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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Boston)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Brook (Boston)">Stony Brook (Boston)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Buried river in Boston, Massachusetts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the brook in Boston. For the brook in Weston, see <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_(Charles_River,_Weston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Brook (Charles River, Weston)">Stony Brook (Charles River, Weston)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Stony Brook</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An open walled stream channel surrounded by wooden residential buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue%2C_1898.jpg/300px-Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue%2C_1898.jpg/450px-Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue%2C_1898.jpg/600px-Stony_Brook_at_Boylston_Avenue%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="2824" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Stony Brook in Jamaica Plain in 1898</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_d4fc428941eb421f3cfede8dbc70413837f0f917"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Stony_Brook_%28Charles_River_tributary%2C_Boston%29&revid=1068074791&groups=_d4fc428941eb421f3cfede8dbc70413837f0f917" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Stony_Brook_%28Charles_River_tributary%2C_Boston%29&revid=1068074791&groups=_d4fc428941eb421f3cfede8dbc70413837f0f917 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Turtle Pond, <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation" title="Stony Brook Reservation">Stony Brook Reservation</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&params=42.265499_N_71.1418_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°15′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°08′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.265499°N 71.1418°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.265499; -71.1418</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles River Basin">Charles River Basin</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&params=42.35187_N_71.092215_W_type:river"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°21′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°05′32″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.35187°N 71.092215°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.35187; -71.092215</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">8.5 miles (13.7 km)</td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">10 cu ft/s (0.28 m<sup>3</sup>/s)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">>1,000 cu ft/s (28 m<sup>3</sup>/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Stony Brook</b> is a 8.5-mile (13.7 km)-long <a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">subterranean river</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>. The largest tributary stream of the lower <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>, it runs mostly through conduits.<sup id="cite_ref-Weiskel_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiskel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stony Brook originates at Turtle Pond in the <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation" title="Stony Brook Reservation">Stony Brook Reservation</a> and flows through <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyde Park, Massachusetts">Hyde Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roslindale" title="Roslindale">Roslindale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts">Jamaica Plain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxbury, Massachusetts">Roxbury</a>. It empties into the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles River Basin">Charles River Basin</a> just upstream of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Bridge" title="Harvard Bridge">Harvard Bridge</a>. Stony Brook is fed by four tributaries, all of which are partially or entirely in conduits as well. </p><p>Stony Brook originally meandered across a flat valley and fed into the <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston#History" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a>; as the Back Bay was filled, it was directed into the <a href="/wiki/Muddy_River_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muddy River (Boston)">Muddy River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay_Fens" title="Back Bay Fens">Back Bay Fens</a>. It powered industries and its clear waters attracted breweries, but the surrounding lands tended to flood during heavy rains and <a href="/wiki/Freshet" title="Freshet">freshets</a>. A section in <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a> was placed in a conduit in 1851; by 1867, all of Stony Brook north of Roxbury Crossing was in conduits. Additional channelization took place in Jamaica Plain and Roslindale in the 1870s and 1880s, and a conduit built in 1881–82 allowed heavy flows to be directed directly to the Charles River. An 1886 flood demonstrated a need for greater capacity in the downstream conduits. </p><p>A new conduit was built from Roxbury Crossing to the Fens in 1887–89, for use with <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>'s plan to use the Fens as a holding basin for Stony Brook overflows. Due to upstream sanitation issues, storm flow was directed along a new conduit to the Charles in 1905. Conduits were extended south from the 1890s to the 1950s, leaving only the first 1 mile (1.6 km) of Stony Brook above ground. Sewer improvements in the 21st century reduced sewage flow into the Stony Brook during storms, in turn improving water quality in the Charles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Route">Route</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Route"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg/220px-1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg/330px-1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg/440px-1863_map_of_Stony_Brook_drainage_basin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6384" data-file-height="8098" /></a><figcaption>An 1863 map of Stony Brook and its <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Stony Brook originates at Turtle Pond in the <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation" title="Stony Brook Reservation">Stony Brook Reservation</a>. It flows about 1 mile (1.6 km) southeast through the park, then enters a conduit near the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways" title="Stony Brook Reservation Parkways">Enneking Parkway</a> and Gordon Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weiskel_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiskel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conduit zig-zags under residential areas, then follows the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Corridor" title="Northeast Corridor">Northeast Corridor</a> railroad line north for about 0.8 miles (1.3 km). It wanders north through residential areas of Hyde Park, Roslindale, and Jamaica Plain, largely paralleling the railroad line. Several streets are located on top of the conduit in this section, including American Legion Highway, Brookway Road, Stonley Road, and Meehan Street.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Green Street to Tremont Street, the conduit is adjacent to the railroad alignment.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>North of Tremont Street, the conduit is located under Gurney Street, Parker Street, and Forsyth Way.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pair of stone <a href="/wiki/Gatehouse_(waterworks)" title="Gatehouse (waterworks)">gatehouses</a> (one disused) are located on the north side of the <a href="/wiki/Fenway_(parkway)" title="Fenway (parkway)">Fenway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay_Fens" title="Back Bay Fens">Back Bay Fens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A conduit runs from the gatehouses north along the Fenway and Charlesgate East to a third gatehouse at Back Street. The Stony Brook discharges into the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles River Basin">Charles River Basin</a> north of the gatehouse, just upstream of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Bridge" title="Harvard Bridge">Harvard Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-benefits_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benefits-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normal dry-weather flow is about 10 cu ft/s (0.28 m<sup>3</sup>/s), though it can exceed 100 times that during storms.<sup id="cite_ref-Weiskel_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiskel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stony Brook originally had four major tributaries, all of which are now partially or entirely buried in conduits.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weiskel_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weiskel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two branches of Goldsmith Brook run between <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Pond" title="Jamaica Pond">Jamaica Pond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Arboretum" title="Arnold Arboretum">Arnold Arboretum</a>, combining near the Arborway and meeting the main conduit near Boylston Street.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bussey Brook runs parallel to the VFW Parkway and through the Arboretum, meeting the main conduit at Forest Hills; it runs on the surface except at its ends.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-openspace_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openspace-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Roslindale Branch runs from West Roxbury roughly parallel to the <a href="/wiki/Needham_Line" title="Needham Line">Needham Line</a>, meeting the main conduit east of Roslindale Square.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canterbury Brook runs west from near Codman Square, meeting Stony Brook near Neponset Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-2016report_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016report-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is partially fed from Scarborough Pond in <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Park,_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Park, Boston">Franklin Park</a> and has a surface segment along American Legion Highway.<sup id="cite_ref-openspace_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openspace-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_changes">Early changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stony_Brook_Gatehouse,_Boston_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A square stone building in a park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Stony_Brook_Gatehouse%2C_Boston_MA.jpg/220px-Stony_Brook_Gatehouse%2C_Boston_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Stony_Brook_Gatehouse%2C_Boston_MA.jpg/330px-Stony_Brook_Gatehouse%2C_Boston_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Stony_Brook_Gatehouse%2C_Boston_MA.jpg/440px-Stony_Brook_Gatehouse%2C_Boston_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Stony Brook Gatehouse, constructed in 1882 to manage flows into the Fens</figcaption></figure> <p>Stony Brook originally fed into the <a href="/wiki/Muddy_River_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muddy River (Boston)">Muddy River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston#History" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a> in a windy channel.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was known for its unusually clear water; a number of breweries including the <a href="/wiki/Haffenreffer_Brewery" title="Haffenreffer Brewery">Haffenreffer Brewery</a> were located along its banks.<sup id="cite_ref-heart_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heart-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flow also powered industry including mills and tanneries.<sup id="cite_ref-fhhistory_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhhistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Boston)" title="Washington Street (Boston)">Norfolk and Boston Turnpike</a> was constructed along the Stony Brook valley in 1803, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Providence_Railroad" title="Boston and Providence Railroad">Boston and Providence Railroad</a> in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-heart_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heart-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (That section of the railroad is now the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_(Massachusetts)" title="Southwest Corridor (Massachusetts)">Southwest Corridor</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_station_(MBTA)" title="Stony Brook station (MBTA)">Stony Brook station</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-netransit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-netransit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Stony Brook valley is very flat; during heavy rain and <a href="/wiki/Freshet" title="Freshet">freshets</a>, the brook would overflow its banks and inundate surrounding meadows. As development increased around the brook, this flooding became problematic (partially due to increased <a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">surface runoff</a> from cleared land).<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A section near <a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills_station_(MBTA)" title="Forest Hills station (MBTA)">Forest Hills station</a> was placed in a culvert by 1845; this was extended in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-fhhistory_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhhistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1851, a segment in Roxbury east of Tremont Street was placed into a conduit. Culvert Street (now Whittier Street) was built over part of the conduit; other sections of the filled land were sold for development.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The segment from Tremont Street to the Back Bay basin was diverted into a conduit under Rogers Avenue and Bryant Street (now Forsyth Street) in 1865. The segment from <a href="/wiki/Roxbury_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxbury Crossing">Roxbury Crossing</a> (Tremont Street at Pynchon Street) to Vernon Street was channelized and covered in 1866–67, completing improvements north of Roxbury Crossing.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1873, the city of West Roxbury channelized Stony Brook through the Roslindale and Jamaica Plain neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1873 annexation of Hyde Park, a similar channel was extended south from Roxbury Crossing to Jamaica Plain in 1880–84.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1881–82, a 7-by-7-foot (2.1 m × 2.1 m) conduit was constructed from Bryant Street under the east bank of the Muddy River to the Charles River. The <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Gatehouse" title="Stony Brook Gatehouse">Stony Brook Gatehouse</a> controlled the flow of the Stony Brook; under normal conditions, the full flow was directed into the new conduit.<sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four decades of channelizing and culverting the river were done haphazardly, with varying cross sections and slopes resulting in inconsistent attainable flow rates along the river.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rain and melting snow in February 1886 resulted in flows of 500 cu ft/s (14 m<sup>3</sup>/s), overwhelming the capacity of the culvert north of Roxbury Crossing. This resulted in flooding of 63 acres (25 ha) and 1,437 buildings, showing the inadequacy of the existing culverts.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanitary_channels">Sanitary channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sanitary channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg/220px-March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg/330px-March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg/440px-March_1888_map_and_profile_of_old_and_new_Stony_Brook_conduits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>An 1888 map of the old and new conduits feeding into the Fens</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1887–89, a bypass conduit (the Commissioner's Channel) was constructed from Roxbury Crossing to Huntington Avenue, largely under Parker Street. It was built at a cost of $650,000 (equivalent to $20 million in 2023) and was among the largest storm sewers in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inflation-USGDP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-USGDP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Huntington Avenue to the Muddy River, Stony Brook ran in a 42-foot (13 m)-wide open canal.<sup id="cite_ref-carter_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1880s and 1890s, the Muddy River channel was reconstructed in the Fens under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a> to serve as a holding basin for storm overflow from the Muddy River and Stony Brook.<sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Connected to the tidal Charles River, it would be sanitized by seawater with the twice-daily tides.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The railroad was <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_(Massachusetts)#Raising_the_railroad" title="Southwest Corridor (Massachusetts)">raised onto an embankment</a> through the Stony Brook Valley in the 1890s to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Grade_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade crossing">grade crossings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Avenue_(Boston)" title="Columbus Avenue (Boston)">Columbus Avenue</a> was widened around the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-fhhistory_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhhistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The railroad project built a deeper conduit under Forest Hills, plus a new 2,600-foot (790 m) conduit between <a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_station_(MBTA)" title="Stony Brook station (MBTA)">Boylston Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_station" title="Jackson Square station">Centre Street</a>, while the Columbus Avenue project extended the conduit from Centre Street to Roxbury Crossing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, the <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Globe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i> asserted that the "apparently inconsequential waterway has in its history cost more money to control and provide for than probably anything of its size in this part of the country".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1897, the full flow of Stony Brook (rather than merely storm overflow) was redirected into the Commissioner's Channel and into the Fens.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although a separate sewer had been built in the Stony Brook valley by the 1890s, it was inadequately sized to handle even small storms and was prone to breakage, resulting in sewage often entering the Stony Brook.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1898, the city was forced to dredge accumulated sewage from the Fens.<sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new 12-by-12-foot (3.7 m × 3.7 m) conduit, paralleling the 1881-built conduit, was built in 1903–05 to carry the whole Stony Brook flow directly to the Charles River.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second gatehouse was built to control flow into the new conduit.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fens_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fens-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge carrying the <a href="/wiki/Fenway_(parkway)" title="Fenway (parkway)">Fenway</a> over the no-longer-used canal was demolished with explosives in October 1905; the canal was filled in (partially with the bridge rubble) to create Forsyth Way.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction,_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A low stone building under construction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction%2C_1909.jpg/220px-Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction%2C_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction%2C_1909.jpg/330px-Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction%2C_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction%2C_1909.jpg/440px-Stony_Brook_gatehouse_construction%2C_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4893" data-file-height="2305" /></a><figcaption>Construction of the Charlesgate gatehouse in 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>The construction of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Dam" title="Charles River Dam">Charles River Dam</a>, which effectively changed the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles River Basin">Charles River Basin</a> from saltwater to freshwater, necessitated a conduit extension along the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River_Esplanade" title="Charles River Esplanade">Charles River Esplanade</a> in 1909. A third gatehouse was built at the connection point near Back Street and Charlesgate East.<sup id="cite_ref-gaining_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaining-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fivemillion_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fivemillion-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time this work was complete, the city had spent over $5 million (equivalent to $121 million in 2023) controlling Stony Brook.<sup id="cite_ref-fivemillion_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fivemillion-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1912–1914 construction of the <a href="/wiki/Boylston_Street_subway" title="Boylston Street subway">Boylston Street subway</a>, the Muddy River was temporarily redirected through the Stony Brook conduit.<sup id="cite_ref-btc1912_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btc1912-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flow from the Stony Brook was later directed into the Charles River at the gatehouse (as had been the case from 1881 to 1909), as the Esplanade conduit (Boston Marginal Conduit) is a <a href="/wiki/Combined_sewer" title="Combined sewer">combined sewer</a> that is routed to the <a href="/wiki/Deer_Island_Waste_Water_Treatment_Plant" title="Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant">Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-benefits_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benefits-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work in the 20th and 21st centuries gradually reduced industrial pollution and sewage flows into Stony Brook. A $45 million project, lasting from 2000 to 2006, installed 14 miles (23 km) of new storm drains and reduced sewage flows into Stony Brook during storms by 99.7%. This in turn has contributed to improved water quality in the Charles River.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_section">Southern section</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Southern section"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A pond surrounded by woods" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg/220px-Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg/330px-Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg/440px-Stony_Brook_Reservation_Parkways_Boston_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>Turtle Pond, source of Stony Brook</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_Reservation" title="Stony Brook Reservation">Stony Brook Reservation</a>, which includes Turtle Pond and the first 1 mile (1.6 km) of Stony Brook, was established as a park in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-1917report_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1917report-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining part of the river from Hyde Park to Jamaica Plain was gradually placed in conduits. Work began to extend the conduit south from Boylston Street in 1897, and reached Green Street in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conduit was extended south through <a href="/wiki/Arborway_station" title="Arborway station">Forest Hills Yard</a> to Forest Hills Square in 1910–11.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work around 1921 added a section of conduit south of Forest Hills, plus a conduit for the Roslindale Branch as far as Roslindale Square.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining surface sections in Roslindale and Hyde Park (outside the Stony Brook Reservation) were placed in conduits in the 1930s to 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-heart_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heart-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conduit under the Arborway was replaced in the early 1950s for construction of the <a href="/wiki/Casey_Overpass" class="mw-redirect" title="Casey Overpass">Casey Overpass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fhhistory_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhhistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, Brookway Road was constructed over the culvert south of Forest Hills.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three years later, a former Stony Brook culvert under the railroad (disused decades before when the river was placed underground) at the end of the street was reused as a pedestrian underpass.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the new underground <a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills_station_(MBTA)" title="Forest Hills station (MBTA)">Forest Hills station</a> was constructed in the 1980s, the conduit there was relocated even deeper.<sup id="cite_ref-fhhistory_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhhistory-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stony_Brook_(Charles_River_tributary,_Boston)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Weiskel-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weiskel_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiskel_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiskel_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weiskel_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWeiskelBarlowSmieszek" class="citation web cs1">Weiskel, Peter K.; Barlow, Lora K.; Smieszek, Tomas W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2005/1280/">"Water Resources and the Urban Environment, Lower Charles River Watershed, Massachusetts, 1630–2005"</a>. <i>CIR 1280, Water Resources and the Urban Environment, Lower Charles River Watershed, Massachusetts, 1630–2005</i>. 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Tracks Set for Hyde Park"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. November 19, 1954. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Pedestrian+Tunnel+Under+R.R.+Tracks+Set+for+Hyde+Park&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1954-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F53900648%2Fthe-boston-globe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStony+Brook+%28Charles+River+tributary%2C+Boston%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, 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system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buzzards_Bay" title="Buzzards Bay">Buzzards Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acushnet_River" title="Acushnet River">Acushnet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agawam_River" title="Agawam River">Agawam River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_River_(Buzzards_Bay)" title="Back River (Buzzards Bay)">Back River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copicut_River" title="Copicut River">Copicut River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crooked_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Crooked River (Massachusetts)">Crooked River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattapoisett_River" title="Mattapoisett River">Mattapoisett River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasketucket_River" title="Nasketucket River">Nasketucket River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paskamanset_River" title="Paskamanset River">Paskamanset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocasset_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Pocasset River (Massachusetts)">Pocasset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sippican_River" title="Sippican River">Sippican River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slocums_River" title="Slocums River">Slocums River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankinco_River" title="Wankinco River">Wankinco River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport_River" title="Westport River">Westport River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weweantic_River" title="Weweantic River">Weweantic River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nantucket_Sound" title="Nantucket Sound">Nantucket Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Bass River (Massachusetts)">Bass River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumps_River" title="Bumps River">Bumps River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childs_River" title="Childs River">Childs River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coonamesset_River" title="Coonamesset River">Coonamesset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashpee_River" title="Mashpee River">Mashpee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Mitchell River (Massachusetts)">Mitchell River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_Pond_River" title="Oyster Pond River">Oyster Pond River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popponesset_Creek" title="Popponesset Creek">Popponesset Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quashnet_River" title="Quashnet River">Quashnet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santuit_River" title="Santuit River">Santuit River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiasquam_River" title="Tiasquam River">Tiasquam River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Maine" title="Gulf of Maine">Gulf of Maine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod_Bay" title="Cape Cod Bay">Cape Cod Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Bluefish River (Massachusetts)">Bluefish River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Eel River (Massachusetts)">Eel River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_River_(Wellfleet,_Massachusetts)" title="Herring River (Wellfleet, Massachusetts)">Herring River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_River" title="Jones River">Jones River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pamet_River" title="Little Pamet River">Little Pamet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamet_River" title="Pamet River">Pamet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Brook_(Massachusetts)" title="Town Brook (Massachusetts)">Town Brook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay" title="Massachusetts Bay">Massachusetts Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberjona_River" title="Aberjona River">Aberjona River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alewife_Brook_Reservation" title="Alewife Brook Reservation">Alewife Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_River_(United_States)" title="Canton River (United States)">Canton River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Creek" title="Chelsea Creek">Chelsea Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochato_River" title="Cochato River">Cochato River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Fore River (Massachusetts)">Fore River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Fresh River (Massachusetts)">Fresh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_River" title="Indian Head River">Indian Head River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malden_River" title="Malden River">Malden River</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Millers_River_(Middlesex)" title="Millers River (Middlesex)">Millers River</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monatiquot_River" title="Monatiquot River">Monatiquot River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Muddy River (Massachusetts)">Muddy River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neponset_River" title="Neponset River">Neponset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_River_(Massachusetts_Bay)" title="North River (Massachusetts Bay)">North River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugus_River" title="Saugus River">Saugus River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Brook (Boston)">Stony Brook (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Brook_(Waltham)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Brook (Waltham)">Stony Brook (Waltham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_River" title="Stop River">Stop River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Weir River (Massachusetts)">Weir River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth_Back_River" title="Weymouth Back River">Weymouth Back River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">Merrimack River</a> Watershed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artichoke_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Artichoke River (Massachusetts)">Artichoke River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assabet_River" title="Assabet River">Assabet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_River_(Powwow_River_tributary)" title="Back River (Powwow River tributary)">Back River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Brook_(Merrimack_River_tributary)" title="Beaver Brook (Merrimack River tributary)">Beaver Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochichewick_River" title="Cochichewick River">Cochichewick River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord_River" title="Concord River">Concord River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_(Merrimack_River_tributary)" title="Little River (Merrimack River tributary)">Little River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">Merrimack River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashua_River" title="Nashua River">Nashua River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissitissit_River" title="Nissitissit River">Nissitissit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Nashua_River" title="North Nashua River">North Nashua River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Brook_(Massachusetts)" title="Phillips Brook (Massachusetts)">Phillips Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powwow_River" title="Powwow River">Powwow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinapoxet_River" title="Quinapoxet River">Quinapoxet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Brook_(Merrimack_River_tributary)" title="Salmon Brook (Merrimack River tributary)">Salmon Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawsheen_River" title="Shawsheen River">Shawsheen River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souhegan_River" title="Souhegan River">Souhegan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Branch_Souhegan_River" title="South Branch Souhegan River">South Branch Souhegan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Nashua_River" title="South Nashua River">South Nashua River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicket_River" title="Spicket River">Spicket River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squannacook_River" title="Squannacook River">Squannacook River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillwater_River_(Nashua_River_tributary)" title="Stillwater River (Nashua River tributary)">Stillwater River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_River" title="Sudbury River">Sudbury River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Brook_(Massachusetts)" title="Trout Brook (Massachusetts)">Trout Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine_Brook" title="Vine Brook">Vine Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman_River" title="Whitman River">Whitman River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annisquam_River" title="Annisquam River">Annisquam River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater_River_(Massachusetts%E2%80%93New_Hampshire)" title="Blackwater River (Massachusetts–New Hampshire)">Blackwater River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Hill_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Hill River">Eagle Hill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_River" title="Egypt River">Egypt River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich_River" title="Ipswich River">Ipswich River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho_Creek_(Plum_Island_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jericho Creek (Plum Island River)">Jericho Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Island_River" title="Roger Island River">Roger Island River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowley_River" title="Rowley River">Rowley River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skug_River" title="Skug River">Skug River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Sound" title="Long Island Sound">Long Island Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a> Watershed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burnshirt_River" title="Burnshirt River">Burnshirt River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_Brook" title="Chapel Brook">Chapel Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicopee_River" title="Chicopee River">Chicopee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Cranberry River (Massachusetts)">Cranberry River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deerfield_River" title="Deerfield River">Deerfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Brookfield_River" title="East Brookfield River">East Brookfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_River" title="Farmington River">Farmington River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River_(Connecticut_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall River (Connecticut River)">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Mile_River_(East_Brookfield_River_tributary)" title="Five Mile River (East Brookfield River tributary)">Five Mile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Deerfield_River_tributary)" title="Green River (Deerfield River tributary)">Green River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_River" title="Hubbard River">Hubbard River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhan_River" title="Manhan River">Manhan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_River_(Northampton,_Massachusetts)" title="Mill River (Northampton, Massachusetts)">Mill River (Northampton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_River_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Mill River (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Mill River (Springfield)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millers_River" title="Millers River">Millers River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirey_Brook" title="Mirey Brook">Mirey Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Branch_Millers_River" title="North Branch Millers River">North Branch Millers River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Branch_Westfield_River" title="North Branch Westfield River">North Branch Westfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_River_(Deerfield_River_tributary)" title="North River (Deerfield River tributary)">North River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Otter River (Massachusetts)">Otter River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quaboag_River" title="Quaboag River">Quaboag River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scantic_River" title="Scantic River">Scantic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Mile_River_(East_Brookfield_River_tributary)" title="Seven Mile River (East Brookfield River tributary)">Seven Mile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbell_Brook" title="Tarbell Brook">Tarbell Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware_River" title="Ware River">Ware River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_River" title="Westfield River">Westfield River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Housatonic_River" title="Housatonic River">Housatonic River</a> Watershed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housatonic_River" title="Housatonic River">Housatonic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkapot_River" title="Konkapot River">Konkapot River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenob_Brook" title="Schenob Brook">Schenob Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpachene_River" title="Umpachene River">Umpachene River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thames_River_(Connecticut)" title="Thames River (Connecticut)">Thames River</a> Watershed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_River_(Massachusetts)" title="French River (Massachusetts)">French River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinebaug_River" title="Quinebaug River">Quinebaug River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Bay" title="Narragansett Bay">Narragansett Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope_Bay" title="Mount Hope Bay">Mount Hope Bay</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Taunton_River" title="Taunton River">Taunton River</a> Watershed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assonet_River" title="Assonet River">Assonet River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_River" title="Canoe River">Canoe River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Swamp_River" title="Cedar Swamp River">Cedar Swamp River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocasset_River" title="Cocasset River">Cocasset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotley_River" title="Cotley River">Cotley River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge_River" title="Forge River">Forge River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockomock_River" title="Hockomock River">Hockomock River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matfield_River" title="Matfield River">Matfield River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_River_(Taunton_River_tributary)" title="Mill River (Taunton River tributary)">Mill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemasket_River" title="Nemasket River">Nemasket River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Meadow_Brook" title="Poor Meadow Brook">Poor Meadow Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quequechan_River" title="Quequechan River">Quequechan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumford_River" title="Rumford River">Rumford River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain_River" title="Salisbury Plain River">Salisbury Plain River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satucket_River" title="Satucket River">Satucket River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segreganset_River" title="Segreganset River">Segreganset River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumatuscacant_River" title="Shumatuscacant River">Shumatuscacant River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Snake River (Massachusetts)">Snake River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton_River" title="Taunton River">Taunton River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Mile_River" title="Three Mile River">Three Mile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_River" title="Town River">Town River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wading_River_(Massachusetts)" title="Wading River (Massachusetts)">Wading River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnetuxet_River" title="Winnetuxet River">Winnetuxet River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Providence_River" title="Providence River">Providence River</a> Watershed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Run" title="Abbott Run">Abbott Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River" title="Blackstone River">Blackstone River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungay_River" title="Bungay River">Bungay River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chockalog_River" title="Chockalog River">Chockalog River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_River_(Massachusetts%E2%80%93Rhode_Island)" title="Mill River (Massachusetts–Rhode Island)">Mill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumford_River" title="Mumford River">Mumford River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peters_River" title="Peters River">Peters River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinsigamond_River" title="Quinsigamond River">Quinsigamond River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevenmile_River_(Tenmile_River_tributary)" title="Sevenmile River (Tenmile River tributary)">Sevenmile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannery_River" title="Tannery River">Tannery River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Mile_River_(Seekonk_River_tributary)" title="Ten Mile River (Seekonk River tributary)">Ten Mile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_River_(Massachusetts)" title="West River (Massachusetts)">West River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilde_River" title="Wilde River">Wilde River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_River_(Rhode_Island)" title="Barrington River (Rhode Island)">Barrington River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_River" title="Cole River">Cole River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Brook" title="Coles Brook">Coles Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickemuit_River" title="Kickemuit River">Kickemuit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lees_River" title="Lees River">Lees River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_River_(Massachusetts%E2%80%93Rhode_Island)" title="Palmer River (Massachusetts–Rhode Island)">Palmer River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runnins_River" title="Runnins River">Runnins River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_New_York_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper New York Bay">Upper New York Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hudson_River_Watershed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> Watershed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosic_River" title="Hoosic River">Hoosic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinderhook_Creek" title="Kinderhook Creek">Kinderhook Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> 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