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id="toc-Acquisitions,_growth_and_First_Boston" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions,_growth_and_First_Boston"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Acquisitions, growth and First Boston </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions,_growth_and_First_Boston-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-financial_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-financial_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Post-financial crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-financial_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collapse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collapse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Collapse </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collapse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-acquisition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-acquisition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Post-acquisition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-acquisition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Leadership history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chairpeople" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairpeople"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Chairpeople </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairpeople-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 Chief executives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Corporate structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Financial products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation_and_rankings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reputation and rankings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reputation_and_rankings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mismarking,_2007" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mismarking,_2007"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Mismarking, 2007 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mismarking,_2007-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_limited_income_tax_case,_2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_limited_income_tax_case,_2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Japan limited income tax case, 2008 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_limited_income_tax_case,_2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act_and_New_York_State_Law_violations,_2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act_and_New_York_State_Law_violations,_2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 International Emergency Economic Powers Act and New York State Law violations, 2009 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act_and_New_York_State_Law_violations,_2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_tax_fraud_conspiracy,_2014,_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_tax_fraud_conspiracy,_2014,_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 US tax fraud conspiracy, 2014, 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_tax_fraud_conspiracy,_2014,_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal,_2015" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal,_2015"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, 2015 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal,_2015-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mozambique_secret_loans_scandal,_2017" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mozambique_secret_loans_scandal,_2017"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Mozambique secret loans scandal, 2017 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mozambique_secret_loans_scandal,_2017-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act_violation,_2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act_violation,_2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violation, 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act_violation,_2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_controversy,_2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_controversy,_2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 Climate controversy, 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_controversy,_2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_spying_scandal,_2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_spying_scandal,_2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 Private spying scandal, 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_spying_scandal,_2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greensill_Capital,_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greensill_Capital,_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.10 Greensill Capital, 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greensill_Capital,_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archegos_Capital,_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archegos_Capital,_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.11 Archegos Capital, 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archegos_Capital,_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forex_manipulations_conviction,_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forex_manipulations_conviction,_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.12 Forex manipulations conviction, 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forex_manipulations_conviction,_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug_money_laundering_scandal,_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug_money_laundering_scandal,_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.13 Drug money laundering scandal, 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug_money_laundering_scandal,_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suisse_secrets_leak,_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suisse_secrets_leak,_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.14 Suisse secrets leak, 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suisse_secrets_leak,_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_oligarch_loans_documents_destruction_after_invasion_of_Ukraine,_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_oligarch_loans_documents_destruction_after_invasion_of_Ukraine,_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.15 Russian oligarch loans documents destruction after invasion of Ukraine, 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_oligarch_loans_documents_destruction_after_invasion_of_Ukraine,_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_media_rumours,_2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_media_rumours,_2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.16 Social media rumours, 2022 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_media_rumours,_2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NSDAP_accounts,_2023" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NSDAP_accounts,_2023"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.17 NSDAP accounts, 2023 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NSDAP_accounts,_2023-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Work environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Credit Suisse</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" > 46 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse_Group" title="Credit Suisse Group – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Credit Suisse Group" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كريدي سويس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريدي سويس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse_Group" title="Credit Suisse Group – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Credit Suisse Group" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کردیت سوئیس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کردیت سوئیس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="كريدي سويس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كريدي سويس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse_Group" title="Credit Suisse Group – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Credit Suisse Group" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="کردیت سوئیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کردیت سوئیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_suisse" title="Crédit suisse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Crédit suisse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Suisse" title="Crédit Suisse – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Crédit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%B8" title="ક્રેડિટ સૂઈસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્રેડિટ સૂઈસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A0%88%EB%94%94%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8A%A4%EC%9C%84%EC%8A%A4" title="크레디트 스위스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크레디트 스위스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8" title="क्रेडिट सुइस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रेडिट सुइस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1" title="קרדיט סוויס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרדיט סוויס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9" title="クレディ・スイス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クレディ・スイス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8" title="ਕ੍ਰੈਡਿਟ ਸੂਇਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ੍ਰੈਡਿਟ ਸੂਇਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse_Group" title="Credit Suisse Group – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Credit Suisse Group" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="கிரெடிட் சூஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிரெடிட் சூஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="เครดิตสวิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เครดิตสวิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse" title="Credit Suisse – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Credit Suisse" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Credit Suisse</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg/250px-Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg/375px-Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg/500px-Credit_Suisse_Logo_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="83" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg/250px-Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg/375px-Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg/500px-Credit_Suisse_-_Paradeplatz_2011-08-01_16-35-48_ShiftN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters on <a href="/wiki/Paradeplatz" title="Paradeplatz">Paradeplatz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Friedrich_Wanner" title="Jakob Friedrich Wanner">Jakob Friedrich Wanner</a> and inaugurated in 1876<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Schweizerische Kreditanstalt</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=CH0012138530">CH0012138530</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">5 July 1856; 168 years ago (1856-07-05)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Dufour-F%C3%A9ronce">Albert Dufour-Féronce</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Escher" title="Alfred Escher">Alfred Escher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Harkort" title="Gustav Harkort">Gustaf Harkort</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Switzerland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Lehmann" title="Axel Lehmann">Axel Lehmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_K%C3%B6rner" title="Ulrich Körner">Ulrich Körner</a> (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">Investment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Investment_management" title="Investment management">asset management</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 14.92 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> CHF −3.2 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> CHF −7.3 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">AUM</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> CHF 1.29 trillion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> CHF 531.4 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> CHF 45.13 billion (2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 50,480 (end 2022)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS Group AG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Basel_III" title="Basel III">Capital ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 14.1% (end 2022, CET1)<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rating</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S%26P_Global" title="S&P Global">S&P</a>: BBB− <a href="/wiki/Fitch_Ratings" title="Fitch Ratings">Fitch</a>: BBB<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moody%27s_Investors_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Moody's Investors Service">Moody's</a>: Baa2<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en.html">credit-suisse.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Credit Suisse (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kʁe.di sɥis]</a>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Swiss Credit') is a global <a href="/wiki/Investment_banking" title="Investment banking">investment bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">financial services</a> firm founded and based in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> as a standalone firm but now a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>. According to UBS, eventually Credit Suisse will be fully integrated into UBS<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> but until the integration is closed both banks are operating separately. Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, as a standalone firm it maintained offices in all <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">major financial centers</a> around the world and provided services in <a href="/wiki/Investment_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment bank">investment banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">asset management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shared_services" title="Shared services">shared services</a>. It was known for strict <a href="/wiki/Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">bank–client confidentiality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">banking secrecy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Financial_Stability_Board" title="Financial Stability Board">Financial Stability Board</a> considered it to be a <a href="/wiki/Systemically_important_financial_institution" title="Systemically important financial institution">global systemically important bank</a>. Credit Suisse was also a <a href="/wiki/Primary_dealer" title="Primary dealer">primary dealer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forex" class="mw-redirect" title="Forex">Forex</a> counterparty of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> in the United States. Credit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Switzerland" title="Rail transport in Switzerland">Switzerland's rail system</a>. It issued loans that helped create Switzerland's <a href="/wiki/Electrical_grid" title="Electrical grid">electrical grid</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Europe" title="Rail transport in Europe">European rail system</a>. In the 1900s, it began shifting to <a href="/wiki/Retail_banking" title="Retail banking">retail banking</a> in response to the elevation of the middle class and competition from fellow Swiss banks <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group" title="Julius Baer Group">Julius Bär</a>. Credit Suisse partnered with <a href="/wiki/First_Boston" title="First Boston">First Boston</a> in 1978 before buying a controlling share of the bank in 1988. From 1990 to 2000, the company purchased institutions such as <a href="/wiki/Winterthur_Group" title="Winterthur Group">Winterthur Group</a>, Swiss Volksbank, Swiss American Securities Inc. (SASI), and <a href="/wiki/Bank_Leu" title="Bank Leu">Bank Leu</a>. The company was one of the least affected banks during <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">the global financial crisis</a>, but afterwards began shrinking its investment business, executing layoffs and cutting costs. The bank was at the center of multiple international investigations for tax avoidance (such as the famous "Suisse Secrets" scandal) which culminated in a guilty plea and the forfeiture of <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>2.6 billion in fines from 2008 to 2012.<a href="#cite_note-felony-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-GuiltyPlea-11">[11]</a> By the end of 2022, Credit Suisse had approximately <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a> 1.3 trillion in <a href="/wiki/Assets_under_management" title="Assets under management">assets under management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AR-6">[6]</a> On 19 March 2023, following negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss government">Swiss government</a>, <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> announced its intent to <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Credit_Suisse_by_UBS" title="Acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS">acquire Credit Suisse</a> for $3.25 billion (CHF 3 billion) in order to prevent the bank's collapse.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> UBS completed the acquisition in June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SKA_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/SKA_1895.jpg/220px-SKA_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/SKA_1895.jpg/330px-SKA_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/SKA_1895.jpg/440px-SKA_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2463" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Schweizerische Kreditanstalt headquarters in 1895</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg/220px-Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg/330px-Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg/440px-Schweizerische_Kreditanstalt_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2338" /></a><figcaption>Share of the Schweizerische Kreditanstalt in Zurich, issued 31 May 1898</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png/220px-Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png/330px-Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png/440px-Schalterhalle_SKA_1856.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>The inside of a Credit Suisse building in the 1930s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png/220px-Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png/330px-Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png/440px-Credit_Suisse_logo_c1972.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="202" /></a><figcaption>Logo in 1972</figcaption></figure> Credit Suisse's founder, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Escher" title="Alfred Escher">Alfred Escher</a>, was called "the spiritual father of the railway law of 1852", for his work defeating the idea of a state-run railway system in Switzerland in favor of privatization.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> Escher founded Credit Suisse (originally called the Swiss Credit Institution, i.e., Schweizerische Kreditanstalt) jointly with <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Credit-Anstalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt">Allgemeine Deutsche Credit-Anstalt</a> on 5 July in 1856<a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a> primarily to provide domestic funding to railway projects, avoiding French banks that wanted to exert influence over the railway system.<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a> Escher aimed to start the company with three million shares and instead sold 218 million shares in three days.<a href="#cite_note-FranksNunnally2010-20">[20]</a> The bank opened on 16 July 1856 and was modeled after <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Mobilier" title="Crédit Mobilier">Crédit Mobilier</a>, a bank funding railway projects in France that was founded two years prior, except Credit Suisse had a more conservative lending policy focused on short-to-medium term loans.<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a> In its first year of operation, 25 percent of the bank's revenues was from the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Northeastern_Railway" title="Swiss Northeastern Railway">Swiss Northeastern Railway</a>, which was being built by <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Hildebrand" title="Bruno Hildebrand">Bruno Hildebrand</a> and Escher's company, Nordostbahn.<a href="#cite_note-swissbook-21">[21]</a> Credit Suisse played a substantial role in the economic development of Switzerland, helping the country develop its currency system,<a href="#cite_note-FranksNunnally2010-20">[20]</a> funding entrepreneurs<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> and investing in the <a href="/wiki/Gotthard_railway" title="Gotthard railway">Gotthard railway</a>, which connected Switzerland to the European rail system in 1882.<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a> Credit Suisse helped fund the creation of Switzerland's electrical grid through its participation with Elektrobank (now called Elektrowatt), a coalition of organizations that co-financed Switzerland's electrical grid.<a href="#cite_note-HausmanHertner2008-22">[22]</a> According to The Handbook on the History of European Banks, "Switzerland's young electricity industry came to assume the same importance as support for railway construction 40 years earlier."<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a> The bank also helped fund the effort to disarm and imprison French troops that crossed into Swiss borders in the 1870 <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-swissbook-21">[21]</a> By the end of the war, Credit Suisse had become the largest bank in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-FranksNunnally2010-20">[20]</a> Throughout the late 1800s, Credit Suisse set up banking and insurance companies in Germany, Brussels, Geneva and others (as SKA International) with the bank as a shareholder of each company. It created insurance companies like Swiss RE, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Life" title="Swiss Life">Swiss Life</a> (aka Rentenanstalt) and Schweiz. Credit Suisse had its first unprofitable year in 1886, due to losses in agriculture, venture investments, commodities, and international trade. The bank created its own sugar beet factory, bought 25,000 shares in animal breeding ventures and supported an export business, Schweizerische Exportgesellschaft, that experienced heavy losses for over-speculative investing.<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-swissbook-21">[21]</a> In the early 1900s Credit Suisse began catering to consumers and the middle-class with deposit counters, currency exchanges and savings accounts.<a href="#cite_note-swissbook-21">[21]</a> The first branch outside of Zürich was opened in 1905 in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> The bank helped companies affected by World War I restructuring, and extended loans for reconstruction efforts.<a href="#cite_note-nine-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hill1999-23">[23]</a> During the 1920s depression, net profits and dividends were halved and employees took salary cuts.<a href="#cite_note-name-24">[24]</a> After World War II, a substantial portion of Credit Suisse's business was in foreign reconstruction efforts.<a href="#cite_note-name-24">[24]</a> Banks subsequently acquired by Credit Suisse have been linked to bank accounts used by members of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">NSDAP</a> in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Holocaust survivors had problems trying to retrieve assets from relatives that died in concentration camps without death certificates.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> This led to a class action lawsuit in 1996<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> that settled in 2000 for $1.25 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Atkinson-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTIMES-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The Agreement on the Swiss Banks' Code of Conduct with Regard to the Exercise of Due Diligence was created in the 1970s,<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> after a Credit Suisse branch in <a href="/wiki/Chiasso" title="Chiasso">Chiasso</a> <a href="/wiki/Chiasso_scandal" title="Chiasso scandal">was exposed</a> for illegally funneling $900 million in Italian deposits to speculative investments.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquisitions,_growth_and_First_Boston">Acquisitions, growth and First Boston</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1CabotSquare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/1CabotSquare.jpg/220px-1CabotSquare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/1CabotSquare.jpg/330px-1CabotSquare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/1CabotSquare.jpg/440px-1CabotSquare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Building at <a href="/wiki/1_Cabot_Square" title="1 Cabot Square">1 Cabot Square</a> on <a href="/wiki/Canary_Wharf" title="Canary Wharf">Canary Wharf</a>, developed by Credit Suisse First Boston for its London head office in the 1980s and inaugurated in 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg/220px-Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg/330px-Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg/440px-Met_Life_North_Building_from_West_25th_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Life_North_Building" title="Metropolitan Life North Building">Metropolitan Life North Building</a> on <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Square">Madison Square</a>, Credit Suisse First Boston's New York head office from the late 1990s</figcaption></figure> In 1978, <a href="/wiki/White,_Weld_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="White, Weld & Company">White, Weld & Company</a> dropped its partnership with Credit Suisse after it was bought by <a href="/wiki/Merrill_Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Merrill Lynch">Merrill Lynch</a>. To replace the partnership with White, Credit Suisse partnered with <a href="/wiki/First_Boston" title="First Boston">First Boston</a> to create <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse_First_Boston" title="Credit Suisse First Boston">Credit Suisse First Boston</a> in Europe and bought a 44 percent stake in First Boston's US operations.<a href="#cite_note-Gambee1999-34">[34]</a> In 1987, the Group acquired the blue chip London stockbrokers <a href="/wiki/Buckmaster_%26_Moore" title="Buckmaster & Moore">Buckmaster & Moore</a>, originally established by aristocrat <a href="/wiki/Charles_Armytage-Moore" title="Charles Armytage-Moore">Charles Armytage-Moore</a> and sportsman <a href="/wiki/Walter_Buckmaster" title="Walter Buckmaster">Walter Buckmaster</a>, who had met at <a href="/wiki/Repton_School" title="Repton School">Repton School</a>. As stockbrokers they were very well connected, had developed a good private client business, which at one time included <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a>. Other Credit Suisse First Boston brands were later created in Switzerland, Asia, London, New York and Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-secret-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes2-36">[36]</a> According to an article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, First Boston became "the superstar of the Euromarkets" by buying stakes in American companies that wanted to issue bonds.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2-36">[36]</a> In 1988 First Boston loaned $487 million to Gibbons and Green for the purchase of the <a href="/wiki/Sealy_Corporation" title="Sealy Corporation">Ohio Mattress Company</a>, which was purchased at twenty times its annual revenue. Gibbons had also borrowed $475 million in <a href="/wiki/Junk_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk bonds">junk bonds</a>. When the junk bonds market crashed the following year, Gibbons couldn't repay First Boston.<a href="#cite_note-FranksNunnally2010-20">[20]</a> Credit Suisse injected $725 million to keep First Boston in business,<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> which ultimately led to the company being taken over by Credit Suisse.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> This became known as the "burning bed" deal, because the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a> overlooked the <a href="/wiki/Glass%E2%80%93Steagall_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass–Steagall Act">Glass–Steagall Act</a> that requires separation between commercial and investment banks in order to preserve the stability of the financial markets.<a href="#cite_note-FranksNunnally2010-20">[20]</a> In the late 1990s, Credit Suisse executed an aggressive acquisition strategy.<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> The bank acquired Bank Leu, known as Switzerland's oldest bank, in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 1993 Credit Suisse outbid UBS for a controlling stake in Switzerland's fifth largest bank, Swiss Volksbank in a $1.1 billion deal.<a href="#cite_note-volksbank-41">[41]</a> It also merged with <a href="/wiki/Winterthur_Group" title="Winterthur Group">Winterthur Group</a> in 1997 for about $9 billion<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> and acquired the asset management division of Warburg, Pincus & Co. in 1999 for $650 million.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Donaldson,_Lufkin_%26_Jenrette" title="Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette">Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette</a> was purchased for $11.5 billion in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 1996, Credit Suisse restructured as the Credit Suisse Group with four divisions: Credit Suisse Volksbank (later called Credit Suisse Bank) for domestic banking, Credit Suisse Private Banking, Credit Suisse Asset Management, and Credit Suisse First Boston for corporate and investment banking. The restructure was expected to cost the company $800 million and result in 7,000 lost jobs, but save $560 million a year.<a href="#cite_note-name2-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> While Credit Suisse First Boston had been struggling, Credit Suisse's overall profits had grown 20 percent over the prior year, reaching $664 million.<a href="#cite_note-name2-45">[45]</a> In 1999 Japan's Financial Supervisory Agency temporarily suspended the financial-products division's license to operate in Japan for "window dressing", the practice of selling derivatives that are often used by bank clients to hide losses.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> In the 2000s, Credit Suisse executed a series of restructures. In 2002 the bank was consolidated into two entities: Credit Suisse First Boston for investments and Credit Suisse Financial Services. A third unit was added in 2004 for insurance.<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> Credit Suisse restructured again in 2004 under what it calls the "one bank" model. Under the restructuring, every board had a mix of executives from all three divisions. It also changed the compensation and commission models to encourage cross-division referrals and created a "solution partners" group that functions between the investment and private banking divisions.<a href="#cite_note-coverstory-48">[48]</a> Following the restructure Credit Suisse's private banking division grew 19 percent per year despite the economic crisis. The firm bumped long-time rival UBS off the number one position in Euromoney's private banking poll.<a href="#cite_note-coverstory-48">[48]</a> In 2006, Credit Suisse acknowledged misconduct for helping Iran and other countries hide transactions from US authorities and paid a $536 million settlement.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj-50">[50]</a> The same year it merged Bank Leu AG, Clariden Holding AG, Bank Hofmann AG and BGP Banca di Gestione Patrimoniale into a new company called Clariden Leu.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The increasing importance of sustainability and the related commitments and liabilities of international standards such as the UNGC, of which the bank is a member, lead to increasingly sophisticated and ambitious risk management over the years. Credit Suisse operates a process which since 2007 uses RepRisk, a Swiss provider of ESG Risk analytics and metrics, to screen and evaluate environmental and social risks of risky transactions and due diligence.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_Club" title="Yellowstone Club">Yellowstone Club</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Tim_Blixseth" title="Tim Blixseth">Tim Blixseth</a> sued Credit Suisse when the bank attempted to collect on $286 million in loan debt during Yellowstone's bankruptcy proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The debtor had borrowed more than $300 million for the business, but used a large portion of it for personal use before eventually filing for bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Four lawsuits were filed from other resorts seeking $24 billion in damages alleging Credit Suisse created loans with the intention of taking over their properties upon default.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-financial_crisis">Post-financial crisis</h3></div> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> in 2008, "Credit Suisse survived the credit crisis better than many competitors."<a href="#cite_note-wsj-50">[50]</a> Credit Suisse had $902 million in writedowns for subprime holdings and the same amount for leveraged loans,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> but it did not have to borrow from the government.<a href="#cite_note-Simonian-57">[57]</a> Along with other banks, Credit Suisse was investigated and sued by US authorities in 2012 for bundling mortgage loans with securities, misrepresenting the risks of underlying mortgages during the housing boom.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Following the crisis, Credit Suisse cut more than one-trillion in assets and made plans to cut its investment banking arm 37 percent by 2014. It reduced emphasis on investment banking and focused on <a href="/wiki/Private_banking" title="Private banking">private banking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wealth_management" title="Wealth management">wealth management</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-name3-61">[61]</a> In July 2011, Credit Suisse cut 2,000 jobs in response to a weaker than expected economic recovery<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> and later merged its asset management with the private bank group to cut additional costs.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;">We sell [bank] safety not <a href="/wiki/Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">bank secrecy</a>. Being a safe haven in a world that is becoming increasingly dangerous and volatile is no bad place to be.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Tidjane_Thiam" title="Tidjane Thiam">Tidjane Thiam</a>, chief executive of Credit Suisse, in a 2018 interview with the <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Markets" title="Bloomberg Markets">Bloomberg Markets</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></cite></div></blockquote> A series of international investigations took place in the early 2000s regarding the use <a href="/wiki/Bank_secrecy" title="Bank secrecy">banking secrecy</a> in Credit Suisse accounts for tax evasion. In 2008, the Brazilian government investigated 13 former and current Credit Suisse employees.<a href="#cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">[17]</a> The investigation led to arrests that year and in 2009 as part of a larger crackdown in Brazil.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Four Credit Suisse bankers were accused of fraud by the <a href="/wiki/US_Justice_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US Justice Department">US Justice Department</a> in 2011 for helping wealthy Americans avoid taxes.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In 2012, German authorities found that citizens were using insurance policies of a Bermuda-based Credit Suisse subsidiary to earn tax-free interest.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> In November 2012, Credit Suisse's asset management division was merged with the private banking arm.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In September 2012, the Swiss government gave banks like Credit Suisse permission to provide information to the US Justice Department for tax evasion probes.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In February 2014, it agreed to pay a fine of $197 million after one of its businesses served 8,500 US clients without registering its activities, leading to suspicion as to whether it was helping Americans evade taxes. It was one of 14 Swiss banks under investigation.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Separately, in 2013, German authorities began to probe Credit Suisse, its <a href="/wiki/Private_bank" title="Private bank">private bank</a> subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Clariden_Leu" title="Clariden Leu">Clariden Leu</a>, and its regional subsidiary Neue Aargauer Bank for helping German citizens evade taxes.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In 2012, the bank eventually entered into a €150 million settlement with the government.<a href="#cite_note-Germany_Probes_UBS-74">[74]</a> In March 2014, Credit Suisse denied claims it had been drawn into a Swiss competition probe investigating potential collusion to manipulate foreign exchange rates (<a href="/wiki/Forex_scandal" title="Forex scandal">Forex scandal</a>) by various Swiss and foreign banks.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In May 2014, Credit Suisse pleaded guilty to conspiring to aid tax evasion. It was the most prominent bank to plead guilty in the United States since <a href="/wiki/Drexel_Burnham_Lambert" title="Drexel Burnham Lambert">Drexel Burnham Lambert</a> in 1989 and the largest to do so since the <a href="/wiki/Bankers_Trust" title="Bankers Trust">Bankers Trust</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-Bank_Settlement-76">[76]</a> "Credit Suisse conspired to help US citizens hide assets in offshore accounts in order to evade paying taxes. When a bank engages in misconduct this brazen, it should expect that the Justice Department will pursue criminal prosecution to the fullest extent possible, as has happened here," Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Eric_H._Holder" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric H. Holder">Eric H. Holder</a> said at the time.<a href="#cite_note-GuiltyPlea-11">[11]</a> Holder also said "This case shows that no financial institution, no matter its size or global reach, is above the law." Credit Suisse shares rose 1% on the day the $2.6 billion penalty was announced.<a href="#cite_note-busstan-77">[77]</a> In March 2015, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Tidjane_Thiam" title="Tidjane Thiam">Tidjane Thiam</a>, the CEO of <a href="/wiki/Prudential_plc" title="Prudential plc">Prudential</a> would leave to become the next CEO of Credit Suisse.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-78">[78]</a> In September 2016, Brian Chin was appointed Chief Executive of Global Markets and joined the executive board of the bank. At this time, it was also announced that Eric M. Varvel was appointed president and CEO of Credit Suisse Holdings (USA).<a href="#cite_note-BI-79">[79]</a> As of 2018, share prices of Credit Suisse and other Swiss banks including UBS remained mostly stagnant or flat since the 2008 financial crisis. This is seen as a result of the aftermath of the collapse of <a href="/wiki/Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a>, which caused a large loss in consumer and market participant trust and confidence in the banking industry. The loss in confidence is reflected in the large loss of share prices across the Swiss banking sector after 2008, which have not recovered to pre-<a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">financial crisis</a> levels.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In August 2019, Credit Suisse announced the formation of a new "direct banking" business unit under their Switzerland division (Swiss Universal Bank, SUB), focusing on digital retail products. The step is seen as a reaction to the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Financial_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial technology">FinTech</a> competitors such as <a href="/wiki/N26" title="N26">N26</a> or <a href="/wiki/Revolut" title="Revolut">Revolut</a> in Switzerland and shall help to better attract young clients.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gottstein" title="Thomas Gottstein">Thomas Gottstein</a>, the new CEO of the company, announced restructuring; it was influenced as a result of the trading surge in Q2 of 2020, amid the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. The planned restructuring is set "to reduce costs and improve efficiencies" and features some reverts of alterations brought by the previous CEO, Thiam. According to Gottstein, "These initiatives should also help to provide resilience in uncertain markets and deliver further upside when more positive economic conditions prevail."<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> On 9 February 2023, the bank reported an annual loss of CHF 7.3 bn, the biggest loss since the <a href="/wiki/2008_global_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 global financial crisis">2008 global financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> On 14 March of that same year, Credit Suisse published its annual report for 2022 saying it had identified “material weaknesses” in controls over financial reporting.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collapse">Collapse</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Credit_Suisse_by_UBS" title="Acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS">Acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Switzerland_bonds.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Switzerland_bonds.webp/300px-Switzerland_bonds.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Switzerland_bonds.webp/450px-Switzerland_bonds.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Switzerland_bonds.webp/600px-Switzerland_bonds.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Switzerland bonds <a href="/wiki/Inverted_yield_curve" title="Inverted yield curve">Inverted yield curve</a> in 2023 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  30 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  10 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  2 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  1 year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  3 month</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Overnight</div> </figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp/300px-Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp/450px-Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp/600px-Credit_Suisse_stock_price.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Credit Suisse stock price</figcaption></figure> On 15 March 2023, Credit Suisse' share price dropped nearly 25 percent after Saudi National Bank, its largest investor, said it could not provide more financial assistance.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The market price of the bank's unsecured bonds set for maturity in 2027 dropped to a low of 33 percent of their par value on that day, down from being valued at 90 percent of their par value at the beginning of the month.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Later in the same week, Credit Suisse sought to shore up their finances by taking a loan of 50 billion Swiss francs from the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Swiss National Bank</a> (SNB);<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> the bank later proceeded to buy three billion Swiss francs of its own debt and to put the <a href="/wiki/Baur_en_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Baur en Ville">Baur en Ville</a> hotel in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> for sale.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> However, this intervention did not stop investors and customers from <a href="/wiki/Bank_run" title="Bank run">pulling their money out</a> of Credit Suisse, with outflows topping 10 billion Swiss francs during the week,<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> and almost $69 billion (approximately 61 billion Swiss francs) in withdrawals during the first calendar quarter.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The situation was so compromised that the SNB and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Swiss government</a> started discussions to fast-track the bank's acquisition by <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On 19 March 2023, UBS announced a deal had been reached to <a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Credit_Suisse_by_UBS" title="Acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS">acquire Credit Suisse</a> for US$3.25 billion (CHF 3 billion) in an all-stock deal.<a href="#cite_note-acq-bb-98">[98]</a> European regulators have criticized the moral hazard of the <a href="/wiki/Tier_1_capital" title="Tier 1 capital">AT1 bondholders</a> suffering in the loss<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> of their <a href="/wiki/Contingent_convertible_bond" title="Contingent convertible bond">capital</a> rather than the shareholders of the bank.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In June 2024, a group of Credit Suisse bondholders holding $82 million worth of the bank's ATL debt filed a lawsuit against Switzerland seeking compensation.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> According to financial analysts, economic sanctions imposed by <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> on <a href="/wiki/Russian_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian economy">Russian individuals</a> and businesses had a significant impact on the demise of the bank. According to <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>, Credit Suisse held about $33 billion for Russian clients, 50% more than <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In late April 2023, the political and economic fall-out had been evaluated by a number of economic analysts, particularly the resulting lack of banking competition in Switzerland's economy. The take-over by UBS had limited the choice of lenders, particularly for smaller and medium sized companies. Credit Suisse's international reach had affected the employment situation in Europe as well as other regions. The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss economy">Swiss economy</a> as such also relies on a number of heavily capitalised state banks that have been a significant lender to those smaller enterprises, particularly after the demise of CS.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-acquisition">Post-acquisition</h3></div> On 27 June 2023, UBS announced its intention to cut more than half of Credit Suisse's workforce.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_history">Leadership history</h3></div> Credit Suisse's leadership history unfolds through visionary leaders like Alfred Escher, who founded the bank in 1856. Hermann Heller's international focus during 1909–1937 and August Rust's diversification from 1942–1967 laid crucial foundations. Edwin Stopper's strategies in 1979–1990 brought challenges amid expansion into global markets. Lukas Muhlemann's cost-cutting efforts in 1993–2002 faced setbacks, and Oswald Grubel grappled with restructuring post–2008 crisis during 2003–2013. Tidjane Thiam's wealth management focus in 2015–2020 faced external challenges, leading to resignation. Tomas Gottstein, since 2020, tackles geopolitical tensions, emphasizing sustainability while navigating regulatory changes for investor confidence. Understanding Credit Suisse's leadership involves considering broader industry trends and key advisors beyond CEOs.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chairpeople">Chairpeople</h4></div> <ul><li>Otto Aeppli, March 1977–May 1983</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Gut" title="Rainer Gut">Rainer Gut</a>, May 1983–May 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukas_M%C3%BChlemann" title="Lukas Mühlemann">Lukas Mühlemann</a>, May 2000–December 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kielholz" title="Walter Kielholz">Walter Kielholz</a>, January 2003–April 2009</li> <li>Hans-Ulrich Doerig, April 2009–April 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Rohner" title="Urs Rohner">Urs Rohner</a>, April 2011–April 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Horta-Os%C3%B3rio_(banker)" class="mw-redirect" title="António Horta-Osório (banker)">António Horta-Osório</a>, April 2021–January 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Lehmann" title="Axel Lehmann">Axel Lehmann</a>, January 2022–present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chief_executives">Chief executives</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Gut" title="Rainer Gut">Rainer Gut</a>, 1977–1983</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Jeker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert A. Jeker (page does not exist)">Robert A. Jeker</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Jeker" class="extiw" title="de:Robert A. Jeker">de</a>], 1983–1993</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Ackermann" title="Josef Ackermann">Josef Ackermann</a>, 1993–1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukas_M%C3%BChlemann" title="Lukas Mühlemann">Lukas Mühlemann</a>, January 1997–December 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Mack" title="John J. Mack">John J. Mack</a>, January 2003–July 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Gr%C3%BCbel" title="Oswald Grübel">Oswald Grübel</a>, January 2003–May 2007 (co-CEO with Mack in 2003–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brady_Dougan" title="Brady Dougan">Brady Dougan</a>, May 2007–June 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidjane_Thiam" title="Tidjane Thiam">Tidjane Thiam</a>, June 2015–February 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gottstein" title="Thomas Gottstein">Thomas Gottstein</a>, February 2020–July 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_K%C3%B6rner" title="Ulrich Körner">Ulrich Körner</a>, July 2022–present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_structure">Corporate structure</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg/220px-Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg/330px-Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg/440px-Gateway_Plaza_Sydney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1_Macquarie_Place" title="1 Macquarie Place">1 Macquarie Place</a> skyscraper in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> with the Credit Suisse logo, 2018</figcaption></figure> Credit Suisse Group AG, is organised as a <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock company</a> registered in Zürich that operates as a holding company. It owns the Credit Suisse bank and other interests in the financial services business. Credit Suisse is governed by a board of directors, its shareholders, and independent auditors. The Board of Directors organise the annual General Meeting of Shareholders while investors with large stakes in the company determine the agenda. Shareholders elect auditors for one-year terms,<a href="#cite_note-web2-107">[107]</a> approve the annual report and other financial statements, and have other powers granted by law.<a href="#cite_note-web2-107">[107]</a> Shareholders elect members of the board of directors to serve a three-year term based on candidates nominated by the Chairman's and Governance Committee and the Board of Directors meet six times a year to vote on company resolutions.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The Board sets Credit Suisse's business strategies and approves its compensation (remuneration) principles based on guidance from the compensation committee.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It also has the authority to create committees that delegate specific management functions.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Credit Suisse has two divisions, <a href="/wiki/Private_Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Banking">Private Banking</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wealth_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealth Management">Wealth Management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Investment_Banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Investment Banking">Investment Banking</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Shared_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared Services">Shared Services</a> department provides support functions like risk management, legal, IT, and marketing to all areas. Operations are divided into four regions: Switzerland, Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, the Americas, and the Asian Pacific. Credit Suisse Private Banking has wealth management, corporate and institutional businesses. Credit Suisse Investment Banking handles securities, investment research, trading, <a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">prime brokerage</a>, and capital procurement. Credit Suisse Asset Management sells investment classes, alternative investments, real-estate, equities, fixed income products, and other financial products.<a href="#cite_note-web-109">[109]</a> On 9 May 2023, Credit Suisse announced that it would continue its banking operations but under the hospice of <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> in order to fulfill its financial obligations towards existing clients as well as employees of both banks. CEO <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_K%C3%B6rner" title="Ulrich Körner">Ulrich Körner</a> will join UBS's executive board.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ownership">Ownership</h2></div> In August 2022, it was revealed that the largest shareholder of Credit Suisse was in fact American, namely <a href="/wiki/Harris_Associates" title="Harris Associates">Harris Associates</a>, holding over 10% of the shares of the group. Harris Associates itself is owned by French bank <a href="/wiki/Natixis" class="mw-redirect" title="Natixis">Natixis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> As of 25 January 2023, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_National_Bank" title="Saudi National Bank">Saudi National Bank</a>, an anchor investor, held a 10 per cent stake, <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Investment_Authority" title="Qatar Investment Authority">Qatar Investment Authority</a> (QIA) boosted its stake in the Credit Suisse Group to 6.87 per cent and <a href="/wiki/Harris_Associates" title="Harris Associates">Harris Associates</a> reported a holding of below 3 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Harris Associates reported having exited all its Credit Suisse positions by March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Credit Suisse stock (CS) in the <a href="/wiki/NYSE" class="mw-redirect" title="NYSE">NYSE</a> fell from $2.50 to $1.88 a share on 15 March 2023.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> On 19 March 2023, fellow Swiss bank group UBS agreed to buy Credit Suisse for more than US$3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-acq-bb-98">[98]</a> The purchase of Credit Suisse by UBS has reportedly averted a greater crisis, according to SNB.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_products">Financial products</h2></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border: 0; padding: 0;">Credit Suisse products </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 5px"> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:100%;line-height:50%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">     Wealth management      </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Estate planning </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Insurance </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Tax planning </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Philanthropy </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Investment products </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Foreign exchange </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Lending </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Managed accounts </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Real estate </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">     Investment banking      </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="border-left:none;border-right:none;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Securities </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Equity products </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> M&A </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Fixed income </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Mutual funds </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Hedge funds </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel" style="border-right:none;border-left:2px solid;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label" style="border-left:2px solid;border-bottom:2px solid;"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Investment advice </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="border-right:none;border-left:none;"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> Credit Suisse endorses a strategy called <a href="/wiki/Bancassurance" title="Bancassurance">bancassurance</a> of trying to be a single company that offers every common financial services product.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maude2006-117">[117]</a> The investment bank is intended for companies and wealthy individuals with more than 50,000 euro.<a href="#cite_note-McDonaldKeasey2003-118">[118]</a> Credit Suisse developed the CreditRisk+ model of risk assessment in loans, which is focused exclusively on the chance of default based on the exogenous Poisson method.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> As of 2002 about 20 percent of Credit Suisse's revenue was from its insurance business it gained through the 1997 acquisition of Winterthur.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The investment bank's insurance products are primarily popular in the domestic market and include auto, fire, property, life, disability, pension and retirement products among others.<a href="#cite_note-Plunkett2005-121">[121]</a> Historically 20–40 percent of the bank's revenue has been from private banking services, one of its higher profit-margin divisions.<a href="#cite_note-Fischer(ed)2003-122">[122]</a> Credit Suisse produces one of the six hedge funds following European stock indices that are used to evaluate the performance of the markets.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-choices-124">[124]</a> The investment bank also has a 30 percent ownership in hedge fund investment firm York Capital Management. York sells hedge funds independently to its own clients, while Credit Suisse also offers them to private banking clients.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Credit Suisse manages the financial instruments of the Dow Jones Credit Suisse <a href="/wiki/Long/short_equity" title="Long/short equity">long/short equity</a> index (originally called Credit Suisse/Tremont Hedge Fund Indexes).<a href="#cite_note-DarbyshireHampton2012-126">[126]</a> According to a 2011 article in <a href="/wiki/Seeking_Alpha" title="Seeking Alpha">Seeking Alpha</a>, Credit Suisse's investment managers favor financial, technology and energy sector stocks.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The bank's head of equity investments in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> said the team focuses on "value with an emphasis on free cashflow". She also has an interest in companies undergoing management changes that may influence the stock price.<a href="#cite_note-julian-128">[128]</a> According to a story in <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, the head of Credit Suisse's International Focus Fund keeps a portfolio of only 40–50 stocks, instead of the industry-norm of more than 100.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Credit Suisse publishes its investment advice in four publications: Compass, Viewpoints, Research and the Credit Suisse Investment Committee Report.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On 5 May 2023, Credit Suisse announced it would buy Ecuadorian bonds worth $1.6 billion in a debt-for-nature swap that costs the Swiss bank only $644 million. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Ecuador">government of Ecuador</a> pledged to spend about $18 million annually for two decades on conservation in the <a href="/wiki/Galapagos_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galapagos islands">Galapagos islands</a>, a UNESCO world heritage site. The bond purchase was below 55% of the purchase value and below 35.5% for the consecutive 5 year-intervals after 2025. Underwriters for that deal is the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a> (IDB) and the <a href="/wiki/OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development" title="OPEC Fund for International Development">U.S. International Development Finance Cooperation</a>, therefore limiting the risk for Credit Suisse. The deal effectively saves Ecuador from liquidity shortages due to an estimated public debt of $66.8 billion. In April 2020, Ecuador repaid $1 billion of loans made two years earlier by <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> and Credit Suisse.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation_and_rankings">Reputation and rankings</h2></div> The reputation of the bank is controversial. From the 1940s until into the 2010s, beside regular customers, Credit Suisse offered criminals, corrupt politicians and controversial secret service chiefs a safe haven for their assets, despite all public declarations of a "white money" strategy.<a href="#cite_note-:1-132">[132]</a> Until its acquisition by <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> in 2023, Credit Suisse was a member of <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bulge_bracket" title="Bulge bracket">bulge bracket</a>, a list of the largest and most profitable banks. The company was one of the world's most important banks, upon which international financial stability depends.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> The bank was also one of <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortune Magazine">Fortune Magazine</a>'s most admired companies.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> As of 2004, Credit Suisse was first in volume of high-yield transactions, second for corporate high-yield bond insurance and third for <a href="/wiki/Securities_underwriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities underwriting">IPO underwriting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vault-136">[136]</a> As of 2012, Credit Suisse was recognised as the world's best private bank by <a href="/wiki/Euromoney" title="Euromoney">Euromoney</a>'s Global Private Banking Survey<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> and as the best European Equity Manager by Global Investors.<a href="#cite_note-julian-128">[128]</a> In polls by Euromoney, it has been ranked as the top private bank and the best bank in Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-coverstory-48">[48]</a> In 1995, the Securities Data Company ranked Credit Suisse as the fourth best place for financial advice for mergers and acquisitions in the US and sixth for domestic equity issues.<a href="#cite_note-name2-45">[45]</a> Credit Suisse was recognized by the Asset Triple A Awards and in 2005 it was ranked as the second best prime broker by <a href="/wiki/Institutional_Investor_(magazine)" title="Institutional Investor (magazine)">Institutional Investor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vault-136">[136]</a> An investigation in February 2022 by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Suisse_Secrets" title="Suisse Secrets">Suisse Secrets</a> leaks revealed that Credit Suisse was holding bank accounts for many criminals, fraudsters and corrupt politicians.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In early September 2023, <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> had clearly profited from the takeover as its stocks were increasingly valuable. From April to July, UBS made a record profit of 29.2 billion CHF and its stocks, which were initially depressed after the fusion, were traded at much higher prices. The record profit was based on the difference between the purchase price of Credit Suisse stocks and the apparently higher value of its assets.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mismarking,_2007">Mismarking, 2007</h3></div> In 2007, two Credit Suisse <a href="/wiki/Trader_(finance)" title="Trader (finance)">traders</a> pleaded guilty to <a href="/wiki/Mismarking" title="Mismarking">mismarking</a> their <a href="/wiki/Securities_position" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities position">securities positions</a> to overvalue them by $3 billion, avoid losses, and increase their year-end <a href="/wiki/Bonus_payment" title="Bonus payment">bonuses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Federal prosecutors and the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> charged that the traders' goal was to obtain lavish year-end bonuses that the mismarking would lead to.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-144">[144]</a> The traders engaged in what <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> called "a brazen scheme to artificially increase the price of <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> on their books to create fictitious profits".<a href="#cite_note-auto-140">[140]</a> A team of traders, facing an inquiry from Credit Suisse's internal controls Price Testing group, justified their bond portfolio's inflated value by obtaining "independent" marks from other banks' <a href="/wiki/Trading_desk" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading desk">trading desks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-auto-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-145">[145]</a> The traders secured sham "independent" marks for illiquid securities that they held position in from friends who worked at other financial firms.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-145">[145]</a> Their friends generated prices that valued a number of bonds at the prices that the traders requested, which the traders then recorded as the true value of the bonds.<a href="#cite_note-auto-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto5-145">[145]</a> The bank was not charged in the case.<a href="#cite_note-auto-140">[140]</a> Credit Suisse's outside auditor discovered the mismarkings during an audit.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Credit Suisse took a $2.65 billion write-down after discovering their traders' mismarking.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan_limited_income_tax_case,_2008">Japan limited income tax case, 2008</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse_Securities_Japan_Limited_income_tax_case" title="Credit Suisse Securities Japan Limited income tax case">Credit Suisse Securities Japan Limited income tax case</a></div> In November 2008, 300 current and former Credit Suisse employees had understated or completely failed to declare stock-based compensation. Among all these cases one individual, Takashi Hatta was prosecuted from the investigation done by the Tokyo Regional Taxation Bureau.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> He insisted that he did not intend tax evasion, not realizing Credit Suisse had not withheld income tax, as is usual in Japan. After years of investigation and trials, Hatta was acquitted.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act_and_New_York_State_Law_violations,_2009">International Emergency Economic Powers Act and New York State Law violations, 2009</h3></div> On 16 December 2009, it was announced that the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Justice">US Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) reached a settlement with Credit Suisse over accusations that the bank assisted residents of <a href="/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act" title="International Emergency Economic Powers Act">International Emergency Economic Powers Act</a> sanctioned countries to wire money in violation of the Act as well as <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> law from 1995 to 2006. The settlement resulted in Credit Suisse forfeiting $536 million.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_tax_fraud_conspiracy,_2014,_2023">US tax fraud conspiracy, 2014, 2023</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland#Loopholes" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking in Switzerland § Loopholes</a></div> In 2014, Credit Suisse pleaded guilty to conspiring with Americans to file false tax returns. Credit Suisse subsequently paid $2.6 billion in fines and restitution.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> It was reported in 2022 that the US DOJ had opened an investigation into whether the bank continued to assist clients hide assets from tax authorities despite the terms of the 2014 settlement.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> According to the DOJ in 2023, Credit Suisse violated a plea agreement with US authorities by failing to report secret offshore accounts that wealthy Americans used to avoid paying taxes.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal,_2015">Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, 2015</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</a></div> In September 2015 Hong Kong police began investigations regarding $250 million in Credit Suisse branch deposits in Hong Kong linked to former <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>'s Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> and Malaysian sovereign wealth fund, <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> (1MDB).<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> In 2017, Singapore fined Credit Suisse a total of S$0.7m (£0.4m, $0.5m, €0.45m).<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> In May 2017, Reuters reported that "Swiss financial watchdog FINMA ... had conducted "extensive investigations" into Credit Suisse's dealings surrounding 1MDB".<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In 2019 FINMA issued a complaint to Credit Suisse.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mozambique_secret_loans_scandal,_2017">Mozambique secret loans scandal, 2017</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tuna_bonds" title="Tuna bonds">Tuna bonds</a></div> Between 2012 and 2016, Credit Suisse <a href="/wiki/Tuna_bonds" title="Tuna bonds">brokered US$1.3 billion of loans</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambican</a> finance minister <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Chang" title="Manuel Chang">Manuel Chang</a>, to develop the country's tuna fishing industry. The loans were issued as bonds to be paid off by the income from tuna fishing as well as the country's nascent natural gas industry. Chang lied to investors, his own government, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> and the banks issuing the loans, including Credit Suisse.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Credit Suisse was fined almost US$500 million by UK, US and European regulators for a lack of transparency in the issuing of the bonds, for kickbacks benefitting Credit Suisse bankers and for enabling loans likely to be embezzled by Mozambican officials, including Chang. In October 2021, Credit Suisse pled guilty to wire fraud and agreed to forgive US$200 million in debt owed by Mozambique to the bank.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act_violation,_2018">US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violation, 2018</h3></div> On 5 July 2018, Credit Suisse agreed to pay a $47 million fine to the US Department of Justice and $30 million to resolve charges of the <a href="/wiki/US_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="US Securities and Exchange Commission">US Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC). The SEC's investigation said that the banking group sought investment banking business in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region by hiring and promoting more than one hundred Chinese officials and related people in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act" title="Foreign Corrupt Practices Act">Foreign Corrupt Practices Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_controversy,_2018">Climate controversy, 2018</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Kopalnia_w%C4%99gla_brunatnego_i_elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3835" data-file-height="2558" /></a><figcaption>Credit Suisse invests in <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Coal-fired_power_station" title="Coal-fired power station">coal-fired power stations</a>.</figcaption></figure> In November 2018, about a dozen <a href="/wiki/Climate_movement" title="Climate movement">climate activists</a> played tennis inside Credit Suisse agencies (of <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a> simultaneously), disrupting operations as a protest against the bank's investments in <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AP07.01.2020-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-SWI08.01.2020-161">[161]</a> Credit Suisse lodged a complaint and the activists from Lausanne were tried in January 2020 and fined 21,600 <a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">CHF</a>. They were later cleared of all charges in what a Swiss media outlet considered a 'historical decision'.<a href="#cite_note-LeTemps-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP07.01.2020-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-SWI08.01.2020-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The tennis theme was chosen to urge Swiss tennis star <a href="/wiki/Roger_Federer" title="Roger Federer">Roger Federer</a> to break his connection with Credit Suisse as a sponsor due to the company's participating in the <a href="/wiki/Climate_crisis" title="Climate crisis">climate crisis</a> (notably by multiplying 16-fold its financing for <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> from 2016 to 2017).<a href="#cite_note-AP07.01.2020-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-SWI08.01.2020-161">[161]</a> On 11 January 2020, Federer published a statement saying: "[...] I have a great deal of respect and admiration for the youth climate movement, and I am grateful to young climate activists for pushing us all to examine our behaviours", and further committed to a dialogue with his sponsors on social issues.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> On 24 January 2020, following the trial, the climate activist group emitted a press statement requesting a transparent, televised debate with the CEO of Credit Suisse. With no answer from the bank, they created a website under the name "DiscreditSuisse" hosting content pertaining to Credit Suisse's record on climate issues.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_spying_scandal,_2019">Private spying scandal, 2019</h3></div> In 2019, a senior executive who was leaving the firm discovered that <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Olivier_Bou%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Olivier Bouée (page does not exist)">Pierre-Olivier Bouée</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">chief operating officer</a> (COO) of Credit Suisse at the time, had hired private detectives to follow him to see if he was wooing Credit Suisse clients.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-167">[167]</a> Bouée was fired, and a private investigator involved in the surveillance apparently killed himself.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-167">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greensill_Capital,_2021">Greensill Capital, 2021</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Greensill_Capital" title="Greensill Capital">Greensill Capital</a></div> In March 2021, Credit Suisse closed and liquidated several <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_finance" title="Supply chain finance">supply-chain</a> <a href="/wiki/Investment_fund" title="Investment fund">investment funds</a> tied to the activities of <a href="/wiki/Greensill_Capital" title="Greensill Capital">Greensill Capital</a>. The investors in the funds, which totalled assets of approximately $10 billion, were expected to lose $3 billion as of March 2021.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Credit Suisse has returned around $7.4 billion to investors in its Greensill-linked funds.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archegos_Capital,_2021">Archegos Capital, 2021</h3></div> In April 2021, at least seven executives were removed from their posts after Credit Suisse reported losses of $4.7 billion linked to its <a href="/wiki/Prime_brokerage" title="Prime brokerage">prime brokerage</a> services provided to <a href="/wiki/Archegos_Capital_Management" title="Archegos Capital Management">Archegos Capital</a>. The executives who departed included Lara Warner, the group's <a href="/wiki/Chief_risk_and_compliance_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief risk and compliance officer">chief risk and compliance officer</a>, and Brian Chin, head of the investment bank.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Just prior to Credit Suisse's 2021 Annual General Meeting, Andreas Gottschling, head of the board's risk committee, also stood down.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> In July 2023, Credit Suisse's parent UBS was fined $269 million by the Federal Reserve and $119 million by the Bank of England for its failure in risk management.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forex_manipulations_conviction,_2021">Forex manipulations conviction, 2021</h3></div> In 2021, Credit Suisse was fined €83.3 million for <a href="/wiki/Forex_scandal" title="Forex scandal">forex rates manipulation</a> by the European Union Commission on Competition because of its participation in a <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a> detrimental to <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> consumers and involving several other large international banks.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In October 2022, a US jury found that Credit Suisse did not collude with other banks to manipulate forex rates, in a class-action trial.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug_money_laundering_scandal,_2022">Drug money laundering scandal, 2022</h3></div> On 7 February 2022, it was announced that Credit Suisse would be tried in the first <a href="/wiki/Criminal_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal trial">criminal trial</a> of a major bank in Switzerland. Swiss prosecutors are seeking around 42 million Swiss francs ($45 million) in compensation from Credit Suisse for allowing a Bulgarian cocaine trafficking gang around <a href="/wiki/Evelin_Banev" title="Evelin Banev">Evelin Banev</a> to launder millions of Euros of cash between 2004 and 2008.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> On 27 June 2022, the bank as well as one of its former employees was found guilty by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Criminal_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Criminal Court of Switzerland">Federal Criminal Court of Switzerland</a> for not doing enough to prevent the crime from taking place.<a href="#cite_note-launder1-178">[178]</a> The court imposed a fine of CHF 2 million and ordered the confiscation of assets worth more than CHF 12 million that the drug gang held in accounts at the bank; and to relinquish over CHF 19 million — the amount that could not be confiscated due to internal deficiencies at the bank.<a href="#cite_note-launder1-178">[178]</a> The bank said it would appeal against the verdict.<a href="#cite_note-launder1-178">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suisse_secrets_leak,_2022">Suisse secrets leak, 2022</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Suisse_Secrets" title="Suisse Secrets">Suisse Secrets</a></div> In February 2022, details of 30,000 customers holding over 100bn Swiss francs (£80bn) in accounts at the bank were leaked to the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a>, and became known as "<a href="/wiki/Suisse_Secrets" title="Suisse Secrets">Suisse Secrets</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Graun-179">[179]</a> Among those with accounts at the bank were a human trafficker,<a href="#cite_note-Sampaio-180">[180]</a> a torturer, drug traffickers and a Vatican-run account that allegedly invested €350m fraudulently in London property.<a href="#cite_note-Graun-179">[179]</a> On 20 February, Credit Suisse said it "strongly rejects" allegations of wrongdoing.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_oligarch_loans_documents_destruction_after_invasion_of_Ukraine,_2022">Russian oligarch loans documents destruction after invasion of Ukraine, 2022</h3></div> Following Swiss sanctions on Russia during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Credit Suisse issued legal requests asking hedge funds and other investors to destroy documents linking Russian oligarchs to yacht loans, a move for which they faced considerable criticism.<a href="#cite_note-:2-182">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Reform">US House Oversight Committee</a> launched a probe into the firm demanding documents linked to the bank's compliance with sanctions on Russian oligarchs.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_media_rumours,_2022">Social media rumours, 2022</h3></div> In early October 2022, Credit Suisse stocks came under considerable pressure when rumours on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> projected the demise of the bank. According to financial analysts, the bank has a “strong capital base and liquidity position”. Nevertheless, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_National_Bank" title="Swiss National Bank">Swiss National Bank</a> vowed to follow the situation closely. European finance experts in particular talked of a "self-fulfilling risk" since liquidity is not a problem for the Swiss bank. CS had suffered severe losses in 2021 from the <a href="/wiki/Archegos_Capital_Management" title="Archegos Capital Management">Archegos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greensill_scandal" title="Greensill scandal">Greensill</a> financial scandals that implicated former Archegos executives with racketeering conspiracy, securities fraud and wire fraud.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> On 7 October 2022, the bank offered to buy back US$3 billion worth of debt, and put Zurich's <a href="/wiki/Baur_en_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Baur en Ville">Savoy Hotel</a> on sale, which was later purchased by wealthy Arab officials.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The bank's current chairman, <a href="/wiki/Axel_Lehmann" title="Axel Lehmann">Axel Lehmann</a>, also assured investors that the bank was stable after wealthy clients began moving their assets out of the bank.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> In the fall-out from the falling stock prices, insiders believed that Saudi prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> was looking to invest almost US$500 million into the bank, but had to withdraw his offer due to regulatory concerns.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NSDAP_accounts,_2023">NSDAP accounts, 2023</h3></div> In 2023 Credit Suisse stopped internal investigation into its <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="NSDAP">Nazi</a> clients and other Nazi-linked accounts facing much condemnation of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Senate_Budget_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Budget Committee">Senate Budget Committee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> survivors among others.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> According to the most recent Senate report at least 14 of these stayed open until 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> In 1996 and 1997, both the <a href="/wiki/Bergier_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergier Commission">Bergier Commission</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker_Committee" title="Paul Volcker Committee">Volcker Committee</a> had investigated the same remaining accounts related to the Swiss banks' dealing with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. Those settlements had resulted in the payment of USD 1.288 billion by UBS, Credit Suisse and other Swiss banks to 458,400 <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> victims, and 198,000 victims of the Slave Labor Class action lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_environment">Work environment</h2></div> Credit Suisse is more internationally minded than most European banks.<a href="#cite_note-NYTIMES-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-vault-136">[136]</a> According to WetFeet's Insider Guide, Credit Suisse offers more travel opportunities, greater levels of responsibility and more client interaction than new employees get at competing firms but is known for long hours. Analysts report 60- to 110-hour work-weeks.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Roles and responsibilities are less stringent and the environment is pleasant despite hours being "the most grueling on Wall Street".<a href="#cite_note-Incorporated2008-191">[191]</a> Vault's Insider's Guide reached similar conclusions, noting above-average training, executive access and openness matched with reports of 80- to 100-hour work-weeks.<a href="#cite_note-vault-136">[136]</a> In 2023, the bank made moves to pay bonuses to top executives and senior bankers upfront but included an added condition that they needed to stay with the bank for three years or else they would need to pay the bonus, or some of the bonus, back to the company.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Later the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss federal government">Swiss federal government</a>, as well as the last General Assembly of Credit Suisse <a href="/wiki/Shareholders" class="mw-redirect" title="Shareholders">shareholders</a> voted to withdraw or seriously reduce bonus payments to top management.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/28px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/42px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/56px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banking in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Garantia" title="Banco Garantia">Banco Garantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boston_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="First Boston Corporation">First Boston Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress_lawsuit_against_Swiss_banks" title="World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss banks">World Jewish Congress lawsuit against Swiss banks</a>, 1995</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndré_Roegger" class="citation web cs1">André Roegger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us/en/our-company/sponsorship/culture/fine-art/credit-suisse-collection/select-works/paradeplatz.html">"Paradeplatz - Zurich"</a>. Credit Suisse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Credit+Suisse&rft.atitle=Paradeplatz+-+Zurich&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Roegger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.credit-suisse.com%2Fabout-us%2Fen%2Four-company%2Fsponsorship%2Fculture%2Ffine-art%2Fcredit-suisse-collection%2Fselect-works%2Fparadeplatz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us/en/our-company/who-we-are.html">"Who we are"</a>. Credit Suisse. Retrieved 21 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Credit+Suisse&rft.atitle=Who+we+are&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.credit-suisse.com%2Fabout-us%2Fen%2Four-company%2Fwho-we-are.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2022" class="citation web cs1">Larsen, Peter Thal (17 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/new-credit-suisse-chair-has-grim-streak-break-2022-01-17/">"New Credit Suisse chair has grim streak to break"</a>. Reuters.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117044057/https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/new-credit-suisse-chair-has-grim-streak-break-2022-01-17/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters.com&rft.atitle=New+Credit+Suisse+chair+has+grim+streak+to+break&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Peter+Thal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbreakingviews%2Fnew-credit-suisse-chair-has-grim-streak-break-2022-01-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tdg.ch/le-president-de-credit-suisse-antonio-horta-osorio-demissionne-467882452886">"Violations de la quarantaine – António Horta-Osório quitte la présidence de Credit Suisse"</a>. Tdg.ch. 17 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117005149/https://www.tdg.ch/le-president-de-credit-suisse-antonio-horta-osorio-demissionne-467882452886">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tdg.ch&rft.atitle=Violations+de+la+quarantaine+%E2%80%93+Ant%C3%B3nio+Horta-Os%C3%B3rio+quitte+la+pr%C3%A9sidence+de+Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2022-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tdg.ch%2Fle-president-de-credit-suisse-antonio-horta-osorio-demissionne-467882452886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/48fdb1a525f7620a0bd1cfa6550a15c4">"Credit Suisse CEO resigns as bank posts 2Q loss"</a>. Associated Press News. 27 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220727080914/https://apnews.com/article/48fdb1a525f7620a0bd1cfa6550a15c4">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2022. 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Credit Suisse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113223/https://www.credit-suisse.com/media/assets/corporate/docs/about-us/investor-relations/financial-disclosures/results/csg-earningsrelease-4q22.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Credit+Suisse&rft.atitle=Earnings+Release+4Q22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.credit-suisse.com%2Fmedia%2Fassets%2Fcorporate%2Fdocs%2Fabout-us%2Finvestor-relations%2Ffinancial-disclosures%2Fresults%2Fcsg-earningsrelease-4q22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fitchratings.com/research/banks/fitch-downgrades-credit-suisse-group-to-bbb-outlook-negative-04-08-2022">"Fitch Downgrades Credit Suisse Group to 'BBB'; Outlook Negative"</a>. Fitch Ratings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813095913/https://www.fitchratings.com/research/banks/fitch-downgrades-credit-suisse-group-to-bbb-outlook-negative-04-08-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fitch+Ratings&rft.atitle=Fitch+Downgrades+Credit+Suisse+Group+to+%27BBB%27%3B+Outlook+Negative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fitchratings.com%2Fresearch%2Fbanks%2Ffitch-downgrades-credit-suisse-group-to-bbb-outlook-negative-04-08-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us/en/investor-relations/debt-investors/ratings-credit-reports.html">"Fitch Downgrades Credit Suisse Group to 'BBB'; Outlook Negative"</a>. Fitch Ratings. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903164904/https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us/en/investor-relations/debt-investors/ratings-credit-reports.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fitch+Ratings&rft.atitle=Fitch+Downgrades+Credit+Suisse+Group+to+%27BBB%27%3B+Outlook+Negative&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.credit-suisse.com%2Fabout-us%2Fen%2Finvestor-relations%2Fdebt-investors%2Fratings-credit-reports.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubs.com/ch/en/microsites/ubs-acquisition-of-credit-suisse.html">"Latest on the takeover of Credit Suisse | UBS Switzerland"</a>. Count on us. Today more than ever. Retrieved 19 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Count+on+us.+Today+more+than+ever.&rft.atitle=Latest+on+the+takeover+of+Credit+Suisse+%7C+UBS+Switzerland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubs.com%2Fch%2Fen%2Fmicrosites%2Fubs-acquisition-of-credit-suisse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-felony-10"><a href="#cite_ref-felony_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/credit-suisse-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-aid-and-assist-us-taxpayers-filing-false-returns">"Credit Suisse Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy to Aid and Assist U.S. Taxpayers in Filing False Returns"</a>. Department of Justice. 19 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411012234/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/credit-suisse-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-aid-and-assist-us-taxpayers-filing-false-returns">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+Pleads+Guilty+to+Conspiracy+to+Aid+and+Assist+U.S.+Taxpayers+in+Filing+False+Returns&rft.date=2014-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fopa%2Fpr%2Fcredit-suisse-pleads-guilty-conspiracy-aid-and-assist-us-taxpayers-filing-false-returns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuiltyPlea-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GuiltyPlea_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GuiltyPlea_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521071419/http://www.switzerlandnews.net/index.php/sid/222161385/scat/ed0dcae976801452/ht/Credit-Suisse-fined-26bn-in-US-tax-evasion-case">"Credit Suisse fined $2.6bn in US tax evasion case"</a>. Switzerland News.Net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.switzerlandnews.net/index.php/sid/222161385/scat/ed0dcae976801452/ht/Credit-Suisse-fined-26bn-in-US-tax-evasion-case">the original</a> on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+fined+%242.6bn+in+US+tax+evasion+case&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.switzerlandnews.net%2Findex.php%2Fsid%2F222161385%2Fscat%2Fed0dcae976801452%2Fht%2FCredit-Suisse-fined-26bn-in-US-tax-evasion-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/9fe40e6a-f01f-4205-b885-7771d305721e">"UBS agrees $3.25bn rescue deal for rival Credit Suisse"</a>. Financial Times. 19 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319201122/https://www.ft.com/content/9fe40e6a-f01f-4205-b885-7771d305721e">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=UBS+agrees+%243.25bn+rescue+deal+for+rival+Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2023-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F9fe40e6a-f01f-4205-b885-7771d305721e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/ubs-offers-1-billion-to-take-over-credit-suisse-bfac51fa">"UBS Agrees to Buy Credit Suisse for More Than $3 Billion"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. 19 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319164147/https://www.wsj.com/articles/ubs-offers-1-billion-to-take-over-credit-suisse-bfac51fa">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=UBS+Agrees+to+Buy+Credit+Suisse+for+More+Than+%243+Billion&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fubs-offers-1-billion-to-take-over-credit-suisse-bfac51fa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFswissinfo.ch/mga2023" class="citation web cs1">swissinfo.ch/mga (19 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/credit-suisse-agrees-to-takeover-by-rival-swiss-bank-ubs/48373120">"Credit Suisse agrees to CHF3bn takeover by rival Swiss bank UBS"</a>. SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 20 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+agrees+to+CHF3bn+takeover+by+rival+Swiss+bank+UBS&rft.date=2023-03-19&rft.au=swissinfo.ch%2Fmga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fbusiness%2Fcredit-suisse-agrees-to-takeover-by-rival-swiss-bank-ubs%2F48373120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalftermeyer2023" class="citation news cs1">Halftermeyer, Marion (11 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-12/ubs-completes-credit-suisse-takeover-to-create-swiss-bank-titan">"UBS Completes Credit Suisse Takeover to Create Swiss Bank Titan"</a>. Bloomberg News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=UBS+Completes+Credit+Suisse+Takeover+to+Create+Swiss+Bank+Titan&rft.date=2023-06-11&rft.aulast=Halftermeyer&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-06-12%2Fubs-completes-credit-suisse-takeover-to-create-swiss-bank-titan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._H._MeyerHans_Dietler1899" class="citation journal cs1">B. H. Meyer; Hans Dietler (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1448684">"The Regulation and Nationalization of the Swiss Railways"</a>. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 13 (2). Sage: 1–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F000271629901300201">10.1177/000271629901300201</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7162">0002-7162</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1009453">1009453</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143907491">143907491</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729002607/https://zenodo.org/record/1448684">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=The+Regulation+and+Nationalization+of+the+Swiss+Railways&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-30&rft.date=1899&rft.issn=0002-7162&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143907491%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1009453%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F000271629901300201&rft.au=B.+H.+Meyer&rft.au=Hans+Dietler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1448684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeierMarthinsen2012-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MeierMarthinsen2012_17-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenri_B._MeierJohn_E._MarthinsenPascal_A._Gantenbein2012" class="citation book cs1">Henri B. Meier; John E. Marthinsen; Pascal A. Gantenbein (1 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bpKmVkdP360C&pg=PA89">Swiss Finance: Capital Markets, Banking, and the Swiss Value Chain</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-22508-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-22508-0"><bdi>978-1-118-22508-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swiss+Finance%3A+Capital+Markets%2C+Banking%2C+and+the+Swiss+Value+Chain&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012-10-01&rft.isbn=978-1-118-22508-0&rft.au=Henri+B.+Meier&rft.au=John+E.+Marthinsen&rft.au=Pascal+A.+Gantenbein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbpKmVkdP360C%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph.2000" class="citation book cs1">Joseph., Jung (2000). From Schweizerische Kreditanstalt to Credit Suisse Group : the history of a bank. Zurich: NZZ Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3858238910" title="Special:BookSources/3858238910"><bdi>3858238910</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45803230">45803230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Schweizerische+Kreditanstalt+to+Credit+Suisse+Group+%3A+the+history+of+a+bank&rft.place=Zurich&rft.pub=NZZ+Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45803230&rft.isbn=3858238910&rft.aulast=Joseph.&rft.aufirst=Jung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nine-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nine_19-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPohl1994" class="citation book cs1">Pohl, Manfred (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eXvfNDHpfWwC&pg=PA1016">Handbook on the History of European Banks</a>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 1016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85278-919-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85278-919-0"><bdi>978-1-85278-919-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+the+History+of+European+Banks&rft.pages=1016&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-85278-919-0&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeXvfNDHpfWwC%26pg%3DPA1016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FranksNunnally2010-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FranksNunnally2010_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranksNunnally2010_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranksNunnally2010_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranksNunnally2010_20-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FranksNunnally2010_20-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandy_FranksSara_Nunnally2010" class="citation book cs1">Sandy Franks; Sara Nunnally (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOvJLwRrJikC&pg=PA198">Barbarians of Wealth: Protecting Yourself from Today's Financial Attilas</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-94658-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-94658-9"><bdi>978-0-470-94658-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barbarians+of+Wealth%3A+Protecting+Yourself+from+Today%27s+Financial+Attilas&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-94658-9&rft.au=Sandy+Franks&rft.au=Sara+Nunnally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiOvJLwRrJikC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-swissbook-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swissbook_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swissbook_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swissbook_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-swissbook_21-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung2000" class="citation book cs1">Jung, Joseph (2000). From Schweizerische Kreditanstalt to Credit Suisse Group: The History of a Bank. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88035-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88035-0"><bdi>978-0-521-88035-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Electrification%3A+Multinational+Enterprise+and+International+Finance+in+the+History+of+Light+and+Power%2C+1878%E2%80%932007&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88035-0&rft.aulast=Hausman&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Hertner%2C+Peter&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+Mira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP7ae1nBwBmgC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hill1999-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Hill1999_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1999" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Kelly (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wJgrAQAAMAAJ">Cases in Corporate Acquisitions, Buyouts, Mergers, and Takeovers</a>. Gale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7876-3894-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7876-3894-3"><bdi>0-7876-3894-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319201123/https://books.google.com/books?id=wJgrAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cases+in+Corporate+Acquisitions%2C+Buyouts%2C+Mergers%2C+and+Takeovers&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7876-3894-3&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwJgrAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-name_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeier1960" class="citation journal cs1">Meier, P. J. (June 1960). "Reviewed Work: Schweizerische Kreditanstalt 1856–1956 by Walter Adolph Jöhr". The Journal of Economic History. 20 (2). Cambridge University Press: 328. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2114865">2114865</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+History&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%3A+Schweizerische+Kreditanstalt+1856%E2%80%931956+by+Walter+Adolph+J%C3%B6hr&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=328&rft.date=1960-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2114865%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Meier&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51751272">"Nazi name lists in Argentina may reveal loot in Swiss bank"</a>. BBC News. 5 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413190121/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51751272">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nazi+name+lists+in+Argentina+may+reveal+loot+in+Swiss+bank&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-51751272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeters2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Deters, Jannik (6 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/banken/dokumentenfund-in-argentinien-credit-suisse-soll-milliardenschwere-nazi-konten-oeffnen/25615760.html">"Dokumentenfund in Argentinien: Credit Suisse soll milliardenschwere Nazi-Konten öffnen"</a>. Wiwo.de (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609002957/https://www.wiwo.de/unternehmen/banken/dokumentenfund-in-argentinien-credit-suisse-soll-milliardenschwere-nazi-konten-oeffnen/25615760.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wiwo.de&rft.atitle=Dokumentenfund+in+Argentinien%3A+Credit+Suisse+soll+milliardenschwere+Nazi-Konten+%C3%B6ffnen&rft.date=2020-03-06&rft.aulast=Deters&rft.aufirst=Jannik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiwo.de%2Funternehmen%2Fbanken%2Fdokumentenfund-in-argentinien-credit-suisse-soll-milliardenschwere-nazi-konten-oeffnen%2F25615760.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung2002" class="citation book cs1">Jung, Joseph (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creditsuissegrou0000unse">Credit Suisse Group Banks in the Second World War: A Critical Review</a> (2nd ed.). Neue Zürcher Zeitung. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-85823-994-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-85823-994-1"><bdi>3-85823-994-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Credit+Suisse+Group+Banks+in+the+Second+World+War%3A+A+Critical+Review&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Neue+Z%C3%BCrcher+Zeitung&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-85823-994-1&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcreditsuissegrou0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHonan1999" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_H._Honan" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Honan">Honan, William H.</a> (16 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/16/nyregion/estelle-sapir-73-who-fought-bank-over-holocaust-assets.html">"Estelle Sapir, 73, Who Fought Bank Over Holocaust Assets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524210347/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/16/nyregion/estelle-sapir-73-who-fought-bank-over-holocaust-assets.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Estelle+Sapir%2C+73%2C+Who+Fought+Bank+Over+Holocaust+Assets&rft.date=1999-04-16&rft.aulast=Honan&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F04%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Festelle-sapir-73-who-fought-bank-over-holocaust-assets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atkinson-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Atkinson_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2000" class="citation news cs1">Atkinson, Mark (4 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/aug/05/13">"Swiss banks agree $1.25bn Holocaust deal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311195910/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/aug/05/13">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Swiss+banks+agree+%241.25bn+Holocaust+deal&rft.date=2000-08-04&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2000%2Faug%2F05%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVischer2001" class="citation book cs1">Vischer, Frank (2001). "Der Handel mit ausländischen Wertpapieren während des Krieges und die Probleme der deutschen Guthaben in der Schweiz sowie der nachrichtlosen Vermögen aus rechtlicher Sicht". Die Schweiz, der Nationalsozialismus und das Recht, Bd. 2. Chronos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-0340-0619-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-0340-0619-4"><bdi>978-3-0340-0619-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+Handel+mit+ausl%C3%A4ndischen+Wertpapieren+w%C3%A4hrend+des+Krieges+und+die+Probleme+der+deutschen+Guthaben+in+der+Schweiz+sowie+der+nachrichtlosen+Verm%C3%B6gen+aus+rechtlicher+Sicht&rft.btitle=Die+Schweiz%2C+der+Nationalsozialismus+und+das+Recht%2C+Bd.+2&rft.pub=Chronos&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-0340-0619-4&rft.aulast=Vischer&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTIMES-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTIMES_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTIMES_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews1998" class="citation news cs1">Andrews, Edmund L. (23 October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/23/business/international-business-when-sure-footed-stumble-swiss-banks-stagger-after.html?pagewanted=all">"International Business: When the Sure-Footed Stumble; Swiss Banks Stagger After Several Investing Missteps"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220093155/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/23/business/international-business-when-sure-footed-stumble-swiss-banks-stagger-after.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=International+Business%3A+When+the+Sure-Footed+Stumble%3B+Swiss+Banks+Stagger+After+Several+Investing+Missteps&rft.date=1998-10-23&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Edmund+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F10%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Finternational-business-when-sure-footed-stumble-swiss-banks-stagger-after.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiesenthal.com/about/news/wiesenthal-center-argentina-nazi.html">"Wiesenthal Centre Reveals 12,000 Names of Nazis in Argentina, Many of Whom Apparently Had Accounts Transferred to Credit Suisse"</a>. Wiesenthal.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824222205/http://www.wiesenthal.com/about/news/wiesenthal-center-argentina-nazi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wiesenthal.com&rft.atitle=Wiesenthal+Centre+Reveals+12%2C000+Names+of+Nazis+in+Argentina%2C+Many+of+Whom+Apparently+Had+Accounts+Transferred+to+Credit+Suisse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiesenthal.com%2Fabout%2Fnews%2Fwiesenthal-center-argentina-nazi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911980,00.html">"Banking: Suicide in Switzerland"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Vol. 109, no. 21. 23 May 1977. p. 82. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224094545/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911980,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Banking%3A+Suicide+in+Switzerland&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=82&rft.date=1977-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C911980%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gambee1999-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Gambee1999_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGambee1999" class="citation book cs1">Gambee, Robert (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wallstreetfinanc00gamb">Wall Street: Financial Capital</a>. W. W. 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Retrieved 27 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Swiss+Bank+Turns+Aggressive&rft.pages=D1-D2&rft.date=1989-04-10&rft.aulast=Greenhouse&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F04%2F10%2Fbusiness%2Fswiss-bank-turns-aggressive.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1996" class="citation news cs1">Grant, Linda (19 August 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203065900/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/08/19/215626/">"Will CS First Boston Ever Win?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. pp. 30–34. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1996/08/19/215626/">the original</a> on 3 December 2013. 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Retrieved 27 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+to+Pay+%24197+Million+in+SEC+U.S.+Client+Case&rft.date=2014-02-21&rft.aulast=Schoenberg&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Voreacos%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-02-21%2Fcredit-suisse-to-pay-197-million-in-sec-u-s-client-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan_Shih2013" class="citation news cs1">Han Shih, Toh (20 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1218766/german-prosecutors-investigate-credit-suisse-tax-evasion">"German prosecutors probe Credit Suisse tax evasion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203062049/http://www.scmp.com/business/banking-finance/article/1218766/german-prosecutors-investigate-credit-suisse-tax-evasion">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+China+Morning+Post&rft.atitle=German+prosecutors+probe+Credit+Suisse+tax+evasion&rft.date=2013-04-20&rft.aulast=Han+Shih&rft.aufirst=Toh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scmp.com%2Fbusiness%2Fbanking-finance%2Farticle%2F1218766%2Fgerman-prosecutors-investigate-credit-suisse-tax-evasion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germany_Probes_UBS-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Germany_Probes_UBS_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2012" class="citation news cs1">Crawford, David (8 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324073504578106841475080884">"Germany Probes UBS Staff on Tax-Evasion Allegations"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208033614/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324073504578106841475080884">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Germany+Probes+UBS+Staff+on+Tax-Evasion+Allegations&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887324073504578106841475080884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/credit-suisse-ag-says-not-subject-to-swiss-competition-foreign-exchange-probe/articleshow/33012610.cms">"Credit Suisse AG says not subject to Swiss competition foreign exchange probe"</a>. Economic Times. 31 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140501041307/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/credit-suisse-ag-says-not-subject-to-swiss-competition-foreign-exchange-probe/articleshow/33012610.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+AG+says+not+subject+to+Swiss+competition+foreign+exchange+probe&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fworld-news%2Fcredit-suisse-ag-says-not-subject-to-swiss-competition-foreign-exchange-probe%2Farticleshow%2F33012610.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bank_Settlement-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Bank_Settlement_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/credit-suisse-set-to-plead-guilty-in-tax-evasion-case/">"Credit Suisse Pleads Guilty in Felony Case"</a>. Dealbook – New York Times. 19 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140521093245/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/05/19/credit-suisse-set-to-plead-guilty-in-tax-evasion-case/?_php=true&_type=blogs&ref=business&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+Pleads+Guilty+in+Felony+Case&rft.date=2014-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdealbook.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F05%2F19%2Fcredit-suisse-set-to-plead-guilty-in-tax-evasion-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-busstan-77"><a href="#cite_ref-busstan_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartFreifeldViswana2014" class="citation news cs1">Bart, Katherina; Freifeld, Karen; Viswana, Aruna (22 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/reuters/credit-suisse-guilty-plea-has-little-immediate-impact-as-shares-rise-114052100277_1.html">"Credit Suisse guilty plea has little immediate impact as shares rise"</a>. Business Standard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809220528/http://www.business-standard.com/article/reuters/credit-suisse-guilty-plea-has-little-immediate-impact-as-shares-rise-114052100277_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+guilty+plea+has+little+immediate+impact+as+shares+rise&rft.date=2014-05-22&rft.aulast=Bart&rft.aufirst=Katherina&rft.au=Freifeld%2C+Karen&rft.au=Viswana%2C+Aruna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Freuters%2Fcredit-suisse-guilty-plea-has-little-immediate-impact-as-shares-rise-114052100277_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilmo2015" class="citation news cs1">Milmo, Dan (10 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/mar/10/prudentials-tidjane-thiam-to-take-top-role-at-credit-suisse">"Prudential's Tidjane Thiam to take top role at Credit Suisse"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014831/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/mar/10/prudentials-tidjane-thiam-to-take-top-role-at-credit-suisse">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Prudential%27s+Tidjane+Thiam+to+take+top+role+at+Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.aulast=Milmo&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2015%2Fmar%2F10%2Fprudentials-tidjane-thiam-to-take-top-role-at-credit-suisse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BI-79"><a href="#cite_ref-BI_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanesan" class="citation news cs1">Ganesan, Gayathree. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/credit-suisse-names-new-ceo-of-global-markets-2016-9">"Credit Suisse names new CEO of global markets"</a>. Business Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908171249/http://www.businessinsider.com/credit-suisse-names-new-ceo-of-global-markets-2016-9">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+names+new+CEO+of+global+markets&rft.aulast=Ganesan&rft.aufirst=Gayathree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fcredit-suisse-names-new-ceo-of-global-markets-2016-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkins2018" class="citation news cs1">Atkins, Ralph (5 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/ef6ad7b4-af57-11e8-99ca-68cf89602132">"Switzerland's banks try to put the past behind them"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729010548/https://www.ft.com/content/ef6ad7b4-af57-11e8-99ca-68cf89602132">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Switzerland%27s+banks+try+to+put+the+past+behind+them&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fef6ad7b4-af57-11e8-99ca-68cf89602132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/credit-suisse-rustet-gegen-smartphone-banken-auf">"Credit Suisse rüstet gegen Smartphone-Banken auf"</a>. Handelszeitung (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190906125403/https://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/credit-suisse-rustet-gegen-smartphone-banken-auf">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Handelszeitung&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+r%C3%BCstet+gegen+Smartphone-Banken+auf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.handelszeitung.ch%2Funternehmen%2Fcredit-suisse-rustet-gegen-smartphone-banken-auf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen_Walker2020" class="citation news cs1">Owen Walker (30 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/ab81c3b6-ff76-4c99-9761-7f28f1e52383">"Credit Suisse launches restructuring after trading profit boost"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730103605/https://www.ft.com/content/ab81c3b6-ff76-4c99-9761-7f28f1e52383">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+launches+restructuring+after+trading+profit+boost&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.au=Owen+Walker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fab81c3b6-ff76-4c99-9761-7f28f1e52383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllienHirt2023" class="citation news cs1">Illien, Noele; Hirt, Oliver (9 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-logs-worst-annual-loss-since-global-financial-crisis-2023-02-09/">"Credit Suisse warns of more losses after sliding deep into the red"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209113223/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-logs-worst-annual-loss-since-global-financial-crisis-2023-02-09/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+warns+of+more+losses+after+sliding+deep+into+the+red&rft.date=2023-02-09&rft.aulast=Illien&rft.aufirst=Noele&rft.au=Hirt%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fcredit-suisse-logs-worst-annual-loss-since-global-financial-crisis-2023-02-09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/3605c3fb-973d-440d-88e3-9ddf367bbef2">"Credit Suisse finds 'material weaknesses' in financial reporting controls"</a>. Financial Times. 14 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315142423/https://www.ft.com/content/3605c3fb-973d-440d-88e3-9ddf367bbef2">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+finds+%27material+weaknesses%27+in+financial+reporting+controls&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F3605c3fb-973d-440d-88e3-9ddf367bbef2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIllien2023" class="citation news cs1">Illien, Noele (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-shares-drop-fresh-record-low-cds-widen-2023-03-15/">"Credit Suisse sheds nearly 25%, key backer says no more money"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315134005/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-shares-drop-fresh-record-low-cds-widen-2023-03-15/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+sheds+nearly+25%25%2C+key+backer+says+no+more+money&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Illien&rft.aufirst=Noele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fcredit-suisse-shares-drop-fresh-record-low-cds-widen-2023-03-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrickKowsmannOstroff2023" class="citation news cs1">Patrick, Margot; Kowsmann, Patricia; Ostroff, Caitlin (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/credit-suisse-shares-plunge-as-bank-storm-spreads-to-europe-7251349d">"Credit Suisse Shares Plunge as Bank Storm Spreads to Europe"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153436/https://www.wsj.com/articles/credit-suisse-shares-plunge-as-bank-storm-spreads-to-europe-7251349d">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+Shares+Plunge+as+Bank+Storm+Spreads+to+Europe&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Margot&rft.au=Kowsmann%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Ostroff%2C+Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fcredit-suisse-shares-plunge-as-bank-storm-spreads-to-europe-7251349d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrickKalinKowsmann2023" class="citation news cs1">Patrick, Margot; Kalin, Stephen; Kowsmann, Patricia (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-03-15-2023/card/credit-suisse-stock-price-hits-new-low-as-jitters-mount-aXTBTPBvUgAvRJ0uk6eH?mod=article_inline">"Credit Suisse Stock Price Drops as Much as 30%"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315153437/https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-news-today-03-15-2023/card/credit-suisse-stock-price-hits-new-low-as-jitters-mount-aXTBTPBvUgAvRJ0uk6eH?mod=article_inline">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+Stock+Price+Drops+as+Much+as+30%25&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Margot&rft.au=Kalin%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Kowsmann%2C+Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Flivecoverage%2Fstock-market-news-today-03-15-2023%2Fcard%2Fcredit-suisse-stock-price-hits-new-low-as-jitters-mount-aXTBTPBvUgAvRJ0uk6eH%3Fmod%3Darticle_inline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMakortoffWearden2023" class="citation news cs1">Makortoff, Kalyeena; Wearden, Graeme (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/16/credit-suisse-takes-50bn-loan-from-swiss-central-bank-after-share-price-plunge">"Credit Suisse takes $54bn loan from Swiss central bank after share price plunge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316074806/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/16/credit-suisse-takes-50bn-loan-from-swiss-central-bank-after-share-price-plunge">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+takes+%2454bn+loan+from+Swiss+central+bank+after+share+price+plunge&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Makortoff&rft.aufirst=Kalyeena&rft.au=Wearden%2C+Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2Fmar%2F16%2Fcredit-suisse-takes-50bn-loan-from-swiss-central-bank-after-share-price-plunge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWearden2023" class="citation news cs1">Wearden, Graeme (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2023/mar/16/credit-suisse-borrowing-liquidity-swiss-francs-central-bank-ecb-lagarde-jeremy-hunt-business-live">"Credit Suisse 'takes decisive action' by borrowing up to £41bn from central bank – business live"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316074803/https://www.theguardian.com/business/live/2023/mar/16/credit-suisse-borrowing-liquidity-swiss-francs-central-bank-ecb-lagarde-jeremy-hunt-business-live">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+%27takes+decisive+action%27+by+borrowing+up+to+%C2%A341bn+from+central+bank+%E2%80%93+business+live&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Wearden&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2Flive%2F2023%2Fmar%2F16%2Fcredit-suisse-borrowing-liquidity-swiss-francs-central-bank-ecb-lagarde-jeremy-hunt-business-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2023" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Elliot (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/07/credit-suisse-to-repurchase-3-billion-of-debt-securities.html">"Credit Suisse to buy back $3 billion in debt, sell landmark hotel as credit fears persist"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316123005/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/07/credit-suisse-to-repurchase-3-billion-of-debt-securities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+to+buy+back+%243+billion+in+debt%2C+sell+landmark+hotel+as+credit+fears+persist&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F10%2F07%2Fcredit-suisse-to-repurchase-3-billion-of-debt-securities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoonanMorrisFontanella-KhanMassoudi2023" class="citation news cs1">Noonan, Laura; Morris, Stephen; Fontanella-Khan, James; Massoudi, Arash; Walker, Owen (18 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/5746165a-3a0c-42c7-9a2e-cb7cf5f33f46">"Switzerland prepares emergency measures to deliver UBS takeover of Credit Suisse"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318142147/https://www.ft.com/content/5746165a-3a0c-42c7-9a2e-cb7cf5f33f46">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. 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Financial Times. 18 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318142147/https://www.ft.com/content/5746165a-3a0c-42c7-9a2e-cb7cf5f33f46">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=UBS+and+regulators+rush+to+seal+Credit+Suisse+takeover+deal&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F5746165a-3a0c-42c7-9a2e-cb7cf5f33f46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/credit-suisse-tempesta-mercato-pesa-l-opzione-ubs-AEtEfL6C">"Credit Suisse nella tempesta, il mercato pesa l'opzione Ubs"</a>. ilsole24ore.com. ilsole24ore.com. 18 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230318185517/https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/credit-suisse-tempesta-mercato-pesa-l-opzione-ubs-AEtEfL6C">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+nella+tempesta%2C+il+mercato+pesa+l%27opzione+Ubs&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fcredit-suisse-tempesta-mercato-pesa-l-opzione-ubs-AEtEfL6C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/ubs-e-credit-suisse-trattano-fusione-e-piano-a-il-salvataggio-AEZcsP6C">"Ubs e Credit Suisse trattano la fusione, al lavoro anche le autorità Usa"</a>. ilsole24ore.com. ilsole24ore.com. 18 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319201124/https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/ubs-e-credit-suisse-trattano-fusione-e-piano-a-il-salvataggio-AEZcsP6C">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ubs+e+Credit+Suisse+trattano+la+fusione%2C+al+lavoro+anche+le+autorit%C3%A0+Usa&rft.date=2023-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fubs-e-credit-suisse-trattano-fusione-e-piano-a-il-salvataggio-AEZcsP6C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-18/ubs-is-said-to-seek-swiss-backstop-in-any-credit-suisse-deal?srnd=premium-europe&leadSource=uverify%20wall">"Credit Suisse Crisis Nears Finale as UBS Discussions Heat Up"</a>. Bloomberg. 18 March 2023. 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Bloomberg.com. 19 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319172338/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-19/ubs-agrees-to-buy-credit-suisse-in-historic-deal-to-end-crisis">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=UBS+Agrees+to+Buy+Credit+Suisse+in+Historic+Deal+to+End+Crisis&rft.date=2023-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-03-19%2Fubs-agrees-to-buy-credit-suisse-in-historic-deal-to-end-crisis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_PaoliMorpurgo2023" class="citation web cs1">De Paoli, Lucca; Morpurgo, Giulia (23 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-23/could-credit-suisse-s-at1-bondholders-challenge-writeoff-in-court">"Could Credit Suisse's AT1 Wipeout End Up In Court?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. 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SWI swissinfo.ch. 6 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307142745/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/bloomberg/harris-associates-sells-entire-credit-suisse-stake--ft-says/48334276">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SWI+swissinfo.ch&rft.atitle=Harris+Associates+Sells+Entire+Credit+Suisse+Stake%2C+FT+Says&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Fbloomberg%2Fharris-associates-sells-entire-credit-suisse-stake--ft-says%2F48334276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CS/">"Credit Suisse Group AG (CS)"</a>. Yahoo.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316160726/https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CS">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2023. 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Retrieved 7 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+To+Prop+Up+Insurer+Unit&rft.date=2002-10-03&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F10%2F03%2Fbusiness%2Fcredit-suisse-to-prop-up-insurer-unit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maude2006-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Maude2006_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaude2006" class="citation book cs1">Maude, David (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CBMzXBkjY94C">Global Private Banking and Wealth Management: The New Realities</a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-03053-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-03053-0"><bdi>978-0-470-03053-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Private+Banking+and+Wealth+Management%3A+The+New+Realities&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-470-03053-0&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCBMzXBkjY94C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonaldKeasey2003-118"><a href="#cite_ref-McDonaldKeasey2003_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonaldKeasey2003" class="citation book cs1">McDonald, Oonagh; Keasey, Kevin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKHmw3i8DzIC&pg=PA176">The Future of Retail Banking in Europe: A View from the Top</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-85574-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-85574-4"><bdi>978-0-470-85574-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Retail+Banking+in+Europe%3A+A+View+from+the+Top&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-470-85574-4&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Oonagh&rft.au=Keasey%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKHmw3i8DzIC%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrouhyGalaiMark2000" class="citation journal cs1">Crouhy, Michel; Galai, Dan; Mark, Robert (January 2000). "A comparative analysis of current credit risk models". Journal of Banking & Finance. 24 (1–2): 59–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-4266%2899%2900053-9">10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00053-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Banking+%26+Finance&rft.atitle=A+comparative+analysis+of+current+credit+risk+models&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=59-117&rft.date=2000-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0378-4266%2899%2900053-9&rft.aulast=Crouhy&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Galai%2C+Dan&rft.au=Mark%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2012" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Sam (29 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/41767708-9203-11e1-867e-00144feab49a.html">"Credit Suisse fund plans London float"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120706162918/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/41767708-9203-11e1-867e-00144feab49a.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+fund+plans+London+float&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F41767708-9203-11e1-867e-00144feab49a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plunkett2005-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Plunkett2005_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2005" class="citation book cs1">Plunkett, Jack W. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oc3PhznCxR8C&pg=PT222">Plunkett's Banking, Mortgages and Credit Industry Almanac 2006</a>. Plunkett Research. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59392-381-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59392-381-5"><bdi>978-1-59392-381-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plunkett%27s+Banking%2C+Mortgages+and+Credit+Industry+Almanac+2006&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Plunkett+Research&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-59392-381-5&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Jack+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doc3PhznCxR8C%26pg%3DPT222&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer(ed)2003-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer(ed)2003_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2003" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Layna, ed. 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Future Strategies. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9703509-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9703509-5-4"><bdi>978-0-9703509-5-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excellence+in+Practice%3A+Innovation+and+Excellence+in+Workflow+and+Business+Process+Management&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Future+Strategies&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9703509-5-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpwmx-JMHBI8C%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2012" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Sam (11 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/02b33f3c-3bb0-11e1-bb39-00144feabdc0.html">"Credit Suisse offers trades for eurozone shorting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319201716/https://www.ft.com/content/02b33f3c-3bb0-11e1-bb39-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+offers+trades+for+eurozone+shorting&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F02b33f3c-3bb0-11e1-bb39-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-choices-124"><a href="#cite_ref-choices_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2012" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Sam (17 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/c6e9da2c-2cf1-11e2-9211-00144feabdc0.html">"Investors grapple with sector's multiple choices"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319201705/https://www.ft.com/content/c6e9da2c-2cf1-11e2-9211-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Investors+grapple+with+sector%27s+multiple+choices&rft.date=2012-11-17&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fc6e9da2c-2cf1-11e2-9211-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrasburg2010" class="citation news cs1">Strasburg, Jenny (15 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703376504575491962889003330">"Credit Suisse Adds Heft in Hedge Fund as Rivals Exit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514063820/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703376504575491962889003330">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2015. 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John Wiley & Sons. p. 250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-94563-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-94563-5"><bdi>978-1-119-94563-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hedge+Fund+Modeling+and+Analysis+Using+Excel+and+VBA&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-119-94563-5&rft.aulast=Darbyshire&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Hampton%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaSujcjYygRkC%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seekingalpha.com/article/260579-credit-suisse-s-top-holdings-a-brief-analysis">"Credit Suisse's Top Holdings: A Brief Analysis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Seeking_Alpha" title="Seeking Alpha">Seeking Alpha</a>. 29 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130206013227/http://seekingalpha.com/article/260579-credit-suisse-s-top-holdings-a-brief-analysis">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2013. 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Retrieved 20 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Credit+Suisse+leak+unmasks+criminals%2C+fraudsters+and+corrupt+politicians&rft.date=2022-02-20&rft.aulast=Pegg&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Makortoff%2C+Kalyeena&rft.au=Chulov%2C+Martin&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Paul&rft.au=Harding%2C+Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F20%2Fcredit-suisse-secrets-leak-unmasks-criminals-fraudsters-corrupt-politicians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sampaio-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Sampaio_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSampaio2022" class="citation cs2">Sampaio, Leonardo (December 2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366642221">Suisse Secrets: Credit Suisse's information leak under the Swiss Anti-Money Laundering Act</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suisse+Secrets%3A+Credit+Suisse%27s+information+leak+under+the+Swiss+Anti-Money+Laundering+Act&rft.date=2022-12&rft.aulast=Sampaio&rft.aufirst=Leonardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F366642221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-denies-wrongdoing-after-client-data-leaked-media-2022-02-20/">"Credit Suisse denies wrongdoing after client data leaked to media"</a>. Reuters. 20 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220235924/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-denies-wrongdoing-after-client-data-leaked-media-2022-02-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+denies+wrongdoing+after+client+data+leaked+to+media&rft.date=2022-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fcredit-suisse-denies-wrongdoing-after-client-data-leaked-media-2022-02-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-182"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Robert (2 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/bfea0069-4143-4e4b-accb-9712ce95a282">"Credit Suisse asks investors to destroy oligarch loans documents"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302131452/https://www.ft.com/content/bfea0069-4143-4e4b-accb-9712ce95a282">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+asks+investors+to+destroy+oligarch+loans+documents&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fbfea0069-4143-4e4b-accb-9712ce95a282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick2022" class="citation web cs1">Patrick, Margot (28 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-launch-probe-of-credit-suisse-compliance-with-russia-sanctions-11648475239">"Lawmakers Launch Probe of Credit Suisse Compliance With Russia Sanctions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220328144719/https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-launch-probe-of-credit-suisse-compliance-with-russia-sanctions-11648475239">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Lawmakers+Launch+Probe+of+Credit+Suisse+Compliance+With+Russia+Sanctions&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=Margot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Flawmakers-launch-probe-of-credit-suisse-compliance-with-russia-sanctions-11648475239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Elliot (4 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006022646/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/04/credit-suisse-to-remain-under-pressure-but-analysts-wary-of-lehman-comparison.html">"Credit Suisse to remain 'under pressure' but analysts wary of Lehman comparison"</a>. CNBC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/10/04/credit-suisse-to-remain-under-pressure-but-analysts-wary-of-lehman-comparison.html">the original</a> on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 5 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+to+remain+%27under+pressure%27+but+analysts+wary+of+Lehman+comparison&rft.date=2022-10-04&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F10%2F04%2Fcredit-suisse-to-remain-under-pressure-but-analysts-wary-of-lehman-comparison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2022" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Elliot (7 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2022/10/07/credit-suisse-to-repurchase-3-billion-of-debt-securities.html">"Credit Suisse to buy back $3 billion in debt, sell landmark hotel as credit fears persist"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221007053216/https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2022/10/07/credit-suisse-to-repurchase-3-billion-of-debt-securities.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+to+buy+back+%243+billion+in+debt%2C+sell+landmark+hotel+as+credit+fears+persist&rft.date=2022-10-07&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Elliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Famp%2F2022%2F10%2F07%2Fcredit-suisse-to-repurchase-3-billion-of-debt-securities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-business-stable-chairman-tells-broadcaster-srf-2022-12-05/">"Credit Suisse business is stable, chairman tells broadcaster SRF"</a>. Reuters. 5 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206085112/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-business-stable-chairman-tells-broadcaster-srf-2022-12-05/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+business+is+stable%2C+chairman+tells+broadcaster+SRF&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fcredit-suisse-business-stable-chairman-tells-broadcaster-srf-2022-12-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalftermeyer2022" class="citation web cs1">Halftermeyer, Dinesh Nair and Marion (5 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/saudi-crown-prince-eyes-747m-investment-in-credit-suisse-unit-20221206-p5c3xi.html">"Saudi crown prince eyes $747m investment in Credit Suisse unit"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102220657/https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/saudi-crown-prince-eyes-747m-investment-in-credit-suisse-unit-20221206-p5c3xi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Saudi+crown+prince+eyes+%24747m+investment+in+Credit+Suisse+unit&rft.date=2022-12-05&rft.aulast=Halftermeyer&rft.aufirst=Dinesh+Nair+and+Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fcompanies%2Fsaudi-crown-prince-eyes-747m-investment-in-credit-suisse-unit-20221206-p5c3xi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrentice2023" class="citation news cs1">Prentice, Chris (18 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-hampered-internal-probe-into-nazi-linked-accounts-us-senators-say-2023-04-18/">"Credit Suisse hampered internal probe into Nazi-linked accounts, U.S. senators say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+hampered+internal+probe+into+Nazi-linked+accounts%2C+U.S.+senators+say&rft.date=2023-04-18&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fcredit-suisse-hampered-internal-probe-into-nazi-linked-accounts-us-senators-say-2023-04-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeaten2023" class="citation news cs1">Keaten, Jamey (19 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/credit-suisse-nazi-clients-senate-switzerland-bank-c5a891d541047123cea497d6996efe38">"Credit Suisse faulted over probe of Nazi-linked accounts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 20 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+faulted+over+probe+of+Nazi-linked+accounts&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft.aulast=Keaten&rft.aufirst=Jamey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcredit-suisse-nazi-clients-senate-switzerland-bank-c5a891d541047123cea497d6996efe38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissbankclaims.com">"Swiss Banks Settlement: In re Holocaust Victim Assets Litigation"</a>. Swiss Bank Claims. Retrieved 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swiss+Bank+Claims&rft.atitle=Swiss+Banks+Settlement%3A+In+re+Holocaust+Victim+Assets+Litigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissbankclaims.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Incorporated2008-191"><a href="#cite_ref-Incorporated2008_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hqT-qqAGb-sC&pg=PA35">25 Top Financial Services Firms</a>. WetFeet. 2008. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58207-801-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58207-801-4"><bdi>978-1-58207-801-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=25+Top+Financial+Services+Firms&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=WetFeet&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58207-801-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhqT-qqAGb-sC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-20/ex-credit-suisse-bankers-weigh-legal-fights-over-bonus-clawbacks">"Ex-Credit Suisse Bankers Weigh Legal Fights Over Bonus Clawbacks"</a>. Bloomberg.com. 20 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230120121203/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-20/ex-credit-suisse-bankers-weigh-legal-fights-over-bonus-clawbacks">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Ex-Credit+Suisse+Bankers+Weigh+Legal+Fights+Over+Bonus+Clawbacks&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2023-01-20%2Fex-credit-suisse-bankers-weigh-legal-fights-over-bonus-clawbacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-pay-upfront-bonus-top-staff-bloomberg-2023-01-18/">"Credit Suisse to pay upfront bonus to top staff -Bloomberg"</a>. Reuters. 18 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123112943/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/credit-suisse-pay-upfront-bonus-top-staff-bloomberg-2023-01-18/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Credit+Suisse+to+pay+upfront+bonus+to+top+staff+-Bloomberg&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fcredit-suisse-pay-upfront-bonus-top-staff-bloomberg-2023-01-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srf.ch/news/wirtschaft/credit-suisse-vor-uebernahme-das-war-die-letzte-generalversammlung-der-credit-suisse">"Das war die letzte Generalversammlung der Credit Suisse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Schweizer_Radio_und_Fernsehen" title="Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen">Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen</a> (in German). 4 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schweizer+Radio+und+Fernsehen&rft.atitle=Das+war+die+letzte+Generalversammlung+der+Credit+Suisse&rft.date=2023-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srf.ch%2Fnews%2Fwirtschaft%2Fcredit-suisse-vor-uebernahme-das-war-die-letzte-generalversammlung-der-credit-suisse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACredit+Suisse" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Credit Suisse at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Credit_Suisse" class="extiw" title="c:category:Credit Suisse">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372657" class="extiw" title="d:Q372657">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.credit-suisse.com/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372657#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Business data for Credit Suisse: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CS:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/NYSE:CS">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/CS">Reuters</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=CS">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CS">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Credit_Suisse" title="Template:Credit Suisse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Credit_Suisse" title="Template talk:Credit Suisse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Credit_Suisse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Credit Suisse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Credit_Suisse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Credit Suisse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Escher" title="Alfred Escher">Alfred Escher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Lehmann" title="Axel Lehmann">Axel Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Isidro_Camacho" title="Jose Isidro Camacho">Jose Isidro Camacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Murley" title="Robert S. Murley">Robert S. Murley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_K%C3%B6rner" title="Ulrich Körner">Ulrich Körner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adebayo_Ogunlesi" title="Adebayo Ogunlesi">Adebayo Ogunlesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Horta-Os%C3%B3rio" title="António Horta-Osório">António Horta-Osório</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brady_Dougan" title="Brady Dougan">Brady Dougan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Mack" title="John J. Mack">John J. Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_McDonagh" title="Francesca McDonagh">Francesca McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukas_M%C3%BChlemann" title="Lukas Mühlemann">Lukas Mühlemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Gr%C3%BCbel" title="Oswald Grübel">Oswald Grübel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Calello" title="Paul Calello">Paul Calello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Genillard" title="Robert L. Genillard">Robert L. Genillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gottstein" title="Thomas Gottstein">Thomas Gottstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidjane_Thiam" title="Tidjane Thiam">Tidjane Thiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Rohner" title="Urs Rohner">Urs Rohner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_Suisse_First_Boston" title="Credit Suisse First Boston">Credit Suisse First Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICBC_Credit_Suisse_Asset_Management" title="ICBC Credit Suisse Asset Management">ICBC Credit Suisse Asset Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_Portfolio_Servicing" title="Select Portfolio Servicing">Select Portfolio Servicing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APriori_Capital_Partners" title="APriori Capital Partners">APriori Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avista_Capital_Partners" title="Avista Capital Partners">Avista Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Castle_Holdings" title="Diamond Castle Holdings">Diamond Castle Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DynamicOps" title="DynamicOps">DynamicOps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qube_Research_%26_Technologies" title="Qube Research & Technologies">Qube Research & Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterthur_Group" title="Winterthur Group">Winterthur Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valcambi" title="Valcambi">Valcambi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Garantia" title="Banco Garantia">Banco Garantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Leu" title="Bank Leu">Bank Leu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clariden_Leu" title="Clariden Leu">Clariden Leu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donaldson,_Lufkin_%26_Jenrette" title="Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette">Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Boston" title="First Boston">First Boston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Cabot_Square" title="1 Cabot Square">1 Cabot Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Credit_Suisse_by_UBS" title="Acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS">Acquisition of Credit Suisse by UBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisse_Secrets" title="Suisse Secrets">Suisse Secrets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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Switzerland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banks_of_Switzerland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banks of Switzerland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Banks_of_Switzerland_23x16px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Switzerland&#124;link=Switzerland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Switzerland" title="Banking in Switzerland">Banks of Switzerland</a> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, 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Switzerland">Alternative Bank Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Cler" title="Bank Cler">Bank Cler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostFinance" title="PostFinance">PostFinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migros_Bank" title="Migros Bank">Migros Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiffeisen_(Switzerland)" title="Raiffeisen (Switzerland)">Raiffeisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissquote" title="Swissquote">Swissquote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Credit Suisse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_bank" title="Cantonal bank">Cantonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aargauische_Kantonalbank" title="Aargauische Kantonalbank">Aargauische Kantonalbank</a> (AKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appenzeller_Kantonalbank" title="Appenzeller Kantonalbank">Appenzeller Kantonalbank</a> (APPKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banca_dello_Stato_del_Cantone_Ticino" title="Banca dello Stato del Cantone Ticino">Banca dello Stato del Cantone Ticino</a> (BancaStato)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berner_Kantonalbank" title="Berner Kantonalbank">Berner Kantonalbank</a> (BEKB/BCBE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_cantonale_de_Fribourg" title="Banque cantonale de Fribourg">Banque cantonale de Fribourg</a> (BCF/FKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_cantonale_de_Gen%C3%A8ve" title="Banque cantonale de Genève">Banque cantonale de Genève</a> (BCGE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_cantonale_du_Jura" title="Banque cantonale du Jura">Banque cantonale du Jura</a> (BCJU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_cantonale_du_Valais" title="Banque cantonale du Valais">Banque cantonale du Valais</a> (BCVS/BWKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_cantonale_neuch%C3%A2teloise" title="Banque cantonale neuchâteloise">Banque cantonale neuchâteloise</a> (BCN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_cantonale_vaudoise" title="Banque cantonale vaudoise">Banque cantonale vaudoise</a> (BCV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basellandschaftliche_Kantonalbank" title="Basellandschaftliche Kantonalbank">Basellandschaftliche Kantonalbank</a> (BLKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basler_Kantonalbank" title="Basler Kantonalbank">Basler Kantonalbank</a> (BKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glarner_Kantonalbank" title="Glarner Kantonalbank">Glarner Kantonalbank</a> (GLKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graub%C3%BCndner_Kantonalbank" title="Graubündner Kantonalbank">Graubündner Kantonalbank</a> (GKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzerner_Kantonalbank" title="Luzerner Kantonalbank">Luzerner Kantonalbank</a> (LUKB)</li> <li>Nidwaldner Kantonabank (NWKB)</li> <li>Obwaldner Kantonalbank (OWKB)</li> <li>St.Galler Kantonalbank (SGKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhauser_Kantonalbank" title="Schaffhauser Kantonalbank">Schaffhauser Kantonalbank</a> (SHKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwyzer_Kantonalbank" title="Schwyzer Kantonalbank">Schwyzer Kantonalbank</a> (SZKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgauer_Kantonalbank" title="Thurgauer Kantonalbank">Thurgauer Kantonalbank</a> (TKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urner_Kantonalbank" title="Urner Kantonalbank">Urner Kantonalbank</a> (URKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuger_Kantonalbank" title="Zuger Kantonalbank">Zuger Kantonalbank</a> (ZugerKB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurich_Cantonal_Bank" title="Zurich Cantonal Bank">Zurich Cantonal Bank</a> (ZKB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Private_bank" title="Private bank">Private</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Lombard_Odier_%26_Co" title="Bank Lombard Odier & Co">Bank Lombard Odier & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banque_Bonh%C3%B4te" title="Banque Bonhôte">Banque Bonhôte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_de_Rothschild_Group" title="Edmond de Rothschild Group">Banque privée Edmond de Rothschild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIM_Bank" title="CIM Bank">CIM Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFG_International" title="EFG International">EFG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduja_Bank_(Switzerland)" title="Hinduja Bank (Switzerland)">Hinduja Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Safra_Sarasin" title="J. Safra Sarasin">J. Safra Sarasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group" title="Julius Baer Group">Julius Baer Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabaud_Group" title="Mirabaud Group">Mirabaud Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictet_Group" title="Pictet Group">The Pictet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REYL_%26_Cie" title="REYL & Cie">REYL & Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Bancaire_Priv%C3%A9e" title="Union Bancaire Privée">Union Bancaire Privée</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSI_Ltd" title="BSI Ltd">BSI Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Bank_Corporation" title="Swiss Bank Corporation">Swiss Bank Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toggenburger_Bank" title="Toggenburger Bank">Toggenburger Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Investment_banks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Investment_banks" title="Template:Investment banks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Investment_banks" title="Template talk:Investment banks"><abbr title="Discuss this 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Bradesco" title="Banco Bradesco">Bradesco BBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMO_Capital_Markets" title="BMO Capital Markets">BMO Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIBC_World_Markets" class="mw-redirect" title="CIBC World Markets">CIBC World Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ita%C3%BA_Unibanco" title="Itaú Unibanco">Itaú BBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Canada" title="National Bank of Canada">National Bank Financial Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RBC_Capital_Markets" title="RBC Capital Markets">RBC Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotiabank" title="Scotiabank">Scotiabank GBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Securities" title="TD Securities">TD Securities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TD_Cowen" title="TD Cowen">TD Cowen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Fargo" title="Wells Fargo">Wells Fargo Securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banca_Akros" title="Banca Akros">Banca Akros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banca_IMI" title="Banca IMI">Banca IMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas_CIB" title="BNP Paribas CIB">BNP Paribas CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Agricole_Corporate_and_Investment_Bank" title="Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank">Crédit Agricole CIB</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Credit Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danske_Bank" title="Danske Bank">Danske Bank LC&I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Abu_Dhabi_Bank" title="First Abu Dhabi Bank">First Abu Dhabi Bank CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handelsbanken" title="Handelsbanken">Handelsbanken Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC GBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING_Group" title="ING Group">ING WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F_Yat%C4%B1r%C4%B1m" title="İş Yatırım">İş Yatırım</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Bank_Corporate_Markets" title="Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets">Lloyds Bank Corporate Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natixis" class="mw-redirect" title="Natixis">Natixis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatWest_Markets" title="NatWest Markets">NatWest Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordea" title="Nordea">Nordea CI&IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Santander" title="Banco Santander">Santander CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sberbank_CIB" title="Sberbank CIB">Sberbank CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEB_Group" title="SEB Group">SEB LC&FI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered CCIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UniCredit" title="UniCredit">UniCredit CIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTB_Capital" title="VTB Capital">VTB Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">APAC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BOC_International" title="BOC International">BOC International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITIC_Securities" title="CITIC Securities">CITIC Securities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CLSA" title="CLSA">CLSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSC_Financial" title="CSC Financial">CSC Financial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_UFJ_Securities" title="Mitsubishi UFJ Securities">Mitsubishi UFJ Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Securities" title="Mizuho Securities">Mizuho Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NH_Investment_%26_Securities" title="NH Investment & Securities">NH Investment & Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBI_Capital_Markets" title="SBI Capital Markets">SBI Capital Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMBC_Nikko_Securities" title="SMBC Nikko Securities">SMBC Nikko Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UOB-Kay_Hian" title="UOB-Kay Hian">UOB-Kay Hian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Independents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Bulge bracket</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Company" title="Allen & Company">Allen & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.C._Ziegler" title="B.C. Ziegler">B.C. Ziegler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Riley_Financial" title="B. Riley Financial">B. Riley Financial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FBR_Capital_Markets" title="FBR Capital Markets">FBR Capital Markets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baird_(investment_bank)" title="Baird (investment bank)">Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BDT_%26_MSD_Partners" title="BDT & MSD Partners">BDT & MSD Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Brothers Harriman">Brown Brothers Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Gibbons_Lang_%26_Company" title="Brown Gibbons Lang & Company">Brown Gibbons Lang & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTG_Pactual" title="BTG Pactual">BTG Pactual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaccord_Genuity" title="Canaccord Genuity">Canaccord Genuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_Fitzgerald" title="Cantor Fitzgerald">Cantor Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerview_Partners" title="Centerview Partners">Centerview Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drexel_Hamilton" title="Drexel Hamilton">Drexel Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducera_Partners" title="Ducera Partners">Ducera Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercore" title="Evercore">Evercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Technology_Partners" title="Financial Technology Partners">Financial Technology Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhill_%26_Co." title="Greenhill & Co.">Greenhill & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Partners" title="Guggenheim Partners">Guggenheim Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Williams_%26_Co." title="Harris Williams & Co.">Harris Williams & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houlihan_Lokey" title="Houlihan Lokey">Houlihan Lokey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferies_Group" title="Jefferies Group">Jefferies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazard" title="Lazard">Lazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leerink_Partners" title="Leerink Partners">Leerink Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_International" title="Lincoln International">Lincoln International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LionTree" title="LionTree">LionTree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Capital" title="Marathon Capital">Marathon Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moelis_%26_Company" title="Moelis & Company">Moelis & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needham_%26_Company" title="Needham & Company">Needham & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_Holdings" title="Oppenheimer Holdings">Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perella_Weinberg_Partners" title="Perella Weinberg Partners">Perella Weinberg Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Sandler" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper Sandler">Piper Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJT_Partners" title="PJT Partners">PJT Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatalyst_Partners" title="Qatalyst Partners">Qatalyst Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Raine_Group" title="The Raine Group">The Raine Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_James_Financial" title="Raymond James Financial">Raymond James Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roth_Capital_Partners" title="Roth Capital Partners">Roth Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seabury_Capital" title="Seabury Capital">Seabury Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Partners" title="Solomon Partners">Solomon Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_Inc." title="Stephens Inc.">Stephens Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stifel" title="Stifel">Stifel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keefe,_Bruyette_%26_Woods" title="Keefe, Bruyette & Woods">Keefe, Bruyette & Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Buckfire_%26_Co." title="Miller Buckfire & Co.">Miller Buckfire & Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Key_Partners" title="Stone Key Partners">Stone Key Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedbush_Securities" title="Wedbush Securities">Wedbush Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blair_%26_Company" title="William Blair & Company">William Blair & Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_Hambrecht_%2B_Co" title="WR Hambrecht + Co">WR Hambrecht + Co</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">EMEA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbuthnot_Latham" title="Arbuthnot Latham">Arbuthnot Latham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Alliance_Investment_Bank" title="African Alliance Investment Bank">AAIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABG_Sundal_Collier" title="ABG Sundal Collier">ABG Sundal Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenberg_Bank" title="Berenberg Bank">Berenberg Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bpifrance" title="Bpifrance">Bpifrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Investment_Bank" title="Carnegie Investment Bank">Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFG_Hermes" class="mw-redirect" title="EFG Hermes">EFG Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investec" title="Investec">Investec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Lanschot_Kempen" title="Van Lanschot Kempen">Kempen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediobanca" title="Mediobanca">Mediobanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numis" title="Numis">Numis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Capital_(Russian_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Capital (Russian company)">Renaissance Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robey_Warshaw" title="Robey Warshaw">Robey Warshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild_%26_Co" title="Rothschild & Co">Rothschild & Co</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoui_%26_Co." title="Zaoui & Co.">Zaoui & Co.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">APAC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrenjoey_Capital_Partners" title="Barrenjoey Capital Partners">Barrenjoey Capital Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Galaxy_Securities" title="China Galaxy Securities">China Galaxy Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Capital_Corporation" title="China International Capital Corporation">China International Capital Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Renaissance" title="China Renaissance">China Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daiwa_Securities_Group" title="Daiwa Securities Group">Daiwa Securities Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everbright_Securities" title="Everbright Securities">Everbright Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GF_Securities" title="GF Securities">GF Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guosen_Securities" title="Guosen Securities">Guosen Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guotai_Junan_Securities" title="Guotai Junan Securities">Guotai Junan Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitong_Securities" title="Haitong Securities">Haitong Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huatai_Securities" title="Huatai Securities">Huatai Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JM_Financial" title="JM Financial">JM Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macquarie_Group" title="Macquarie Group">Macquarie Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirae_Asset_Securities" title="Mirae Asset Securities">Mirae Asset Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomura_Securities" title="Nomura Securities">Nomura Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Securities" title="Orient Securities">Orient Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Securities" title="Samsung Securities">Samsung Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwan_Hongyuan" title="Shenwan Hongyuan">Shenwan Hongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerley_Capital" title="Somerley Capital">Somerley Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongtai_Securities" title="Zhongtai Securities">Zhongtai Securities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNY" class="mw-redirect" title="BNY">BNY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Brothers_Harriman" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown Brothers Harriman">Brown Brothers Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citi" class="mw-redirect" title="Citi">Citi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Credit Suisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Morgan">J.P. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizuho_Bank" title="Mizuho Bank">Mizuho Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUFG" class="mw-redirect" title="MUFG">MUFG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Trust" title="Northern Trust">Northern Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation" title="Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation">SMBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="State Street Bank">State Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/19px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/29px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/All-currency-symbol.svg/38px-All-currency-symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="54" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Banks" title="Portal:Banks">Banks</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372657#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000040487328X">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106737829">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154496717">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10003624-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50017132">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15517282b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15517282b">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007585411405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/045043">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Credit_Suisse&params=47_22_12_N_08_32_19_E_">47°22′12″N 08°32′19″E / 47.37000°N 8.53861°E / 47.37000; 8.53861</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Credit_Suisse&oldid=1229874401">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Credit_Suisse&oldid=1229874401</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Credit_Suisse" title="Category:Credit Suisse">Credit Suisse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1856_establishments_in_Switzerland" title="Category:1856 establishments in Switzerland">1856 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