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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=AZERTY" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=AZERTY" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_information_regarding_AZERTY_keyboards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_information_regarding_AZERTY_keyboards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General information regarding AZERTY keyboards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_information_regarding_AZERTY_keyboards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle General information regarding AZERTY keyboards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-General_information_regarding_AZERTY_keyboards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dead_keys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dead_keys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Dead keys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dead_keys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Circumflex_accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circumflex_accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Circumflex accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circumflex_accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaeresis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaeresis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Diaeresis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaeresis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grave_accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grave_accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Grave accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grave_accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acute_accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acute_accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Acute accent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acute_accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tilde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Tilde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alt_key" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alt_key"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alt key</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alt_key-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guillemets_«_and_»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guillemets_«_and_»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Guillemets « and »</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guillemets_«_and_»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In France</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_France-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In France subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AZERTY_under_Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AZERTY_under_Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>AZERTY under Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AZERTY_under_Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layout_of_the_French_keyboard_under_Microsoft_Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layout_of_the_French_keyboard_under_Microsoft_Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Layout of the French keyboard under Microsoft Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layout_of_the_French_keyboard_under_Microsoft_Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Missing_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missing_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Missing elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missing_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_layouts_and_French_standard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_layouts_and_French_standard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Industrial layouts and French standard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_layouts_and_French_standard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_between_the_Belgian_and_French_layouts_of_the_AZERTY_keyboard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_the_Belgian_and_French_layouts_of_the_AZERTY_keyboard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Differences between the Belgian and French layouts of the AZERTY keyboard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_the_Belgian_and_French_layouts_of_the_AZERTY_keyboard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-French" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>French</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Apple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Arabic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamazight_(Berber)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamazight_(Berber)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Tamazight (Berber)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamazight_(Berber)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnamese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnamese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Vietnamese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnamese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wolof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wolof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Wolof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wolof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">AZERTY</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="أزرتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أزرتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY-Tastaturbelegung" title="AZERTY-Tastaturbelegung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="AZERTY-Tastaturbelegung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teclado_AZERTY" title="Teclado AZERTY – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teclado AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY_teklatu" title="AZERTY teklatu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="AZERTY teklatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY_%EC%9E%90%ED%8C%90" title="AZERTY 자판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="AZERTY 자판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY%E9%85%8D%E5%88%97" title="AZERTY配列 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="AZERTY配列" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="AZERTY" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4" title="AZERTY鍵盤 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="AZERTY鍵盤" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/AZERTY%E9%8D%B5%E7%9B%A4" title="AZERTY鍵盤 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="AZERTY鍵盤" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q149023#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/AZERTY" title="Special:EditPage/AZERTY">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:AZERTY" title="Talk:AZERTY">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/AZERTY" title="Special:EditPage/AZERTY">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22AZERTY%22">"AZERTY"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22AZERTY%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22AZERTY%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22AZERTY%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22AZERTY%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22AZERTY%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. 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The specific problem is: <b>This article has a bad plan and presents information in disarray (for instance, the Belgian keyboard is oddly mentioned in Section “History”, facts about acute accents and tilde are found in Section “Grave accent”, and basic description of AZERTY is located very late in the article, in Section “Variants”; it is unclear what the said section is even supposed to be about); some assertions are redundant, some are contradictory or plainly wrong (like how to get an acute accent), some err towards the practical guide (like Section “Guillemets”), and some are only tangentially related to the matter (guillemets again); not mentioning, of course, that some non-obvious assertions lack a source (for instance, about usage of other layouts).</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/AZERTY" title="Special:EditPage/AZERTY">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/500px-KB_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/750px-KB_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/1000px-KB_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>AZERTY layout used on a keyboard</figcaption></figure> <p><b>AZERTY</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ə-<span style="font-size:90%">ZUR</span>-tee</i></a>) is a specific <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">layout</a> for the characters of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> on <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> keys and computer <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyboard (computing)">keyboards</a>. The layout takes its name from the first six <a href="/wiki/Letter_(alphabet)" title="Letter (alphabet)">letters</a> to appear on the first row of alphabetical keys; that is, (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a></kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a></kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a></kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a></kbd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></kbd>). Similar to the <a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a> layout, it is modelled on the English <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> layout. It is used in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, although each of these countries has its own national variation on the layout. Luxembourg and Switzerland use the <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Switzerland" title="Keyboard layout">Swiss QWERTZ keyboard</a>. Most residents of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the mainly French-speaking province of Canada, use a QWERTY keyboard that has been adapted to the French language such as the Multilingual Standard keyboard <a href="/wiki/CAN/CSA_Z243.200-92" class="mw-redirect" title="CAN/CSA Z243.200-92">CAN/CSA Z243.200-92</a> which is stipulated by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Quebec" title="Government of Quebec">government of Quebec</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The competing layouts devised for French (e.g., the ZHJAY layout put forward in 1907, Claude Marsan's 1976 layout, the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Dvorak_Simplified_Keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvorak Simplified Keyboard">Dvorak</a>-fr, and the 2005 <a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO layout</a>) have obtained only limited recognition, although the latter has been included in the 2019 French keyboard layout standard.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZHJAY_Keyboard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ZHJAY_Keyboard.png/220px-ZHJAY_Keyboard.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ZHJAY_Keyboard.png/330px-ZHJAY_Keyboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ZHJAY_Keyboard.png/440px-ZHJAY_Keyboard.png 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption>ZHJAYS keyboard layout for typewriters, which failed to compete with the standard AZERTY layout</figcaption></figure> <p>The AZERTY layout appeared in France in the last decade of the 19th century as a variation on American QWERTY typewriters. Its exact origin is unknown. At the start of the 20th century, the French ZHJAYS layout,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created by Albert Navarre, failed to break into the market partly because secretaries were already accustomed to the AZERTY layout and partly because it differed more from the QWERTY layout than the AZERTY layout did.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, the AZERTY layout is the <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> norm for keyboards. In 1976, a QWERTY layout adapted to the French language was put forward, as an experimental standard (NF XP E55-060) by AFNOR. This standard made provision for a temporary adaptation period during which the letters A, Q, Z and W could be positioned as in the traditional AZERTY layout. </p><p>In January 2016, the French <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">Culture Ministry</a> has looked to replace the industrial AZERTY layouts with one that will allow a better typing of French and other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-engadgetFixAZERTY_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engadgetFixAZERTY-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A standard was published by the <a href="/wiki/AFNOR" title="AFNOR">French national organization for standardization</a> in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-afnorFrenchKeyboard_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afnorFrenchKeyboard-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AZERTY layout is used on Belgian keyboards, although some non-alphabetic symbols are positioned differently. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_information_regarding_AZERTY_keyboards">General information regarding AZERTY keyboards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General information regarding AZERTY keyboards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerty_fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Azerty_fr.svg/600px-Azerty_fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Azerty_fr.svg/900px-Azerty_fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Azerty_fr.svg/1200px-Azerty_fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>AZERTY layout for Windows keyboards</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerty_fr_laptop.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clavier AZERTY français pour un PC portable, sans pavé numérique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Azerty_fr_laptop.svg/450px-Azerty_fr_laptop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Azerty_fr_laptop.svg/675px-Azerty_fr_laptop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Azerty_fr_laptop.svg/900px-Azerty_fr_laptop.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>AZERTY layout for laptops</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two key details: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Alt_Gr_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt Gr key">Alt Gr key</a> allows the user to type the character shown at the bottom right of any key with three characters.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Alt_key" title="Alt key">Alt key</a> is used as a shortcut to commands affecting <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a>, and is also used in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> codes for typing special characters.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dead_keys">Dead keys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dead keys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead key</a> serves to modify the appearance of the next character to be typed on the keyboard. Dead keys are mainly used to generate accents (or <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritics</a>) on <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowels</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Circumflex_accent">Circumflex accent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Circumflex accent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> accent can be generated by first striking the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">^</kbd> key (located to the right of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">P</kbd> in most AZERTY layouts), then the vowel requiring the accent (with the exception of y). For example, pressing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">^</kbd> then <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd> produces <b>â</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diaeresis">Diaeresis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diaeresis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diaresis</a> can be generated by striking the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">¨</kbd> key (in most AZERTY layouts, it is generated by combining the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">^</kbd> keys), then the vowel requiring the accent. For example, pressing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">^</kbd> then <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd> produces <b>ä</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Grave_accent">Grave accent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grave accent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave accent</a> can be generated by striking the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">`</kbd> key (in the French AZERTY layout it is located to the right of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ù</kbd> key) on Macintosh keyboards, while on PC-type keyboards it can be generated by using the combination <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">è</kbd>. </p><p>In the Belgian AZERTY layout, the grave accent is generated by the combination <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">μ</kbd> (the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">μ</kbd> key is located to the right of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ù</kbd> key on Belgian AZERTY keyboards), and then the key for the vowel requiring the accent. </p><p>The grave-accented letters <b>à</b>, <b>è</b>, and <b>ù</b> (as well as the acute-accented <b>é</b>), which are part of French orthography, have their own separate keys. Dead-grave and dead-acute (and dead-tilde) would mostly be reserved to "foreign" letters such as Italian <b>ò</b>, Spanish <b>á</b>, <b>í</b>, <b>ó</b>, <b>ú</b>, and <b>ñ</b>, Portuguese <b>ã</b> and <b>õ</b>, etc., or for accented capital letters (which are not present precomposed in the layout). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acute_accent">Acute accent</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Acute accent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a> is available under Windows by the use of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd>, then the vowel requiring the accent. The <b>é</b> combination can be generated using its own key. For Linux users, it can be generated using <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇪ Caps Lock</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">é</kbd> then the vowel. On a Macintosh AZERTY keyboard, the acute accent is generated by a combination of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">&</kbd>, keys, followed by the vowel. </p><p>In the Belgian AZERTY layout, a vowel with an acute accent can be generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ù</kbd>, then the vowel. </p><p>The acute accent is not available in the French layout on Windows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tilde">Tilde</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tilde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a> is available under Windows by using a combination of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">é</kbd> keys, followed by the letter requiring the tilde. </p><p>On Macs, the <b>ñ</b> can be obtained by the combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">N</kbd> keys, followed by the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">N</kbd> key. </p><p>In the Belgian AZERTY layout, <b>ñ</b> can be generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">=</kbd>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alt_key">Alt key</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alt key"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">Alt code</a></div> <p>With some <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, the Alt key generates <a href="/wiki/Character_(computing)" title="Character (computing)">characters</a> by means of their individual codes. In order to obtain characters, the Alt key must be pressed and held down while typing the relevant code into the <a href="/wiki/Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypad</a>. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, the Alt key gives direct access to French-language special characters. The ligatures <b><a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">œ</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a></b> can be keyed in by using <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">o</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd> respectively, in the fr-oss keyboard layout; their uppercase equivalents can be generated using the same key combinations plus the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd> Shift key. Other useful punctuation symbols, such as <b>≤</b>, <b>≥</b>, or <b>≠</b>, can be more easily accessed in the same way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guillemets_«_and_»"><span id="Guillemets_.C2.AB_and_.C2.BB"></span>Guillemets « and »</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Guillemets « and »"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">Guillemet</a></div> <p>Also called angle quotes, French quotation marks, or double chevrons, these polylines are pointed like arrows (<b>«</b> or <b>»</b>), sometimes forming a complementary set of punctuation marks used as a form of quotation mark. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption align="LEFT" style="font-weight:normal">In Windows:  </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>« </th> <td>Alt + 0171 </td> <td>Alt + 7598 </td> <td>Alt + 174 </td> <td>Alt + 686 </td></tr> <tr> <th>» </th> <td>Alt + 0187 </td> <td>Alt + 7599 </td> <td>Alt + 175 </td> <td>Alt + 687 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>With a US International Keyboard and corresponding layout, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">[</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">]</kbd> can also be used. The characters are standard on <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a> keyboards and some others. </p><p>Macintosh users can type <b>«</b> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">\</kbd> and <b>»</b> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">\</kbd>. (This applies to all English-language keyboard layouts supplied with the operating system, e.g. "Australian", "British", "Canadian", "Irish", "Irish Extended", "U.S." and "U.S. Extended". Other language layouts may differ.) In French-language keyboard layouts <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd> can be used. On Nordic keyboards, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">v</kbd> can be used for <b>«</b>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⌥ Option</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">b</kbd> can be used for <b>»</b>. </p><p>For users of <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems running the <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>, creation of the <a href="/wiki/Guillemets" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillemets">guillemet</a> depends on a number of factors including the <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a> that is in effect. For example, with the US International Keyboard layout selected, a user would type <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">[</kbd> for <b>«</b> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">]</kbd> for <b>»</b>. On some configurations they can be generated by typing <b>«</b> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">z</kbd> and <b>»</b> as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">x</kbd>. With the compose key, press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Compose</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Compose</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">></kbd>. Additionally with the ibus input method framework enabled, users may enter these characters into those applications that accept it by using <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">U</kbd> followed by their Unicode code points: either <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">A</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">B</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">B</kbd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">B</kbd>, respectively. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> applications, typing the US quotation mark (on the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd> key) will produce either a left guillemet <b>«</b> or right guillemet <b>»</b> based on the spacing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_France">In France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AZERTY_under_Linux">AZERTY under Linux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: AZERTY under Linux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In X11, the window system common to many flavors of UNIX, the keyboard interface is completely configurable, allowing each user to assign different functions to each key in line with their personal preferences. For example, specific combinations of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd> key could be assigned to many other characters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Layout_of_the_French_keyboard_under_Microsoft_Windows">Layout of the French keyboard under Microsoft Windows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Layout of the French keyboard under Microsoft Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Missing_elements">Missing elements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Missing elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ever since the AZERTY keyboard was devised, a single key has been dedicated to the letter <b>ù</b>, which occurs in only one word (où [where]); the <b>œ</b> is completely unrepresented, despite the fact that it is an integral part of the French spelling system and occurs in several common words like <i>œil</i> (eye) and <i>œuvre</i> (work).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a></b>, as in <i>Lætitia</i> [girl's name] or <i>ex æquo</i> [dead-heat], is also not represented.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Non-breaking_space" title="Non-breaking space">non-breaking space</a>, which prevents having punctuation characters in isolation at the ends or beginnings of lines, has no keyboard equivalent.</li> <li>The capital letters, <b>É</b>, <b>Ç</b>, and <b>Œ</b> (as in the word <i>Œdipe</i> [Oedipus], for example, or in the words œuf[s] (egg[s]), œil (eye), etc. when at the start of a sentence), are available neither on the typewriter itself, nor using the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> mentioned earlier.</li></ul> <p>It is possible to fill in these gaps by installing a keyboard driver that has been specially enriched for the French language.<sup id="cite_ref-liegeois_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liegeois-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One can also use WinCompose in order to easily type all characters. The character <code>Ç</code> could be typed by pressing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⎄ Compose</kbd> <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">,</kbd> <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">C</kbd> or the character <code>«</code> with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⎄ Compose</kbd> <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><</kbd> <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><</kbd>, and there is also an option to allow typing accentuated capitals with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇪ Caps Lock</kbd> such that <code>Ç</code> can be typed with <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇪ Caps Lock</kbd> <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ç</kbd>. </p><p>Some word-processing software packages address some of these gaps. The non-breaking space can be obtained by pressing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd> followed by a space, in a word-processing package such as <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Writer" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenOffice.org Writer">OpenOffice.org Writer</a>, or by using <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Espace</kbd> [Spacebar] in Microsoft Word. </p><p>Apart from these gaps, the French AZERTY layout has some strange features which are still present in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Microsoft Windows Vista</a> operating system: </p> <ul><li>The combination <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">²</kbd> does not generate any character at all.</li> <li>The presence of two "^" keys, one of which is a dead key and is located at the right of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">P</kbd>, while the other – on the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ç9</kbd> key – is not.</li> <li>When a ¦ is required, a | is generated. (However, this is a common situation for many keyboards, not just AZERTY. The main issue for keyboard makers is that a solid vertical | keycap legend could be confused with a Capital letter I and so a broken vertical ¦ keycap helps clarify that it is not a letter but a symbol. In practice, most typists actually need the solid vertical rather than a broken vertical, so using a broken vertical keycap usually doesn't cause problems.)</li> <li>Typing a period or numerals requires pressing Shift, whereas some rarer characters (ù, the semicolon) do not. This has led to drives to reform the AZERTY keyboard (chiefly by doing away with the ù, which may be typed using AltGr+è and u anyway, and/or swapping the period and semicolon), although to date this has not been successful.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_layouts_and_French_standard">Industrial layouts and French standard</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Industrial layouts and French standard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azerty_NFZ71-300.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Azerty_NFZ71-300.png/420px-Azerty_NFZ71-300.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Azerty_NFZ71-300.png/630px-Azerty_NFZ71-300.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Azerty_NFZ71-300.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Azerty NFZ71-300/A</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 2016, the French <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">Ministry of Culture</a>, which is in charge of language affairs, expressed a will to offer an alternative to the AZERTY layouts traditionally proposed by the industry. The new layout would have to provide full coverage of the symbols required by French spelling (including accented capitals such as É) as well as other languages of France and European languages written with the Latin alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-engadgetFixAZERTY_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engadgetFixAZERTY-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_21_January_2016_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News_21_January_2016-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project, led by the French national organization for standardization <a href="/wiki/AFNOR" title="AFNOR">AFNOR</a>, released both this improved AZERTY and a <a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a> layout. Initially due in January 2018, the standard was released in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-afnorFrenchKeyboard_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afnorFrenchKeyboard-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The layout keeps the same placement for the 26 Latin letters and 10 digits, but moves others (such as some accented letters and punctuation signs), while it adds a range of other symbols (accessible with Shift, AltGr). There is easy access to <a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemets « »</a> (French quotes), accented capital letters: À, É, Ç, as well as Œ/œ, Æ/æ, which was not possible before on basic AZERTY (Windows' AZERTY); previously <a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">alt codes</a> were required. </p><p>It allows typing words in many languages using <a href="/wiki/Dead_key" title="Dead key">dead keys</a>, which are in blue on the picture, to access a variety of diacritics. A few mathematics symbols have also been added. </p><p>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://norme-azerty.fr/">website for the new AZERTY layout</a> has been created, offering information, visuals of the changes, links to drivers to install the layout and various other resources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_between_the_Belgian_and_French_layouts_of_the_AZERTY_keyboard">Differences between the Belgian and French layouts of the AZERTY keyboard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Differences between the Belgian and French layouts of the AZERTY keyboard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgian_keyboard_layout.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Belgian_keyboard_layout.png/500px-Belgian_keyboard_layout.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Belgian_keyboard_layout.png/750px-Belgian_keyboard_layout.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Belgian_keyboard_layout.png/1000px-Belgian_keyboard_layout.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>AZERTY layout used in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium; it is the same as the French-speaking layout except the labels on the keys</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg/500px-Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg/750px-Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg/1000px-Belgian_pc_keyboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>AZERTY layout used in the French-speaking part of Belgium; it is the same as the Dutch-speaking layout except the labels on the keys</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg/500px-Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg/750px-Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg/1000px-Belgian_Linux_keyboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Same Belgian keyboard under Linux (Ubuntu 9.10)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Belgian AZERTY keyboard allows for the placing of accents on vowels without recourse to encoding via the Alt key + code. This is made possible by the provision of dead keys for each type of accent: ^ ¨ ´ ` (the last two being generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ù</kbd> and μ respectively). </p><p>To recap the list of different keys from left to right and from top to bottom: </p> <ul><li>First row (symbols and numbers): <ul><li>By combining the shift and <b>²</b> keys, <b>³</b> is obtained;</li> <li>The symbol <b>|</b>, is generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">&</kbd> same key as the 1;</li> <li>The <b>@</b> symbol is generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">é</kbd> same key as the 2;</li> <li>Unlike the French layout, the ' key (or 4 key) does not contain a third symbol. On Linux it's ¼;</li> <li>Unlike the French layout, the ( key (or 5 key) does not contain a third symbol. On Linux it's ½;</li> <li>The <b>^</b> symbol is generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">§</kbd> same key as the 6; but, as opposed to the ^ symbol found to the right of the p key, it is not a dead key, and therefore does not generate the placing of a circumflex accent;</li> <li>Unlike the French layout, the <b>è</b> (or 7) key does not contain a third symbol. On Linux it's {;</li> <li>Unlike the French layout, the <b>!</b> (or 8) key does not contain a third symbol. On Linux it's [;</li> <li>The <b>{</b> symbol is obtained by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">ç</kbd> same key as the 9;</li> <li>The <b>}</b> symbol is obtained by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">à</kbd> same key as the 0;</li> <li>Unlike the French layout, the <b>)</b> (or °) key does not contain a third symbol. On Linux it's \;</li> <li>The key to the right of the <b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">)</kbd></b> key contains the following symbols: - _ with shift and, unlike the French layout, does not contain a third symbol. On Linux it's the dead key ¸.</li></ul></li> <li>Second row (the letters AZERTYuiop): <ul><li>the alphabetical keys do not have Alt Gr codes apart from the e, which generates the euro symbol, <b>€</b>;</li> <li>The <b>[</b> symbol is obtained by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">^</kbd> same key as the ¨ (a partially dead key located to the right of the p key);</li> <li>the key to the right of the <b>^</b> key contains the following symbols: <b>$</b> <b>*</b> with shift and <b>]</b> with Alt Gr;</li></ul></li> <li>Third row (the letters qsdfghjklm) <ul><li>the key to the right of m contains the following symbols: <b>ù</b> <b>%</b> with shift and the partially dead key <b>´</b> with Alt Gr, which allows acute accents to be generated on vowels;</li> <li>the key to the right of <b>ù</b> contains the following symbols: <b>μ £</b> with shift and the partially dead key ` with Alt Gr, which allows grave accents to be generated on vowels;</li></ul></li> <li>Fourth row (the letters wxcvbn and basic punctuation): <ul><li>The <b>\</b> symbol is generated by a combination of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt Gr </kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"> <</kbd>;</li> <li>the key to the right of <b>:</b> contains the following symbols: <b>= +</b> with shift and the partially dead key <b>~</b> with Alt Gr, the latter either generating the tilde symbol when combined with the space bar, or positioning a tilde over a letter: a → ã, A → Ã, n → ñ, N → Ñ, o → õ, O → Õ.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The description <i>partially dead</i> means that pressing the key in question sometimes generates the desired symbol directly, but that at least one of the symbols represented on the key will only appear after a second key has been pressed. In order to obtain a symbol in isolation, the space bar must be pressed, otherwise a vowel should be pressed to generate the desired accented form. </p><p>The other keys are identical, even though traditionally the names of special keys are printed on them in English. This is because <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> is predominantly bilingual (French-Dutch) and officially trilingual (a third language, German, is spoken in the East Cantons). </p><p>The key to the right of <b>0</b> on the numeric keypad corresponds either to the full stop or to the comma (which is why there are two distinct keyboard drivers under Windows). </p><p>The AZERTY keyboard as used in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, uses the name <b>shift</b> instead of <b>maj</b> and <b>caps lock</b> instead of <b>verr maj</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The AZERTY layout is used in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and some African countries. It differs from the QWERTY layout thus: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">A</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Q</kbd> are swapped,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Z</kbd> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">W</kbd> are swapped,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">M</kbd> is moved to the right of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">L</kbd> (where colon/semicolon is on a US keyboard),</li> <li>The digits 0 to 9 are on the same keys, but to be typed the shift key must be pressed. The unshifted positions are used for accented characters,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caps_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Caps lock">Caps lock</a> is replaced by <b>Shift lock</b>, thus affecting non-letter keys as well. However, there is an ongoing evolution towards a <i>Caps lock</i> key instead of a <i>Shift lock</i>.</li></ul> <p>The French and Belgian AZERTY keyboards also have special characters used in the French and Dutch language, such as é, è, ê, ï, ë, ... and other characters such as &, ", ', and ç (only for French), some located under the numbers and some with combinations of keys. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French">French</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/420px-KB_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/630px-KB_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/KB_France.svg/840px-KB_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> keyboard layout</figcaption></figure> <p>French-speaking people in the Canada use the <a href="/wiki/QWERTY#Canadian_Multilingual_Standard" title="QWERTY">Canadian Multilingual standard keyboard</a>. It is the only keyboard layout provided by Microsoft Windows that allows to type the grapheme “<a href="/wiki/%C5%92" title="Œ">Œ/œ</a>”, needed by French spelling. </p><p>Although there is no evidence of usage in French-speaking countries, it can be noticed that <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_keyboard_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese keyboard layout">the keyboard layout of Portugal</a> (QWERTY-based) has a strictly better coverage of French spelling than the various variants of AZERTY (as available in Windows): indeed, it supports all diacritics of French (acute accent, grave accent, circumflex, diaeresis) as dead keys (allowing for those diacritics on both lowercase and uppercase letters), it has a separate key for “ç” (allowing it to be uppercased) and it even features the French <a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemets</a> “«»”; however, it lacks the grapheme “œ/Œ”, and lowercase accented letters of French are more cumbersome to type since they require pressing a dead key. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/US_international_keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="US international keyboard">“US-International” QWERTY layout</a> supports French to the same extent than the Portugal’s layout does (diacritics as dead keys, French guillemets, but no “œ/Œ”). Some programmers prefer it over AZERTY, as it is closer to an international standard and allows easier input of <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> punctuation characters which are used pervasively in <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>. It can be used on a plain US-QWERTY keyboard, being an extension of it. </p><p>However, only AZERTY is widely sold in French shops. </p><p>Another alternative is the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a> layout, a French-language application of <a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak’s principles for ergonomic typing</a>. As of 2024, only a few specialized manufacturers sell keyboards with the BÉPO layout printed on it; however, its practitioners use to <a href="/wiki/Touch_typing" title="Touch typing">type blindly, without looking at the keys</a>, for increased efficiency, if at a higher learning cost. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apple">Apple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Apple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_notebook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/French_notebook.jpg/420px-French_notebook.jpg" decoding="async" width="420" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/French_notebook.jpg/630px-French_notebook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/French_notebook.jpg/840px-French_notebook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3277" data-file-height="1147" /></a><figcaption>Apple <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> keyboard layout</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple's</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Keyboard">keyboards</a> use the same AZERTY layout in both France and Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the Belgian version, the most notable differences are the locations for the @-sign and €-sign, among others. <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">MacOS</a> also supports the standard French layout for non-Apple keyboards; the standard Belgian layout, however, is available through third-party support only.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabic">Arabic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Arabic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Arabic" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layout § Arabic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_keyboard" title="Arabic keyboard">Arabic keyboard</a></div> <p>There is an <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> variant of the AZERTY keyboard.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is especially used in the <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> countries <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arab communities</a> in French-speaking countries to be able to type both in Arabic and in French. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamazight_(Berber)"><span id="Tamazight_.28Berber.29"></span>Tamazight (Berber)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Tamazight (Berber)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg/420px-KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg/630px-KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg/840px-KB_Tamazight_Latin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Tamazight (Berber)</a> keyboard layout for Latin script</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Tamazight_International.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/KB_Tamazight_International.svg/420px-KB_Tamazight_International.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/KB_Tamazight_International.svg/630px-KB_Tamazight_International.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/KB_Tamazight_International.svg/840px-KB_Tamazight_International.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Tamazight (International) keyboard layout</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Tamazight (Latin)</i> standards-compliant layout is optimised for a wide range of Tamazight (<a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a>) language variants – including <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_languages" title="Tuareg languages">Tuareg</a> variants – rather than French, though French can still be typed quickly. It installs as "Tamazight_L" and can be used both on the French locale and with Tamazight locales. </p><p>QWERTY and QWERTZ adaptations of the layout are available for the physical keyboards used by major Amazigh (Berber) communities around the world. </p><p>Other layouts exist for closer backwards compatibility with the French layout. They are non-standards-compliant but convenient, allowing typing in <a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a> script without switching layout: </p> <ul><li><i>Tamazight (International)</i> extends the French layout with Tamazight (Berber), and offers secondary Tifinagh script access by deadkey. It installs as "Tamazight (Agraghlan)" or "Français+" and is available from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120626131041/http://hcamazighite.org/">official site</a> of the Algerian <a href="/wiki/Haut-Conseil_%C3%A0_l%27amazighit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut-Conseil à l'amazighité">High Council for Amazighity (HCA)</a>.</li> <li><i>Tamazight (International)+</i> is optimised for Tamazight (Berber), but retains close French compatibility and provides easy typing in Tifinagh script by Caps Lock. It installs as "Tamazight (Agraghlan)+" or "Tamazight_LF".</li></ul> <p>All the above layouts were designed by the Universal Amazigh Keyboard Project and are available from there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnamese">Vietnamese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Vietnamese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg/420px-Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg/630px-Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg/840px-Vietnamese_typewriter_keyboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Old Vietnamese (Typewriter Vietnamese) keyboard layout</figcaption></figure> <p>There is also a <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> variant of the AZERTY keyboard.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was especially used in Vietnamese typewriters made until the 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wolof">Wolof</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Wolof"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wolof_language" title="Wolof language">Wolof</a> keyboards also use AZERTY and are supported by Microsoft Windows (Windows 7 and later only).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_QWERTY_keyboards#Lithuanian" class="mw-redirect" title="International QWERTY keyboards">Lithuanian Typewriter</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZERTY&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Office_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office québécois de la langue française">Office québécois de la langue française</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/RESSOURCES/ti/clavier.html">Le clavier de votre ordinateur est-il normalisé?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514174522/http://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/ressources/ti/clavier.html">Archived</a> 2011-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Services gouvernementaux du Québec, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tresor.gouv.qc.ca/ressources-informationnelles/architecture-dentreprise-gouvernementale/standards-et-normes/standard-sur-le-clavier-quebecois-sgqri-001/standard-sur-le-clavier-quebecois-sgqri-001-foire-aux-questions/">Standard sur le clavier québécois</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205142556/https://www.tresor.gouv.qc.ca/ressources-informationnelles/architecture-dentreprise-gouvernementale/standards-et-normes/standard-sur-le-clavier-quebecois-sgqri-001/standard-sur-le-clavier-quebecois-sgqri-001-foire-aux-questions/">Archived</a> 2019-12-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alain LaBonté, 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyberiel.iquebec.com/clavqc/demys.htm">FAQ. La démystification du clavier québécois (norme CAN/CSA Z243.200-92)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713053617/http://cyberiel.iquebec.com/clavqc/demys.htm">Archived</a> 2011-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://normalisation.afnor.org/actualites/faq-clavier-francais/#clavier-azerty-ameliore-bepo">"Clavier français : Tout sur la nouvelle norme facilitant l'écriture du français"</a>. 2 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200109101622/https://normalisation.afnor.org/actualites/faq-clavier-francais/#clavier-azerty-ameliore-bepo">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clavier+fran%C3%A7ais+%3A+Tout+sur+la+nouvelle+norme+facilitant+l%27%C3%A9criture+du+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnormalisation.afnor.org%2Factualites%2Ffaq-clavier-francais%2F%23clavier-azerty-ameliore-bepo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAZERTY" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keyman.com/keyboards/french_zhjay">"French (ZHJAY) keyboard"</a>. <i>keyman.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keyman.com&rft.atitle=French+%28ZHJAY%29+keyboard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeyman.com%2Fkeyboards%2Ffrench_zhjay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAZERTY" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Henri-Jean (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OH2-L6W_ykQC&q=invention+disposition+azerty&pg=PA465"><i>The history and power of writing</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. p. 608. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-50836-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-50836-6"><bdi>0-226-50836-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309183140/https://books.google.com/books?id=OH2-L6W_ykQC&q=invention+disposition+azerty&pg=PA465">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:AZERTY_keyboard_layouts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:AZERTY keyboard layouts">AZERTY keyboard layouts</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611085147/http://www.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/camt/fr/se/fiche3/fiche3.html">The typewriter</a> on the site of the National Archives</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.langue-fr.net/spip.php?rubrique22">Accentuate the capital letters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611142641/http://langue-fr.net/spip.php?rubrique22">Archived</a> 2011-06-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/reference/keyboards.mspx">The page 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">Palaeography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Keyboard_layouts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Keyboard_layouts" title="Template:Keyboard layouts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Keyboard_layouts" title="Template talk:Keyboard layouts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Keyboard_layouts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Keyboard layouts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Keyboard_layouts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">Keyboard layouts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin script<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_QWERTY_keyboard_language_variants" title="List of QWERTY keyboard language variants">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_American_keyboards" title="British and American keyboards">British and American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_keyboard_layout" title="Icelandic keyboard layout">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_keyboard_layout" title="Italian keyboard layout">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_keyboard_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese keyboard layout">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_keyboard_layout" title="Romanian keyboard layout">Romanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">QWERTY-like</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_keyboard_layout" title="German keyboard layout">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_keyboard_layout" title="Albanian keyboard layout">Albanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QZERTY" class="mw-redirect" title="QZERTY">QZERTY</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_non-QWERTY_keyboards" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-script non-QWERTY keyboards">not QWERTY-like</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Svorak" class="mw-redirect" title="Svorak">Svorak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Turkish_.28F-keyboard.29" title="Keyboard layout">Turkish F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_orthography#Keyboard" title="Latvian orthography">ŪGJRMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Workman" title="Keyboard layout">Workman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Latin<br />script</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brahmic scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_input_methods" title="Bengali input methods">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_keyboard_layout" title="Dzongkha keyboard layout">Dzongkha (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InScript_keyboard" title="InScript keyboard">InScript</a> (Indian languages; Hindi, Telugu etc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_keyboard" title="Khmer keyboard">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_input_methods" title="Meitei input methods">Meitei (Manipuri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_input_methods" title="Sinhala input methods">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_keyboard" title="Tamil keyboard">Tamil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_99" title="Tamil 99">99</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asian scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_method" title="Chinese input method">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_input_method" title="Japanese input method">Japanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thumb-shift_keyboard" title="Thumb-shift keyboard">thumb-shift</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Korean" title="Keyboard layout">Korean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dubeolsik" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubeolsik">Dubeolsik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Sebeolsik_Final" title="Keyboard layout">Sebeolsik</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_keyboard" title="Arabic keyboard">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellark" title="Intellark">Intellark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_keyboard" title="Jawi keyboard">Jawi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_keyboard" title="Georgian keyboard">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_keyboard" title="Hebrew keyboard">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCUKEN" title="JCUKEN">Russian (pre-reform)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCUKEN" title="JCUKEN">Russian (post-reform)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_keyboard" title="Urdu keyboard">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For mobile<br />devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-touch_input&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-touch input (page does not exist)">2-touch input</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E5%85%A5%E5%8A%9B" class="extiw" title="ja:2タッチ入力">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nico_Touch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nico Touch (page does not exist)">Nico Touch</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="extiw" title="ja:ニコタッチ方式">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E.161" title="E.161">E.161</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITap" title="ITap">iTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LetterWise" title="LetterWise">LetterWise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-tap" title="Multi-tap">Multi-tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T9_(predictive_text)" title="T9 (predictive text)">T9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XT9" title="XT9">XT9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SureType" title="SureType">SureType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_keypad" title="Telephone keypad">Telephone (9-key)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb_keyboard" title="Thumb keyboard">Thumb board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5-Tiles" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Tiles">5-Tiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FITALY" title="FITALY">FITALY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleksy" title="Fleksy">Fleksy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flick_input" class="mw-redirect" title="Flick input">Flick input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gboard" title="Gboard">Gboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graffiti_(Palm_OS)" title="Graffiti (Palm OS)">Graffiti </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KALQ_keyboard" title="KALQ keyboard">KALQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MessagEase" title="MessagEase">MessagEase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShapeWriter" title="ShapeWriter">ShapeWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwiftKey" class="mw-redirect" title="SwiftKey">SwiftKey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swype" title="Swype">Swype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TouchPal" title="TouchPal">TouchPal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typewise" title="Typewise">Typewise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chorded_keyboard" title="Chorded keyboard">Chorded<br />keyboards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two handed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speech-to-text_reporter" title="Speech-to-text reporter">Palantype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenotype" title="Stenotype">Stenotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velotype" title="Velotype">Velotype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">One handed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAT_keyboard" title="BAT keyboard">BAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyKey" title="CyKey">CyKey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrogPad" title="FrogPad">FrogPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwriter" title="Microwriter">Microwriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECMA-23" title="ECMA-23">ECMA-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">ISO/IEC 9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blickensderfer_typewriter" title="Blickensderfer typewriter">Blickensderfer (DHIATENSOR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linotype_machine#Keyboard" title="Linotype machine">Linotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLUM_keyboard" title="PLUM keyboard">PLUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_telegraph" title="Printing telegraph">Printing Telegraph</a></li></ul> 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