CINXE.COM

Rights and Permissions : PAIN

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-US"> <head> <script type='text/javascript' data-ot-ignore>const otAllowScripts = ['/init.js']; new MutationObserver(function (d) { Array.prototype.forEach.call(d, function (g) { Array.prototype.forEach.call(g.addedNodes, function (e) { try { if ('script' === e.tagName?.toLowerCase() && otAllowScripts.some(s => e.src?.includes(s))) { e.setAttribute('data-ot-ignore', ''); } } catch (err) { console.error(err); } }) }) }).observe(document.documentElement, { childList: !0, subtree: !0, attributes: !0, attributeFilter: ['src'] });</script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start for journals.lww.com --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/7537629c-faa0-40ce-a837-f7b14c0d4e70/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="7537629c-faa0-40ce-a837-f7b14c0d4e70"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/lww-cookiepro.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <title> Rights and Permissions : PAIN </title> <!--Google Analytics --> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.setAttributeNode(d.createAttribute('data-ot-ignore'));j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NLR6H6W');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft SharePoint" /><meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-310e337bbb542715b7f","applicationID":"1029107228","transactionName":"ZgdWMRZUVkVSBUBbCl9NdTY0GkhXWggbbQZQFlUJC1JLGV4HR0YAQxJVAgEaSENRCl1BDVgMUwYLW0xTXRJARQpSDVgQCVtIV1QDWFMcXhdASwVGSE4=","queueTime":1,"applicationTime":268,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1103305545",accountID:"2792772",trustKey:"1191223",xpid:"VgEOU1FUChABVFNbBgEAVFYJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-310e337bbb542715b7f",applicationID:"1029107228"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" /><meta name="WT.cg_n" content="pain" /><meta name="WT.cg_s" content="Journal Information" /><meta name="Description" content="PAIN publishes research on the nature, mechanisms and treatment of pain. The journal provides a forum for the dissemination of research in the basic and clinical sciences of multidisciplinary interest." /><meta name="robots" content="noindex, follow, noarchive" /><meta name="WT.sv" content="ZUSE1PEJPWEB01" /><meta name="Title" content="PAIN" /><style id="SPThemeHideForms" type="text/css">body {opacity:0 !important}</style> <!-- Head container delegate control --> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arvo:400,400i,700|Fira+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i&amp;display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <script> // temporary workaround for Bug 316328:[Stage][Registration][Regression 05.04] - Omniture events are not displayed for article viewer page // prevents JS exception in Adobe launch.js caused by situation when wkhealth_institution_type meta tag is present while wkhealth_institution_name tag is not in the page head // see this check in Adobe launch.js: null != document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']") ... // TODO: implement proper code fix after release 05.04.00 deployment var wkhealth_institution_type = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_type']"); var wkhealth_institution_name = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']"); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_type); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_name); if (wkhealth_institution_type && !wkhealth_institution_name) { console.warn('Workaround in release 05.04.00 - removing wkhealth_institution_type meta tag if wkhealth_institution_name is not present'); wkhealth_institution_type.remove(); } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk-logos/1.0.x/favicon.png" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" id="favicon" /> <link id="ctl00_ctl14_wkfavicon_linkFavIcon" rel="shortcut icon" href="/pain/PublishingImages/WKfavicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"></link> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/_layouts/15/images/SharePointMetroAppTile.png" /><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#0072C6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/styles/Themable/corev15.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/bootstrap.min.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link id="ctl00_ctl14_FontAwesomeStylesheet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://unpkg.com/font-awesome@4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"></link> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/styles/oaks.journals/bootstrap-overwrites.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/styles/oaks.journals/tachyons.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/pain/_layouts/15/1033/styles/oaks.journals/base-main-header.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/lww-core.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ejp.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ejp-print.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="print" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/jqueryui.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/pain/Style%20Library/journal.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/pain/Style%20Library/custom.journal.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <script>var WebContext = {"EndPoints":{"ArticleMetricsEndpoint":"//services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ArticleMetricsService.svc","ThirdPartyRSSFeedServiceEndPoint":"https://services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ThirdPartyRSSFeedService.svc","JwtTokenServiceEndpoint":"https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/JsonWebToken.svc"}}</script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var g_SPOffSwitches={}; // ]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/1033/initstrings.js?rev=LwWun7qw6kDU1ggsF%2FPjVQ%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/init.js?rev=tU8IR9byA92XOx74eVNGsA%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/1033/strings.js?rev=ooCIBqeqttT8yh%2BYJX1d8A%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/theming.js?rev=SuLUbbwTXcxFWOWLFUsOkw%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/ie55up.js?rev=crNyMuTrnREqTu75xaukgw%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=F7rjznvAP1ZvjwmSYaDR9a3zqrnKFnNGXs7A_cRIg2rplizpOOjwg9eBfW_KxBMLRVN3lzATjzWkisQusj_Iaw7I7xHhM2EsA2p1WTk5lIh-1_uEIMq1sktVYKM3D6Gp5VSqOtDTEnrScqHWTHOzdCPnKDjm2mtJH72pNbP0u4uI_zDnfi9spPAqI_kz3qnF0&amp;t=ffffffffaa493ab8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/blank.js?rev=DkvtcIrq8iOu%2FY%2Ff2C9qhQ%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=yatK8ruofouVZAe4qMCnoohEpb3HRGGjDeZZjZ7kMmC722OeAMhxqxkQCI5Rxx8YROZ4ohEXEd-BY-UzqqqylduXIs6jc38C73kN3lT2QdlwTljpny1fYEjcvvbYSMHNq1-TT-bDa0cFUDuAr5ywhChhEELpPbB_In_xfOO6OlgjpjP86LmsgZzKkXo8aCS90&amp;t=ffffffffaa493ab8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=Fr5k7XDliwj7SPEiKSqb-V3uT_yv_Vc0LBq3yd_m1_Ea8vkvI41fPqtWB8rH7kW9D2--SObxiXOCEDDg2Tv5yxNEAylK5ZpV5j9rD03yPUcCPh8w-y9A8MWLSg0jrQ-0kisGzu4Hba8Ct3e6oiiAj5nLa8lUDGLzNSKFrT8wEzRvrGDuqa6AKloxdLDyhLNb6sYlIjtGIn7oUTXlG_HGsg2&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=LXNyktQiaIpbp533FW-c46OHB30ylIqDlrzk7r3HlWeMLy05SwQ7ZZDsPGq7NzzDRSU0tvewepiuVrszZuoio7QLmOYibhCj6dQNfSL2hGpxpyP-E7et27fbWMHpoIuHecopwN8d_b-WR8rimwUGdbN6akitIdX32lXMez7LH7qkG1jVMDvXf2M0_6gdMpGjpPKlEhmMrNGzYuo05_KLRO4TeTkKykcR_5pPB2fyzgk1&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=UozfgYfgcP8g118ZMoKEWz_x5V51ZaIWOeFUe49mdZ8Yy8frQahBfRlFRNNeizXxYfmbtpE1uZMOMW2QeF7QCWjREvRvpNDSCGO5YICh1GalcUtEGJaGvVObluwmGza6-lV8S-wgb9vDF6UYZlWbyLOo-d94ckB8BN1hUlnIdqL9auDE1qR-ddFC7rw_89VZWQ6uTxR6vOlq2jE0iTr3J_6_Q3a7SLOduMua_ZXDgk7k01lBMUodCwi6dm-oTxLE0&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=ZWgxL8bxzPcm3sf7nBtjnXIE2wsAF-izuHnFdkP9YIwhY40NTQZWAMXXd5_I4JNrdCjHASB5kHO0Yp663zuk5AhL_jRl1k_SY5vnpUrSCkFxyolVdXM4FQlXIKn4Vvw31N76GuK5LU06Z_W9PLwfY2Syw-289UtPxVzBx9gVTRruCab2sQxw8wsPzWwQuzodrorJnIINUBwKL_vl4JpUyg2&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=EBaCwkyF6v0hRUf3ae-93ssVmxQ7oIMqv_PPxkqrb9oreHGbb2-nfpYVrHcdp3m-zVM-7IejfExLCflpv83MelmvDxCP_bfWTqE6qeqNKtnJrC6U7f-VSqzDeiqxeFeQcr2gdWPsj6xuQIL9yofEjL-H9aGyCIOqWIpEBJ7whIjP5cINMF1LSl9sjJQ7m8EzvCkRy97Lv87xdtMaOwsPZQua3oe2eRAfQMy5DfH1rBU1&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=wD8VqdUYdbEDwBKpnhKPdzJbzZckynHSZAFSwtw0pb9xBjjkE5QcyWugHeKYmmlr5VSa3nfGB1Xz7jafz_E7BWSKiwSgokhW7jiO928L_QrPFxF6EUuMyF_R_k74O2ZH3Z2j_4YTihok5YYe4jIHNbXew2ICIYicdQ6t5hTNp6rgynp1DalRocxe5znBs87HZLCu8p1QfDK38eKJRZE968HV31IWzfYmG-OLm0YY--COCDBd2W06gq-Q4GGHyVyR0&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=-7EYqBUD5SBnN9GXen_j6q1vUCHCiGsBm9LG-6jUM7Rd46ySBRRKNEzamKwU97Ev4GNWdvuZGqjKPpTco_vaUnZotagIyWjSOr8Y_YpPpCBN41u1qvqUa_Z3KhaMpFpLnBCVAOGXsZBX0gnLdrWl7SPrwgrfSJovgJOyKQNohnCagrVGRS7D0SajjiwZiBwbRFFXzQUODi-UXS4-R3OUE9NEoYmrfX_DvTq3geTEsrQ1&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=1Bz5XD8diaSe1jTYew43lskkqvoOQ7xUk9zYBR9yPfNI5dG64NIPCYkFSKOHNDL_QVi-dGp62xDY0jGHiOTaybK9bApxYHqJLIbzEwEQB4irPiQPiKBzzY5p7N4f-D0FpCNtiMYBBQwavF6nxBbyIVOMdRyTBQ10Hm9Zmj9z2NOmhfNxDVkOcXNQDwO54qpnA74wIl4P7kqB5Ngz9hx4kY3xEadtMKXSX7uqRVTMzso1&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=2jUlVNSVbehJJ-Lt4PSuX3imkArDDoAUwrw500StXDnRKdoHS2np91egmJiBUG7feIOax9x-3d3eG4JYvatg-8X9LQmJU49eWww19gWY7vSdphyQrCWf_QI352TwlgZkOjBO9SLzCdnP0Rkx2chN2q3GkIbDzjCD2z0q_V19F4FLoBgT9FcKUizcWUqIzBoXhgYN9ZOMKI0YCb0cjcqnIG9l7yUe6eYzolUqVyyoo5k1&amp;t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("require.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002frequire.js?rev=bv3fWJhk0uFGpVwBxnZKNQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("core.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fcore.js?rev=KQ5\u00252BHLbmiwYd3zps1UauyA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("menu.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fmenu.js?rev=kef5Ll8uG3FU4y3TKp9odw\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("mQuery.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fmquery.js?rev=83uwW5\u00252BeqNZ7KAouMnuqNg\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("callout.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fcallout.js?rev=ijn0evgF0N\u00252Bql7Rk6kfFnw\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("callout.js", "mQuery.js");RegisterSodDep("callout.js", "core.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("clienttemplates.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fclienttemplates.js?rev=qCKt1p7AzzLRcELGpoUh\u00252BQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("sharing.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fsharing.js?rev=UA\u00252FVfSl7wMk7bCLHD0xEzQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("sharing.js", "mQuery.js");RegisterSodDep("sharing.js", "clienttemplates.js");RegisterSodDep("sharing.js", "core.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("suitelinks.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fsuitelinks.js?rev=LhToRtZ9QwBC8kr2zkrTPQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("suitelinks.js", "core.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("followingcommon.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002ffollowingcommon.js?rev=\u00252FbzeSqqnwVKNkfXSg8idZQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "sp.js");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "userprofile");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "core.js");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "mQuery.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("profilebrowserscriptres.resx", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002f1033\u002fprofilebrowserscriptres.js?rev=qwf69WaVc1mYlJLXqmZmVA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("inplview", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002finplview.js?rev=y76T7Yi1fEhor3ACn\u00252FLrmA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("inplview", "core.js");RegisterSodDep("inplview", "clienttemplates.js");RegisterSodDep("inplview", "sp.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("dragdrop.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fdragdrop.js?rev=noOiJJw\u00252BbQX\u00252BGFjEKMK8DA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("quicklaunch.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fquicklaunch.js?rev=54IIzaYsNaXEJw7BUSb3pA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("quicklaunch.js", "dragdrop.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("WPAdderClass", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fwpadder.js?rev=o4niFaimrGQjq\u00252BofsYPJYA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/jquery.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/bootstrap.bundle.min.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/jqueryui.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <link type="text/xml" rel="alternate" href="/pain/_vti_bin/spsdisco.aspx" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx" /> <noscript> <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="3;url=/_layouts/1033/OAKS.Journals/Error/JavaScript.html" /> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/lww-core.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/journal-navigation.min.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/journals_master.min.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/manifest.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ejp.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/react-redux-vendors.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var scpl_time = new Date(); scpl_time = scpl_time.getTime(); window.A8AJQ = jQuery.noConflict(); window.$ = jQuery.noConflict(); </script> <script async type="text/plain" src="https://aim-tag.hcn.health/js/client.js?dl=aimDataLayer&target=ie11" class="optanon-category-C0004"></script> <script> window.aimDataLayer = window.aimDataLayer || []; function aimTag() { aimDataLayer.push(arguments); } aimTag('2429bf11-c05b-409f-b998-8acef505546e', 'pageview'); aimTag('2429bf11-c05b-409f-b998-8acef505546e', 'signal', function (err, success) { if (err) { console.log(err); } else { console.log(success); if (success.identity_type === "AUT") { } } }); </script> </head> <body id="ctl00_BodyTag" class="lww-body ej-about"> <h1 id="ctl00_PageHeadingTitle" class="visually-hidden">Rights and Permissions : PAIN</h1> <span class="js-custom-event" data-config="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;omni:page:view&quot;,&quot;detail&quot;:{&quot;uid&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;uid_src&quot;:&quot;None&quot;,&quot;page_loc&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx&quot;,&quot;page_ttl&quot;:&quot;Rights and Permissions : PAIN&quot;},&quot;order&quot;:2147483647,&quot;config&quot;:{&quot;bubbles&quot;:true,&quot;cancelable&quot;:true,&quot;composed&quot;:false}}"></span> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLR6H6W"height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div id="imgPrefetch" style="display:none"> <img src="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk-logos/1.0.x/favicon.png?rev=43" /> <img src="/_layouts/15/images/spcommon.png?rev=43" /> </div> <noscript><div class='noindex'>You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page.</div></noscript> <form method="post" action="/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx" onsubmit="javascript:return WebForm_OnSubmit();" id="aspnetForm"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcmWpid" id="_wpcmWpid" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="wpcmVal" id="wpcmVal" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOWebPartPage_PostbackSource" id="MSOWebPartPage_PostbackSource" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_SelectedWpId" id="MSOTlPn_SelectedWpId" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_View" id="MSOTlPn_View" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_ShowSettings" id="MSOTlPn_ShowSettings" value="False" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOGallery_SelectedLibrary" id="MSOGallery_SelectedLibrary" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOGallery_FilterString" id="MSOGallery_FilterString" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_Button" id="MSOTlPn_Button" value="none" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__REQUESTDIGEST" id="__REQUESTDIGEST" value="noDigest" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_DisplayModeName" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_DisplayModeName" value="Browse" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_ExitingDesignMode" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_ExitingDesignMode" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOWebPartPage_Shared" id="MSOWebPartPage_Shared" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOLayout_LayoutChanges" id="MSOLayout_LayoutChanges" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOLayout_InDesignMode" id="MSOLayout_InDesignMode" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpSelected" id="_wpSelected" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wzSelected" id="_wzSelected" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_OldDisplayModeName" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_OldDisplayModeName" value="Browse" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_StartWebPartEditingName" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_StartWebPartEditingName" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_EndWebPartEditing" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_EndWebPartEditing" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var theForm = document.forms['aspnetForm']; if (!theForm) { theForm = document.aspnetForm; } function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) { if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) { theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget; theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument; theForm.submit(); } } //]]> </script> <script src="/WebResource.axd?d=dnaDAFNiQGyAS-8AAnEusSAvRcEvxsZnbowJJdr_Pi9Oz7lzs5k45FStkRo1xlEHk9NeovbY1Hwq_CwXR_md87LXDXM1L2hMpaL8ksMyAA01&amp;t=637811513229275428" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var MSOWebPartPageFormName = 'aspnetForm'; var g_presenceEnabled = true; var g_wsaEnabled = false; var g_correlationId = 'af366aa1-a2bc-f0c3-d9ba-fdbfe1f85c9e'; var g_wsaQoSEnabled = false; var g_wsaQoSDataPoints = []; var g_wsaRUMEnabled = false; var g_wsaLCID = 1033; var g_wsaListTemplateId = 850; var g_wsaSiteTemplateId = 'EJOURNALS#7'; var _spPageContextInfo={"webServerRelativeUrl":"/pain","webAbsoluteUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/pain","viewId":"","listId":"{cb586a84-edb6-465e-9efe-668a4ed65724}","listPermsMask":{"High":0,"Low":200769},"listUrl":"/pain/Pages","listTitle":"Pages","listBaseTemplate":850,"viewOnlyExperienceEnabled":false,"blockDownloadsExperienceEnabled":false,"idleSessionSignOutEnabled":false,"cdnPrefix":"","siteAbsoluteUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/pain","siteId":"{8c471185-663f-4cd8-8026-d6fcc80fc9f1}","showNGSCDialogForSyncOnTS":false,"supportPoundStorePath":true,"supportPercentStorePath":true,"siteSubscriptionId":null,"CustomMarkupInCalculatedFieldDisabled":true,"AllowCustomMarkupInCalculatedField":false,"isSPO":false,"farmLabel":null,"serverRequestPath":"/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx","layoutsUrl":"_layouts/15","webId":"{a35310da-9dea-42f3-939c-3532ef32f744}","webTitle":"PAIN","webTemplate":"20200","webTemplateConfiguration":"EJOURNALS#7","webDescription":"Home","tenantAppVersion":"0","isAppWeb":false,"webLogoUrl":"_layouts/15/images/siteicon.png","webLanguage":1033,"currentLanguage":1033,"currentUICultureName":"en-US","currentCultureName":"en-US","currentCultureLCID":1033,"env":null,"nid":0,"fid":0,"serverTime":"2024-12-04T10:36:29.1282188Z","siteClientTag":"4$$16.0.10415.20001","crossDomainPhotosEnabled":false,"openInClient":false,"Has2019Era":true,"webUIVersion":15,"webPermMasks":{"High":0,"Low":196608},"pageListId":"{cb586a84-edb6-465e-9efe-668a4ed65724}","pageItemId":37,"pagePermsMask":{"High":0,"Low":200769},"pagePersonalizationScope":1,"userEmail":"","userId":0,"userLoginName":null,"userDisplayName":null,"isAnonymousUser":true,"isAnonymousGuestUser":false,"isEmailAuthenticationGuestUser":false,"isExternalGuestUser":false,"systemUserKey":null,"alertsEnabled":true,"siteServerRelativeUrl":"/pain","allowSilverlightPrompt":"True","themeCacheToken":"/pain::4:","themedCssFolderUrl":null,"themedImageFileNames":null,"modernThemingEnabled":true,"isSiteAdmin":false,"ExpFeatures":[480216468,1884350801,1158731092,62197791,538521105,335811073,4194306,34614301,268500996,-1946025984,28445328,-2147475455,134291456,65536,288,950272,1282,808326148,134217873,0,0,-1073217536,545285252,18350656,-467402752,6291457,-2147483644,1074794496,-1728053184,1845537108,622628,4102,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"killSwitches":{},"InternalValidAuthorities":["journals.na.lww.com","journals.lww.com","journals.na.lww.com","journals.lww.com","cloud-journals.lww.com","cloud-journals.lww.com"],"CorrelationId":"af366aa1-a2bc-f0c3-d9ba-fdbfe1f85c9e","hasManageWebPermissions":false,"isNoScriptEnabled":false,"groupId":null,"groupHasHomepage":true,"groupHasQuickLaunchConversationsLink":false,"departmentId":null,"hubSiteId":null,"hasPendingWebTemplateExtension":false,"isHubSite":false,"isWebWelcomePage":false,"siteClassification":"","hideSyncButtonOnODB":false,"showNGSCDialogForSyncOnODB":false,"sitePagesEnabled":false,"sitePagesFeatureVersion":0,"DesignPackageId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","groupType":null,"groupColor":"#8151fd","siteColor":"#8151fd","headerEmphasis":0,"navigationInfo":null,"guestsEnabled":false,"MenuData":{"SignInUrl":"/pain/_layouts/15/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2Fpain%2FPages%2Frightsandpermissions%2Easpx"},"RecycleBinItemCount":-1,"PublishingFeatureOn":true,"PreviewFeaturesEnabled":false,"disableAppViews":false,"disableFlows":false,"serverRedirectedUrl":null,"formDigestValue":"0xC8435F9CCD6ABB2A8485972DA3281A4F351787F9186CE0BA31F9A34C12148E937068FAA4880F986DA7F35DEE860E709EE8E165E214D028F40C05FB3692E6AE55,04 Dec 2024 10:36:29 -0000","maximumFileSize":10240,"formDigestTimeoutSeconds":1800,"canUserCreateMicrosoftForm":false,"canUserCreateVisioDrawing":true,"readOnlyState":null,"isTenantDevSite":false,"preferUserTimeZone":false,"userTimeZoneData":null,"userTime24":false,"userFirstDayOfWeek":null,"webTimeZoneData":null,"webTime24":false,"webFirstDayOfWeek":null,"isSelfServiceSiteCreationEnabled":null,"alternateWebAppHost":"","aadTenantId":"","aadUserId":"","aadInstanceUrl":"","msGraphEndpointUrl":"https://","allowInfectedDownload":true};_spPageContextInfo.updateFormDigestPageLoaded=new Date();_spPageContextInfo.clientServerTimeDelta=new Date(_spPageContextInfo.serverTime)-new Date();if(typeof(define)=='function'){define('SPPageContextInfo',[],function(){return _spPageContextInfo;});}var L_Menu_BaseUrl="/pain"; var L_Menu_LCID="1033"; var L_Menu_SiteTheme="null"; document.onreadystatechange=fnRemoveAllStatus; function fnRemoveAllStatus(){removeAllStatus(true)};//]]> </script> <script src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/alerts-subscription.min.js?v=05.24.00.023" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Flighting.ExpFeatures = [480216468,1884350801,1158731092,62197791,538521105,335811073,4194306,34614301,268500996,-1946025984,28445328,-2147475455,134291456,65536,288,950272,1282,808326148,134217873,0,0,-1073217536,545285252,18350656,-467402752,6291457,-2147483644,1074794496,-1728053184,1845537108,622628,4102,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]; (function() { if(typeof(window.SP) == "undefined") window.SP = {}; if(typeof(window.SP.YammerSwitch) == "undefined") window.SP.YammerSwitch = {}; var ysObj = window.SP.YammerSwitch; ysObj.IsEnabled = false; ysObj.TargetYammerHostName = "www.yammer.com"; } )(); var _spWebPartComponents = new Object();//]]> </script> <script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=11ySqNT2t8wJXf-5ynqkHTYVaR0CZPUQDLhFk5-B61-yY4pHK9T4A-OmNoLERHX1OU2F3io32lKHXeNlvH0kpnJP6-ZQm2Ado5OlvNqUwB9TpwuIgMVQBgIz-DSVpHWqDoVFHrt69C9fSrbhF6t9QBuuAcSpa-p9_2de4EnR0aU1&amp;t=2265eaa7" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/_layouts/15/blank.js?rev=DkvtcIrq8iOu%2FY%2Ff2C9qhQ%3D%3DTAG0" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ window.SPThemeUtils && SPThemeUtils.RegisterCssReferences([]); (function(){ if (typeof(_spBodyOnLoadFunctions) === 'undefined' || _spBodyOnLoadFunctions === null) { return; } _spBodyOnLoadFunctions.push(function() { SP.SOD.executeFunc('core.js', 'FollowingDocument', function() { FollowingDocument(); }); }); })();(function(){ if (typeof(_spBodyOnLoadFunctions) === 'undefined' || _spBodyOnLoadFunctions === null) { return; } _spBodyOnLoadFunctions.push(function() { SP.SOD.executeFunc('core.js', 'FollowingCallout', function() { FollowingCallout(); }); }); })();if (typeof(DeferWebFormInitCallback) == 'function') DeferWebFormInitCallback();function WebForm_OnSubmit() { UpdateFormDigest('\u002fpain', 1440000);if (typeof(ValidatorOnSubmit) == "function" && ValidatorOnSubmit() == false) return false;if (typeof(_spFormOnSubmitWrapper) != 'undefined') {return _spFormOnSubmitWrapper();} else {return true;}; return true; } //]]> </script> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="D5713326" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="/wEdACVDXL47o+cjErDZix/qfHv/QLWtVERrnnBjDi1TrnEeR4WvAxnu63PHPpRuQMmHD73hhCCDEOLJF8tjJaxmMzMg1YNR2eABby/ZmsATgKXmBIgiSF8jQJGeTpsLHGFoaml6MWDr3/8QXodhxVfx8FS0g7H8RoGW3YgcM38Iwm1iMoVcaco2XnSaoUn3/TSh9vw+j4gIpltQ5uW2VbbW1PImpoGMijX+dXo51/j94T3WnxtqL7EjWJewpmSUZzpKg5/Jtl4d8ICFIqbNuETyv88w038zSbCfvYdn0fsL6scwEdfJPc71FC5mBJymu6c9+5C0rDcTIucUcfVcXg24Qcj2Rwj5n+JKj+fmndTJk+d0g1Ns6wXx7DauK8z/WtJTWnj9qTe+W5DS1HpgmEvmovI14iQ+XkCnfxSv0yXht6ieDJtzFzR8syNRhfGfwSq/GQ4A45M1vfNdXzPTwjVcQ+2ia6amFEb/j9tiuMsekvwmwL2vaL5SrnSg5rvAhywk5+rNFhF1b0KSycCN55kmFNw0GZbPrRKe+jfieaxg5tqN/WAd/aM9EmdgjdRUFdYHVnKAfn5bByG8o+6N4Ztj5EyGgnCF/B0ZdZma13DCQsB6ptnw6xPqDbzh5JDWuGvu9OaKLgfqGEThY7c6RN4LyFR8Nc62HezU6mTzNkUWtXGt4UTxEgFUrsnH99f0W4IJ2+0z0rQ5JmJJtHYo3SRqT1HN+DZBJgPNyrrZGaSq41H3D4scNsuEmWRRscvnQ4L27oz5pikkn3qpVl32cVuBC5v4z/t3PxQQnchvRRdqIjIwLzYGFCmTn/xitQY2AgwZeaI=" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var submitHook = function () { return false; }; theForm._spOldSubmit = theForm.submit; theForm.submit = function () { if (!submitHook()) { this._spOldSubmit(); } }; </script> <span id="DeltaSPWebPartManager"> </span> <script type="text/javascript">$.getJSON("https://login.journals.lww.com/AuthCheck.aspx?Callback=?", null, function (data) { if(data.IsAuthenticated.toLowerCase() == "true") {window.location.replace("https://login.journals.lww.com/?wa=wsignin1.0&wtrealm=urn%3ajournals&wctx=https%3a%2f%2fjournals.lww.com%2fpain%2f_layouts%2f15%2fAuthenticate.aspx%3fSource%3d%252fpain%252fPages%252frightsandpermissions.aspx"); } }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager._initialize('ctl00$ScriptManager', 'aspnetForm', ['fctl00$WebPartAdderUpdatePanel',''], [], ['ctl00$WebPartAdder',''], 90, 'ctl00'); //]]> </script> <span id="DeltaDelegateControls"> </span> <!-- start ( this can all go into PublishingSiteAction:SiteActionMenu )---> <!-- end ( this can all go into PublishingSiteAction:SiteActionMenu )---> <div id="ctl00_MicrobarContainer" class="top-microbar-container"> <script> ; (function ($) { $.fn.responsiveMenu = function (options) { var settings = $.extend({ breakWidth: 600, label: 'Visit our other sites', position: 'left' }, options); var menu = $(this); var clone = menu.clone().insertBefore(menu).removeAttr('class').removeAttr('id'); var wrapper = $('<div class="responsive-menu rm-' + settings.position + '"></div>'); var button = $('<button onclick="return false;" class="rm-toggle">' + (settings.label ? '<span class="caret"></span><span class="rm-label">' + settings.label + '</span>' : '') + '</button>'); wrapper.insertBefore(menu); wrapper.prepend(clone); wrapper.prepend(button); var switchMenu = function () { if ($(window).width() <= settings.breakWidth) { wrapper.show(); menu.hide(); } else { wrapper.hide(); menu.hide(); } }; switchMenu(); button.click(function () { clone.toggle(); }); $(window).resize(switchMenu); }; })(window.Zepto || window.jQuery); </script> <script> $(function () { $('#menu').responsiveMenu({ breakWidth: 1000, // label: false, position: 'right' }); }); </script> <div id="ctl00__fed8b729f04e9c9b_headerLinks"><div class="headerNav"> <div class="headerNavContent"> <ul class="headerNavTabs"> <li class="headerNavTab firstNavTab"><a href="http://www.iasp-pain.org/" target="_blank">International Association for the Study of Pain</a></li> <li class="headerNavTab middleTab on"><a href="/pain">PAIN</a></li> <li class="headerNavTab lastNavTab"><a href="/painrpts" target="_blank">PAIN Reports</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <ul id="menu" class="navbar dummyhidden" style="display:none;"> <li><a href="http://www.iasp-pain.org/" target="_blank">International Association for the Study of Pain</a></li> <li><a href="/pain">PAIN</a></li> <li><a href="/painrpts" target="_blank">PAIN Reports</a></li> </ul> <style type="text/css"> div.headerNav { background-color: #00324F; height: 30px; width: 100%; word-spacing: 1.5px; } div.headerNavContent { margin: 0 auto; min-height: 30px; padding-right: 80px; width: 960px; } ul.headerNavTabs { clear: both; display: block; left: auto; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; width: 960px; } li.firstNavTab { width: 320px; } li.on { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #005282 !important; } li.headerNavTab { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #00324F; display: inline; float: left; height: 30px; margin: 0; padding: 0; } ul.headerNavTabs li { display: inline; float: left; text-align: center; } li.neurologyJournalTab { width: 181px; } li.neurologyJournalTab { position: relative; } ul.headerNavTabs li a:link, ul.headerNavTabs li a:active, ul.headerNavTabs li a:hover, ul.headerNavTabs li a:visited { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; outline: 0 none; position: relative; text-decoration: none; } li.middleTab { width: 320px; } li.lastNavTab { float: left; width: 320px; } li.lastNavTab, li.lastMainNavTab { float: right; } span.headerNavTab { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 9px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; outline: 0 none; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: 10px; } li.on a { color: #ffffff !important; } @-moz-document url-prefix() { ul.headerNavTabs li a:link, ul.headerNavTabs li a:active, ul.headerNavTabs li a:hover, ul.headerNavTabs li a:visited { top: 6px; } span.headerNavTab { top: 6px; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { setHeaderLinks(); }); function setHeaderLinks() { $('li.headerNavTab').click(function (event) { }).mouseenter(function () { if ($(this).children('ul').length > 0) { $(this).children('ul').show(); $(this).css('background-color', '#194F3D'); } }).mouseleave(function () { if ($(this).children('ul').length > 0) { $(this).children('ul').hide(); $(this).css('background-color', '#323232'); } }); } </script></div> </div> <!-- Header Banners delegate control --> <a id="HiddenAnchor" href="javascript:;" style="display: none;"></a> <!-- Header Advertisements delegate control --> <div id="ctl00_TopAdvertisementContainer" class="advertisement-content_top top-banner"> <div class="top-banner__content--centered top-banner--low-opacity"> <div id="ctl00_ctl49_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ej-advertisement-topcombo"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_825a4237-666e-4da3-ab5d-8691e7aeaa8c" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_825a4237-666e-4da3-ab5d-8691e7aeaa8c" data-sizemap="[[[730, 500], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[300, 50]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/pain/Other/Top" data-autoload="yes" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="yes" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="5" data-name="Top"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div id="main-container"> <!-- Header delegate control --> <header class="header"> <div class="header__holder"> <div class="header__layout-top no-logo wk-grid-page-container"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/UserToolbarDropdown.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <section class="user-action-toolbar"> <ul class="user-menu user-info" role="tablist"> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liLogin" class="user-menu__item user-menu__item--popup-container user-menu__item--login-popup-container dib"> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn" type="button" data-config="{&quot;eventName&quot;:&quot;login&quot;,&quot;eventDetail&quot;:{&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Masthead Dropdown&quot;},&quot;isNull&quot;:false}"> <i class="fa fa-sign-in"></i> <span>Log in</span> </button> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liOr" class="dib or-spacing"><span>or</span></li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liRegister2" class="user-menu__item dib"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_RegisterUserPopupLnk" class="user-menu__link js-register-link" data-config="{&quot;eventName&quot;:&quot;Register&quot;,&quot;eventDetail&quot;:{&quot;source&quot;:&quot;Masthead Dropdown&quot;},&quot;isNull&quot;:false}" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx">Register</a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liSubscribe" role="presentation" class="user-menu__item dib"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_lnkSubscribe" class="user-menu__link" href="https://shop.lww.com/p/0304-3959" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i> <span class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to journal</span><span class="showOnFixed">Subscribe</span></a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liIssueAlerts" class="user-menu__item dib"> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(&#39;PAIN&#39;,&#39;pain&#39;,&#39;eTOC&#39;, &#39;eTOC&#39;);;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(&#39;PAIN&#39;,&#39;pain&#39;,&#39;eTOC&#39;, &#39;eTOC&#39;);" class="user-menu__link"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToAlertsActionToolLink_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Get new issue alerts</span><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToAlertsActionToolLink_stickyText" class="showOnFixed">Get alerts</span></a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liDynamicItem" class="user-menu__item dib"> <i class="fa fa-stop user-menu__dynamic-item-icon"></i> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_lnkDynamicItem" class="user-menu__link" href="https://members.iasp-pain.org/IASP/Check_Login.aspx">Become an IASP Member</a> </li> </ul> </section> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlunSubscribeToAlerts" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ej-box-modal-style-1"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlMain"> <div id="tocUnsubscribeModal" > <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage"></span> </p> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons" Style="display: none;"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue" value="Yes" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="No" id="btnCancel" aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenTopicalCollectionId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenOvidId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup(title, alertType, journalId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Root(title, journalId, alertType) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Citation(title, journalId, ovidId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Citation'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId').value = ovidId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Topical(title, journalId, topicalCollectionId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Topical'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId').value = topicalCollectionId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCSuccessPopup() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.hide(); } return false; }); </script> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" value="showemail" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscriptionType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType" /> <div id="divPopupOverLay" class="Popup-Overlay" style="display: none; position: fixed; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 3800; width: 1920px; height: 4517px;"></div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc" class="etoc-popup ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, &#39;ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue&#39;)"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblTitle"></span> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage"></span></strong> </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError" style="color:Black;display:none;"> <div class="ej-error-message"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon error-red"> </p> </div> </span> <label for="Email input">Enter your Email address:</label> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$txtEmailAddress" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress" class="ej-box-modal-style-1-input" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue" value="Continue" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions(&quot;ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue&quot;, &quot;&quot;, true, &quot;&quot;, &quot;&quot;, false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hypPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle"></span> </strong> </p> </div> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pAuthenticatedUserMessage"> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_SaveSubscriptionTypeInHiddenField(url, subscriptionType, journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId) { if (journalId && yearId && issueId && articleId) { logCounterDataAlertWhenCitedSynchronously(journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId); } $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').val(journalId); if (url) window.location = url; else __doPostBack('hypSubscribeToAlerts'); return false; } function alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(journalTitle, journalId, subscriptionType, displaySubscriptionType) { $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); var subscribeToEtocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); subscribeToEtocPopup.show(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add('no-scroll'); var modelPopupState = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState'); var emailTextBox = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress'); var thanksPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser'); var mainPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain'); var thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage'); var thankYouMessageAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle'); if (!displaySubscriptionType) { displaySubscriptionType = subscriptionType; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showthanksmessage') { thanksPanel.style.display = "block"; mainPanel.style.display = "none"; thankYouMessageAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for subscribing to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') { thanksPanel.style.display = "none"; mainPanel.style.display = "block"; thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if ($('.etoc-popup') != null) { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') emailTextBox.focus(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function () { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress').value = ""; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').style.display = "none"; var pageUrl = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl'); var subscribeeTocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); if (subscribeeTocPopup != null) { subscribeeTocPopup.hide(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.remove('no-scroll'); if (pageUrl.value !== '' && pageUrl.value !== window.location.pathname) window.location = pageUrl.value; } return false; }); </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_eTocTopContainer"> <div id="eTocTop" style="display: none;"> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(&#39;PAIN&#39;,&#39;pain&#39;,&#39;eTOC&#39;, &#39;eTOC&#39;);;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(&#39;PAIN&#39;,&#39;pain&#39;,&#39;eTOC&#39;, &#39;eTOC&#39;);"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_alertLinkControlTop_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to eTOC</span></a> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { //find recent searches link and move container var recentSearchesControl = $("a[id$='RecentSearches']"); if (recentSearchesControl.length) { recentSearchesControl.click(function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); if ($("#ResentSearchContainer").is(":hidden")) { $("#ResentSearchContainer").slideDown("slow"); recentSearchesControl.addClass('open'); } else { $("#ResentSearchContainer").hide(); recentSearchesControl.removeClass('open'); } }); } var eTocAccountLink = $("ul.js-user-action-toolbar__dropdown>li>a[id='SubscribeToEToc']"); if (eTocAccountLink.length) { eTocAccountLink.parent().html($("#eTocTop>a")); } }); </script> <a class="logo-secondary" href="" target="_blank"> <h3 class="logo-secondary-text">Secondary Logo</h3> </a> <a href="#" class="sticky-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </div> <div class="header__layout-bottom wk-grid-page-container"> <a id="hypJournals" class="logo-main" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/default.aspx"> <h3 class="logo-main-text">Journal Logo </h3> </a> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="true" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/JPAIN/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </div> <div id="main-nav-container-v2"> <nav id="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-default yamm wk-grid-page-container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button id="fatJuicy" type="button" class="navbar-hamburger-button navbar-toggle collapsed pull-left" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#zz1_TopNavigationMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="navbar-hamburger-button__text"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navActionButtons" class="btn-group navbar-hover-color" role="group" aria-label="..."> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_lnkSubscribe" class="btn btn-default navbar-button" href="https://shop.lww.com/p/0304-3959" target="_blank">Subscribe</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_lnkRegister" class="btn btn-default navbar-button" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx">Register</a> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn btn btn-default navbar-button" type="button" data-config="{&quot;eventName&quot;:&quot;login&quot;,&quot;eventDetail&quot;:{},&quot;isNull&quot;:false}"> <span>Login</span> </button> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_TopNavigationMenuConfiguration" style="display:none" class="js-top-navigation-menu-configuration" data-config="{&quot;browsingHistory&quot;:{&quot;isEnabled&quot;:true,&quot;serviceUrl&quot;:&quot;https://apim-hlrp-ejp-prod.azure-api.net/ee&quot;,&quot;pdfDownloadUrl&quot;:&quot;/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=HistoryTab&quot;}}"></div> <div id="zz1_TopNavigationMenu" class="navbar-collapse collapse js-top-navigation-menu noindex ms-core-listMenu-horizontalBox"> <ul id="zz2_RootAspMenu" class="root ms-core-listMenu-root static"> <li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Articles &amp; Issues</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/currenttoc.aspx" accesskey="1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Current Issue</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/issuelist.aspx?mode=cover"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Previous Issues - Archived Issues</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=5"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Previous Issues - Supplements</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/toc/publishahead"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Articles in Press</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Collections</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=4"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Press Releases</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=26"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2024: Global Year About Sex and Gender Disparities in Pain</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=25"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2023: Global Year for Integrative Pain Care</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=24"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2022: Global Year for Translating Pain Knowledge to Practice </span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=22"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2021: Global Year About Back Pain</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=21"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2020: Global Year for the Prevention of Pain</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=18"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2019: Global Year Against Pain in the Most Vulnerable</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=14"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2018: Global Year for Excellence in Pain Education</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=7"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2017: Global Year Against Pain After Surgery</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=6"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2016: Global Year Against Pain in the Joints</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=2"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2015: Global Year Against Neuropathic Pain</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=3"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">PAIN 2014: Global Year Against Orofacial Pain</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=5"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Supplements</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=23"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">IASP Presidential Task Force on Cannabis and Cannabinoid Analgesia</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/collections.aspx?collection=Topical"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">View All</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static"><a class="static menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/videogallery.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Videos</span></span></a></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">For Authors</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="http://www.editorialmanager.com/pain/default.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Submit a Manuscript</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/informationforauthors.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Information for Authors</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/editservices.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Language Editing Services</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://cdn-tp2.mozu.com/16833-m1/cms/files/Author-Document.pdf?_mzts=636519775710000000"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Author Permissions</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Journal Info</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/aboutthejournal.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">About the Journal</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/editorialboard.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Editorial Board</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="http://www.iasp-pain.org/"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">IASP</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/advertising.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Advertising</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/subscriptionservices.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Subscription Services</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/reprintsmedicine.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Reprints</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="http://www.wkopenhealth.com/"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Open Access</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Rights and Permissions</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/pain/Pages/informationforreviewers.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Information for Reviewers</span></span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="true" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/JPAIN/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <!-- topbanner start --> <!-- topbanner start --> <!-- topbanner end --> <!-- topbanner end --> <div id="main-container-content" class="wk-grid-page-container"> <div id="DeltaWebPartAdderUpdatePanelContainer" class="ms-core-webpartadder"> <div id="WebPartAdderUpdatePanelContainer"> <div id="ctl00_WebPartAdderUpdatePanel"> <span id="ctl00_WebPartAdder"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="notificationArea" class="ms-notif-box"></div> <div id="DeltaPageStatusBar"> <div id="pageStatusBar"></div> </div> <div id="DeltaPlaceHolderMain" class="delta-place-holder-main"> <a id="mainContent" name="mainContent" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="twocolumns flex flex-column"> <div class="main-content content"> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_BreadCrumbWebPart"> <div id="breadcrumb"> <span><a href="#ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_BreadCrumbWebPart_ctl00_SkipLink"><img alt="Skip Navigation Links" src="/WebResource.axd?d=ZdHLNOBfq6JUiC9s-CKji8cvmmg2S5xB34ozHt8eQLRqK-DMqzUx92pQxHBLywemjNNx0F5FIVStsb-W0R6XRhz_crZsHHpyu_PrdD9A8Xk1&amp;t=637811513229275428" width="0" height="0" style="border-width:0px;" /></a><span><a href="/pain/pages/default.aspx">Home</a></span><span> &gt; </span><span class="breadcrumb-current">Rights and Permissions</span><a id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_BreadCrumbWebPart_ctl00_SkipLink"></a></span> </div> </div> <h1>Rights and Permissions</h1> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_Content_label" style='display:none'>Page Content</div><div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_Content__ControlWrapper_RichHtmlField" class="ms-rtestate-field" style="display:inline" aria-labelledby="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_Content_label"><p>Wolters Kluwer Health has partnered with Copyright Clearance Center's Rightslink service to offer a variety of options for content to be reused in&#58;</p> <ul> <li>Books/Textbooks</li> <li>Periodicals (Journals, Magazines, Newsletters and Newspapers)</li> <li>Promotional Materials (Brochures, Pamphlets, and Posters)</li> <li>Presentations and Slide Kits</li> <li>CD-ROMs and DVDs</li> <li>Posts on Websites and Intranets</li> <li>Email Distributions</li> <li>Government Reports</li> <li>Coursepacks, Classroom Materials, Training Materials and CMEs</li> <li>Library reserves and E-reserves</li> <li>Distributed Photocopies</li> <li>Conference Proceedings</li> <li>Dissertations and Theses</li></ul> <p>Article-specific Rightslink information can be accessed directly from articles on the journal website.</p> <p>For questions about the Rightslink service, <a href="mailto&#58;customercare@copyright.com">email Customer Care</a> or call 877-622-5543 (U.S. Only) or 978-777-9929.</p> <p><i><span>Copyright for the Faces Pain Scale is managed by the International Association for the Study of Pain via their website. To request permission to use the Faces Pain Scale, please visit <a href="http&#58;//www.iasp-pain.org/FPSR" target="_blank">http&#58;//www.iasp-pain.org/FPSR</a>.</span></i></p> <h3 class="ej-static-h3">Frequently Asked Questions</h3> <p><strong>Why do I need to request permissions?</strong><br>Before anyone can legally sell, publish or distribute someone else's copyrighted work, they must obtain the permission of the copyrighted owner. This rule applies even if only using extracts or samples from the work.</p> <p>It is each employee's responsibility to ensure that you respect the rights of others and only use their work when it is correct to do so.</p> <p>Permission is needed to publish any figure or table previously published, or re-use an abstract or portion of text. Permission is also needed to publish an adaption of any figure or table previously published.</p> <ul> <li>Altering the axes or headings in a figure, or altering the headings in a table (or adding one or two additional lines, or rearranging the layout but retaining the existing content) is not sufficient to avoid the need to obtain re-use permission from the copyright holder.</li></ul> <p><strong>How do I find out whether figures/tables have been previously published?</strong><br>If a figure/table legend in a submitted manuscript reads&#58; 'Reproduced from...' or 'Adapted from...' or 'Modified from...' or if just carries a reference number from the reference list then permission should be obtained to republish it.</p> <ul> <li>Check the references to obtain the exact citation</li> <li>Contact the author of the new work if necessary to ask for more specific information</li> <li>Alternatively ascertain this by finding the original work on the internet</li></ul> <p><strong>What if the figure says 'Data from...'?</strong><br>Permission may not be needed if the figure or table is a new work using data from a previous publication. You should still ensure that the original data source or sources are clearly acknowledged in the published work.</p> <p><strong>What information do I need in order to request permission?</strong></p> <ul> <li>The citation of the article the figure/table/text was originally published in</li> <li>Preferably the original figure/table number</li> <li>Whether a figure/table has been adapted from the original</li> <li>The citation of the article/project that the figure/table will be re-published in</li> <li>The number of copies to be published</li> <li>Whether this will be translated or in the original language</li></ul> <p><strong>For permissions for new journal publications (e.g. supplements or new articles for submission to LWW or Adis journals) you should also consider&#58;</strong></p> <ul> <li>The number of copies to be published should include the journal readership/circulation as well as any additional copies.</li> <li>The permission should include Electronic rights so we can publish online</li> <li>The permission should not be one-off only as this would exclude reprints</li> <li>Ideally it should not specify only English-Language rights so we can do translation</li></ul> <p><strong>How do I know who holds the copyright?</strong><br>For most STM publishers, when articles are submitted for publication the copyright is assigned to the journal by the author as part of the standard acceptance procedure. This means that in most cases the publisher of the original article will hold the copyright for the figure or table you wish to re-use. In some instances the author may retain copyright for the work (especially for books), in which case the publisher will be able to let you know. In the case of material published on the internet the best place to start is normally by contacting the web site owner.</p> <p><strong>How do I request permission?</strong><br>Many publishers now use services such as Rightslink to handle their permissions processes. This includes Adis, LWW (Wolters Kluwer), Elsevier, Wiley Blackwell, Springer etc. Others will still have a permissions department internally and you can usually find contact details via the publisher's web site.</p> <p><strong>What if the author of my new article is the author of the original article I want to use figures/tables from?</strong><br>If any of the authors of the new article were authors of the original article, state this in your request, because the permission is likely to be a lot cheaper or free. Better still, if possible ask them to request the permission directly.</p> <p>If you are requesting an author permission through a means other than Rightslink, it may be worthwhile looking at the publisher's website for an 'author permissions' section to see whether the permission is free or does not need requesting.</p> <p><strong>In Rightslink, when it asks who is requesting the permission, can I use 'publisher' for all my requests?</strong><br>No, because in the majority of cases you will be requesting permission on behalf of the for-profit commercial organisation who wants to use the material. Only if you are republishing the material in a new publication with an ISSN or ISBN should you legitimately state that the request is on behalf of the publisher –- in these cases you are likely to be applying for permission on behalf of the author of the new publication.<br><br></p> <p><a href="http&#58;//www.lww.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/content_resources_permissions-journals_11851_-1_12551" target="_blank">Learn more about LWW Journal Permissions</a></p></div> </div> <aside class="main-content aside"> <div class="ms-webpart-zone ms-fullWidth"> <div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ2" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="a4d9bfec-897f-435f-812a-1d1ec06f28f4" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ2" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_a4d9bfec_897f_435f_812a_1d1ec06f28f4"> <div class="content-box-body html-contents border-box"> <br> <p align="center"> <a href="http&#58;//www.iasp-pain.org/" target="_blank"><img src="/pain/PublishingImages/IASP_50_Logo_FullColor_RGB%20(6).png" data-pin-nopin="true" border="0" alt="" style="width&#58;300px;height&#58;142px;" /></a>&#160;</p> <br> <p align="center"> <a href="https&#58;//www.facebook.com/IASP.pain" title="PAIN Facebook" target="_blank"> <img src="/pain/PublishingImages/facebook2.png" data-pin-nopin="true" border="0" alt="" style="margin&#58;5px;" /></a> <a href="https&#58;//twitter.com/painthejournal" title="PAIN Twitter" target="_blank"> <img src="/pain/PublishingImages/twitter2.png" data-pin-nopin="true" border="0" alt="" style="margin&#58;5px;" /></a> <a href="https&#58;//www.linkedin.com/company/1022844" title="PAIN LinkedIn" target="_blank"> <img src="/pain/PublishingImages/linkedin.png" data-pin-nopin="true" border="0" alt="" style="margin&#58;5px;" /></a> &#160;</p> </div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div><div class="ms-PartSpacingVertical"></div> </div><div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ1" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="063bba8b-9d31-4dda-89bb-67f09fa3f91c" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ1" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_063bba8b_9d31_4dda_89bb_67f09fa3f91c"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_063bba8b_9d31_4dda_89bb_67f09fa3f91c_ctl00_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ej-advertisement-middle"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_55bff186-6f23-45ac-acb8-2e34ff7cb707" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_55bff186-6f23-45ac-acb8-2e34ff7cb707" data-sizemap="[[[0, 0], [[300, 250]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/pain/Other/Right" data-autoload="no" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="no" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="0" data-name="Right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> <div style='display:none' id='hidZone'><menu class="ms-hide"> <ie:menuitem id="MSOMenu_Help" iconsrc="/_layouts/15/images/HelpIcon.gif" onmenuclick="MSOWebPartPage_SetNewWindowLocation(MenuWebPart.getAttribute('helpLink'), MenuWebPart.getAttribute('helpMode'))" text="Help" type="option" style="display:none"> </ie:menuitem> </menu></div> </div> <div id="DeltaFormDigest"> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ var formDigestElement = document.getElementsByName('__REQUESTDIGEST')[0]; if (!((formDigestElement == null) || (formDigestElement.tagName.toLowerCase() != 'input') || (formDigestElement.type.toLowerCase() != 'hidden') || (formDigestElement.value == null) || (formDigestElement.value.length <= 0))) { formDigestElement.value = '0xC8435F9CCD6ABB2A8485972DA3281A4F351787F9186CE0BA31F9A34C12148E937068FAA4880F986DA7F35DEE860E709EE8E165E214D028F40C05FB3692E6AE55,04 Dec 2024 10:36:29 -0000';_spPageContextInfo.updateFormDigestPageLoaded = new Date(); } //]]> </script> </div> </div> <!-- Footer Delegate Control --> <footer class="ejp-footer"> <div class="container wk-grid-page-container"> <a class="ejp-footer__back-to-top-link"><i class="fa fa-angle-up b ejp-footer__back-to-top-link-icon"></i>Back to Top</a> <div class="ejp-footer__main-content"> <!-- Footer smart control --> <div class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section"> <section class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-wrapper js-section-alert"> <div class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-image-container"> <img src="https://images.journals.lww.com/pain/XLargeThumb.00006396-202412000-00000.CV.jpeg" id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_imgAlertControl" alt="Current Issue Cover Image" class="" /> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-text-holder"> <h4 id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_headerAlertControl">Never Miss an Issue</h4> <div class="js-section-alert__content"> <span id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_spanBodyAlertControl" class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-info">Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox</span> <input name="ctl00$ctl56$FooterSmartControl$ctl00$userEmailAlertControl" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_userEmailAlertControl" class="js-section-alert__email" placeholder="Type your email" /> <span class="js-section-alert--error"></span> <button id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_buttonAlertControl" type="button" class="js-section-alert__subscribe-button" data-alert-type="Etoc" data-subscribed-msg="You are now subscribed to receive eTOC alerts whenever new issues are published">Get New Issue Alerts</button> </div> </div> </section> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { $("#smartWpMostPopularLink").on('click', function() { window.location = "https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx?WT.mc_id=HPxADx20100319xMP"; }); })(jQuery); </script> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__info-holder"> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_divLeftColumn" class="ejp-footer__info-left-wrapper"> <div class="ejp-footer__info-block"> <h4 class="ejp-footer__info-block-header">Browse Journal Content</h4> <ul class="ejp-footer__info-block-two-col-list"> <li> <a href='/pain/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Most Popular</a> </li> <li> <a href='/pain/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/informationforauthors.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href='/pain/pages/aboutthejournal.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">About the Journal</a> </li> <li> <a href='/pain/pages/issuelist.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Past Issues</a> </li> <li> <a href='/pain/pages/currenttoc.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Current Issue</a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl56_liRegister"><a id="ctl00_ctl56_lnkRegister" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx">Register on the website</a></li> <li id="ctl00_ctl56_liSubscribe" role="presentation"><a id="ctl00_ctl56_lnkSubscribe" href="https://shop.lww.com/p/0304-3959" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="ctl00_ctl56_liHyperSubscribeToEtoc"><a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(&#39;PAIN&#39;,&#39;pain&#39;,&#39;eTOC&#39;, &#39;eTOC&#39;);;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(&#39;PAIN&#39;,&#39;pain&#39;,&#39;eTOC&#39;, &#39;eTOC&#39;);"><span id="ctl00_ctl56_alertLinkControl_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Get eTOC Alerts</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_divRightColumn" class="ejp-footer__info-right-wrapper"> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_divForJournalAuthors" class="ejp-footer__info-block"> <h4 class="ejp-footer__info-block-header">For Journal Authors</h4> <ul> <li class=''> <a href='/pain/_layouts/15/1033/oaks.journals/informationforauthors.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Submit an article</a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='https://wkauthorservices.editage.com/' target='_blank' rel="noopener">How to publish with us</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__info-block ejp-footer__info-block--custom-service"> <h4 class="ejp-footer__info-block-header">Customer Service</h4> <div id="liveagent_button_online_5730V0000019KUh" style="display: none; border: 0px none; cursor: pointer" onclick="liveagent.startChat('5730V0000019KUh')" class="live-chat__button live-chat__button--on"> <i class="live-chat__button-icon wk-icon-filled-dialogue-white-r"></i> <span class="live-chat__button-text">Live Chat</span> </div> <div id="liveagent_button_offline_5730V0000019KUh" style="display: none; border: 0px none;" class="live-chat__button live-chat__button--off"> <i class="live-chat__button-icon wk-icon-filled-dialogue-gray-r"></i> <span class="live-chat__button-text">Chat Offline</span> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> if (!window._laq) { window._laq = []; } window._laq.push(function () { liveagent.showWhenOnline('5730V0000019KUh', document.getElementById('liveagent_button_online_5730V0000019KUh')); liveagent.showWhenOffline('5730V0000019KUh', document.getElementById('liveagent_button_offline_5730V0000019KUh')); }); </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://c.la1-c1-ia5.salesforceliveagent.com/content/g/js/47.0/deployment.js'></script> <script type='text/javascript'> liveagent.init('https://d.la1-c1-ia5.salesforceliveagent.com/chat', '5720V00000158LL', '00Dd0000000dixc'); </script> <ul> <li class='ejp-footer--show-on-mobile'> <a href='https://lww.com/secure/pages/activatesubscription.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Activate your journal subscription</a> </li> <li class='ejp-footer--hide-on-mobile'> <a href='https://lww.com/secure/pages/activatesubscription.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Activate Journal Subscription</a> </li> <li class='ejp-footer--hide-on-mobile'> <a href='https://wkhlrp.my.site.com/LippincottOnlineHelpCenter/s/' target='' rel="noopener">Browse the help center</a> </li> <li class='ejp-footer--show-on-mobile'> <a href='https://wkhealth.force.com/lwwonline/s/topic/0TO0V000001YgLZWA0/lww-online?tabset-ddbfe=2' target='' rel="noopener">Help</a> </li> <li><span class="ejp-footer--show-on-mobile">Contact us at:</span> <ul> <li class="ejp-footer__contacts-wrapper ejp-footer__email-settings"> <div class="ejp-footer--show-on-mobile">Support:</div> <a href="https://www.tfaforms.com/4966570" id="ctl00_ctl56_custSupport" target="_blank">Submit a Service Request</a> </li> <li class="ejp-footer__contacts-wrapper ejp-footer__phone-settings"> <div class="ejp-footer--show-on-mobile ejp-footer__phone-settings--version"> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_telMobileUSA">TEL: (USA):</div> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_telMobileInt">TEL: (Int’l):</div> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__phone-settings--holder"> <div> 800-638-3030 <span class="ejp-footer--hide-on-mobile">(within USA)</span> </div> <div> 301-223-2300 <span class="ejp-footer--hide-on-mobile">(international)</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul><li> <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings ot-ejp-btn" onclick="return false;">Cookie Settings</button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <span id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterConfiguration" class="js-config-provider" data-config="{&quot;loginConfiguration&quot;:{&quot;serviceUrl&quot;:&quot;https://services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/AccountService.svc/Login&quot;,&quot;registerUrl&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx&quot;,&quot;forgotPasswordUrl&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/forgotpassword.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx&quot;,&quot;redirectUrl&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/pages/login.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fpain%2fPages%2frightsandpermissions.aspx&quot;,&quot;tokenKey&quot;:&quot;AppSsoToken&quot;,&quot;ssoLoginOptions&quot;:[{&quot;loginHref&quot;:&quot;https://members.iasp-pain.org/IASP/C_Systems_LWW_SSO.aspx?ReturnUrl=https://journals.lww.com/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx&quot;,&quot;imageSrc&quot;:&quot;/pain/PublishingImages/sso-logo.jpg&quot;,&quot;linkPrefixText&quot;:&quot;IASP Members&quot;,&quot;linkText&quot;:&quot;Log in here >&quot;}],&quot;customerService&quot;:{&quot;customerServiceUSPhone&quot;:&quot;(800) 638-3030&quot;,&quot;customerServiceInternationalPhone&quot;:&quot;301-223-2300&quot;,&quot;customerServiceEmail&quot;:&quot;customerservice@lww.com&quot;},&quot;useAlternativeAccountLinks&quot;:false},&quot;commonConfiguration&quot;:{&quot;commonEndpoints&quot;:{&quot;addToFavoritesServiceUrl&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/UserCollectionsService.svc/AddToFavorites&quot;,&quot;saveSearchServiceUrl&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/UserCollectionsService.svc/SaveSearch&quot;,&quot;counterDataServiceUrl&quot;:&quot;https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/DualAccessService.svc/SendCounterDataRequestByAN&quot;},&quot;kaltura&quot;:{&quot;partnerId&quot;:&quot;1315631&quot;,&quot;playerId&quot;:&quot;52253872&quot;,&quot;kalturaWidgetUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1315631/embedPlaykitJs/uiconf_id/52253872&quot;},&quot;brightCove&quot;:{&quot;brightCoveScriptUrl&quot;:&quot;https://players.brightcove.net/2324982687001/HyP0JSARx_default/index.min.js&quot;,&quot;dataAccount&quot;:&quot;2324982687001&quot;,&quot;dataPlayer&quot;:&quot;HyP0JSARx&quot;},&quot;math&quot;:{&quot;libUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js&quot;},&quot;recoWidget&quot;:{&quot;journals&quot;:[{&quot;Id&quot;:&quot;pain&quot;,&quot;Version&quot;:&quot;04.03&quot;,&quot;ProductCode&quot;:&quot;jpain&quot;}],&quot;pubFilter&quot;:{},&quot;clientId&quot;:&quot;ejp_v3&quot;,&quot;libUrl&quot;:&quot;https://assets.ovid.com/widget/v3/widget.js&quot;},&quot;sciteBadge&quot;:{&quot;libUrl&quot;:&quot;https://cdn.scite.ai/badge/scite-badge-latest.min.js&quot;}}}"></span> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_footerSocialDiv" class="ejp-footer__social-links ejp-footer--dashed-decore"> <ul id="ctl00_ctl56_socialList"> <li class=''> <a href='https://X.com/painthejournal' target='_blank' title="X" aria-label="X" rel="noopener"> <img style='display:none' src=''> <i class='wk-icon-filled-x' aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="ejp-footer__useful-links"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkLegal" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/oaks.journals/disclaimer.aspx">Legal Disclaimer</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkTermsOfUse" href="https://journals.lww.com/pain/_layouts/oaks.journals/terms.aspx">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkNIHPublicAccess" href="https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lippincott-journals/lippincott-open-access">Open Access Policy</a></li> <li class=''> <a href='/pain/Secure/Pages/feedback.aspx' target=''> <img style='display:none' src='' /> <i class=''></i> Feedback </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='https://lww.com/' target=''> <img style='display:none' src='' /> <i class=''></i> LWW Journals </a> </li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkCAPrivacyChoices" href="https://privacyportal-de.onetrust.com/webform/2217e117-526b-4696-8a98-8c402f8f2b81/5b049ba3-0106-4b77-a7da-5d12238c90a4">Your California Privacy Choices</a> <img src="/_layouts/1033/IMAGES/OAKS.Journals/CAPrivacyPolicy.png" id="ctl00_ctl56_imgCAPrivacyPolicyChoices" class="wk-footer__ca-privacy-logo" alt="California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Opt-Out Icon" /> </li> </ul> <ul class="ejp-footer__copyright-block"> <li><span>Copyright&nbsp;&copy;&nbsp;2024</span></li> <li><a href="http://www.iasp-pain.org/" target="_blank">International Association for the Study of Pain</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <!--Scripts --> <!--<script src="~/js/ejp-scripts.js"></script> --> <script> $(document).on('click', '.yamm .dropdown-menu', function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); }); </script> <!-- Additional custom controls --> <!-- High Impact Advertisement --> <div id="ctl00_ctl59_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ejp-advertisement-highimpact js-advertisement-highimpact"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_50159574-a5a5-4c17-9439-5cddf0dc7fb1" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_50159574-a5a5-4c17-9439-5cddf0dc7fb1" data-sizemap="[[[992, 500], [[300, 250]]], [[768, 180], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[300, 50]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/pain/HighImpact" data-autoload="yes" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="yes" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="10" data-name="HighImpact"></div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Bottom Banner --> <!-- QuantcastTracker - don't have key in configuration DB, seems like controls is deprecated --> <!----> <div id="ga_Top1" class="ad-slot-container" data-sizemap="" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/pain/Home/Interstitial" data-autoload="yes" data-outofpage="yes" data-sticky="no" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="10" data-name="Interstitial"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var Page_Validators = new Array(document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError")); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError = document.all ? document.all["ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError"] : document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError"); ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError.display = "Dynamic"; ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError.validationGroup = "EmailValidationGroup"; ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError.evaluationfunction = "CustomValidatorEvaluateIsValid"; //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var _spFormDigestRefreshInterval = 1440000;window.SPThemeUtils && SPThemeUtils.ApplyCurrentTheme(true); IsSPSocialSwitchEnabled = function() { return true; };var _fV4UI = true; function _RegisterWebPartPageCUI() { var initInfo = {editable: false,isEditMode: false,allowWebPartAdder: false,listId: "{cb586a84-edb6-465e-9efe-668a4ed65724}",itemId: 37,recycleBinEnabled: true,enableMinorVersioning: false,enableModeration: false,forceCheckout: false,rootFolderUrl: "\u002fpain\u002fPages",itemPermissions:{High:0,Low:200769}}; SP.Ribbon.WebPartComponent.registerWithPageManager(initInfo); var wpcomp = SP.Ribbon.WebPartComponent.get_instance(); var hid; hid = document.getElementById("_wpSelected"); if (hid != null) { var wpid = hid.value; if (wpid.length > 0) { var zc = document.getElementById(wpid); if (zc != null) wpcomp.selectWebPart(zc, false); } } hid = document.getElementById("_wzSelected"); if (hid != null) { var wzid = hid.value; if (wzid.length > 0) { wpcomp.selectWebPartZone(null, wzid); } } }; function __RegisterWebPartPageCUI() { ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(_RegisterWebPartPageCUI, "sp.ribbon.js");} _spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames.push("__RegisterWebPartPageCUI");var __wpmExportWarning='This Web Part Page has been personalized. As a result, one or more Web Part properties may contain confidential information. Make sure the properties contain information that is safe for others to read. After exporting this Web Part, view properties in the Web Part description file (.WebPart) by using a text editor such as Microsoft Notepad.';var __wpmCloseProviderWarning='You are about to close this Web Part. It is currently providing data to other Web Parts, and these connections will be deleted if this Web Part is closed. To close this Web Part, click OK. To keep this Web Part, click Cancel.';var __wpmDeleteWarning='You are about to permanently delete this Web Part. Are you sure you want to do this? To delete this Web Part, click OK. To keep this Web Part, click Cancel.'; var Page_ValidationActive = false; if (typeof(ValidatorOnLoad) == "function") { ValidatorOnLoad(); } function ValidatorOnSubmit() { if (Page_ValidationActive) { return ValidatorCommonOnSubmit(); } else { return true; } } //]]> </script> <script type='text/javascript'>SP.SOD.set_prefetch(0);</script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ WPSC.Init(document); var varPartWPQ1 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ1','063bba8b-9d31-4dda-89bb-67f09fa3f91c',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ1')); var varPartWPQ2 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ2','a4d9bfec-897f-435f-812a-1d1ec06f28f4',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ2')); WPSC.WebPartPage.WebURL = 'https:\u002f\u002fjournals.lww.com\u002fpain'; WPSC.WebPartPage.WebServerRelativeURL = '\u002fpain'; var g_clientIdDeltaPlaceHolderMain = "DeltaPlaceHolderMain"; var g_clientIdDeltaPlaceHolderUtilityContent = "DeltaPlaceHolderUtilityContent"; Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","DropShadow":true,"PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlunSubscribeToAlerts","dynamicServicePath":"/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx","id":"unSubscribeToAlerts"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_dummyTargetControl")); }); Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","DropShadow":true,"PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc","dynamicServicePath":"/pain/Pages/rightsandpermissions.aspx","id":"subscribeToEtoc"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl")); }); document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').dispose = function() { Array.remove(Page_Validators, document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError')); } g_QuickLaunchControlIds.push("zz1_TopNavigationMenu");_spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames.push('QuickLaunchInitDroppable'); var g_zz1_TopNavigationMenu = null; function init_zz1_TopNavigationMenu() { if (g_zz1_TopNavigationMenu == null) g_zz1_TopNavigationMenu = $create(SP.UI.AspMenu, null, null, null, $get('zz1_TopNavigationMenu')); } if(g_spPreFetchKeys) {{ g_spPreFetchKeys.push('SP.Core.js');}}EnsureScriptFunc('SP.Core.js', 'SP.UI.AspMenu', init_zz1_TopNavigationMenu); //]]> </script> </form> <span id="DeltaPlaceHolderUtilityContent"> </span> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var g_Workspace = "s4-workspace"; // ]]> </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl64_divAdConfig" data-adconfig="{&quot;adTitle&quot;:&quot;Advertisement&quot;,&quot;slotClass&quot;:&quot;ad-slot-container&quot;,&quot;topBanner&quot;:{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;true&quot;,&quot;stickyDuration&quot;:&quot;5000&quot;},&quot;lazyLoadingEnabled&quot;:false,&quot;npiHash&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;pageTargeting&quot;:{}}" data-videoadconfig="{&quot;serverURL&quot;:&quot;https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ads&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:&quot;320x180|640x360&quot;,&quot;overlayUnitPath&quot;:&quot;/15726702761/Desktop/pain/Video/overlay&quot;,&quot;prerollUnitPath&quot;:&quot;/15726702761/Desktop/pain/Video/pre-roll&quot;,&quot;postrollUnitPath&quot;:&quot;/15726702761/Desktop/pain/Video/post-roll&quot;}" class="js-ad-config"> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl64_divScripts"><script type="text/plain" async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" class="optanon-category-C0004"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ads.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> </div> <!-- Control to add scripts depending on settings from Configuration DB like --> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { if (true) { $(".top-microbar-container").addClass('top-microbar-container-moved').insertAfter(".advertisement-content_top"); } $(function () { if (false) { $( '<div class="top-banner-verify-email">Be sure to check your email to verify your new user account! Thanks!</div>') .insertAfter(".top-microbar-container"); } }); })(jQuery); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.twttr = (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], t = window.twttr || {}; if (d.getElementById(id)) return t; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); t._e = []; t.ready = function(f) { t._e.push(f); }; return t; }(document, "script", "twitter-wjs")); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ee.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OTScriptExecutedEventHandler(e) { if (window.WKTracker && window.TrackingSetup) { window.TrackingSetup.api = window.TrackingSetup.api || {}; window.TrackingSetup.api.baseUrl = 'https://apim-hlrp-ejp-prod.azure-api.net/ee'; window.TrackingSetup.api.log = window.TrackingSetup.api.log || {}; window.TrackingSetup.api.resolve = window.TrackingSetup.api.resolve || {}; window.TrackingSetup.gdpr = window.TrackingSetup.gdpr || {}; window.TrackingSetup.gdpr.cookieUsageConsent = window.cookieUsageConsent || false; window.WKTracker.configure(window.TrackingSetup); window.WKTracker.track(); // Remove the event listener window.removeEventListener('OTScriptExecuted', OTScriptExecutedEventHandler); } } window.addEventListener('OTScriptExecuted', OTScriptExecutedEventHandler); </script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8ecb27d849e8498f',t:'MTczMzMwODU4OS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10