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class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nose</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 178 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-178" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">178 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neus" title="Neus – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nase" title="Nase – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Nase" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%AB" title="አፍንጫ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አፍንጫ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasu" title="Nasu – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nasu" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%81" title="أنف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أنف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naso" title="Naso – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Naso" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%9A%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܢܚܝܪܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܚܝܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nari" title="Nari – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Nari" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="নাক – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nariz" title="Nariz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nariz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okot" title="Okot – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Okot" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%A9" title="Tĩ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tĩ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasa" title="Nasa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Nasa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burun" title="Burun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Burun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="নাক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidung" title="Hidung – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hidung" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Phīⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phīⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Танау – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Танау" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Нос – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Нос – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нос" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungo" title="Dungo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dungo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Нос – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нос" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="སྣ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྣ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri" title="Fri – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fri" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хамар – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хамар" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cichov%C3%BD_org%C3%A1n" title="Čichový orgán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čichový orgán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhuno" title="Mhuno – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhuno" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasu" title="Nasu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nasu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trwyn" title="Trwyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyee" title="Nyee – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nyee" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A6se" title="Næse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Næse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nase" title="Nase – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nase" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%AD%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ނޭފަތް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނޭފަތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina" title="Nina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Μύτη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μύτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nariz" title="Nariz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nariz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazo" title="Nazo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nazo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudur" title="Sudur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sudur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="بینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naak" title="Naak – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Naak" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez" title="Nez – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nez" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noas" title="Noas – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noas" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C3%B3n" title="Srón – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Srón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroin" title="Stroin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Stroin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C3%B2n" title="Sròn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sròn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nariz" title="Nariz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nariz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%85%AC" title="鼻公 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鼻公" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi" title="Phi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94" title="코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Քիթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="नाक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नाक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulingo" title="Wulingo – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Wulingo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazo" title="Nazo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nazo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imi" title="Imi – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Imi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agong" title="Agong – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Agong" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidung" title="Hidung – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hidung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naso" title="Naso – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Naso" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%96%93%E1%96%85" title="ᕿᖓᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᖓᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nef" title="Nef – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nef" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naso" title="Naso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Naso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A3" title="אף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irung" title="Irung – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Irung" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94%C9%94%CA%8A" title="Mɔɔʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mɔɔʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81" title="ಮೂಗು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೂಗು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arung" title="Arung – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Arung" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცხვირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცხვირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%B3" title="نَس – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نَس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Мұрын – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұрын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron" title="Tron – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tron" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pua" title="Pua – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nen" title="Nen – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Мурун – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мурун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Май – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Май" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ດັງ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ດັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasus" title="Nasus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nasus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deguns" title="Deguns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deguns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nues" title="Nues – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nues" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosis" title="Nosis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nosis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhu" title="Ikhu – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Ikhu" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naas" title="Naas – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Naas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B3lo" title="Zólo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zólo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nazbi" title="nazbi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nazbi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orr" title="Orr – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Orr" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88long" title="Èlong – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Èlong" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Нос – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нос" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orona" title="Orona – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Orona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മൂക്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൂക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu" title="Ihu – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ihu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="नाक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नाक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჩხვინდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩხვინდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="مناخير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مناخير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فنی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فنی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidung" title="Hidung – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hidung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9" title="Pé – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pé" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%81%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="နှာခေါင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နှာခေါင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neus" title="Neus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuze" title="Neuze – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Neuze" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="नाक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नाक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="न्हाय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्हाय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%BB" title="鼻 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鼻" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мара – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мара" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6s" title="Nöös – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Nöös" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nese" title="Nese – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nese" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nase" title="Nase – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nase" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funyaan" title="Funyaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Funyaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burun" title="Burun – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Burun" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95" title="ਨੱਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੱਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleng" title="Eleng – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Eleng" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9" title="نک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%B0" title="နေ့ဖူ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နေ့ဖူ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87" title="پوزه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوزه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4%C3%A4s" title="Nääs – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nääs" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%85%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Μυτίν – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Μυτίν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nariz" title="Nariz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nariz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naah%C3%9F" title="Naahß – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Naahß" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas" title="Nas – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Nas" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinqa" title="Sinqa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sinqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Нос – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нос" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Мурун – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мурун" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/cihek" title="cihek – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="cihek" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="नासिका – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नासिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B8" title="ᱢᱩᱸ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱩᱸ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neb" title="Neb – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Neb" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nko" title="Nko – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Nko" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunda" title="Hunda – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hunda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasu_(anatum%C3%ACa)" title="Nasu (anatumìa) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nasu (anatumìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nose" title="Nose – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nose" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%AA" title="نڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sznupa" title="Sznupa – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Sznupa" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/San" title="San – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="San" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA_(%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="لووت (ئەندام) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لووت (ئەندام)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Нос – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нос" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irung" title="Irung – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Irung" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nen%C3%A4" title="Nenä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nenä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nos" title="Nos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilong" title="Ilong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="மூக்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூக்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inzer" title="Inzer – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Inzer" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Борын – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Борын" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="จมูก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จมูก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Бинӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81" title="ಮೂಂಕು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಮೂಂಕು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burun" title="Burun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Burun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwua%CC%B1i" title="Zwua̱i – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Zwua̱i" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%81" title="Ніс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ناک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ناک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D8%B1%DB%87%D9%86" title="بۇرۇن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بۇرۇن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndaeng" title="Ndaeng – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndaeng" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%A9i" title="Mũi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mũi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nud" title="Nud – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nud" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B5na" title="Nõna – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Nõna" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez" title="Nez – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Nez" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irong" title="Irong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Irong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E5%A4%B4" title="鼻头 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鼻头" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%96" title="נאז – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נאז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C3%BA" title="Imú – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Imú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%BB" title="鼻 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鼻" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%B1rn%C4%B1ke" title="Pırnıke – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pırnıke" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuos%C4%97s" title="Nuosės – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nuosės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BC%BB" title="鼻 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鼻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inw%E1%BB%8Dm" title="Inwọm – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Inwọm" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idung" title="Idung – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Idung" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idung" title="Idung – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Idung" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irung" title="Irung – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" 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For the article about noses in humans, see <a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Human nose</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Nose</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Canine_Nose_Macro_Photo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canine_Nose_Macro_Photo.png/250px-Canine_Nose_Macro_Photo.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Canine_Nose_Macro_Photo.png/500px-Canine_Nose_Macro_Photo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nose of a <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dog</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nasus</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009666">D009666</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/06.1.01.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A06.1.01.001</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.009%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.009</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=117">117</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363" class="extiw" title="d:Q7363">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>nose</b> is a sensory organ and respiratory structure in <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a>. It consists of a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">nasal cavity</a> inside the head, and an external nose on the face. The external nose houses the <a href="/wiki/Nostril" title="Nostril">nostrils</a>, or nares, a pair of tubes providing airflow through the nose for <a href="/wiki/Respiration_(physiology)" title="Respiration (physiology)">respiration</a>. Where the nostrils pass through the nasal cavity they widen, are known as nasal fossae, and contain <a href="/wiki/Nasal_concha" title="Nasal concha">turbinates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_mucosa" title="Olfactory mucosa">olfactory mucosa</a>. The nasal cavity also connects to the <a href="/wiki/Paranasal_sinuses" title="Paranasal sinuses">paranasal sinuses</a> (dead-end air cavities for pressure buffering and humidification). From the nasal cavity, the nostrils continue into the <a href="/wiki/Pharynx" title="Pharynx">pharynx</a>, a switch track valve connecting the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digestive_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive system">digestive systems</a>. </p><p>In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face and serves as an alternative respiratory passage especially during suckling for <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protruding nose that is completely separate from the mouth part is a characteristic found only in <a href="/wiki/Theria" title="Theria">therian mammals</a>. It has been theorized that this unique mammalian nose evolved from the anterior part of the upper jaw of the reptilian-like ancestors (<a href="/wiki/Synapsids" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsids">synapsids</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air_treatment">Air treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Air treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="3D medical animation still shot depicting a human nose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg/235px-3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg/353px-3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg/470px-3D_Medical_Animation_Nose_Top_section.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>3D medical animation still shot depicting a human nose</figcaption></figure> <p>Acting as the first interface between the external environment and an animal's delicate internal lungs, a nose conditions incoming air, both as a function of thermal regulation and filtration during respiration, as well as enabling the sensory perception of smell.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hair inside nostrils filter incoming air, as a first line of defense against dust particles, smoke, and other potential obstructions that would otherwise inhibit respiration, and as a kind of filter against airborne illness. In addition to acting as a filter, mucus produced within the nose supplements the body's effort to maintain temperature, as well as contributes moisture to integral components of the respiratory system. Capillary structures of the nose warm and humidify air entering the body; later, this role in retaining moisture enables conditions for alveoli to properly exchange O<sub>2</sub> for CO<sub>2</sub> (i.e., respiration) within the lungs. During exhalation, the capillaries then aid recovery of some moisture, mostly as a function of thermal regulation, again.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sense_of_direction">Sense of direction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sense of direction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Rhinarium" title="Rhinarium">wet nose</a> of dogs is useful for the perception of direction. The sensitive cold receptors in the skin detect the place where the nose is cooled the most and this is the direction a particular smell that the animal just picked up comes from.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_in_air-breathing_forms">Structure in air-breathing forms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure in air-breathing forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg/250px-Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg/330px-Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg/500px-Malayan_Tapir_Profile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>The nose of a tapir</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lungfish" title="Lungfish">lungfish</a>, the nostrils open into small sacs that, in turn, open into the forward roof of the mouth through the <a href="/wiki/Choana" title="Choana">choanae</a>. These sacs contain a small amount of olfactory epithelium, which, in the case of <a href="/wiki/Caecilian" title="Caecilian">caecilians</a>, also lines a number of neighbouring tentacles. Despite the general similarity in structure to those of amphibians, the nostrils of lungfish are not used in respiration, since these animals breathe through their mouths. Amphibians also have a <a href="/wiki/Vomeronasal_organ" title="Vomeronasal organ">vomeronasal organ</a>, lined by olfactory epithelium, but, unlike those of <a href="/wiki/Amniote" title="Amniote">amniotes</a>, this is generally a simple sac that, except in <a href="/wiki/Salamander" title="Salamander">salamanders</a>, has little connection with the rest of the nasal system.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, the nasal chamber is generally larger, with the choanae located much further back in the roof of the mouth. In <a href="/wiki/Crocodilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodilian">crocodilians</a>, the chamber is exceptionally long, helping the animal to breathe while partially submerged. The reptilian nasal chamber is divided into three parts: an anterior <i>vestibule</i>, the main olfactory chamber, and a posterior <a href="/wiki/Nasopharynx" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasopharynx">nasopharynx</a>. The olfactory chamber is lined by olfactory epithelium on its upper surface and possesses a number of <a href="/wiki/Turbinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbinate">turbinates</a> to increase the sensory area. The vomeronasal organ is well-developed in lizards and snakes, in which it no longer connects with the nasal cavity, opening directly into the roof of the mouth. It is smaller in turtles, in which it retains its original nasal connection, and is absent in adult crocodilians.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a> have a similar nose to reptiles, with the nostrils located at the upper rear part of the <a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">beak</a>. Since they generally have a poor sense of smell, the olfactory chamber is small, although it does contain three turbinates, which sometimes have a complex structure similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>. In many birds, including <a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">doves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fowl" title="Fowl">fowls</a>, the nostrils are covered by a horny protective shield. The vomeronasal organ of birds is either under-developed or altogether absent, depending on the species.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg/250px-Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg/330px-Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg/500px-Lightmatter_elephanttrunk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">Elephants</a> have <a href="/wiki/Prehensile" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehensile">prehensile</a> noses.</figcaption></figure> <p>The nasal cavities in mammals are both fused into one. Among most species, they are exceptionally large, typically occupying up to half the length of the skull. In some groups, however, including <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cetaceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetaceans">cetaceans</a>, the nose has been secondarily reduced, and these animals consequently have a relatively poor sense of smell. The nasal cavity of mammals has been enlarged, in part, by the development of a <a href="/wiki/Palate" title="Palate">palate</a> cutting off the entire upper surface of the original <a href="/wiki/Oral_cavity" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral cavity">oral cavity</a>, which consequently becomes part of the nose, leaving the palate as the new roof of the mouth. The enlarged nasal cavity contains complex turbinates forming coiled scroll-like shapes that help to warm the air before it reaches the lungs. The cavity also extends into neighbouring skull bones, forming additional air cavities known as <a href="/wiki/Paranasal_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paranasal sinus">paranasal sinuses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Cetacean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean">cetaceans</a>, the nose has been reduced to one or two <a href="/wiki/Blowhole_(anatomy)" title="Blowhole (anatomy)">blowholes</a>, which are the nostrils that have migrated to the top of the head. This adaptation gave cetaceans a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. Conversely, the <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephant</a>'s nose has elaborated into a long, muscular, manipulative organ called the <a href="/wiki/Elephant#Trunk" title="Elephant">trunk</a>. </p><p>The vomeronasal organ of mammals is generally similar to that of reptiles. In most species, it is located in the floor of the nasal cavity, and opens into the mouth via two <i>nasopalatine ducts</i> running through the palate, but it opens directly into the nose in many <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a>. It is, however, lost in bats, and in many primates, including humans.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fish">In fish</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In fish"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fish have a relatively good sense of smell.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike that of <a href="/wiki/Tetrapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapods">tetrapods</a>, the nose has no connection with the mouth, nor any role in respiration. Instead, it generally consists of a pair of small pouches located behind the nostrils at the front or sides of the head. In many cases, each of the nostrils is divided into two by a fold of skin, allowing water to flow into the nose through one side and out through the other.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pouches are lined by olfactory epithelium, and commonly include a series of internal folds to increase the surface area, often forming an elaborate "olfactory rosette". In some <a href="/wiki/Teleost" title="Teleost">teleosts</a>, the pouches branch off into additional sinus-like cavities, while in <a href="/wiki/Coelacanth" title="Coelacanth">coelacanths</a>, they form a series of tubes.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the earliest vertebrates, there was only one nostril and olfactory pouch, and the nasal passage was connected to the <a href="/wiki/Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">hypophysis</a>. The same anatomy is observed in the most primitive living vertebrates, the <a href="/wiki/Lamprey" title="Lamprey">lampreys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hagfish" title="Hagfish">hagfish</a>. In gnathostome ancestors, the olfactory apparatus gradually became paired (presumably to allow sense of direction of smells), and freeing the midline from the nasal passage allowed evolution of jaws.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_bridge" title="Nasal bridge">Nasal bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obligate_nasal_breathing" title="Obligate nasal breathing">Obligate nasal breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinarium" title="Rhinarium">Rhinarium</a>, the wet, naked surface around the nostrils in most mammals, absent in <a href="/wiki/Haplorrhini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplorrhini">haplorrhine</a> primates such as humans</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/7-1-the-skull/">"7.2 the Skull"</a>. <i>Anatomy and Physiology - The Skull</i>. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.2+the+Skull&rft.btitle=Anatomy+and+Physiology+-+The+Skull&rft.pub=OpenStax&rft.date=2020-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopentextbc.ca%2Fanatomyandphysiology%2Fchapter%2F7-1-the-skull%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system/">"22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System"</a>. <i>Anatomy and Physiology - Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System</i>. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=22.1+Organs+and+Structures+of+the+Respiratory+System&rft.btitle=Anatomy+and+Physiology+-+Organs+and+Structures+of+the+Respiratory+System&rft.pub=OpenStax&rft.date=2020-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopentextbc.ca%2Fanatomyandphysiology%2Fchapter%2F22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBahr2010" class="citation book cs1">Bahr, Diane (2010-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jEIj1Zs7z3EC&pg=PA10"><i>Nobody Ever Told Me (Or My Mother) That!</i></a>. Sensory World. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781935567202" title="Special:BookSources/9781935567202"><bdi>9781935567202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nobody+Ever+Told+Me+%28Or+My+Mother%29+That%21&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Sensory+World&rft.date=2010-05-15&rft.isbn=9781935567202&rft.aulast=Bahr&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjEIj1Zs7z3EC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHigashiyamaKoyabuHirasawaWerneburg2021" class="citation journal cs1">Higashiyama, Hiroki; Koyabu, Daisuke; Hirasawa, Tatsuya; Werneburg, Ingmar; Kuratani, Shigeru; Kurihara, Hiroki (November 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8673075">"Mammalian face as an evolutionary novelty"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>118</b> (44): e2111876118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PNAS..11811876H">2021PNAS..11811876H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.2111876118">10.1073/pnas.2111876118</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8673075">8673075</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34716275">34716275</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240228857">240228857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Mammalian+face+as+an+evolutionary+novelty&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=e2111876118&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8673075%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240228857%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PNAS..11811876H&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34716275&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.2111876118&rft.aulast=Higashiyama&rft.aufirst=Hiroki&rft.au=Koyabu%2C+Daisuke&rft.au=Hirasawa%2C+Tatsuya&rft.au=Werneburg%2C+Ingmar&rft.au=Kuratani%2C+Shigeru&rft.au=Kurihara%2C+Hiroki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8673075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2021-11-mammals-noses-reptiles-jaws-evolutionary.html">"Mammals' noses come from reptiles' jaws: Evolutionary development of facial bones"</a>. <i>Phys.org</i>. November 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Phys.org&rft.atitle=Mammals%27+noses+come+from+reptiles%27+jaws%3A+Evolutionary+development+of+facial+bones&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2021-11-mammals-noses-reptiles-jaws-evolutionary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmc.org/otolaryngology-head-neck-surgery/resources/your-nose-guardian-your-lungs">"Your Nose, the Guardian of Your Lungs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Medical_Center" title="Boston Medical Center">Boston Medical Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Your+Nose%2C+the+Guardian+of+Your+Lungs&rft.pub=Boston+Medical+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmc.org%2Fotolaryngology-head-neck-surgery%2Fresources%2Fyour-nose-guardian-your-lungs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system/">"22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System"</a>. <i>Anatomy and Physiology - Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System</i>. OpenStax. 2020-04-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=22.1+Organs+and+Structures+of+the+Respiratory+System&rft.btitle=Anatomy+and+Physiology+-+Organs+and+Structures+of+the+Respiratory+System&rft.pub=OpenStax&rft.date=2020-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopentextbc.ca%2Fanatomyandphysiology%2Fchapter%2F22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the-respiratory-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dijkgraaf, S. (1978). <i>Vergelijkende dierfysiologie</i>; Bohn: Scheltema en Holkema, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-313-0322-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-313-0322-4">90-313-0322-4</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VB-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRomer,_Alfred_SherwoodParsons,_Thomas_S.1977" class="citation book cs1">Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). <i>The Vertebrate Body</i>. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. <span class="nowrap">453–</span>458. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-910284-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-910284-X"><bdi>0-03-910284-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vertebrate+Body&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E453-%3C%2Fspan%3E458&rft.pub=Holt-Saunders+International&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-03-910284-X&rft.au=Romer%2C+Alfred+Sherwood&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.jstor.org/will-fish-lose-their-sense-of-smell-in-acidic-oceans/">"Will Fish Lose Their Sense of Smell in Acidic Oceans?"</a>. 2018-08-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Fish+Lose+Their+Sense+of+Smell+in+Acidic+Oceans%3F&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.jstor.org%2Fwill-fish-lose-their-sense-of-smell-in-acidic-oceans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJanvier2013" class="citation journal cs1">Janvier, Philippe (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature11766/">"Led by the nose"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>493</b> (7431): <span class="nowrap">169–</span>170. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature11766">10.1038/nature11766</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23254939">23254939</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205232053">205232053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Led+by+the+nose&rft.volume=493&rft.issue=7431&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E170&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205232053%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23254939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature11766&rft.aulast=Janvier&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature11766%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANose" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nose&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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