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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ميثوبيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميثوبيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μυθοποιία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μυθοποιία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitopoeia_(g%C3%A9nero)" title="Mitopoeia (género) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mitopoeia (género)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسطوره‌آفرینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسطوره‌آفرینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythopoe%C3%AFa" title="Mythopoeïa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mythopoeïa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitopoiesi" title="Mitopoiesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mitopoiesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Narrative genre in modern literature and film</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the poem by <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia_(poem)" title="Mythopoeia (poem)">Mythopoeia (poem)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Mythopoeia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%AF%CE%B1#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:μυθοποιία">μυθοποιία</a></span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>muthopoiía</i></span></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'myth-making'), or <b>mythopoesis</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Subgenre" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenre">subgenre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a>, and a theme in modern <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, where an artificial or fictionalized <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a> is created by the writer of <a href="/wiki/Prose_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Prose fiction">prose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, or other literary forms. The concept, which long preexisted him, was widely popularised by <a href="#Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> in the 1930s. The authors in this genre integrate traditional <a href="/wiki/Mytheme" title="Mytheme">mythological themes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetypes</a> into fiction. Mythopoeia is also the act of creating a mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genre">Genre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Campbell_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Joseph_Campbell_%28cropped%29.png/170px-Joseph_Campbell_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Joseph_Campbell_%28cropped%29.png/255px-Joseph_Campbell_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Joseph_Campbell_%28cropped%29.png/340px-Joseph_Campbell_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a> wrote about the role of created mythologies in the modern world.<sup id="cite_ref-Moyers_1988_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moyers_1988-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The term <i>mythopoeia</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Hellenistic Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">muthopoiía</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μυθοποιία</span></span>), meaning 'myth-making'; an alternative is <i>mythopoesis</i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μυθοποίησις</span></span>) of similar meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The definition of <i>mythopoeia</i> as "a creating of myth" is first recorded from 1846.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merriam-Webster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early use, it meant the making of myths in ancient times.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While many literary works carry mythic <a href="/wiki/Theme_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (literature)">themes</a>, only a few approach the dense <a href="/wiki/Self-reference" title="Self-reference">self-referentiality</a> and purpose of mythopoesis. Mythopoeic authors include <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Plunkett,_18th_Baron_of_Dunsany" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany">Lord Dunsany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-adcox_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adcox-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Abate_Weldy_2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abate_Weldy_2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Peake" title="Mervyn Peake">Mervyn Peake</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Howard" title="Robert E. Howard">Robert E. Howard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolkien used the word as the title of <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia_(poem)" title="Mythopoeia (poem)">one of his poems</a>, written in 1931 and published in <i><a href="/wiki/Tree_and_Leaf" title="Tree and Leaf">Tree and Leaf</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Works of mythopoeia are often categorized as <a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">fantasy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> but fill a niche for mythology in the modern world, according to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>, a famous student of world mythology. Campbell spoke of a <a href="/wiki/Nietzsche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nietzsche">Nietzschean</a> world which has today outlived much of the mythology of the past. He claimed that new myths must be created, but he believed that present culture is changing too rapidly for society to be completely described by any such mythological framework until a later age.<sup id="cite_ref-Moyers_1988_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moyers_1988-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The philosopher Phillip Stambovsky argues that mythopoeia provides relief from the existential dread that comes with a rational world, and that it can serve as a way to link different cultures and societies.<sup id="cite_ref-Stambovsky_2004_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stambovsky_2004-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mythopoeia is sometimes called <i>artificial mythology</i>, which emphasizes that it did not evolve naturally and is an artifice comparable with <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">artificial language</a>, and therefore should not be taken seriously as mythology. For example, the noted folklorist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Dundes" title="Alan Dundes">Alan Dundes</a> argued that "any novel cannot meet the cultural criteria of myth. A work of art, or artifice, cannot be said to be the narrative of a culture's sacred tradition...[it is] at most, artificial myth."<sup id="cite_ref-adcox_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adcox-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antecedents">Antecedents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Antecedents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg/220px-Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg/330px-Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg/440px-Spectre_over_Los_from_William_Blake%27s_Jeruesalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1929" data-file-height="1745" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_mythology" title="William Blake's mythology">William Blake's mythology</a> is both written and illustrated. Here, <a href="/wiki/Los_(Blake)" title="Los (Blake)">Los</a> is tormented at his smithy by the <a href="/wiki/Spectre_(Blake)" title="Spectre (Blake)">Spectre</a> in an illustration to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem:_The_Emanation_of_the_Giant_Albion" title="Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion"><i>Jerusalem</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blake_Giant_Albion_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake_Giant_Albion-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blake_Sample_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake_Sample-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> set out <a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_mythology" title="William Blake's mythology">his mythology</a> in his "prophetic works" such as <i><a href="/wiki/Vala,_or_The_Four_Zoas" title="Vala, or The Four Zoas">Vala, or The Four Zoas</a></i>. These name several original gods, such as <a href="/wiki/Urizen" title="Urizen">Urizen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orc_(William_Blake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orc (William Blake)">Orc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_(Blake)" title="Los (Blake)">Los</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albion_(Blake)" title="Albion (Blake)">Albion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rintrah" title="Rintrah">Rintrah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahania" title="Ahania">Ahania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Enitharmon" title="Enitharmon">Enitharmon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tate_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tate-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the 19th century, stories by <a href="/wiki/George_MacDonald" title="George MacDonald">George MacDonald</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._Rider_Haggard" title="H. Rider Haggard">H. Rider Haggard</a> created fictional worlds; C. S. Lewis praised both for their "mythopoeic" gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELobdell2004162_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELobdell2004162-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunsany" title="Lord Dunsany">Lord Dunsany</a>'s 1905 book of short stories, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Gods_of_Pegana" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gods of Pegana">The Gods of Pegana</a></i>, is linked by Dunsany's invented pantheon of deities who dwell in <a href="/wiki/Pegana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegana">Pegāna</a>. It was followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Time_and_the_Gods" title="Time and the Gods">Time and the Gods</a></i>, by some stories in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_of_Welleran_and_Other_Stories" title="The Sword of Welleran and Other Stories">The Sword of Welleran and Other Stories</a></i>, and by <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Three_Hemispheres" title="Tales of Three Hemispheres">Tales of Three Hemispheres</a></i>. In 1919, Dunsany told an American interviewer, "In <i>The Gods of Pegana</i> I tried to account for the ocean and the moon. I don't know whether anyone else has ever tried that before."<sup id="cite_ref-Wisehart_1919_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wisehart_1919-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dunsany's work influenced J. R. R. Tolkien's later writings.<sup id="cite_ref-Dilworth_2011_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dilworth_2011-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> (1922) was a deliberate attempt to model a 20th-century mythology patterned after the birth-rebirth motif described by the anthropologist and folklorist <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oser_1996_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oser_1996-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="J._R._R._Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: J. R. R. Tolkien"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Subcreation"></span><span class="anchor" id="Tolkien"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Tolkien's legendarium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia_(poem)" title="Mythopoeia (poem)">Mythopoeia (poem)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_Tolkien.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Oxford_Tolkien.JPG/170px-Oxford_Tolkien.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Oxford_Tolkien.JPG/255px-Oxford_Tolkien.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Oxford_Tolkien.JPG/340px-Oxford_Tolkien.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1940" data-file-height="2910" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien's</a> bust by <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_family#Faith_Faulconbridge" title="Tolkien family">Faith Falcounbridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> wrote a poem titled <i><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia_(poem)" title="Mythopoeia (poem)">Mythopoeia</a></i> following a discussion on the night of 19 September 1931 at <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a> with <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Dyson" title="Hugo Dyson">Hugo Dyson</a>, in which he intended to explain and defend creative myth-making.<sup id="cite_ref-adcox_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adcox-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem describes the creative human author as "the little maker" wielding his "own small golden sceptre" and ruling his "<b>subcreation</b>" (understood as a creation of Man within <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>'s primary <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Tolkien_2001_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tolkien_2001-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Tolkien's wider legendarium</a> includes not only <a href="/wiki/Origin_myth" title="Origin myth">origin myths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myths</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic poetry</a> cycle, but also fictive <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a>. He more succinctly explores the function of such myth-making, "subcreation" and "<a href="/wiki/Faery" class="mw-redirect" title="Faery">Faery</a>" in the short story <i><a href="/wiki/Leaf_by_Niggle" title="Leaf by Niggle">Leaf by Niggle</a></i> (1945)<i>,</i> the novella <i><a href="/wiki/Smith_of_Wootton_Major" title="Smith of Wootton Major">Smith of Wootton Major</a></i> (1967), and the essays <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf:_The_Monsters_and_the_Critics" title="Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics">Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics</a></i> (1936) and <i><a href="/wiki/On_Fairy-Stories" title="On Fairy-Stories">On Fairy-Stories</a></i> (1939). Written in 1939 for presentation by Tolkien at the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lang_lecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Lang lecture">Andrew Lang lecture</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a> and published in print in 1947, <i>On Fairy-Stories</i> explains "Faery" as both a fictitious realm and an <a href="/wiki/Collective_unconscious" title="Collective unconscious">archetypal plane</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(psychology)" title="Psyche (psychology)">psyche</a> or <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a> from whence Man derives his "subcreative" capacity. Tolkien emphasizes the importance of <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> in the act of channeling "subcreation", speaking of the human linguistic faculty in general as well as the specifics of the language used in a given tradition, particularly in the form of story and song:<sup id="cite_ref-Tolkien_1964_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tolkien_1964-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Mythology is not a disease at all, though it may like all human things become diseased. You might as well say that thinking is a disease of the mind. It would be more near the truth to say that languages, especially modern European languages, are a disease of mythology. But Language cannot, all the same, be dismissed. The incarnate mind, the tongue, and the tale are in our world coeval. The human mind, endowed with the powers of generalization and abstraction, sees not only green-grass, discriminating it from other things (and finding it fair to look upon), but sees that it is green as well as being grass. But how powerful, how stimulating to the very faculty that produced it, was the invention of the adjective: no spell or incantation in Faerie is more potent. And that is not surprising: such incantations might indeed be said to be only another view of adjectives, a part of speech in a mythical grammar. The mind that thought of light, heavy, grey, yellow, still, swift, also conceived of magic that would make heavy things light and able to fly, turn grey lead into yellow gold, and the still rock into a swift water. If it could do the one, it could do the other; it inevitably did both. When we can take green from grass, blue from heaven, and red from blood, we have already an enchanter's power—upon one plane; and the desire to wield that power in the world external to our minds awakes. It does not follow that we shall use that power well upon any plane. We may put a deadly green upon a man's face and produce a horror; we may make the rare and terrible blue moon to shine; or we may cause woods to spring with silver leaves and rams to wear fleeces of gold, and put hot fire into the belly of the cold worm. But in such "fantasy," as it is called, new form is made; Faerie begins; Man becomes a sub-creator.<sup id="cite_ref-Tolkien_1964_p25_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tolkien_1964_p25-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_(mural_sketch).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_%28mural_sketch%29.jpg/330px-Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_%28mural_sketch%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_%28mural_sketch%29.jpg/495px-Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_%28mural_sketch%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_%28mural_sketch%29.jpg/660px-Akseli_Gallen-Kallela_-_L%C3%B6nnrot_and_the_Oral_Poets_%28mural_sketch%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3589" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Tolkien was unable to emulate <a href="/wiki/Elias_L%C3%B6nnrot" title="Elias Lönnrot">Elias Lönnrot</a>, who travelled Finland recording <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral folklore</a>, and then reconstructed the country's mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1912 sketch for a mural, <i>Lönnrot and the Rune Singers</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Akseli_Gallen-Kallela" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela">Akseli Gallen-Kallela</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Tolkien scholars have likened his views on the creation of myth to the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> concept of <a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a> or "The Word", which is said to act as both "the [...] language of nature" spoken into being by God, and "a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite I AM".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Verlyn Flieger</a> wrote that <a href="/wiki/Elias_L%C3%B6nnrot" title="Elias Lönnrot">Elias Lönnrot</a> intentionally created the <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevala</a></i> as a mythology for Finland, giving it "a world of magic and mystery, a heroic age of story that may never have existed in precisely the form he gave it, but nevertheless fired Finland with a sense of its own independent worth."<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2004_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2004-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her view, Tolkien, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_influences_on_Tolkien#Kalevala" title="Finnish influences on Tolkien">who had read the <i>Kalevala</i></a>, "envisioned himself" doing exactly the same thing, except that <a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">the mythology would be entirely fictive</a>. Lönnrot had travelled the backwoods of Finland for 20 years, collecting stories and songs "from unlettered peasants".<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2004_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2004-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolkien meant to <a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">invent both the collectors and the storytellers</a>, in his case Elves: "he would be at once the singer and the compiler, the performer and the audience."<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2004_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2004-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C._S._Lewis">C. S. Lewis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: C. S. Lewis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time that Tolkien debated the usefulness of myth and mythopoeia with <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> in 1931, Lewis was a <a href="/wiki/Theist" class="mw-redirect" title="Theist">theist</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis194666–67_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis194666–67-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and liked but was skeptical of <a href="/wiki/Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology">mythology</a>, taking the position that myths were "lies and therefore worthless, even though 'breathed through silver<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-adcox_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adcox-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-menion_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-menion-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Lewis later began to speak of Christianity as the one "true myth". Lewis wrote, "The story of Christ is simply a true myth: a myth working on us in the same way as the others, but with this tremendous difference that it really happened."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, his <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Narnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicles of Narnia">Chronicles of Narnia</a></i> is regarded as mythopoeia, with storylines referencing that Christian mythology, namely the narrative of a great <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">king</a> who is sacrificed to save his people and is resurrected. Lewis's mythopoeic intent is often confused with <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a>, where the characters and world of Narnia would stand in direct equivalence with concepts and events from Christian theology and history, but Lewis repeatedly emphasized that an allegorical reading misses the point (the mythopoeia) of the Narnia stories.<sup id="cite_ref-Abate_Weldy_2012_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abate_Weldy_2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He shares this skepticism toward allegory with Tolkien, who disliked "conscious and intentional" allegory as it stood in opposition the broad and "inevitable" allegory of themes like "Fall" and "Mortality".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Superheroes_of_comic_books">Superheroes of comic books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Superheroes of comic books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Comics_superheroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics superheroes">Comics superheroes</a></div> <p>In <i>The Mythos of the Superheroes and the Mythos of the Saints</i>, Thomas Roberts observes that:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To the student of myth, the mythos of the <a href="/wiki/Comics_superheroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Comics superheroes">comics superheroes</a> is of unique interest."<br />"Why do human beings want myths and how do they make them? Some of the answers to those questions can be found only sixty years back. Where did Superman and the other superheroes come from? In his Encyclopedia of the Superheroes, Jeff Rovin correctly observes, "In the earliest days, we called them 'gods'.</p></blockquote> <p>The 1938-debuting <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>, for example, sent from the "heavens" by his father to save humanity, is a messiah-type of character in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, along with the rest of <a href="/wiki/DC_Comic" class="mw-redirect" title="DC Comic">DC Comic</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Justice_League_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice League of America">Justice League of America</a>, Superman watches over humanity from the <a href="/wiki/Watchtower" title="Watchtower">Watchtower</a> in the skies; just as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">Greek gods</a> do from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus" title="Mount Olympus">Mount Olympus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_film">In film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Worldbuilding" title="Worldbuilding">Worldbuilding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">Fictional universe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mythology_(fiction)" title="Mythology (fiction)">Mythology (fiction)</a></div> <p>Frank McConnell, author of <i>Storytelling and Mythmaking</i> and professor of English at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>, called film another "mythmaking" art, stating: "Film and literature matter as much as they do because they are versions of mythmaking."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19796_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19796-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his view, film is a perfect vehicle for mythmaking: "FILM...strives toward the fulfillment of its own projected reality in an ideally associative, personal world."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19795,_99:_"film_is_a_perfect_model_of_the_epic_paradigm:_the_founder_of_the_land,_the_man_who_walls_in_and_defines_the_human_space_of_a_given_culture..."_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19795,_99:_"film_is_a_perfect_model_of_the_epic_paradigm:_the_founder_of_the_land,_the_man_who_walls_in_and_defines_the_human_space_of_a_given_culture..."-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a broad analysis, McConnell associates the American <a href="/wiki/Western_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Western movie">western movies</a> and romance movies with the <a href="/wiki/Arthurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian">Arthurian</a> mythology,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197915_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197915-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adventure and action movies with the "<a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic world</a>" mythologies of founding societies,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197921_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197921-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many romance movies where the hero is allegorically playing the role of a knight, with "quest" mythologies like <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gawain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Gawain">Sir Gawain</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Quest for the Holy Grail</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197913,_83–93_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197913,_83–93-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Star_Wars">Star Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Star Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Lucas_1986_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-George_Lucas_1986_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>George Lucas</figcaption></figure> <p>Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a> speaks of the cinematic storyline of <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> as an example of modern myth-making. In 1999 he told <a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Bill Moyers</a>, "With <i>Star Wars</i> I consciously set about to re-create myths and the classic mythological motifs."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McConnell writes that "it has passed, quicker than anyone could have imagined, from the status of film to that of legitimate and deeply embedded popular mythology."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197918_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197918-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Lyden, the Professor and Chair of the Religion Department at <a href="/wiki/Dana_College" title="Dana College">Dana College</a>, argues that <i>Star Wars</i> does indeed reproduce religious and mythical themes; specifically, he argues that the work is <a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">apocalyptic</a> in concept and scope.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steven D. Greydanus of <i>The Decent Film Guide</i> agrees, calling <i>Star Wars</i> a "work of epic mythopoeia."<sup id="cite_ref-greydanus_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greydanus-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, Greydanus argues that <i>Star Wars</i> is <i>the</i> primary example of American mythopoeia:<sup id="cite_ref-greydanus_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greydanus-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The Force, the Jedi knights, Darth Vader, Obi-Wan, Princess Leia, Yoda, lightsabers, and the Death Star hold a place in the collective imagination of countless Americans that can only be described as mythic. In my review of A New Hope I called Star Wars 'the quintessential American mythology', an American take on King Arthur, Tolkien, and the samurai/wuxia epics of the East ..."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Steven D. Greydanus</cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> has observed of <i>Star Wars</i> that "It is not by accident that George Lucas worked with Joseph Campbell, an expert on the world's basic myths, in fashioning a screenplay that owes much to man's oldest stories."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "mythical" aspects of the Star Wars franchise have been challenged by other film critics. Regarding claims by Lucas himself, Steven Hart observes that Lucas didn't mention <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a> at the time of the original <i>Star Wars</i>; evidently they met only in the 1980s. Their mutual admiration "did wonders for [Campbell's] visibility" and obscured the tracks of Lucas in the "despised genre" science fiction; "<i>the epics</i> make for an infinitely classier set of influences."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_music">In music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In classical music, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>'s operas were a deliberate attempt to create a new kind of <i>Gesamtkunstwerk</i> ('total work of art'), transforming the legends of the Teutonic past nearly out of recognition into a new monument to the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> project. </p><p>While ostensibly known for improvised jamming, the rock group <a href="/wiki/Phish" title="Phish">Phish</a> first cemented as a group while producing leading member <a href="/wiki/Trey_Anastasio" title="Trey Anastasio">Trey Anastasio</a>'s senior project in college, called <i>The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday</i>. The song cycle features narration of major events in a mythical land called <a href="/wiki/Gamehendge" title="Gamehendge">Gamehendge</a>, containing types of imaginary creatures and primarily populated by a race called the "Lizards". It is essentially a postmodern pastiche, drawing from Anastasio's interest in musicals or rock operas as much as from reading philosophy and fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of the myth is considered by many fans the thesis statement of the group, musically and philosophically, as Gamehendge's book of lost secrets (called the "Helping Friendly Book") is summarized as an encouragement to improvisation in any part of life: "the trick was to surrender to the flow."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The black metal band <a href="/wiki/Immortal_(band)" title="Immortal (band)">Immortal's</a> lyricist <a href="/wiki/Harald_N%C3%A6vdal" title="Harald Nævdal">Harald Nævdal</a> has created a mythological realm called <a href="/wiki/Blashyrkh" class="mw-redirect" title="Blashyrkh">Blashyrkh</a> filled with demons, battles, winter landscapes, woods, and darkness, described by the band as a northern "Frostdemon" realm.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizations">Organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a> exists to promote mythopoeic literature, with conferences, books, periodicals, and the <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_setting" title="Campaign setting">Campaign setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructed_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructed world">Constructed world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hero%27s_journey" title="Hero's journey">Hero's journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_fiction" title="Mythic fiction">Mythic fiction</a>, literature that is rooted in tropes and themes of existing – instead of more artificial – mythology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Merriam-Webster-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mythopoeia">"mythopoeia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=mythopoeia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fmythopoeia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moyers_1988-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moyers_1988_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moyers_1988_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1988" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Campbell, Joseph</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://billmoyers.com/series/joseph-campbell-and-the-power-of-myth-1988/">"Joseph Campbell and The Power of Myth"</a>. <i>Bill Moyers</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bill+Moyers&rft.atitle=Joseph+Campbell+and+The+Power+of+Myth&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbillmoyers.com%2Fseries%2Fjoseph-campbell-and-the-power-of-myth-1988%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mythopoeia">"mythopoeia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=mythopoeia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fmythopoeia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, "The first two, the most remote stages, are purely linguistic germs of mythology: the third is in the domain of mythopoeia, or myth-building." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunsen1860" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Karl_Josias_von_Bunsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Karl Josias von Bunsen">Bunsen, C. C. J.</a> (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2oFJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA450"><i>Egypt's Place in Universal History: an Historical Investigation in Five Books, Volume IV</i></a>. Charles H. Cottrell (trans.). <a href="/wiki/Longman,_Green,_Longman,_and_Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts">Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts</a>. p. 450.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt%27s+Place+in+Universal+History%3A+an+Historical+Investigation+in+Five+Books%2C+Volume+IV&rft.pages=450&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Green%2C+Longman%2C+and+Roberts&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Bunsen&rft.aufirst=C.+C.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2oFJAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100220548">"mythopoeia"</a>. <i>Oxford Reference</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>individually by a writer who elaborates a personal system of spiritual principles as in the writings of William Blake</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Reference&rft.atitle=mythopoeia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foi%2Fauthority.20110803100220548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman2013" class="citation book cs1">Norman, Joseph (2013). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sounds Which Filled Me with an Indefinable Dread': The Cthulhu Mythopoeia of H. P. Lovecraft in 'Extreme' Metal". In Simmons, David (ed.). <i>New Critical Essays on H. P. Lovecraft</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 193–208. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137320964_11">10.1057/9781137320964_11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-32096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-32096-4"><bdi>978-1-137-32096-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5576363673">5576363673</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192763998">192763998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Sounds+Which+Filled+Me+with+an+Indefinable+Dread%27%3A+The+Cthulhu+Mythopoeia+of+H.+P.+Lovecraft+in+%27Extreme%27+Metal&rft.btitle=New+Critical+Essays+on+H.+P.+Lovecraft&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=193-208&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5576363673&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192763998%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137320964_11&rft.isbn=978-1-137-32096-4&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Gods of Dunsany", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 26 January 1919 (Arts & Leisure)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adcox-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adcox_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adcox_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adcox_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adcox_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dundes, quoted by Adcox, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abate_Weldy_2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abate_Weldy_2012_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abate_Weldy_2012_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbateWeldy2012" class="citation book cs1">Abate, Michelle Ann; Weldy, Lance (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi8dBQAAQBAJ"><i>C.S. Lewis</i></a>. London: Palgrave. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137284976" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137284976"><bdi>978-1137284976</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C.S.+Lewis&rft.place=London&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1137284976&rft.aulast=Abate&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Ann&rft.au=Weldy%2C+Lance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWi8dBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisson2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sisson, Richard (2000). "Irmin Schmidt's Fantasy Opera 'Gormenghast' on CD". <i>Peake Studies</i>. <b>7</b> (1): 14–16. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24776036">24776036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peake+Studies&rft.atitle=Irmin+Schmidt%27s+Fantasy+Opera+%27Gormenghast%27+on+CD&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-16&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24776036%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sisson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackgate.com/the-demarcation-of-sword-and-sorcery/">"The Demarcation of Sword and Sorcery – Black Gate"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Demarcation+of+Sword+and+Sorcery+%E2%80%93+Black+Gate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackgate.com%2Fthe-demarcation-of-sword-and-sorcery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060109194442/http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/mythopoeia.html">"Mythopoeia by J.R.R. Tolkien"</a>. <i>ccil.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mercury.ccil.org/~cowan/mythopoeia.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ccil.org&rft.atitle=Mythopoeia+by+J.R.R.+Tolkien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmercury.ccil.org%2F~cowan%2Fmythopoeia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stambovsky_2004-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stambovsky_2004_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStambovsky2004" class="citation book cs1">Stambovsky, Phillip (2004). <i>Myth and the Limits of Reason</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_America" title="University Press of America">University Press of America</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-76182-754-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-76182-754-2"><bdi>978-0-76182-754-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth+and+the+Limits+of+Reason&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-76182-754-2&rft.aulast=Stambovsky&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake_Giant_Albion-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake_Giant_Albion_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/object.xq?objectid=jerusalem.e.illbk.06&java=no">"Copy Information for Jerusalem The Emanation of The Giant Albion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Blake_Archive" title="William Blake Archive">William Blake Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Copy+Information+for+Jerusalem+The+Emanation+of+The+Giant+Albion&rft.pub=William+Blake+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blakearchive.org%2Fexist%2Fblake%2Farchive%2Fobject.xq%3Fobjectid%3Djerusalem.e.illbk.06%26java%3Dno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blake_Sample-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake_Sample_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaves,_MorrisEssick,_Robert_N.Viscomi,_Joseph" class="citation web cs1">Eaves, Morris; Essick, Robert N.; Viscomi, Joseph (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blakearchive.org/exist/blake/archive/illusdesc.xq?objectid=jerusalem.e.illbk.06&objectdbi=jerusalem.e.p6">"Object description for "Jerusalem The Emanation of The Giant Albion, copy E, object 15 (Bentley 15, Erdman 15, Keynes 15)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Blake_Archive" title="William Blake Archive">William Blake Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Object+description+for+%22Jerusalem+The+Emanation+of+The+Giant+Albion%2C+copy+E%2C+object+15+%28Bentley+15%2C+Erdman+15%2C+Keynes+15%29%22&rft.pub=William+Blake+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blakearchive.org%2Fexist%2Fblake%2Farchive%2Fillusdesc.xq%3Fobjectid%3Djerusalem.e.illbk.06%26objectdbi%3Djerusalem.e.p6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tate-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tate_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTate" class="citation news cs1">Tate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/william-blake-39/blakes-characters">"William Blake's cast of characters"</a>. <i>Tate</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tate_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tate Gallery">Tate Gallery</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>Blake created his own mythology populated by a host of beings that he himself had either invented, or re-interpreted.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=William+Blake%27s+cast+of+characters&rft.au=Tate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartists%2Fwilliam-blake-39%2Fblakes-characters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELobdell2004162-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELobdell2004162_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLobdell2004">Lobdell 2004</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wisehart_1919-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wisehart_1919_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wisehart, M. K. "Ideals and Fame: A One-Act Conversation With Lord Dunsany," <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sun (New York)">New York Sun</a> Book World</i>, 19 October 1919, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dilworth_2011-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dilworth_2011_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDilworth2011" class="citation web cs1">Dilworth, Dianna (18 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adweek.com/galleycat/what-did-j-r-r-tolkien-read/37585">"What Did J.R.R. Tolkien Read?"</a>. <i>GalleyCat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GalleyCat&rft.atitle=What+Did+J.R.R.+Tolkien+Read%3F&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft.aulast=Dilworth&rft.aufirst=Dianna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adweek.com%2Fgalleycat%2Fwhat-did-j-r-r-tolkien-read%2F37585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oser_1996-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oser_1996_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOser1996" class="citation journal cs1">Oser, Lee (Winter 1996). "Eliot, Frazer, and the Mythology of Modernism". <i>The Southern Review</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 183 – via ProQuest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Southern+Review&rft.atitle=Eliot%2C+Frazer%2C+and+the+Mythology+of+Modernism&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=183&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Oser&rft.aufirst=Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tolkien_2001-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tolkien_2001_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JW-cQ-cypwwC">Tree and Leaf; Mythopoeia; The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Beorhthelm's Son</a></i> (London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, 2001) [first published 1964] <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0007105045" title="Special:BookSources/978-0007105045">978-0007105045</a>. Pages 85–90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tolkien_1964-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tolkien_1964_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1964). <i><a href="/wiki/Tree_and_Leaf" title="Tree and Leaf">Tree and Leaf</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp. 11–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+and+Leaf&rft.place=London&rft.pages=11-70&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tolkien_1964_p25-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tolkien_1964_p25_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1964). <i><a href="/wiki/Tree_and_Leaf" title="Tree and Leaf">Tree and Leaf</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 25, "Origins".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+and+Leaf&rft.place=London&rft.pages=25%2C+%22Origins%22&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuusela2014" class="citation journal cs1">Kuusela, Tommy (May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.fi/ar/article/view/67534">"In Search of a National Epic: The use of Old Norse myths in Tolkien's vision of Middle-earth"</a>. <i>Approaching Religion</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 25–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.30664%2Far.67534">10.30664/ar.67534</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Approaching+Religion&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+a+National+Epic%3A+The+use+of+Old+Norse+myths+in+Tolkien%27s+vision+of+Middle-earth&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=25-36&rft.date=2014-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.30664%2Far.67534&rft.aulast=Kuusela&rft.aufirst=Tommy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.fi%2Far%2Farticle%2Fview%2F67534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoutras2016" class="citation book cs1">Coutras, Lisa (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zrLIDAAAQBAJ&q=tolkien%20logos&pg=PA92"><i>Tolkien's Theology of Beauty: Majesty, Splendor, and Transcendence in Middle-earth</i></a>. Springer. pp. 92–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137553454" title="Special:BookSources/978-1137553454"><bdi>978-1137553454</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien%27s+Theology+of+Beauty%3A+Majesty%2C+Splendor%2C+and+Transcendence+in+Middle-earth&rft.pages=92-94&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1137553454&rft.aulast=Coutras&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzrLIDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtolkien%2520logos%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlieger2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Flieger, Verlyn</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L6Byko7dGpgC&q=tolkien%20logos&pg=PP1"><i>Splintered Light: Logos and Language in Tolkien's World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent State University Press">Kent State University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8733-8744-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8733-8744-6"><bdi>978-0-8733-8744-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Splintered+Light%3A+Logos+and+Language+in+Tolkien%27s+World&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8733-8744-6&rft.aulast=Flieger&rft.aufirst=Verlyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL6Byko7dGpgC%26q%3Dtolkien%2520logos%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flieger_2004-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flieger_2004_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flieger_2004_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flieger_2004_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChance2004">Chance 2004</a>, "A Mythology for Finland: Tolkien and Lönnrot as Mythmakers", pp. 277–283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis194666–67-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis194666–67_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1946">Lewis 1946</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-menion-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-menion_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Menion, 2003/2004 citing essays by Tolkien using the words "fundamental things".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091026222931/http://www.geocities.com/athens/forum/3505/LewisJoy.html">"Real Joy and True Myth"</a>. <i>Geocities.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/athens/forum/3505/LewisJoy.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geocities.com&rft.atitle=Real+Joy+and+True+Myth&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fathens%2Fforum%2F3505%2FLewisJoy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien2014" class="citation book cs1">Tolkien, J. R. R. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wi8dBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA145"><i>The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0544363793" title="Special:BookSources/978-0544363793"><bdi>978-0544363793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.R.R.+Tolkien&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0544363793&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWi8dBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2001" class="citation conference cs1">Roberts, Thomas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mc32-members.htm"><i>The Mythos of the Superheroes and the Mythos of the Saints</i></a>. Mythcon 32, 3–6 August 2001, Berkeley, California. <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Mythos+of+the+Superheroes+and+the+Mythos+of+the+Saints&rft.pub=Mythopoeic+Society&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythsoc.org%2Fmythcon%2Fmc32-members.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Knowles_(comics)" title="Christopher Knowles (comics)">Knowles, Christopher</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Gods_Wear_Spandex" title="Our Gods Wear Spandex">Our Gods Wear Spandex</a></i>, Weiser, pp. 120–122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>International Journal of Comic Art</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, pp. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19796-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19796_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell1979">McConnell 1979</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19795,_99:_"film_is_a_perfect_model_of_the_epic_paradigm:_the_founder_of_the_land,_the_man_who_walls_in_and_defines_the_human_space_of_a_given_culture..."-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell19795,_99:_"film_is_a_perfect_model_of_the_epic_paradigm:_the_founder_of_the_land,_the_man_who_walls_in_and_defines_the_human_space_of_a_given_culture..."_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell1979">McConnell 1979</a>, pp. 5, 99: "film is a perfect model of the epic paradigm: the founder of the land, the man who walls in and defines the human space of a given culture...".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197915-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197915_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell1979">McConnell 1979</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197921-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197921_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell1979">McConnell 1979</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197913,_83–93-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197913,_83–93_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell1979">McConnell 1979</a>, pp. 13, 83–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, 2002. Evidently quoting Moyers quoting Lucas in <i>Time</i>, 26 April 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197918-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcConnell197918_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcConnell1979">McConnell 1979</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyden, John. 2000. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070721074055/http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/LydenStWars.htm">The Apocalyptic Cosmology of Star Wars</a> (Abstract)." <i>The Journal of Religion & Film</i> 4(1).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greydanus-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greydanus_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greydanus_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreydanus2000–2006" class="citation web cs1">Greydanus, Steven D. (2000–2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://decentfilms.com/articles/starwars">"An American mythology: Why <i>Star Wars</i> still matters"</a>. <i>Decent Films</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206024753/https://decentfilms.com/articles/starwars">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Decent+Films&rft.atitle=An+American+mythology%3A+Why+Star+Wars+still+matters&rft.date=2000%2F2006&rft.aulast=Greydanus&rft.aufirst=Steven+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdecentfilms.com%2Farticles%2Fstarwars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, 2002. Quoting Ebert on <i>Star Wars</i> in his series <i>The Great Movies</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hart, Steven. 2002 April. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217031351/http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/movies/feature/2002/04/10/lucas/">Galactic gasbag</a>." <i>Salon.com</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Puterbaugh, Parke. Phish: The Biography. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press, 65–67. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phish.net/song/the-lizards/lyrics">"Phish.Net: The Lizards Lyrics"</a>. <i>phish.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phish.net&rft.atitle=Phish.Net%3A+The+Lizards+Lyrics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphish.net%2Fsong%2Fthe-lizards%2Flyrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles.aspx?id=1-223">"CoC: Immortal: Interview : 5/19/1999"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CoC%3A+Immortal%3A+Interview+%3A+5%2F19%2F1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesofchaos.com%2Farticles.aspx%3Fid%3D1-223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mythsoc.org/about.htm">"About the Society"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Society" title="Mythopoeic Society">Mythopoeic Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Society&rft.pub=Mythopoeic+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mythsoc.org%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mythopoeia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Inklings</dt></dl> <p>Tolkien: </p> <ul><li>Adcox, John. 2003. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mythicjourneys.org/passages/septoct2003/newsletterp8.html">Can Fantasy be Myth? Mythopoeia and The Lord of the Rings</a>." <i>The Newsletter of the <a href="/wiki/Mythic_Imagination_Institute" title="Mythic Imagination Institute">Mythic Imagination Institute</a></i>, September/October 2003.</li> <li>Menion, Michael. 2003/2004. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070621043345/http://www.firstworld.ca/tolkien/elvesandart.html">Tolkien Elves and Art, in J. R. R. Tolkien's Aesthetics</a>." <i>Firstworld.ca</i>. (commentary on the poem "<a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia_(poem)" title="Mythopoeia (poem)">Mythopoeia</a>").</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChance2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Chance" title="Jane Chance">Chance, Jane</a> (April 2004). <i>Tolkien and the Invention of Myth: A Reader</i>. University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2301-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-2301-1"><bdi>0-8131-2301-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tolkien+and+the+Invention+of+Myth%3A+A+Reader&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2004-04&rft.isbn=0-8131-2301-1&rft.aulast=Chance&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>C. S. Lewis, George MacDonald: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLobdell2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Lobdell" title="Jared Lobdell">Lobdell, Jared</a> (1 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cCZKg37FDEoC&pg=PA162"><i>The Scientifiction Novels of C.S. Lewis: Space and Time in the Ransom Stories</i></a>. McFarland. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-8386-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-8386-5"><bdi>0-7864-8386-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scientifiction+Novels+of+C.S.+Lewis%3A+Space+and+Time+in+the+Ransom+Stories&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.isbn=0-7864-8386-5&rft.aulast=Lobdell&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcCZKg37FDEoC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1946" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, C. S. (1946). <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Divorce" title="The Great Divorce"><i>The Great Divorce</i></a>. Collins. 0-00-628056-0.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Divorce&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Film-making as myth-making</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcConnell1979" class="citation book cs1">McConnell, Frank D. (1979). <i>Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature</i>. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503210-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-503210-9"><bdi>978-0-19-503210-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storytelling+and+Mythmaking%3A+Images+from+Film+and+Literature&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-19-503210-9&rft.aulast=McConnell&rft.aufirst=Frank+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMythopoeia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>Lucas: </p> <ul><li>Hart, Steven. 2002 April. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217031351/http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/movies/feature/2002/04/10/lucas/">Galactic gasbag</a>." <i>Salon.com</i>.</li> <li>Greydanus, Steven D. 2006. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.decentfilms.com/sections/articles/starwars.html">An American Mythology: Why Star Wars Still Matters</a>." <i>Decent Film Guide</i>.</li> <li>Lyden, John. 2000. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070721074055/http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/LydenStWars.htm">The Apocalyptic Cosmology of Star Wars</a> (Abstract)." <i>The Journal of Religion & Film</i> 4(1).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama" title="Melodrama">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economics_film" title="Economics film">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental 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title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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Wade Center</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeic_Awards" title="Mythopoeic Awards">Mythopoeic Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3331891#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4377826-4">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&oldid=1258332633">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mythopoeia&oldid=1258332633</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythopoeia" title="Category:Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_genres" title="Category:Film genres">Film genres</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tolkien_studies" title="Category:Tolkien studies">Tolkien studies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Inklings" title="Category:Inklings">Inklings</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2020">Use dmy dates from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2021">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 03:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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