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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кіру</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Басқа баптаулар" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Жеке құралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Жеке құралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Қатысушы мәзірі" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_kk.wikipedia.org&uselang=kk"><span>Демеу беру</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96&returnto=%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Біз сізге есептік жазба бастауды және кіруді ұсынамыз,ол міндетті емес."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Тіркелу</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%96&returnto=%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Кіруіңізді ұсынамыз, ол міндетті емес. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кіру</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Шыққан өңдеушілерге арналған беттер <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" aria-label="Өңдеу туралы көбірек білу"><span>көбірек білу</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжаймен жасаған өңдемелер тізімі [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Үлесім</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="Бұл IP мекенжай өңдемелерін 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class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Мазмұны" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Мазмұны</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">бүйірлік тақтаға жылжыту</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">жасыру</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Кіріспе</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Пайдаланылған_cілтемелер" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Пайдаланылған_cілтемелер"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Пайдаланылған cілтемелер</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Пайдаланылған_cілтемелер-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Мазмұны" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Мазмұнды көрсету/жасыру</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ісіну</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Басқа тілдегі мақалаға өту. 93 тілде қолжетімді" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 тіл</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontsteking_(geneeskunde)" title="Ontsteking (geneeskunde) – африкаанс тілі" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ontsteking (geneeskunde)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="التهاب – араб тілі" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التهاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="араб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9" title="حرقة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حرقة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="التهاب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التهاب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="প্ৰদাহ – ассам тілі" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰদাহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamaci%C3%B3n" title="Inflamación – астурия тілі" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inflamación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ltihab" title="İltihab – әзірбайжан тілі" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İltihab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзірбайжан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ایلتیهاب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایلتیهاب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubag" title="Hubag – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hubag" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Запаленне – беларусь тілі" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Запаленне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларусь тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Запаленьне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Запаленьне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Възпаление – болгар тілі" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Възпаление" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9" title="প্রদাহ – бенгал тілі" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রদাহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upala" title="Upala – босния тілі" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Upala" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamaci%C3%B3" title="Inflamació – каталан тілі" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Inflamació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ھەوکردن – сорани тілі" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەوکردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="сорани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1n%C4%9Bt" title="Zánět – чех тілі" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zánět" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llid" title="Llid – валлий тілі" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлий тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bet%C3%A6ndelse" title="Betændelse – дат тілі" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Betændelse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дат тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entz%C3%BCndung" title="Entzündung – неміс тілі" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Entzündung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AE" title="Φλεγμονή – грек тілі" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φλεγμονή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation – ағылшын тілі" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Inflammation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ағылшын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamo" title="Inflamo – эсперанто тілі" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Inflamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamaci%C3%B3n" title="Inflamación – испан тілі" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Inflamación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5letik" title="Põletik – эстон тілі" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põletik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantura" title="Hantura – баск тілі" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hantura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="التهاب – парсы тілі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="التهاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="парсы тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulehdus" title="Tulehdus – фин тілі" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tulehdus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation – француз тілі" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inflammation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlasadh" title="Athlasadh – ирланд тілі" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Athlasadh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamaci%C3%B3n" title="Inflamación – галисия тілі" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Inflamación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruru" title="Ruru – гуарани тілі" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ruru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%AA" title="דלקת – иврит тілі" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דלקת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A5" title="शोथ – хинди тілі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शोथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upala" title="Upala – хорват тілі" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Upala" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyullad%C3%A1s" title="Gyulladás – венгр тілі" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyulladás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Բորբոքում – армян тілі" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բորբոքում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radang" title="Radang – индонезия тілі" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Radang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamo" title="Inflamo – идо тілі" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Inflamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3lga" title="Bólga – исланд тілі" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bólga" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infiammazione" title="Infiammazione – итальян тілі" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Infiammazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症 – жапон тілі" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炎症" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="жапон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamieshan" title="Inflamieshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Inflamieshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azzug" title="Azzug – кабил тілі" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azzug" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EC%A6%9D" title="염증 – корей тілі" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bers%C3%AEvdana_hewdan%C3%AE" title="Bersîvdana hewdanî – күрд тілі" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bersîvdana hewdanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="күрд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Сезгенүү – қырғыз тілі" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сезгенүү" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қырғыз тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatio" title="Inflammatio – латын тілі" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Inflammatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93ntstaeking" title="Óntstaeking – лимбург тілі" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Óntstaeking" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбург тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%BEdegimas" title="Uždegimas – литва тілі" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uždegimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iekaisums" title="Iekaisums – латыш тілі" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Iekaisums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radang" title="Radang – минангкабау тілі" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Radang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Воспаление – македон тілі" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Воспаление" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="കോശജ്വലനം – малаялам тілі" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോശജ്വലനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үрэвсэл – моңғол тілі" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үрэвсэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="моңғол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keradangan" title="Keradangan – малай тілі" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keradangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweer_(Medizin)" title="Sweer (Medizin) – төменгі неміс тілі" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sweer (Medizin)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="төменгі неміс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontsteking_(geneeskunde)" title="Ontsteking (geneeskunde) – нидерланд тілі" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ontsteking (geneeskunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betennelse" title="Betennelse – норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Betennelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық нюнорск тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betennelse" title="Betennelse – норвегиялық букмол тілі" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Betennelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвегиялық букмол тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulkula" title="Kulkula – оромо тілі" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kulkula" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapalenie" title="Zapalenie – поляк тілі" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapalenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AF" title="تسپود – пушту тілі" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تسپود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflama%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Inflamação – португал тілі" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inflamação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflama%C8%9Bie" title="Inflamație – румын тілі" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inflamație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Воспаление – орыс тілі" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Воспаление" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="орыс тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation – шотланд тілі" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inflammation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотланд тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuol%C5%A1i" title="Vuolši – солтүстік саам тілі" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vuolši" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="солтүстік саам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upala" title="Upala – серб-хорват тілі" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Upala" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="серб-хорват тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84" title="ප්‍රදාහ – сингал тілі" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රදාහ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inflammation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1pal" title="Zápal – словак тілі" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zápal" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnetje" title="Vnetje – словен тілі" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vnetje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamacioni" title="Inflamacioni – албан тілі" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inflamacioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Запаљење – серб тілі" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Запаљење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation – швед тілі" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Inflammation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="அழற்சி – тамил тілі" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அழற்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Газак – тәжік тілі" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Газак" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="тәжік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A" title="การอักเสบ – тай тілі" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การอักเสบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nflamasyon" title="İnflamasyon – түрік тілі" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnflamasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="түрік тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ялкынсыну – татар тілі" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ялкынсыну" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татар тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Дегдириишкин – тувин тілі" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Дегдириишкин" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Запалення – украин тілі" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Запалення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="التہاب – урду тілі" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="التہاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yallig%CA%BBlanish" title="Yalligʻlanish – өзбек тілі" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yalligʻlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="өзбек тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%AAm" title="Viêm – вьетнам тілі" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viêm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efouwaedje_(medcene)" title="Efouwaedje (medcene) – валлон тілі" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Efouwaedje (medcene)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлон тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflamasyon" title="Inflamasyon – варай тілі" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inflamasyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症 – қытай тілі (У)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="炎症" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі (У)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="אנצינדונג – идиш тілі" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אנצינדונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%8E%E7%97%87" title="炎症 – қытай тілі" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="炎症" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="қытай тілі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-i%C4%81m" title="Hoat-iām – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-iām" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E7%82%8E" title="發炎 – кантон тілі" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="發炎" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Уикипедия — ашық энциклопедиясынан алынған мәлімет</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="kk" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ісіну</b>, ісінгіштік – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Полимер">полимерлердің</a> төмен молекулалы сұйықтықтарды өз бойына сіңіруі нәтижесінде көлемінің өсуі. Бұл жағдайда полимердің пішіні өзгермейді. Үлкен молекулалы қосылыстардың молекулаларының мөлшері еріткіш молекулаларының мөлшерінен мыңдаған есе көп. Полимер мен еріткіш <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Молекула">молекулалары</a> бір-бірімен жанасқанда сұйықтық молекулалары полимер фазасының ішіне жылдам енеді, яғни бір жақты <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Диффузия">диффузия</a> жүреді. Бұған еріткіш молекулаларының аса қозғалғыштығы және полимер молекулалары тығыздығының төмен болуы ықпал етеді. І. шекті және шексіз болып бөлінеді. Шексіз І. кезінде полимер толық еріп, бір фазалы гомогенді ерітінді пайда болады. Мұнда полимер молекулалары бір-бірінен ажырап, ерітіндіде дербес қозғалады. Ол сызықтық және тармақталған полимерлерге тән. Мыс., <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Каучук">каучуктың</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Бензол">бензолда</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нитроцеллюлоза (мұндай бет жоқ)">нитроцеллюлозаның</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ацетон">ацетонда</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Целлюлоза">целлюлозаның</a> мыс-<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Аммиак">аммиакты</a> ерітіндіде, т.б. еруі. Шекті І. кезінде полимер ерітіндіге толық өте алмайды. Полимердің І. қабілетіне полимердің және еріткіштің хим. табиғаты, молекулалық массасы, полимер тізбегінің иілгіштігі, макромолекуланың текшелену тығыздығы, полимердің фазалық күйі, т.б. әсер етеді. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Пайдаланылған_cілтемелер"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D0.BB.D2.93.D0.B0.D0.BD_c.D1.96.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D1.80"></span>Пайдаланылған cілтемелер</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Бөлімді өңдеу: Пайдаланылған cілтемелер" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Пайдаланылған cілтемелер"><span>қайнарын өңдеу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Қазақ Энциклопедиясы, 9 том</span> </li> </ol> <p><br /> </p> <table style="background:none; color:inherit; text-align:left; padding: 2px 0" class="metadata"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Мақала бастамасы"><img alt="Мақала бастамасы" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> </td> <td><i><span style="white-space:nowrap">Бұл — мақаланың <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Уикипедия:Мақалаға бастама">бастамасы</a>.</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><br />Бұл мақаланы <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%86%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83&action=edit">толықтырып, дамыту</a></span> арқылы, Уикипедияға <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D3%A9%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Уикипедия:Мақаланы қалай өңдеу керек">көмектесе</a> аласыз.</span></i><br /><small>Бұл ескертуді <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82:%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80:%D0%90%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Санат:Үлгілер:Аяқталмаған мақалалар">дәлдеп</a> ауыстыру қажет.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%96:%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Бұл үлгіні қарау"><img alt="Бұл үлгіні қарау" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Magnifying_glass_icon.svg/14px-Magnifying_glass_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" 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href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B_%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Лимфоидты ұлпа">лимфоидты ұлпа</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Лимфа безі">Лимфа безі</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Көкбауыр">Көкбауыр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Фабриций қалтасы">Фабриций қалтасы</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5" title="Тума иммунды жүйе">Тума<br />иммунды жүйе</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Жасушалық иммунитет">Жасушалық иммунитет</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Базофилдер">Базофилдер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эозинофилдер">Эозинофилдер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Нейтрофилді лейкоциттер">Нейтрофилді лейкоциттер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Макрофаг">Макрофагтар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=NK-%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NK-жасушалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">NK-жасушалар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Мастоциттер">Мастоциттер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лимфоидты жасушалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Лимфоидты жасушалар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нуоциттер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нуоциттер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=CIK-%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIK-жасушалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">CIK-жасушалар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=LAK-%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LAK-жасушалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">LAK-жасушалар</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гуморальдық иммунитет (мұндай бет жоқ)">Гуморальдық иммунитет</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Комплемент жүйесі (мұндай бет 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Нөлдік жасушалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Нөлдік жасушалар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Т-лимфоциттер">Т-лимфоциттер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="В-лимфоциттер">В-лимфоциттер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Антиген презентациялайтын жасушалар (мұндай бет жоқ)">Антиген презентациялайтын жасушалар</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Гуморальдық иммунитет</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антигендер">Антигендер</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Суперантиген">Суперантиген</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Аллерген">Аллерген</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гаптен">Гаптен</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эпитоп (мұндай бет жоқ)">Эпитоп</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мимотоп (мұндай бет жоқ)">Мимотоп</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Иммуноген">Иммуноген</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Антиденелер">Антиденелер</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Моноклональды антиденелер">Моноклональды антиденелер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Поликлональды антиденелер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Поликлональды антиденелер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аутоантиденелер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Аутоантиденелер</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Микроантиденелер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Микроантиденелер</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Аллотиптер">Аллотиптер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Изотиптер">Изотиптер</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Идиотиптер">Идиотиптер</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Медиаторлар">Медиаторлар</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цитокиндер (мұндай бет жоқ)">Цитокиндер</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Интерлейкин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Интерлейкин</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Интерферон">Интерферон</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Опсонин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Опсонин</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цитолизин (мұндай бет жоқ)">Цитолизин</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Иммундық жауап">Иммундық жауап</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Иммунитет">Иммунитет</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аутоиммунитет (мұндай бет жоқ)">Аутоиммунитет</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аллоиммунитет (мұндай бет жоқ)">Аллоиммунитет</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аллергия">Аллергия</a> • <a 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