CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.thehindu.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '926335dc899ffd83',cH: 'PP9N4dE04ayb_6D8eQ3dDn20ybmnbJ8FeJRKFmg3MxQ-1742956062-1.2.1.1-dvFFOjIDaffNq5DYC_KUQcedo4PJd7V9mKh62QF9BUBr._DD.qU3wFwuw3uJAi3S',cUPMDTk: "\/archive\/web\/2019\/06\/?__cf_chl_tk=WcbzYsnLiptmSxpsb7sviUsbw2DffFyw2OZA6hes0ig-1742956062-1.0.1.1-6fLrQHxuFnbpWK.wDqsrE_0FwISvhmYQi94GX47rnLI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1742956062',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/archive\/web\/2019\/06\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=WcbzYsnLiptmSxpsb7sviUsbw2DffFyw2OZA6hes0ig-1742956062-1.0.1.1-6fLrQHxuFnbpWK.wDqsrE_0FwISvhmYQi94GX47rnLI",md: "vNxgmVeN2XMCYhoamKH0w7QMGhHE_cxNEt8H_HND7zE-1742956062-1.2.1.1-HGsTlTGJpv2G8FXhZZyTHXMMAFNmgt1fwJCsHcMbAp_A6aZL641lDCE0roWCjbE.SqiSEaOPg6_fb7tew86WpYPH8ea80JBt7QMg9F1Uf8Ca0QbYXZ3rgLUzOP6GCCwxEBPcDb0U1AbGRUVZj10jRSbYeKFwrN.o5dPM_nd7ftfDbyoef9gi3AMKHfZ0G1tK5z4H.npUKBMvsVfVwRtZXRstS1bCG7ehgUanljoQqmKxmjx33ebb1Lono1vD3ZdP1pnSud5iTKbWTRx4nDjbPcR949LAGN5OQuyokeFvljMjt2HDhUXxcGyyMQN4DoATTIdvXekJOQUbPHvYJBDbGuxHwSLFlvsmU3yaLZyO6iT0uqBaSMTfdwE0TmYvXjxGbSoSZEew0IDvvACq3YYCYPUZzpjF3hCDbutfyqDExtxRFJdfi9ud_Yp2Xiz95uMIGHbdAx5qVg_R_ML24jbQq0IFILxkixV7bHuiJHQkFYMlPV.Ge4sJA6RtgczsGbwaVkcVZaPaaXANCEhQ3jszGTwpA9Vy3eV8vWCsgRS4Y0Z5OJY3LPDDJ_selSg5p31WABmRbBKzckkQpGcyWmySHLccXwZvTvh2chMLZwskdkPEakjlvDW3m2lzPLRC2WFZ2beRirEZyS1FA857pdqDIYlHg4uIq3qsOHOZipiEhmhhYhRcmV4mOLs4twXjdzx9_qPRqV6mfVyrw.gLqFfayhvWzfA8ByhvWYa9S.iOPkQ.Yq8owSCQaFhKFwVzObpkqNfwY4FEmNlhT6mYYasr1eLd2KGiMDQswWHH4oiL2Gnr2aBSyr.f5NL_tQCrE97D6kpsP661vT6ap2B7NrGstaAZh93o3pbQIaXmq3aKZ8wOcBHGGd.hcMvDDpQctMvf.7pzjLRNWOA6zto2AM5VbrcMSXeDsqfbILo_u7mbEuP5xy_hdrmSdtol8WEfQwzpDq8L5N6fcnsRxLL0xUR7XD3p3NAqulzUr2YLhNpzCMmuzilPzLFJ0xgSv_8Agl8sYXX5v_lHZbpitnhAFJ4rfRVfoJHc2LZp_DdI5.7Px933ignuRjRGH_3U_VgIyt3DZeZHY8c_3H_QR.RMjFem7HGnFiOI7qdJ9UCTbZm8CiS_79r_UzxZTZRsnUQpa22Stk3Gw.21zaNluRNX1DRgso3v.hXzgeB4ZvAjyqehHSPBdjd6cwPX2U7LMbglgM14LUZQiVVXfj9wXcWvrvi6t4.wLi.CTgljrvm1LEUI2kX7m4jRuA0E907ffVA82_95",mdrd: "Dt6DyQTRX5PTvmymKgyMK_G6wfRGt5TEy6H4o1N7PZQ-1742956062-1.2.1.1-5o6IKCbrckbkuNKM6Ig7cQRroUp5ZhgyP.CjVdGMj6jUWGwbtnAEnVcIBeJf1DsTt8m3eSaSrMNMuNsjcJNQroDgpxfcla17MTqsatntcTnmXafNOqJ3drfKwOlntsPfLkutsxA2PkTTeIHNORYF_owduZKTH07ikjIcY33xgRq9CEgCTIUGnJ0d3Qqh30GNzx7Ima4g3YFo0ywCkdcX9p90ztuG_d7fliZt2XjHKe97z1c6vVe69PCIM500_XXjwuwLBbJf8Fq1KlWAclUMAEaDSqU8tN50E778sAmjArip4CWGRmIXvaXP1dHQoTvRwIkh8y82op5LyFPUomiw2YqR0sGafXZoCt86dMLMPqHB674Kx6OwsjcRAAMZBpVfxDFrSLBqHOyzacktki7rH_ffaa8lIbaIqKEekvCbG4qp1ZQDLvynKcIHZ6IIhiNGW.2DVMqWhaJZHYsTOAVVXsevQIx_XC18T5xREfsSJAh8bE_XSsCIcM1Wy6oBzPSarNkGl03bI2TtbWY7ndOv.iLocYu8GVgP8s3TggDsAAu.64cwsNJYg56yzN_sN2oGreLAbtuzQNdUre5Y9hePlol.6xvO92q38NcLXssnG272vRvr4btc9ezlCYD7ubHT4FqPQHWu3466Yapo.d0JxHDsY4pXNlXIZmUbmsfMMzlrfbSCHc.NWQh30ZdmEFQ7z8OD8wzn98No7_7s3cz_6XTFdOi..6OA1fE33eIK.0usnkK..KnL4fYsKFxd0dIDVnY4eTqDvpywA8xJpa5HlGxjlTouLx2pKUthLxgcWuuF9lzDl2UfH0rcsrp_n9MoIYOEBVPh9yXgvgA.cA38iQMmmAuJcYHhB9_dZPxwcqMHlrWeTsXBtjBMnw0ERtT9wgOtTPWtxhoGc5ZkZGAsaUeGPs7r.ItmqSbkw1BTCLWMP7_yBu6Ig56B3JIv4puMZdJLsngExF58y.oY6clEXGS3NRq3F01MeqGkt9J0zvfLz3gFGT7342Knzfv7ZBk3iiOmKY0wjdnveOq35BUSqTm_3MmCEFtUsguoztaB.CeM4NMjB8.dLimR__rdDsbwpLKnEbSprS63OWMna8DyFTFWHdJJGHQnhnwZZVrdbbMYLc8ZXPtLQLWOeKfbfiq_4U3Nu6SV9t6V0JB3acUi17fy05bOT7QNSuvf2V9rgVlY22OTQHVJ0Fe9S1Su7FtPdflMCQn.TgwnjhOHrAq8tCo3cgeDdqkhAn5s5T1L5nRYvemSvf97vCUFyQDc.O9tVLkGGFZA9keL0_eR9ulRK3lUJqldKGnOcx0RH81zQvZnRcdzOwk9hONEcwmAvH7MoMVOo.DbUSXDAhNTkVLGML3aOkx8u4HPrh3yNch42PuI5ze.6w4xeOlL88mKBz7iPC7WuUQ4XCtihfYCGlVi7a2lAzLQ7eJ2CKSvUKX6rWUTCkyvo731tocWhgYcUbbcuK0SV_iv2zX29.nz2uT9GK1.esScqk7rUKlY1RiItGFLgOsCRIx3KIVlHTxoZTJUj7ONqV37dVm64v_FiYgCYWfxU5tkLI_QN1IJhlg2xjcXRcdyiOGwlSGX8gs.3IrJfxcR.E8Ez8X.OChSqQTbIgEQRwad9l.2bTRQ6uHoUlM3ek.M6CVUwG8HfBUh2iGPWQ4bSuVqNNky.fec0K2MxNi8fqrxtHeS7GnwAhD1Mj_6OXVkdv4UBANy3kd8ruLCuUMzxIVeU9FDWhcDSTUWSghEag7SIyqcyp6t3aYtKX_dKXPBAUDCxbLqA.xltUmEnBzb1H5rTTp6Oi5NrQvT786HisrWNpnx5n8uyQKo1njw.YKMEmhtUvHG5dwVFTUB8LAtL1SH7y8hTu.gPiHtOjOdkBKZk1Xp5bhA4.m8RWWjvlSZmEIu4NFN6vms_YPC8xd6nL3cqMQCGWjaadkD63XFS1sqSckfeUEo88qcATLmJYUQnjn67hvfon.Z.23ELoWGFxeZwygdiFimwFTtENcI0cRgp4ThGFNEV32HH.fKDVq5jWmHMK8tsZ7zpG0ZBjocdV39H1NJNNckKGfdjzWNsF_ygCWDHlvUo3J3XNI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=926335dc899ffd83';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/archive\/web\/2019\/06\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WcbzYsnLiptmSxpsb7sviUsbw2DffFyw2OZA6hes0ig-1742956062-1.0.1.1-6fLrQHxuFnbpWK.wDqsrE_0FwISvhmYQi94GX47rnLI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>