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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Brahmic_scripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Brahmic_scripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other Brahmic scripts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_Brahmic_scripts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other Brahmic scripts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_Brahmic_scripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Burmese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burmese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Burmese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burmese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Javanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Javanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Javanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Javanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kannada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kannada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kannada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kannada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Khmer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Khmer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Khmer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Khmer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Lao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malayalam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malayalam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Malayalam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malayalam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Odia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sinhala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinhala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Sinhala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinhala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tamil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Tamil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Telugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Thai</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%83" title="ঃ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ঃ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="বিসর্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিসর্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarg" title="Visarg – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Visarg" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Βισάργκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βισάργκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="विसर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विसर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisarga" title="Wisarga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wisarga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="വിസർഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിസർഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="विसर्ग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विसर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC" title="ヴィサルガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィサルガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Visarga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Висарга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Висарга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="विसर्गः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विसर्गः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="วิสรรชนีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิสรรชนีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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It was also called, equivalently, <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">visarjanīya</i></span></i> by earlier grammarians. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Transliteration </th> <th>Symbol </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO 15919</a> / <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ḥ</i></span>⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard-Kyoto" title="Harvard-Kyoto">Harvard-Kyoto</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap">⟨H⟩</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Visarga is an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/r/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span> in <a href="/wiki/Pausa" title="Pausa">pausa</a> (at the end of an <a href="/wiki/Utterance" title="Utterance">utterance</a>). Since <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/-s/</span> is a common inflectional <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> (of nominative singular, second person singular, etc.), visarga appears frequently in Sanskrit texts. In the traditional order of Sanskrit sounds, visarga and <a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvāra</a> appear between vowels and stop consonants. </p><p>The precise pronunciation of visarga in Vedic texts may vary between <a href="/wiki/Shakha" title="Shakha">Śākhās</a>. Some pronounce a slight echo of the preceding vowel after the aspiration: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">aḥ</i></span> will be pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐhᵄ]</span>, and <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">iḥ</i></span> will be pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ihⁱ]</span>. Visarga is not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The visarga is commonly found in writing, resembling the punctuation mark of colon or as two tiny circles one above the other. This form is retained by most <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indian scripts</a>. </p><p>According to Sanskrit phonologists, the visarga has two optional <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a>, namely <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">जिह्वामूलीय</span></span> (<i>jihvāmūlīya</i> or the guttural visarga) and <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">उपध्मानीय</span></span> (<i>upadhmānīya</i> or the fricative visarga). The former may be pronounced before <span class="nowrap">⟨क⟩</span>, <span class="nowrap">⟨ख⟩</span>, and the latter before <span class="nowrap">⟨प⟩</span>, and <span class="nowrap">⟨फ⟩</span>, as in <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">तव पितामहः कः</span></span> (<i>tava pitāmahaḥ kaḥ?</i>, 'who is your grandfather?'), <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">पक्षिणः खे उड्डयन्ते</span></span> (<i>pakṣiṇaḥ khe uḍḍayante</i>, 'birds fly in the sky'), <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">भोः पाहि</span></span> (<i>bhoḥ pāhi</i>, 'sir, save me'), and <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">तपःफलम्</span></span> (<i>tapaḥphalam</i>, 'result of penances'). They were written with various symbols, e.g. X-like symbol vs sideways 3-like symbol above flipped sideways one, or both as two crescent-shaped semi-circles one above the other, facing the top and bottom respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distinct signs for <i>jihavamulīya</i> and <i>upadhmanīya</i> exists in <a href="/wiki/Kannada_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada alphabet">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81rad%C4%81_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāradā script">Sharada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi alphabet">Brahmi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranjana_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranjana alphabet">Lantsa</a> scripts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Brahmic_scripts">Other Brahmic scripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other Brahmic scripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burmese">Burmese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Burmese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Burmese script">Burmese script</a>, the visarga (variously called <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ရှေ့ကပေါက်</span></span> <i>shay ga pauk</i>, <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ဝစ္စနစ်လုံးပေါက်</span></span> <i>wizza nalone pauk</i>, or <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">ရှေ့ဆီး</span></span> <i>shay zi</i> and represented with two dots to the right of the letter as <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">း</span></span>), when joined to a letter, creates the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language#Tones" title="Burmese language">high tone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese">Japanese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ script</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motoori_Norinaga_Visarga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Motoori_Norinaga_Visarga.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="98" data-file-height="75" /></a><figcaption>The Visarga mark used by Motoori.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Motoori_Norinaga" title="Motoori Norinaga">Motoori Norinaga</a> invented a mark for visarga which he used in a book about Indian orthography. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Javanese">Javanese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Javanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese script</a>, the visarga (known as the <i>wignyan</i> (<span title="Javanese-language text"><span lang="jv">ꦮꦶꦒ꧀ꦚꦤ꧀</span></span>)) is represented by a two curls to the right of a syllable as <span class="script-javanese" style="font-family: ' Noto Sans Javanese'">ꦃ</span>: the first curl is short and circular, and the second curl is long. It adds a /<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">-h</a>/ after a vowel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kannada">Kannada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kannada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada script</a>, the visarga (which is called visarga) is represented with two small circles to the right of a letter ಃ. It adds an <i>aḥ</i> sound to the end of the letter. </p><p>This script also has separate symbols for <i>ardhavisarga</i> absent in most other scripts, jihvamuliya, <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ೱ</span></span>, and upadhmaniya, <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">ೲ</span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khmer">Khmer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Khmer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer script</a>, the visarga (known as the <i>reăhmŭkh</i> (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">រះមុខ</span></span>; "shining face")) indicates an <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">aspirated</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʰ/</span> sound added after a syllable. It is represented with two small circles at the right of a letter as <span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">ះ</span></span>, and it should not be confused with the similar-looking <i>yŭkôlpĭntŭ</i> (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">យុគលពិន្ទុ</span></span>; "pair of dots"), which indicates a short vowel followed by a glottal stop like their equivalent visarga marks in the <a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lao_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Lao alphabet">Lao</a> scripts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lao">Lao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Lao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao script</a>, the visarga is represented with two small curled circles to the right of a letter as <span title="Lao-language text"><span lang="lo">◌ະ</span></span>. As in the neighboring related <a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai script</a>, it indicates a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> after the vowel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malayalam">Malayalam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Malayalam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam script</a>, the visarga is represented with two small circles to the right of a letter as <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ഃ</span></span>. It indicates a /h/ after a letter. Visarga is considered as a vowel in Malayalam, where its independent form is written as അഃ. Unlike other languages, visarga need not necessarily occur at the end of a word. Examples include ദുഃഖം, മനഃപ്രയാസം, പുനഃസൃഷ്ടി. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odia">Odia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Odia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia script</a>, the visarga is represented with a vertical infinity sign to the right of a letter as <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଃ</span></span>. It indicates the post-vocalic voiceless glottal fricative <i>aḥ</i> [h] sound after the letter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinhala">Sinhala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sinhala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala script</a>, visarga is represented with two small circle to the right of a letter as ඃ. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamil">Tamil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tamil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil script</a>, similar to visarga (which is called <i>āyuta eḻuttu</i> (<span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஆயுத எழுத்து</span></span>), <i>āytam</i> (<span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஆய்தம்</span></span>), <i>muppāl puḷḷi</i>, <i>taṉinilai</i>, <i>aḵkēṉam</i>, <i>ak</i>), transliterated as <i><b>ḵ</b></i>, is represented with three small circles to the right of a letter as <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃ</span></span>. Its used to transcribe an archaic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> sound inherited from the proto Dravidian *H that has either become silent or geminates the next letter in unlearnt speech, or pronounced as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> in careful speech. Like Sanskrit, it cannot add on to any letter and add aspiration to them. It should be always placed between a single short vowel and a hard consonant (<span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">க்</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ச்</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ட்</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">த்</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ப்</span></span>, <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ற்</span></span>) for example <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">அஃது</span></span> (a<b>ḵ</b>tu), <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:எஃகு">எஃகு</a></span></span> (e<b>ḵ</b>ku). The āytam in modern Tamil is used to transcribe foreign phones like ஃப் (ஃp) for [f], ஃஜ (ஃj) for [z], ஃஸ (ஃs) for [z, ʒ] and ஃக (ஃk) for [x], similar to a nuqta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telugu">Telugu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Telugu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu script</a>, the visarga (which is called visarga) is represented with two small circles to the right of a letter <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ః</span></span>. It brings an "ah" sound to the end of the letter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thai">Thai</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Thai"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai script</a>, the visarga (known as the <i>visanchani</i> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">วิสรรชนีย์</span></span>) or <i>nom nang thangkhu</i> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">นมนางทั้งคู่</span></span>)) is represented with two small curled circles to the right of a letter as <span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">◌ะ</span></span>. It represents a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> that follows the affected vowel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visarga&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Latin, Cyrillic and Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌́ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̋ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_acute_accent" title="Double acute accent">double acute</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᷄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_apex" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese apex">apex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̆ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̑ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverted_breve" title="Inverted breve">inverted breve</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caron" title="Caron">caron, háček</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̧ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">cedilla</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̈ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diaeresis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">umlaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Two_dots_(diacritic)" title="Two dots (diacritic)">other</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̇ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̣ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">dot</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̀ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̏ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_grave_accent" title="Double grave accent">double grave</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̉ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hook_above" title="Hook above">hook above</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̡ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̢ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_hook" title="Palatal hook">palatal hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant#Transcription" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex hook</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̛ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Horn_(diacritic)" title="Horn (diacritic)">horn</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ͅ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Iota_subscript" title="Iota subscript">iota subscript</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̨ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek">ogonek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nosin%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Nosinė">nosinė</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̊ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̥ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Overring" title="Ring (diacritic)">overring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Underring" title="Ring (diacritic)">underring</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">perispomene</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sicilicus" title="Sicilicus">sicilicus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌῾ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᾿ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Rough_breathing" title="Rough breathing">rough breathing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_breathing" title="Smooth breathing">smooth breathing</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet#Numerals,_diacritics_and_punctuation" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Kamora_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamora (diacritic)">kamora</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҇ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pokrytie" title="Pokrytie">pokrytie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titlo</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ं</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ং</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଂ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ം</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvara</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ऽ</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ഽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">྅</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Avagraha" title="Avagraha">avagraha</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ँ</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఁ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">ྃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Chandrabindu" title="Chandrabindu">chandrabindu</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">़</span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Nuqta" title="Nuqta">nuqta</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">्</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">്</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">్</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">್</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">්</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">်</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ः</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">visarga</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">Arabic diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Greek diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet#Other_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">Gurmukhī diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_diacritics" title="Hebrew diacritics">Hebrew diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Diacritics" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">diacritics in IPA</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kana#Diacritics" title="Kana">kana diacritics</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゙</span></span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゚</span></span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">dakuten, handakuten</a></span></span> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_alphabet#Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmer diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Latin_alphabet_and_romanization" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet#Other_symbols_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai diacritics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marks used as diacritics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌’ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̸ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(diacritic)" title="Bar (diacritic)">bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌: </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)#Diacritical_usage" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌, </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma#Diacritical_usage" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌. </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop/period</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌˗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌′ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-diacritic uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ^ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caret (computing)">caret (computing)</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ° </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ~ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde#Mathematics" title="Tilde">tilde § Mathematics</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_circle" title="Dotted circle">dotted circle</a> (placeholder glyph character)</span></span> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character#Unicode_ranges" title="Combining character">combining character § Unicode ranges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>See also: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_terms_with_diacritical_marks" title="English terms with diacritical marks">English terms with diacritical marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Metal umlaut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Diacritics" title="Category:Diacritics">Category: Diacritics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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