets-await-stimulus-news","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","ReportageNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"In stimulus signal, China’s top legislature mulls debt swap plan on first day","articleBody":"China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions expected to be taken this week to reduce fiscal risks and shore up the national economy.\nFinance minister Lan Foan delivered the proposal – an increase to the local government debt quota that would then be used to convert implicit liabilities – to the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.\nThe committee’s activities are being closely watched by markets and analysts in anticipation of a blockbuster fiscal stimulus package, with estimates of its ultimate scale ranging from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.76 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan.\nThe legislative body convened on Monday for a week-long session scheduled to conclude Friday.\n“It’s a matter of sooner or later for local debt swaps, regardless of what happens in the US [presidential] election,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management.\n“Other measures are possibly on the way,” he added. “In terms of the magnitude of new policy, particularly fiscal policy next year, it may be contingent on who becomes the next US President and the likelihood of a trade war.”\n\n\nSome analysts have tied the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election to the volume of a fiscal stimulus package, with a victory for former president Donald Trump envisioned to prompt greater spending in response to potential tariff increases.\nTheir estimates suggest the scale of such a package would be around 10 to 20 per cent bigger in the event of a victory for Republican Party nominee Trump, compared to what would be implemented if current Vice-President and Democratic Party nominee Kamala Harris wins a White House term.\nAlthough the committee has yet to mention treasury bonds or special treasury bonds on Monday – two items that would indicate increases in incremental funding for construction – analysts at Huatai Securities said more could be in the pipeline.\n“Details of local debt swaps could be released on November 8, the last day of the NPC meeting,” they wrote in a note.\n“If new debt is approved, this means a higher macro leverage ratio,” said Su Yue, principal economist for China at the Economist Intelligence Unit.\n“It looks like the strategy is to maintain the leverage ratio while keeping ample liquidity for local governments,” she said, adding she expected approval for ultra-long bonds to be finalised at the annual legislative session in March.\n\n\nMore fiscal support has been predicted after a round of monetary easing was announced by China’s central bank in late September, launching a series of stimulus measures from numerous state agencies.\nThe flurry of action comes as Beijing attempts to counteract numerous economic challenges, including a struggling property market, weak investor and consumer confidence and rapid shifts in the trade environment.\nLast week, during a meeting at the Central Party School – the Communist Party’s top institution for ideological training – President Xi Jinping implored provincial leaders to achieve this year’s gross domestic product growth target of around 5 per cent, after a lower-than-expected 4.8 per cent was reported from January to September.\nThe legislative committee is likely to approve an additional 1.5 trillion yuan to 2.5 trillion yuan in treasury bonds at this session, central bank policy adviser Wang Yiming said last week.\nBudgeted local liabilities totalled 44.7 trillion yuan as of the end of September, according to data from the Ministry of Finance.\nBeijing did not reveal a projection for the size of the country’s “hidden debt”, more obscure liabilities often held by local government financing vehicles, state-owned enterprises or within public-private partnerships.\nIt’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy\nLarry Hu, Macquarie Capital\nUnofficial tallies have placed the figure in the trillions of yuan. Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Guangzhou-based Yuekai Securities, estimated China’s hidden debt at around 32.2 trillion yuan in a June research note.\nLocal debt swaps, first mentioned by the finance minister at a press conference on October 12, are a tool intended to mitigate the fiscal risks constraining many of China’s localities. They are often counted as an element of fiscal stimulus.\nBeijing first made use of these swaps in 2015, when the authorities offered batches of low-interest, higher transparency bonds for localities to buy using their comparatively volatile assets.\nNew government debts to be raised next year – including treasury bonds, local special-purpose bonds and off-budget debt sales – could surpass 12 trillion yuan, Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said at an event last month.\nLarry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicted stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s GDP growth target while mitigating tail risks.\n“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” Hu said.\n","articleSection":"Policy","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Frank Tang","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/frank-tang"},"dateCreated":"2024-11-04T18:29:03+08:00","dateModified":"2024-11-08T14:55:10+08:00","datePublished":"2024-11-04T18:29:06+08:00","description":"China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions ","genre":"Economy","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".paywalled-content","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"In stimulus signal, China’s top legislature mulls debt swap plan on first 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data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">China’s economic stimulus</a></div><div class=" er6t7fe20 css-1xdhyk6 e1047c925" data-qa="ArticleSections-SectionContainer"><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Economy</span><span data-qa="ArticleSections-render-SectionTagsSpacer" class="css-176a798 e1047c920"></span></a><a target="_self" class="e1047c923 css-1b6i0hn e1llv60l0" href="/economy/policy?module=breadcrumb&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span>Policy</span></a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Headline" class="css-hdf8vf ea45u6l21"><h1 class="er6t7fe5 css-1u8qly9 e298i0d3" data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">In stimulus signal, China’s top legislature mulls debt swap plan on first day</span></h1></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SubHeadline" 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href="/author/ji-siqi" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Ji Siqi</a><span data-qa="AuthorNames-renderLocations-AuthorLocation" class="css-1sn2av9 eybiz6w0">in Beijing</span></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe27 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-11-04T10:29:06.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: 6:29pm, 4 Nov 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-11-08T06:55:10.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: 2:55pm, 8 Nov 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3284808/chinas-top-lawmakers-gather-whats-store-economy?module=top_story&pgtype=section?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">expected to be taken this week</span></a> to reduce fiscal risks and shore up the national economy.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Finance minister Lan Foan delivered the proposal – an increase to the local government debt quota that would then be used to convert implicit liabilities – to the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.</p><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">The committee’s activities are being <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3284337/investors-await-chinas-npc-meeting-catalysts-sustain-us4-trillion-stock-rally?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">closely watched by markets</span></a> and analysts in anticipation of a blockbuster fiscal stimulus package, with estimates of its ultimate scale ranging from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.76 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan.</div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">The legislative body convened on Monday for a week-long session scheduled to conclude Friday.</p><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“It’s a matter of sooner or later for local debt swaps, regardless of what happens in the US [presidential] election,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management.</p><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">“Other measures are possibly on the way,” he added. “In terms of the magnitude of new policy, particularly fiscal policy next year, it may be contingent on who becomes the next US President and the likelihood of a trade war.”</p></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe22 piano-metering__paywall-container css-1e938sv e1x97qwg1" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Container"><div data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-LoadingContainer" class="css-hu4lls e1x97qwg2"><div class="css-1px2vm1 e1hb2u5e0" data-qa="Loading-CenteredContainer"><img aria-label="loading" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="eager" src="https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/_next/static/media/wheel-on-gray.af4a55f9.gif" class="css-o105sx e445x7d0"/></div></div><div class="article-view__piano-metering css-16o2qwc 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styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleArticle on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n 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images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleArticle on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n 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top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"China’s top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive"}]}]},"body":{"text":"China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions expected to be taken this week to reduce fiscal risks and shore up the national economy.\nFinance minister Lan Foan delivered the proposal – an increase to the local government debt quota that would then be used to convert implicit liabilities – to the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.\nThe committee’s activities are being closely watched by markets and analysts in anticipation of a blockbuster fiscal stimulus package, with estimates of its ultimate scale ranging from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.76 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan.\nThe legislative body convened on Monday for a week-long session scheduled to conclude Friday.\n“It’s a matter of sooner or later for local debt swaps, regardless of what happens in the US [presidential] election,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management.\n“Other measures are possibly on the way,” he added. “In terms of the magnitude of new policy, particularly fiscal policy next year, it may be contingent on who becomes the next US President and the likelihood of a trade war.”\n\n\nSome analysts have tied the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election to the volume of a fiscal stimulus package, with a victory for former president Donald Trump envisioned to prompt greater spending in response to potential tariff increases.\nTheir estimates suggest the scale of such a package would be around 10 to 20 per cent bigger in the event of a victory for Republican Party nominee Trump, compared to what would be implemented if current Vice-President and Democratic Party nominee Kamala Harris wins a White House term.\nAlthough the committee has yet to mention treasury bonds or special treasury bonds on Monday – two items that would indicate increases in incremental funding for construction – analysts at Huatai Securities said more could be in the pipeline.\n“Details of local debt swaps could be released on November 8, the last day of the NPC meeting,” they wrote in a note.\n“If new debt is approved, this means a higher macro leverage ratio,” said Su Yue, principal economist for China at the Economist Intelligence Unit.\n“It looks like the strategy is to maintain the leverage ratio while keeping ample liquidity for local governments,” she said, adding she expected approval for ultra-long bonds to be finalised at the annual legislative session in March.\n\n\nMore fiscal support has been predicted after a round of monetary easing was announced by China’s central bank in late September, launching a series of stimulus measures from numerous state agencies.\nThe flurry of action comes as Beijing attempts to counteract numerous economic challenges, including a struggling property market, weak investor and consumer confidence and rapid shifts in the trade environment.\nLast week, during a meeting at the Central Party School – the Communist Party’s top institution for ideological training – President Xi Jinping implored provincial leaders to achieve this year’s gross domestic product growth target of around 5 per cent, after a lower-than-expected 4.8 per cent was reported from January to September.\nThe legislative committee is likely to approve an additional 1.5 trillion yuan to 2.5 trillion yuan in treasury bonds at this session, central bank policy adviser Wang Yiming said last week.\nBudgeted local liabilities totalled 44.7 trillion yuan as of the end of September, according to data from the Ministry of Finance.\nBeijing did not reveal a projection for the size of the country’s “hidden debt”, more obscure liabilities often held by local government financing vehicles, state-owned enterprises or within public-private partnerships.\nIt’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy\nLarry Hu, Macquarie Capital\nUnofficial tallies have placed the figure in the trillions of yuan. Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Guangzhou-based Yuekai Securities, estimated China’s hidden debt at around 32.2 trillion yuan in a June research note.\nLocal debt swaps, first mentioned by the finance minister at a press conference on October 12, are a tool intended to mitigate the fiscal risks constraining many of China’s localities. They are often counted as an element of fiscal stimulus.\nBeijing first made use of these swaps in 2015, when the authorities offered batches of low-interest, higher transparency bonds for localities to buy using their comparatively volatile assets.\nNew government debts to be raised next year – including treasury bonds, local special-purpose bonds and off-budget debt sales – could surpass 12 trillion yuan, Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said at an event last month.\nLarry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicted stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s GDP growth target while mitigating tail risks.\n“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” Hu said.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3284808/chinas-top-lawmakers-gather-whats-store-economy?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"6a81e1e5-c593-4cff-bf3c-f3d33b7eae4f","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"expected to be taken this week"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to reduce fiscal risks and shore up the national economy."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Finance minister Lan Foan delivered the proposal – an increase to the local government debt quota that would then be used to convert implicit liabilities – to the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, the official Xinhua News Agency reported."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The committee’s activities are being "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3284337/investors-await-chinas-npc-meeting-catalysts-sustain-us4-trillion-stock-rally","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"354d8962-9a91-44ee-8771-e46420c46ffa","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"closely watched by markets"}]},{"type":"text","data":" and analysts in anticipation of a blockbuster fiscal stimulus package, with estimates of its ultimate scale ranging from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.76 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The legislative body convened on Monday for a week-long session scheduled to conclude Friday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s a matter of sooner or later for local debt swaps, regardless of what happens in the US [presidential] election,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Other measures are possibly on the way,” he added. “In terms of the magnitude of new policy, particularly fiscal policy next year, it may be contingent on who becomes the next US President and the likelihood of a trade war.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/18aSUinCCts?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"Harris vs Trump: What’s at stake for China in the upcoming US election?","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/31/trump-harris-clean-2.jpg?itok=hntsuHIf","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/31/trump-harris-clean-2.jpg?itok=FNr7dAMA","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/31/trump-harris-clean-2.jpg","data-duration":"06:34","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3284642","data-youtube-id":"18aSUinCCts"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Some analysts have tied the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election to the volume of a fiscal stimulus package, with a victory for former president Donald Trump envisioned to prompt greater spending in response to "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3284577/chinas-tech-factories-will-be-target-harris-or-trump-it-too-late-matter?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"867f3724-db8b-4058-9227-e7e66e4fa1e4","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"potential tariff increases"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Their estimates suggest the scale of such a package would be around 10 to 20 per cent bigger in the event of a victory for Republican Party nominee Trump, compared to what would be implemented if current Vice-President and Democratic Party nominee Kamala Harris wins a White House term."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Although the committee has yet to mention treasury bonds or special treasury bonds on Monday – two items that would indicate increases in incremental funding for construction – analysts at Huatai Securities said more could be in the pipeline."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Details of local debt swaps could be released on November 8, the last day of the NPC meeting,” they wrote in a note."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“If new debt is approved, this means a higher macro leverage ratio,” said Su Yue, principal economist for China at the Economist Intelligence Unit."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It looks like the strategy is to maintain the leverage ratio while keeping ample liquidity for local governments,” she said, adding she expected approval for ultra-long bonds to be finalised at the annual legislative session in March."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"title":"China's GDP growth, quarterly","aria-label":"Interactive line chart","id":"datawrapper-chart-cL8XD","src":"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/cL8XD/17/","scrolling":"no","frameborder":"0","style":"width: 0; 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Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Guangzhou-based Yuekai Securities, estimated China’s hidden debt at around 32.2 trillion yuan in a June research note."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Local debt swaps, first mentioned by the finance minister at a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3282090/chinas-finance-ministry-holds-press-conference-markets-hope-fiscal-lift","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"41997915-241d-4d4e-a1a2-2cd22b8cc0be","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"press conference on October 12"}]},{"type":"text","data":", are a tool intended to mitigate the fiscal risks constraining many of China’s localities. They are often counted as an element of fiscal stimulus."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Beijing first made use of these swaps in 2015, when the authorities offered batches of low-interest, higher transparency bonds for localities to buy using their comparatively volatile assets."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"New government debts to be raised next year – including treasury bonds, local special-purpose bonds and off-budget debt sales – could surpass 12 trillion yuan, Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3283240/china-could-tap-12-trillion-yuan-new-debt-stimulus-2025-economist-says","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"40eaec09-bf33-44fb-a9ef-9c3f65ea48c0","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"said at an event last month"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicted stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s GDP growth target while mitigating tail risks."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” Hu said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["China debt, China GDP, China economy, China's economic recovery, markets, local debt, fiscal stimulus package, weeklong, session, Lan Foan, Wednesday, National People's Congress Standing Committee, China, trillion yuan, Xinhua News Agency, fiscal risks, report, national economy, debt swaps"],"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/lyyf5","commentCount":5,"copyrighted":true,"sponsor":null,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1730716143000,"authorLocations":["Beijing","Beijing"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"readingTime":3,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"519938","entityUuid":"b03f327f-93ed-4e69-8fc4-2fca6753552e","urlAlias":"/topics/chinas-economic-stimulus","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"China’s economic stimulus","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3287160","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/economy/china-economy/article/3287160/chinas-stimulus-lifts-tax-revenue-first-time-year-after-policy-shift","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"7764d700-9578-41a7-a1ed-cf28660c7329","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":[],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"328461","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0YWE4ODQzZi0xNmUyLTQ3MDUtOTlkNi1iNTNmMjJmNmY3NWE=","name":"Economy"},{"entityId":"318421","id":"U2VjdGlvbjoxYTNmZmZlNi0xYjU5LTQ0NmEtYTgwNi05ZWNhNzhmMTczZTg=","name":"China Economy"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"4","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowODkyNWNmZS0wMWNlLTQ5MzItYjllMi1iZTViMjU1ZWZlNjM=","name":"China"},{"entityId":"318200","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo2ZDBlM2ZmOS04Y2FkLTRmZjAtOWNmMS0xMWUzZjg1ZDNmY2Y=","name":"Money \u0026 Wealth"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"328461","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0YWE4ODQzZi0xNmUyLTQ3MDUtOTlkNi1iNTNmMjJmNmY3NWE=","name":"Economy"},{"entityId":"519716","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3YzRhMGRlZS0yYmNkLTQwZTgtYjgxYS0xZDg2ZjI0YzVhMDA=","name":"Policy"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"images":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/19/4c311227-ad83-455d-9767-d32d1173bcc6_4b848325.jpg","title":"An employee counts yuan notes at a bank in Beijing. 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top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"China’s top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s top legislative body is reviewing local debt swaps on the first day of its session, suggesting more fiscal stimulus could arrive"}]}]},"body":{"text":"China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions expected to be taken this week to reduce fiscal risks and shore up the national economy.\nFinance minister Lan Foan delivered the proposal – an increase to the local government debt quota that would then be used to convert implicit liabilities – to the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.\nThe committee’s activities are being closely watched by markets and analysts in anticipation of a blockbuster fiscal stimulus package, with estimates of its ultimate scale ranging from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.76 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan.\nThe legislative body convened on Monday for a week-long session scheduled to conclude Friday.\n“It’s a matter of sooner or later for local debt swaps, regardless of what happens in the US [presidential] election,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management.\n“Other measures are possibly on the way,” he added. “In terms of the magnitude of new policy, particularly fiscal policy next year, it may be contingent on who becomes the next US President and the likelihood of a trade war.”\n\n\nSome analysts have tied the outcome of Tuesday’s US presidential election to the volume of a fiscal stimulus package, with a victory for former president Donald Trump envisioned to prompt greater spending in response to potential tariff increases.\nTheir estimates suggest the scale of such a package would be around 10 to 20 per cent bigger in the event of a victory for Republican Party nominee Trump, compared to what would be implemented if current Vice-President and Democratic Party nominee Kamala Harris wins a White House term.\nAlthough the committee has yet to mention treasury bonds or special treasury bonds on Monday – two items that would indicate increases in incremental funding for construction – analysts at Huatai Securities said more could be in the pipeline.\n“Details of local debt swaps could be released on November 8, the last day of the NPC meeting,” they wrote in a note.\n“If new debt is approved, this means a higher macro leverage ratio,” said Su Yue, principal economist for China at the Economist Intelligence Unit.\n“It looks like the strategy is to maintain the leverage ratio while keeping ample liquidity for local governments,” she said, adding she expected approval for ultra-long bonds to be finalised at the annual legislative session in March.\n\n\nMore fiscal support has been predicted after a round of monetary easing was announced by China’s central bank in late September, launching a series of stimulus measures from numerous state agencies.\nThe flurry of action comes as Beijing attempts to counteract numerous economic challenges, including a struggling property market, weak investor and consumer confidence and rapid shifts in the trade environment.\nLast week, during a meeting at the Central Party School – the Communist Party’s top institution for ideological training – President Xi Jinping implored provincial leaders to achieve this year’s gross domestic product growth target of around 5 per cent, after a lower-than-expected 4.8 per cent was reported from January to September.\nThe legislative committee is likely to approve an additional 1.5 trillion yuan to 2.5 trillion yuan in treasury bonds at this session, central bank policy adviser Wang Yiming said last week.\nBudgeted local liabilities totalled 44.7 trillion yuan as of the end of September, according to data from the Ministry of Finance.\nBeijing did not reveal a projection for the size of the country’s “hidden debt”, more obscure liabilities often held by local government financing vehicles, state-owned enterprises or within public-private partnerships.\nIt’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy\nLarry Hu, Macquarie Capital\nUnofficial tallies have placed the figure in the trillions of yuan. Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Guangzhou-based Yuekai Securities, estimated China’s hidden debt at around 32.2 trillion yuan in a June research note.\nLocal debt swaps, first mentioned by the finance minister at a press conference on October 12, are a tool intended to mitigate the fiscal risks constraining many of China’s localities. They are often counted as an element of fiscal stimulus.\nBeijing first made use of these swaps in 2015, when the authorities offered batches of low-interest, higher transparency bonds for localities to buy using their comparatively volatile assets.\nNew government debts to be raised next year – including treasury bonds, local special-purpose bonds and off-budget debt sales – could surpass 12 trillion yuan, Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said at an event last month.\nLarry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicted stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s GDP growth target while mitigating tail risks.\n“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” Hu said.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s top legislative body reviewed a bill covering local debt swaps on Monday, the first of several actions "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3284808/chinas-top-lawmakers-gather-whats-store-economy?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"6a81e1e5-c593-4cff-bf3c-f3d33b7eae4f","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"expected to be taken this week"}]},{"type":"text","data":" to reduce fiscal risks and shore up the national economy."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Finance minister Lan Foan delivered the proposal – an increase to the local government debt quota that would then be used to convert implicit liabilities – to the National People’s Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, the official Xinhua News Agency reported."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The committee’s activities are being "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3284337/investors-await-chinas-npc-meeting-catalysts-sustain-us4-trillion-stock-rally","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"354d8962-9a91-44ee-8771-e46420c46ffa","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"closely watched by markets"}]},{"type":"text","data":" and analysts in anticipation of a blockbuster fiscal stimulus package, with estimates of its ultimate scale ranging from 2 trillion yuan (US$280.76 billion) to over 10 trillion yuan."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The legislative body convened on Monday for a week-long session scheduled to conclude Friday."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s a matter of sooner or later for local debt swaps, regardless of what happens in the US [presidential] election,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“Other measures are possibly on the way,” he added. “In terms of the magnitude of new policy, particularly fiscal policy next year, it may be contingent on who becomes the next US President and the likelihood of a trade war.”"}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; 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Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Guangzhou-based Yuekai Securities, estimated China’s hidden debt at around 32.2 trillion yuan in a June research note."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Local debt swaps, first mentioned by the finance minister at a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3282090/chinas-finance-ministry-holds-press-conference-markets-hope-fiscal-lift","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"41997915-241d-4d4e-a1a2-2cd22b8cc0be","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"press conference on October 12"}]},{"type":"text","data":", are a tool intended to mitigate the fiscal risks constraining many of China’s localities. They are often counted as an element of fiscal stimulus."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Beijing first made use of these swaps in 2015, when the authorities offered batches of low-interest, higher transparency bonds for localities to buy using their comparatively volatile assets."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"New government debts to be raised next year – including treasury bonds, local special-purpose bonds and off-budget debt sales – could surpass 12 trillion yuan, Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/policy/article/3283240/china-could-tap-12-trillion-yuan-new-debt-stimulus-2025-economist-says","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"40eaec09-bf33-44fb-a9ef-9c3f65ea48c0","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"said at an event last month"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"6"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Larry Hu, chief China economist at Macquarie Capital, predicted stimulus will be designed to meet this year’s GDP growth target while mitigating tail risks."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“It’s pretty clear to us that policymakers just want to put a floor under the economy, rather than reflate it in any meaningful way,” Hu said."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"7"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"100"}}]},"keywords":["China debt, China GDP, China economy, China's economic recovery, markets, local debt, fiscal stimulus package, weeklong, session, Lan Foan, Wednesday, National People's Congress Standing Committee, China, trillion yuan, Xinhua News Agency, fiscal risks, report, national economy, debt swaps"],"shortUrl":"https://sc.mp/lyyf5","commentCount":5,"copyrighted":true,"sponsor":null,"relatedNewsletters":[],"createdDate":1730716143000,"authorLocations":["Beijing","Beijing"],"corrections":[],"displaySlideShow":true,"multimediaEmbed":{"json":[]},"printHeadline":null,"readingTime":3,"seriesContainer":null,"firstTopic":{"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Topic","__typename":"Topic","entityId":"519938","entityUuid":"b03f327f-93ed-4e69-8fc4-2fca6753552e","urlAlias":"/topics/chinas-economic-stimulus","urlRedirect":null,"application":null,"name":"China’s economic stimulus","disableFollow":false,"contents":{"edges":[{"node":{"__typename":"Article","entityId":"3287160","__isContent":"Article","urlAlias":"/economy/china-economy/article/3287160/chinas-stimulus-lifts-tax-revenue-first-time-year-after-policy-shift","sponsorType":null,"__isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias":"Article","entityUuid":"7764d700-9578-41a7-a1ed-cf28660c7329","urlRedirect":null,"application":{"entityId":"325477","id":"QXBwbGljYXRpb246MjY5NWIyYzktOTZlZi00ZmU0LTk2ZjgtYmEyMGQwYTAyMGIz"},"flattenTypeIds":[],"liveArticle":null,"sections":[{"value":[{"entityId":"328461","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0YWE4ODQzZi0xNmUyLTQ3MDUtOTlkNi1iNTNmMjJmNmY3NWE=","name":"Economy"},{"entityId":"318421","id":"U2VjdGlvbjoxYTNmZmZlNi0xYjU5LTQ0NmEtYTgwNi05ZWNhNzhmMTczZTg=","name":"China Economy"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"91","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo4NmUxYzUxOS05NDhlLTQ0NjAtYWRjMy0xZGZhZmVmYTYwZGE=","name":"News"},{"entityId":"4","id":"U2VjdGlvbjowODkyNWNmZS0wMWNlLTQ5MzItYjllMi1iZTViMjU1ZWZlNjM=","name":"China"},{"entityId":"318200","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo2ZDBlM2ZmOS04Y2FkLTRmZjAtOWNmMS0xMWUzZjg1ZDNmY2Y=","name":"Money \u0026 Wealth"}]},{"value":[{"entityId":"328461","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo0YWE4ODQzZi0xNmUyLTQ3MDUtOTlkNi1iNTNmMjJmNmY3NWE=","name":"Economy"},{"entityId":"519716","id":"U2VjdGlvbjo3YzRhMGRlZS0yYmNkLTQwZTgtYjgxYS0xZDg2ZjI0YzVhMDA=","name":"Policy"}]}],"paywallTypes":[],"images":[{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/19/4c311227-ad83-455d-9767-d32d1173bcc6_4b848325.jpg","title":"An employee counts yuan notes at a bank in Beijing. 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