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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Muokkaa </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fi" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="noprint article-about-box" style="background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9 ); color: var( --color-emphasized, #000000 ); font-size: 95%; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 2em; margin-bottom: 1em; border: 1px solid #b6b6b6;"> Tämä artikkeli käsittelee valtiota. Ranska voi tarkoittaa myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">ranskan kieltä</a>. </div> Ranskan tasavalta (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">ransk.</a> République française) eli Ranska (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">ransk.</a> France, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r20327162">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Chrysanthi Unicode","Doulos SIL",Gentium,GentiumAlt,Code2000,"TITUS Cyberbit Basic","DejaVu Sans","Bitstream Cyberbit","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Matrix Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none}</style>[fʁɑ̃s]) on valtio, joka koostuu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Eurooppa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Länsi-Eurooppa">Länsi-Euroopassa</a> sijaitsevasta ydinalueesta sekä useista <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_merentakaiset_alueet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan merentakaiset alueet">merentakaisista alueista</a>. <table class="infobox" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="font-size:92%;border-collapse: collapse; border-collapse: collapse; width: 22em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:15px; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color: #DDDDFF; color: #000000; padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; line-height: 120%;"><big>Ranskan tasavalta</big> République française</th> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="2" style="border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> <div class="center"> <table style="background: transparent; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 120px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lippu"><img alt="Lippu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/125px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/188px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/250px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></td> <td style="width: 120px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Vaakuna"><img alt="Vaakuna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%25C3%25A9publique_fran%25C3%25A7aise.svg/113px-Armoiries_r%25C3%25A9publique_fran%25C3%25A7aise.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%25C3%25A9publique_fran%25C3%25A7aise.svg/150px-Armoiries_r%25C3%25A9publique_fran%25C3%25A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199"></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> <div class="center"> <table style="background: transparent; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 120px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_lippu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan lippu">lippu</a></td> <td style="width: 120px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_vaakuna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan vaakuna">vaakuna</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:EU-France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Manner-Ranskan sijainti"><img alt="Manner-Ranskan sijainti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-France.svg/250px-EU-France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-France.svg/375px-EU-France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-France.svg/500px-EU-France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720"></a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Outre-mer_en.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ranskan merentakaisten alueiden sijainti"><img alt="Ranskan merentakaisten alueiden sijainti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/250px-Outre-mer_en.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/375px-Outre-mer_en.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/500px-Outre-mer_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="740"></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22718453">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li> <div class="legend">   Manner-Ranska </div></li> <li> <div class="legend">   Euroopan unionin jäsenmaat </div></li> <li> <div class="legend">   Ranskan merentakaiset alueet </div></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Valtiomuoto</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semipresidentialismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semipresidentialismi">puolipresidentillinen</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tasavalta">tasavalta</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_tasavallan_presidentti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan tasavallan presidentti">Presidentti</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan pääministeri">Pääministeri</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Barnier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Pääkaupunki</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisi">Pariisi</a> (n. 2,2 miljoonaa as.) <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language%3Dfi%26pagename%3DRanska%26params%3D48_49_N_02_29_E_">48°49′N, 02°29′E</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Muita kaupunkeja</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22718453"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> (n. 850 000 as.)</li> <li><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (n. 500 000 as.)</li> <li><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toulouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> (n. 450 000 as.)</li> <li><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lille">Lille</a> (n. 225 000 as.)</li> <li><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nizza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nizza">Nizza</a> (n. 345 500 as.)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Pinta-ala</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– yhteensä</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">643 801 km² (koko alue) 551 500 km² (France métropolitaine) <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_valtioista_pinta-alan_mukaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luettelo valtioista pinta-alan mukaan">sijalla 42</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– josta sisävesiä</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">3 374 km²</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Väkiluku (2021)</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">67 422 000 (koko alue)<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population-2">[2]</a> 65 252 000 (France métropolitaine)<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population_metropolitaine-3">[3]</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_valtioista_v%C3%A4kiluvun_mukaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luettelo valtioista väkiluvun mukaan">sijalla 21</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4est%C3%B6tiheys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Väestötiheys">väestötiheys</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">118 as. / km²</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– väestönkasvu</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">0,25 % <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population-2">[2]</a> (2020)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virallinen_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virallinen kieli">Viralliset kielet</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">ranska</a> (français)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Lukutaito</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">99</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Valuutta</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruttokansantuote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruttokansantuote">BKT</a> (2024)</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– yhteensä</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">3 130 mrd. USD <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ImfEuro-4">[4]</a>  (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_valtioista_bruttokansantuotteen_mukaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luettelo valtioista bruttokansantuotteen mukaan">sijalla 5</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– per asukas</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">47 360 USD <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ImfEuro-4">[4]</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_valtioista_asukaskohtaisen_bruttokansantuotteen_mukaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luettelo valtioista asukaskohtaisen bruttokansantuotteen mukaan">sijalla 20</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inhimillisen_kehityksen_indeksi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inhimillisen kehityksen indeksi">HDI</a> (2018)</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">0,893 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_valtioista_inhimillisen_kehityksen_indeksin_mukaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luettelo valtioista inhimillisen kehityksen indeksin mukaan">sijalla 20.</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Elinkeinorakenne (BKT:sta)</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maatalous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maatalous">maatalous</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">1,7 % <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teollisuus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teollisuus">teollisuus</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">18,6 % <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palvelusektori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palvelusektori">palvelut</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">79,7 % <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aikavy%C3%B6hyke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aikavyöhyke">Aikavyöhyke</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">UTC+1</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– kesäaika</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">UTC+2</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Itsenäisyys  – <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rooman_valtakunta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rooman valtakunta">Rooman valtakunnasta</a>  – <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdunin_sopimus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdunin sopimus">Verdunin rauha</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"> 486 843</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166">Lyhenne</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">FR</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajoneuvon_kansallisuustunnus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajoneuvon kansallisuustunnus">ajoneuvot</a>:</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">F</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">– <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_lentokoneiden_maatunnuksista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luettelo lentokoneiden maatunnuksista">lentokoneet</a>:</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">F</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_suuntanumero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansainvälinen suuntanumero">Kansainvälinen suuntanumero</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">+33</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_valtioiden_tunnuslauseista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luettelo valtioiden tunnuslauseista">Tunnuslause</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vapaus,_veljeys_ja_tasa-arvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vapaus, veljeys ja tasa-arvo">Vapaus, tasa-arvo, veljeys</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansallislaulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansallislaulu">Kansallislaulu</a></td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA;">”<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseljeesi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseljeesi">Marseljeesi</a>”</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; text-align:center;"> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="La_Marseillaise.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/La_Marseillaise.ogg/La_Marseillaise.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=am&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="am" label="አማርኛ 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh-hk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文（香港） ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALa_Marseillaise.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA; font-weight:bold;">Edeltäjä(t)</td> <td class="" colspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; border-top: 1px solid #AAAAAA; border-bottom: 1px solid #AAAAAA;"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ranskan neljännen tasavallan lippu"><img alt="Ranskan neljännen tasavallan lippu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_nelj%C3%A4s_tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan neljäs tasavalta">Ranskan neljäs tasavalta</a></td> </tr> <tr class="infobox_tests" style="display:none"> <td><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/fiwiki-tools/testit/INFOBOX/OK">Infobox OK</a><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/fiwiki-tools/testit/TEST_1/OK/NIMI">Nimi-testi OK</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Merentakaiset alueet mukaan luettuna Ranskan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinta-ala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinta-ala">pinta-ala</a> on 643 801 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neli%C3%B6kilometri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neliökilometri">neliökilometriä</a> ja väkiluku on noin 67,5 miljoonaa. Ranskan eurooppalainen ydinalue, jota kutsutaan termillä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_m%C3%A9tropolitaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="France métropolitaine">France métropolitaine</a>, sijaitsee <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lauhkea_vy%C3%B6hyke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lauhkea vyöhyke">lauhkealla ilmastovyöhykkeellä</a> lukuun ottamatta aivan eteläisintä seutua, jossa vallitsee <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4limerenilmasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Välimerenilmasto">välimerenilmasto</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Euroopan Ranskan pinta-ala on 551 500 neliökilometriä, joten se on maanosansa kolmanneksi laajin valtio <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venäjä">Venäjän</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ukraina">Ukrainan</a> jälkeen. Nykyisen Ranskan valtion katsotaan syntyneen vuonna 843, kun <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaarle_Suuri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaarle Suuri">Kaarle Suuren</a> pojanpojat jakoivat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankkien_valtakunta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankkien valtakunta">Frankkien valtakunnan</a> keskenään <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdunin_sopimus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdunin sopimus">Verdunin sopimuksella</a>. Näin syntyi kolme valtakuntaa, joista läntisin, Länsi-Frankia, kattoi suurin piirtein nykyisen Manner-Ranskan alueen. Länsi-Frankiassa valtaan nousi vuonna 987 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugo_Capet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugo Capet">Hugo Capet</a>. Hänen jälkeläisiään ovat kaikki <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_Ranskan_kuninkaista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luettelo Ranskan kuninkaista">Ranskan kuninkaat</a> eli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapetingit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapetingit">kapetingit</a>, myös suvun sivuhaaroihin kuuluneet <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valois">Valois’t</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourbon_(suku)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bourbon (suku)">Bourbonit</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hist1-6">[6]</a>. Ranska on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yhdistyneet_kansakunnat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yhdistyneet kansakunnat">Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien</a> jäsen, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroopan_unioni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroopan unioni">Euroopan unionin</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nato">Naton</a> perustajajäsen ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YK:n_turvallisuusneuvosto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="YK:n turvallisuusneuvosto">YK:n turvallisuusneuvoston</a> pysyvä jäsen. Se on myös ydinasevalta. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_viides_tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan viides tasavalta">Ranskan viidennen tasavallan</a> perustuslaki hyväksyttiin vuonna 1958, mistä lähtien maa on ollut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semipresidentialismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semipresidentialismi">puolittain presidenttivaltainen</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tasavalta">tasavalta</a>. Ranska on paitsi teollisuusmaa, myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurooppa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurooppa">Euroopan</a> tärkein maatalousmaa, ja suuri viinintuottaja. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Se on myös yksi maailman suosituimmista matkakohteista: vuonna 2007 maassa vieraili yli 80 miljoonaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turisti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Turisti">turistia</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">Ranskan kieli</a> on maan yleisin ja ainoa virallinen kieli. Vähemmistökieliä, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretoni">bretonia</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baskin_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baskin kieli">baskia</a>, saa opettaa koulussa vapaaehtoisina aineina. Suurin uskonto on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristinusko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristinusko">kristinusko</a>, mutta Ranska on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekularismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekularismi">sekulaari</a> valtio ja maassa asuu paljon uskonnottomia ihmisiä ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateismi">ateisteja</a>. Toiseksi suurin uskonto Ranskassa on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a>. Ranskan kulttuurimatkakohteista tunnetuimpia ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louvre">Louvren</a> taidemuseo, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eiffelin_torni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiffelin torni">Eiffelin torni</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pompidou-keskus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pompidou-keskus">Pompidou-keskus</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Versailles%E2%80%99n_palatsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Versailles’n palatsi">Versailles’n palatsi</a>. Ranskan kuvataide kukoisti etenkin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impressionismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impressionismi">impressionismin</a> aikana, ja 1800- ja 1900-lukujen vaihteessa Pariisista tuli taidemaailman keskus. Ranskalaisen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertinin</a> aloitteesta perustetut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nykyaikaiset_olympialaiset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nykyaikaiset olympialaiset">nykyaikaiset olympialaiset</a> on järjestetty Ranskassa viisi kertaa ja kesäolympiakisat järjestetään jälleen Pariisissa vuonna 2024.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fi" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sisällys</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maantiede">1 Maantiede</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pinnanmuodot">1.1 Pinnanmuodot</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ilmasto">1.2 Ilmasto</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kasvillisuus">1.3 Kasvillisuus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Luonto_ja_luonnonsuojelu">1.4 Luonto ja luonnonsuojelu</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historia">2 Historia</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Varhaishistoria">2.1 Varhaishistoria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Keskiaika">2.2 Keskiaika</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Suurvalta-aika">2.3 Suurvalta-aika</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maailmansodat">2.4 Maailmansodat</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nykyinen_Ranska">2.5 Nykyinen Ranska</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politiikka_ja_hallinto">3 Politiikka ja hallinto</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Puolueet_ja_voimasuhteet">3.1 Puolueet ja voimasuhteet</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ranskan_asevoimat">3.2 Ranskan asevoimat</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hallinnollinen_jako">3.3 Hallinnollinen jako</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ranskan_alueet_ja_departementit">3.3.1 Ranskan alueet ja departementit</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Suurimpia_kaupunkeja">3.3.2 Suurimpia kaupunkeja</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ranskan_merentakaiset_alueet">3.3.3 Ranskan merentakaiset alueet</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Talous">4 Talous</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Maatalous">4.1 Maatalous</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Palvelut">4.2 Palvelut</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teollisuus_ja_energia">4.3 Teollisuus ja energia</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liikenne">4.4 Liikenne</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#V%C3%A4est%C3%B6">5 Väestö</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kielet">5.1 Kielet</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uskonnot">5.2 Uskonnot</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Koulutus">5.3 Koulutus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Terveys">5.4 Terveys</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kulttuuri">6 Kulttuuri</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kirjallisuus">6.1 Kirjallisuus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tiede">6.2 Tiede</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Musiikki">6.3 Musiikki</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kuvataide">6.4 Kuvataide</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Elokuva">6.5 Elokuva</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Media">6.6 Media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lehdist%C3%B6">6.6.1 Lehdistö</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Televisio">6.6.2 Televisio</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Keitti%C3%B6">6.7 Keittiö</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Juhlap%C3%A4iv%C3%A4t">6.8 Juhlapäivät</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urheilu">7 Urheilu</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Olympialaiset">7.1 Olympialaiset</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#L%C3%A4hteet">8 Lähteet</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kirjallisuutta">9 Kirjallisuutta</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Maantiede">Maantiede</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Maantiede" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_maantiede?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan maantiede">Ranskan maantiede</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Manner-Ranska sijaitsee Länsi-Euroopassa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlantti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantti">Atlantin valtamereltä</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4limeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Välimeri">Välimerelle</a> ulottuvalla alueella. Sitä rajaavat pohjoisessa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Englannin_kanaali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Englannin kanaali">Englannin kanaali</a>, lännessä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biskajanlahti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biskajanlahti">Biskajanlahti</a>, etelässä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyreneet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyreneet">Pyreneet</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4limeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Välimeri">Välimeri</a> sekä idässä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpit">Alpit</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jura_(vuoristo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jura (vuoristo)">Juravuoret</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rein">Rein</a>. Naapurivaltioita ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxemburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksa">Saksa</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sveitsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sveitsi">Sveitsi</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanja">Espanja</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. Manner-Ranskaan kuuluu myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsika">Korsikan saari</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">ransk.</a> la Corse) Välimeressä. Manner-Ranskan pinta-ala on 551 500 neliökilometriä, ja rantaviivaa sillä on 3 427 kilometriä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Ranskan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_merentakaiset_alueet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan merentakaiset alueet">merentakaisista hallintoalueista</a> suurin on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Ranskan Guayana</a> (ransk. la Guyane française) <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karibianmeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karibianmeri">Karibianmeren</a> etelärannikolla. Lisäksi hallintoalueisiin kuuluu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uusi-Kaledonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uusi-Kaledonia">Uuden-Kaledonian saariryhmä</a> (la Nouvelle-Calédonie), <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Polynesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Polynesia">Ranskan Polynesia</a> (ransk. la Polynésie française) ja lukuisia muita pieniä saaria ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atolli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atolli">atolleja</a> ympäri maailmaa. Merentakaisten alueiden yhteenlaskettu pinta-ala on 91 927 neliökilometriä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Näin ollen valtion kokonaispinta-ala on 643 801 neliökilometriä. Tästä alueesta vesistöä on 3 374 km². Rantaviivaa valtiolla on 4 853 kilometriä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pinnanmuodot">Pinnanmuodot</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Pinnanmuodot" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Mont-Blanc_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mont-Blanc_001.jpg/250px-Mont-Blanc_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1110"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mont-Blanc_001.jpg/250px-Mont-Blanc_001.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mont-Blanc_001.jpg/375px-Mont-Blanc_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mont-Blanc_001.jpg/500px-Mont-Blanc_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mont_Blanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> aamuauringossa. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Pointe_du_van.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/250px-Pointe_du_van.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/250px-Pointe_du_van.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/375px-Pointe_du_van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Pointe_du_van.jpg/500px-Pointe_du_van.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kalliorantoja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagnessa</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Ranskan korkein kohta, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mont_Blanc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> (4 810 metriä), sijaitsee Alpeilla Ranskan ja Italian rajalla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-highest&lowest-12">[12]</a> Mont Blanc on näkökulmasta riippuen Euroopan korkein kohta<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EU/Ranska-13">[13]</a> tai ainakin kuuluu viiden korkeimman joukkoon<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a>. Matalin kohta Ranskassa on kaksi metriä meren pinnan alapuolella oleva kohta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhône">Rhônejoen</a> suistossa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-highest&lowest-12">[12]</a> Suurin osa Manner-Ranskasta on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alanko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alanko">alankoa</a>. Alankoalue ulottuu Belgian ja Saksan rajoilta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagneen</a> ja sieltä rannikkoa myöten kaartuen Rhônen suistoalueelle. Rhônen lisäksi Ranskan tärkeimpien jokien, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seine">Seinen</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loire">Loiren</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garonne">Garonnen</a>, suistoalueet sijaitsevat alangolla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EU/Ranska-13">[13]</a> Alanko on hyvää viljelysmaata, sillä se on tasaista ja hedelmällistä. Suurin osa siitä onkin otettu viljelykseen.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaPinnanmuodot-15">[15]</a> Manner-Ranskan keski- ja eteläosissa sijaitsee <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_keskiyl%C3%A4nk%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan keskiylänkö">Keskiylänkö</a> (ransk. le Massif Central), joka kattaa suunnilleen kuudesosan maan pinta-alasta. Keskiylängön eteläosissa sijaitsee korkea ja kuiva kalkkikivitasanko, mutta luoteessa nuorehkoista ja kuluneista tulivuorista on syntynyt laajoja vuoristoja, ja kaakossa jyhkeät graniittimassiivit muodostavat jyrkän seinämän Rhône- ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saône">Saônejokien</a> laaksoihin. Keskiylängön korkein kohta on 1 885 metriä korkea <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puy_de_Sancy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puy de Sancy">Puy de Sancy</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaPinnanmuodot-15">[15]</a> Keskiylänköä halkovat useat jokisolat. Rhônen laakso erottaa Keskiylängön Alpeista. Alpit hallitsevat Kaakkois-Ranskan maisemaa, ja ne muodostavat luonnollisen Italian vastaisen rajan. Alppien pohjoispuolella on korkeat kalkkikiviset <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jura_(vuoristo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jura (vuoristo)">Juravuoret</a>, jotka erottavat Sveitsin ja Ranskan. Juravuoria halkoo Rhône, joka virtaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genevenj%C3%A4rvi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genevenjärvi">Genevenjärvestä</a> kohti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">Lyonia</a>. Muita vuoristoalueita ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyreneet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyreneet">Pyreneet</a> etelässä Espanjan ja Andorran rajalla ja metsäiset <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vogeesit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vogeesit">Vogeesit</a> Reinin laakson reunalla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ilmasto">Ilmasto</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Ilmasto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_ilmasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan ilmasto">Ranskan ilmasto</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg/250px-Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg/250px-Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg/375px-Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg/500px-Le_Pont-Neuf_de_Toulouse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garonne">Garonnejoki</a> virtaa huhtikuisen Toulousen halki. </figcaption> </figure> Manner-Ranska sijaitsee <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lauhkea_vy%C3%B6hyke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lauhkea vyöhyke">lauhkealla vyöhykkeellä</a> lukuun ottamatta aivan eteläisintä osaa, jossa vallitsee <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4limerenilmasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Välimerenilmasto">välimerenilmasto</a>. Vaikka Pohjois- ja Etelä-Ranskassa sademäärä on suunnilleen sama, Pohjois-Ranska sijaitsee länsituulten vyöhykkeellä ja siellä sataa tasaisesti ympäri vuoden. Etelä-Ranskassa lähes kaikki sade saadaan viileään talviaikaan.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Esimerkiksi Pohjois-Ranskan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brest_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brest (Ranska)">Brestissä</a> kylmimmän kuukauden keskimääräinen alin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lämpötila">lämpötila</a> on noin neljä astetta ja lämpimimmän keskimääräinen korkein lämpötila noin 21 astetta. Etelä-Ranskan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nizza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nizza">Nizzassa</a> kylmimmän kuukauden keskimääräinen alin lämpötila on noin viisi astetta ja lämpimimmän keskimääräinen korkein noin 27 astetta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kasvillisuus">Kasvillisuus</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Kasvillisuus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Pohjois-Ranska Pariisista pohjoiseen kuuluu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lehtimets%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lehtimetsä">lehtimetsävyöhykkeeseen</a>, jossa on atlanttinen ilmasto. Alueella luontainen kasvillisuus on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroopanpy%C3%B6kki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroopanpyökki">pyökin</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talvitammi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talvitammi">talvitammen</a> muodostamaa sekametsää. Myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroopanmarjakuusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroopanmarjakuusi">euroopanmarjakuusi</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muratti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muratti">muratti</a> luonnehtivat Pohjois-Ranskan luontaista kasvillisuutta. Keski-Ranskassa, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bordeaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux'n</a> seudulla, luontainen kasvillisuus on Pohjois-Ranskan tapaan talveksi lehtensä pudottava lehtimetsä, mutta kasvillisuudessa on nähtävillä myös välimerellisiä piirteitä. Välimeren rannikolla kasvillisuus poikkeaa dramaattisesti muusta Ranskasta, ollen tyypillistä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ainavihanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ainavihanta">ainavihantaa</a> välimerenkasvillisuutta, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korkkitammi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korkkitammi">korkkitammen</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rautatammi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rautatammi">rautatammen</a> muodostamia metsiä ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macchia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macchia">macchia-pensastoja</a>. Seassa kasvaa kuitenkin myös harvakseltaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kes%C3%A4vihanta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kesävihanta">kesävihantia</a>, talveksi lehtensä varistavia puita. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsika">Korsikalta</a> sen sijaan kesävihannat puut puuttuvat jo kokonaan.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Merkitse_l%C3%A4hteet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Merkitse lähteet">lähde?</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Luonto_ja_luonnonsuojelu">Luonto ja luonnonsuojelu</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Luonto ja luonnonsuojelu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg/250px-Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3593" data-file-height="2405"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg/250px-Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg/375px-Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg/500px-Puy_de_Montchal_2A.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kumpuilevaa maastoa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Keskiyl%C3%A4nk%C3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Keskiylänkö (sivua ei ole)">Keskiylängöllä</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Vielä kivikaudella Ranskan alue oli kokonaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_mets%C3%A4t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan metsät">metsän</a> peitossa, mutta valtaosa metsistä on kaadettu maanviljelyn tieltä, ja laajoja metsäalueita on enää vuoristoissa ja viljelykelvottomilla alueilla. 1900-luvulla maahan on istutettu havumetsiä, ja nykyisin pinta-alasta on metsää noin neljännes.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Ranskassa eläviä suurikokoisia maanisäkkäitä ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villisika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Villisika">villisika</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksanhirvi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saksanhirvi">saksanhirvi</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mets%C3%A4kauris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metsäkauris">metsäkauris</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Susi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Susi">susi</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kettu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kettu">kettu</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karhu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karhu">karhu</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A4yr%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mäyrä">mäyrä</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gemssi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gemssi">gemssi</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuorikauris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuorikauris">vuorikauris</a>. Merialueilla elää <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delfiinit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delfiinit">delfiinejä</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Ranskassa on tavattu kaikkiaan 565 lintulajia.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Niistä erityisen suojelun kohteena ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruisr%C3%A4%C3%A4kk%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruisrääkkä">ruisrääkkä</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pikkutuulihaukka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pikkutuulihaukka">pikkutuulihaukka</a> sekä eräät petolinnut, kuten korppikotkat.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Manner-Ranskaan perustettiin 1960– ja 1970-luvuilla kuusi kansallispuistoa: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vanoisen_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vanoisen kansallispuisto">Vanoisen kansallispuisto</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port-Crosin_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port-Crosin kansallispuisto">Port-Crosin kansallispuisto</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyreneiden_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyreneiden kansallispuisto">Pyreneiden kansallispuisto</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9vennesin_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cévennesin kansallispuisto">Cévennesin kansallispuisto</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ecrinsin_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecrinsin kansallispuisto">Ecrinsin kansallispuisto</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercantourin_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercantourin kansallispuisto">Mercantourin kansallispuisto</a>. Lisäksi merentakaisilla alueilla on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadeloupe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupen</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunionin</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Ranskan Guayanan</a> kansallispuistot.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Vuonna 2012 Marseillen läheisyyteen Välimeren rannalle perustettiin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calanquesin_kansallispuisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calanquesin kansallispuisto">Calanquesin kansallispuisto</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Historia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg/190px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="362" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="2396"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 362px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg/190px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="362" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg/285px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg/380px-Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer_-_Emperor_Charlemagne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>, keisari Kaarle Suuri, 1512. </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_historia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan historia">Ranskan historia</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Varhaishistoria">Varhaishistoria</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Varhaishistoria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Ranskan luolista on löytynyt jäänteitä jo ihmiskunnan alkuaikojen kulttuureista. Pyreneiden molemmin puolin asui kivikaudella noin 30 000 vuotta sitten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mets%C3%A4st%C3%A4j%C3%A4-ker%C3%A4ilij%C3%A4t?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metsästäjä-keräilijät">metsästäjä-keräilijäkansoja</a>, ja noin 4500 eaa. alkoi syntyä kyläasutusta. Alueelle asettui 500-luvulta eaa. kelttiläisiä kansoja, joita roomalaiset kutsuivat gallialaisiksi.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HW-25">[25]</a> Nykyinen Ranska kattaa suurimman osan muinaisesta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallia">Galliasta</a>, jonka <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rooman_valtakunta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rooman valtakunta">roomalainen</a> sotapäällikkö <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julius_Caesar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> valloitti vuosina 58–52 eaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HW-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Keskiaika">Keskiaika</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Keskiaika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Rooman valtakunnan hajottua Ranskan alue kuului <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankkien_valtakunta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankkien valtakunta">frankkien valtakuntaan</a>, jonka hallitsijoina olivat ensin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merovingit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merovingit">merovingit</a> ja myöhemmin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karolingit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karolingit">karolingit</a>. Valtakunnan mahtavin hallitsija oli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaarle_Suuri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaarle Suuri">Kaarle Suuri</a>, joka vuonna 800 kruunattiin myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rooman_keisari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rooman keisari">Rooman keisariksi</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Ranskan valtion voidaan katsoa syntyneen vuonna 843, kun Kaarle Suuren kolme pojanpoikaa jakoivat valtakunnan keskenään <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdunin_sopimus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verdunin sopimus">Verdunin sopimuksella</a>. Näin syntyneistä valtioista läntisin oli Länsi-Frankia, jonka hallitsijana oli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaarle_Kaljup%C3%A4%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaarle Kaljupää">Kaarle Kaljupää</a>. Karolingien jälkeen valtaan nousi vuonna 987 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugo_Capet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugo Capet">Hugo Capet</a>. Hänen jälkeläisiään ovat kaikki <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_Ranskan_kuninkaista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luettelo Ranskan kuninkaista">Ranskan myöhäisemmät kuninkaat</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapetingit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapetingit">kapetingit</a>, myös suvun sivuhaaroihin kuuluneet <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valois">Valois’t</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bourbon_(suku)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bourbon (suku)">Bourbonit</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hist1-6">[6]</a>. Verdunin sopimuksella perustetuista valtakunnista keskimmäinen, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lothair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lothair">Lotharin</a> valtakunta, jäi lyhytikäiseksi ja hajosi pian moniksi ruhtinaskunniksi. Osa niistä, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burgundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burgundi">Burgundi</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provence">Provence</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alsace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lorraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, liitettiin myöhemmin Ranskaan.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Suurvalta-aika">Suurvalta-aika</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Suurvalta-aika" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Napoleon_in_1806.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/190px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG" decoding="async" width="190" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1740"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 276px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/190px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG" data-width="190" data-height="276" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/285px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Napoleon_in_1806.PNG/380px-Napoleon_in_1806.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89douard_Detaille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édouard Detaille">Édouard Detaille</a>, Napoleon, 1806. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia,_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg/250px-Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="1606"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg/250px-Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg/375px-Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg/500px-Acta_Eruditorum_-_III_mappe_Francia%2C_1703_%E2%80%93_BEIC_13363829.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Francia, 1703 </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Ludvig_XIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranskan Ludvig XIV">Ludvig XIV:n</a> (1638–1715) aikana Ranska oli Euroopan keskeinen suurvalta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_vallankumous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranskan vallankumous">Ranskan vallankumouksen</a> jälkeen Ranskasta tuli vuonna 1792 tasavalta, ja se kesti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparten</a> vallankaappaukseen asti. Napoleon julistautui keisariksi. Vallankumoussotien tappion ja Napoleonin karkotuksen jälkeen Ranskasta tuli vuosiksi 1814–1848 kuningaskunta. Vuonna 1830 puhkesi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hein%C3%A4kuun_vallankumous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heinäkuun vallankumous">heinäkuun vallankumous</a>, jossa kuningas <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaarle_X_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaarle X (Ranska)">Kaarle X</a> syrjäytettiin, mutta kuninkuutta ei lakkautettu, vaan uudeksi kuninkaaksi tuli perustuslaillisena monarkkina hänen kaukainen sukulaisensa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludvig_Filip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludvig Filip">Ludvig Filip</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Ranskan siirtomaavallan perusta luotiin 1600-luvulla. Ranska valtasi ensin alueita Pohjois-Amerikasta, Länsi-Intiasta ja Etelä-Aasiasta. Varsinainen siirtomaakausi alkoi 1800-luvulla, jolloin Ranska perusti uusia siirtomaita Afrikkaan ja Kaakkois-Aasiaan. 1800-luvun lopussa Länsi-Afrikka oli lähes kokonaan sen hallussa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> ”<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hullu_vuosi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hullu vuosi">Euroopan hulluna vuotena</a>” 1848 Ludvig Filip syrjäytettiin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helmikuun_vallankumous_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helmikuun vallankumous (Ranska)">helmikuun vallankumouksessa</a>. Ranskasta tuli tasavalta, ja sen presidentiksi valittiin Napoleonin veljenpoika Ludvig Napoleon. Hän kuitenkin julistautui muutaman vuoden päästä keisariksi nimellä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoleon_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksan%E2%80%93Ranskan_sota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksan–Ranskan sota">Preussin vastaisen sodan</a> jälkeen 1870 Ranska julistettiin jälleen tasavallaksi.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Maailmansodat">Maailmansodat</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Maailmansodat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/190px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="281" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="3663"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 281px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/190px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="281" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/285px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg/380px-De_Gaulle-OWI.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kenraali <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_De_Gaulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles De Gaulle">Charles De Gaulle</a> toisen maailmansodan aikana. </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensimm%C3%A4inen_maailmansota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ensimmäinen maailmansota">Ensimmäisessä maailmansodassa</a> Ranska taisteli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ymp%C3%A4rysvallat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ympärysvallat">ympärysvaltojen</a> puolella ja kärsi suuria inhimillisiä ja taloudellisia menetyksiä. 1920-luvulla Ranska varustautui Saksaa vastaan tehokkaalla puolustusjärjestelmällä, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maginot-linja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maginot-linja">Maginot-linjalla</a>. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toinen_maailmansota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toinen maailmansota">Toisessa maailmansodassa</a> Ranska hävisi kuitenkin pian <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natsi-Saksa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natsi-Saksa">Saksalle</a> ja joutui antautumaan kesäkuussa 1940. Aseleposopimuksen mukaan Pohjois- ja Länsi-Ranska jäivät <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksan_miehitysvalta_Ranskassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksan miehitysvalta Ranskassa">Saksan miehittämiksi</a>. Maan eteläosaa, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vichyn_Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vichyn Ranska">Vichyn Ranskaa</a>, hallitsi marsalkka <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétainin</a> hallitus, mutta käytännössä se oli Saksan vasallivaltio. Sodan loppuvaiheessa liittoutuneet tekivät Ranskaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandian_maihinnousu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandian maihinnousu">Normandian maihinnousun</a> ja maa vapautui.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> Toisen maailmansodan aikana Ranska menetti useita siirtomaitaan, eikä se saanut enää takaisin esimerkiksi Kaakkois-Aasian alueita, vaan ne itsenäistyivät. Afrikassa Ranskan siirtomaat itsenäistyivät 1950- ja 1960-luvulla, viimeisenä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Algeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Algeria">Algeria</a> vuonna 1962 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algerian_sota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algerian sota">verisen sodan</a> päätteeksi.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBCTL-31">[31]</a> Siirtomaakauden jäljiltä Ranskan hallussa on edelleen alueita, enimmäkseen pieniä saaria, joita ei enää sanota siirtomaiksi, vaan niistä käytetään nimitystä ”merentakaiset alueet”.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Nykyinen_Ranska">Nykyinen Ranska</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Nykyinen Ranska" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen Algerian ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Indokiina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Indokiina">Indokiinan</a> sotatoimet aiheuttivat tyytymättömyyttä, ja hallitus toisensa jälkeen kaatui. Vallankaappaus ja sisällissota uhkasivat, kunnes parlamentti kutsui kenraali <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaullen</a> presidentiksi vuonna 1958.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_viides_tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan viides tasavalta">Ranskan nykyisen viidennen tasavallan</a> perustuslaki vahvistettiin vuonna 1958. Siinä presidentin valtaoikeudet nostettiin samalle tasolle parlamentin kanssa, mitä kutsutaan puolipresidentilliseksi järjestelmäksi. Viidennen tasavallan aikana on koettu kaksi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cohabitation&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cohabitation (sivua ei ole)">cohabitation</a>-jaksoa, vuosien 1986 ja 1997 vaalien jälkeen, jolloin presidentti ja pääministeri olivat eri puolueista. Tällaisessa tilanteessa pääministerin asema on suhteellisen vahva, kun taas presidentti joutuu hakemaan tukea oppositiosta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> De Gaulle erosi 1969, kun hänen ehdotuksensa perustuslain muutoksesta oli hävinnyt kansanäänestyksen. Hänen jälkeensä viidennen tasavallan presidentteinä ovat toimineet <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Pompidou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> (1969–1974), <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valery_Giscard_d%27Estaing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valery Giscard d'Estaing">Valery Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1974–1981), <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> (1981–1995), <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques_Chirac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> (1995–2007), <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> (2007–2012), <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> (2012–2017) ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> (2017–).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algerian_sota?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algerian sota">Algerian sota</a> päättyi maan itsenäistymiseen 1962, ja vähitellen useimmat siirtomaat itsenäistyivät, viimeisenä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vanuatu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> 1980.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Talouskasvu toisesta maailmansodasta 1970-luvun öljykriisin vuosiin (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Trente_Glorieuses&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Trente Glorieuses (sivua ei ole)">Trente Glorieuses</a>) oli ennätyksellisen voimakasta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisin_opiskelijamellakat_1968?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisin opiskelijamellakat 1968">Kevään 1968 opiskelijamellakat</a> laukaisivat kahden viikon yleislakon, ja pelättiin jopa vallankumousta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Vuosina 2005–2006 maassa koettiin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_l%C3%A4hi%C3%B6iden_v%C3%A4kivaltaisuudet_2005?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan lähiöiden väkivaltaisuudet 2005">laajoja mellakoita</a>, joihin osallistui ennen kaikkea lähiöiden maahanmuuttajataustaisia nuoria.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBCTL-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Marine_Le_Pen,_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9,_drapeaux,_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg/250px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg/250px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg/375px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg/500px-Marine_Le_Pen%2C_b%C3%A9b%C3%A9%2C_drapeaux%2C_banquet_des_Mille3louis_maitrier.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Marine Le Pen vaalijuhlassa. </figcaption> </figure> Äärioikeistolainen kansallismielinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansallinen_rintama_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansallinen rintama (Ranska)">Kansallinen rintama</a> on noussut 40 vuoden aikana marginaalista keskeiseksi puolueeksi. 2000-luvulla sen suosiota ovat nostaneet euroalueen talouskriisi ja työttömyys.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Puolueen presidenttiehdokkaat ovat menestyneet 2000-luvulla: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie Le Pen</a> pääsi toiselle kierrokselle 2002,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBCTL-31">[31]</a> ja vuonna 2012 hänen tyttärensä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Penin</a> ennätyksellisen suuri äänisaalis toi kolmannen sijan.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Vuonna 2017 Marine Le Pen pääsi presidentinvaaleissa toiselle kierrokselle.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Viidennen tasavallan aikana Ranska on panostanut eurooppalaiseen yhteistyöhön. Se oli yksi EU:n kuudesta perustajajäsenestä, ja presidentti Mitterrand ajoi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastrichtin_sopimus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastrichtin sopimus">Maastrichtin sopimuksen</a> hyväksymistä. Ranska hylkäsi kansanäänestyksessä 2005 ehdotuksen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sopimus_Euroopan_perustuslaista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sopimus Euroopan perustuslaista">Euroopan perustuslaista</a>, jolloin sen ratifiointiprosessi keskeytyi, mutta puheenjohtajakaudellaan Ranska tuki perustuslain korvaavaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lissabonin_sopimus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lissabonin sopimus">Lissabonin sopimusta</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering,_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3103" data-file-height="1932"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-EEG-top_in_Den_Haag_vergadering_ministers_van_Buitenlandse_Zaken_vergadering%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-6981_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> François Mitterrand (1916–1996) ja Jacques Chirac (1932–2019) </figcaption> </figure> Ranskan viidennen tasavallan historiaa on Charles de Gaullen jälkeen ja ennen Emmanuel Macronia leimannut kaksi vahvaa johtajaa, sosialistien François Mitterrand ja oikeiston Jacques Chirac. Siinä missä Mitterrand pysyi kansalle etäisenä, Chirac oli "kansanmies". Vaikka Chirac oli eliittikoulun kasvatti ja hänen vaimonsa oli vanhaa ranskalaista aatelissukua, hän osasi olla tavallisten ranskalaisten seurassa melkein kun yksi heistä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Sosialistista puoluetta edustanut Mitterrand oli Ranskan presidentti 14 vuoden ajan vuosina 1981–1995 ja mielipidetutkimusten mukaan ranskalaiset pitävät häntä viidennen tasavallan perustajan De Gaullen jälkeen maansa toiseksi suurimpana valtiomiehenä. Häntä voidaan pitää eräänä 1900-luvun lopun merkittävimmistä poliittisista johtohahmoista. Häntä arvostetaan erityisesti Euroopan yhtenäisyyden rakentamisesta ja Ranska-Saksan ystävyyssuhteen lujittamisesta. Kotimaassa hän rakennutti Pariisiin merkittäviä monumentteja, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_Bastille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opéra Bastille">Bastiljin ooppera,</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kansalliskirjasto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kansalliskirjasto">kansalliskirjasto</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louvren_pyramidi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louvren pyramidi">Louvren lasipyramidi</a>. Talouspolitiikka oli vähemmän onnistunutta; suuryritysten kalliiksi tulleita kansallistamisia ja valtiontalouden ongelmiin saattanutta huonoa budjettikuria.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Gaullisti ja konservatiivi Jacques Chirac oli Ranskan presidentti vuosina 1995–2007. Hän korosti Ranskan ja YK:n tärkeätä roolia maailmanpolitiikassa. Chirac tuomitsi Yhdysvaltain hyökkäyksen Irakiin vuonna 2003. Chirac oli ensimmäinen Ranskan presidentti, joka tunnusti Ranskan osavastuun juutalaisten vainoista natsimiehityksen aikana. Chiracin mainetta tahrasivat pormestari-ajoiltaan juontavat korruptio-epäilyt ja hänet tuomittiin vuonna 2011 kahdeksi vuodeksi ehdolliseen vankeuteen julkisten varojen kavaltamisesta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Toukokuussa 2007 oikeistolaisen UMP-puolueen Nicolas Sarkozy voitti presidentinvaaleissa sosialistien naisehdokkaan Segolene Royalin selvin numeroin ja tuli valituksi Chiracin seuraajaksi.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Sarkozyn presidenttikaudella Eurooppaan tuli taantuma ja myös Ranska joutui taloudellisiin vaikeuksiin. Yksityiselämästä muistetaan Sarkozyn avioero sekä vuonna 2008 solmittu avioliitto italialaistaustaisen mallin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carla_Bruni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carla Bruni">Carla Brunin</a> kanssa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Ranska harjoitti Sarkozyn kaudella myös aktiivista voimapolitiikkaa osallistumalla pommituksin Libyan ja Norsunluurannikon sisällissotiin.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> (<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuoden_2011_sotilasinterventio_Libyassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vuoden 2011 sotilasinterventio Libyassa">Vuoden 2011 sotilasinterventio Libyassa</a>). Sarkozyn seuraajan vaaleihin liittyi runsaasti dramatiikkaa, kun vahvana sosialistiehdokkaana pidetty <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Dominique Strauss-Kahn</a> joutui luopumaan ehdokkuudesta seksuaalirikossyytteiden takia. Lokakuun 2011 sosialistien esivaalit ja toukokuun 2012 varsinaiset vaalit voitti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>, joka voitti presidentinvaalien toisella kierroksella istuvan presidentin, oikeiston Nicolas Sarkozyn<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Presidenttinä François Hollande oli ennätysmäisen epäsuosittu, Vuoden 2014 lopussa mielipidetutkimuksissa vain 13% kansasta katsoi hänen onnistuneen presidenttinä ja alle viidennes toivoi hänen pyrkivän jatkokaudelle.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Vuoden 2016 lopulla Hollande ilmoitti, ettei pyri toiselle kaudelle.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Ranska on joutunut 2010-luvulla useiden radikaali-islamististen terroristi-iskujen kohteeksi, joista tuhoisimmat olivat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisin_terrori-iskut_marraskuussa_2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisin terrori-iskut marraskuussa 2015">Pariisin terrori-isku</a> vuonna 2015 ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nizzan_isku_2016?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nizzan isku 2016">Nizzan isku</a> vuonna 2016.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Vuonna 2017 presidentin virkaan astui <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Keskustaliberaali Macron voitti toukokuussa 2017 presidentinvaalien toisella kierroksella oikeistopopulisti Marine Le Penin prosentein 65,5–34,5, ja 39-vuotiaasta Macronista tuli näin Ranskan historian nuorin presidentti.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ranskan parlamenttivaaleissa kesällä 2017 Macronin perustama uusi puolue <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">Tasavalta liikkeessä</a> (La Republique En Marche!) sai suuren vaalivoiton ja parlamenttiin ehdottoman enemmistön. Suurin oppositiopuolue parlamentissa oli oikeistolainen Tasavaltalaiset. Entinen enemmistöpuolue Sosialistinen puolue PS kärsi romahduksen ja murskaavan vaalitappion.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Ranskassa on ollut pitkään jatkuneita mielenosoituksia Macronin hallituksen politiikkaa, veronkorotuksia ja elinkustannusten nousua vastaan. Mielenosoittajat ovat tulleet tunnetuiksi heidän käyttämistään <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keltaisten_liivien_liike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keltaisten liivien liike">keltaisista liiveistä</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Joulukuussa 2019 suurlakot pysäyttivät julkisen liikenteen.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Vuonna 2024 Ranskasta tuli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aikajana_aborttilain_historiasta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aikajana aborttilain historiasta">maailman ensimmäinen maa</a>, joka kirjasi oikeuden <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abortti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abortti">aborttiin</a> perustuslakiinsa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Politiikka_ja_hallinto">Politiikka ja hallinto</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Politiikka ja hallinto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg/190px-Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="249" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="416"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 249px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg/190px-Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="249" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg/285px-Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Emmanuel_Macron_in_July_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Emmanuel Macron, Ranskan presidentti vuodesta 2017 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/190px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/190px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/285px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/380px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ranskan ihmisoikeusjulistus. </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_politiikka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan politiikka">Ranskan politiikka</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Ranska on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semipresidentialismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semipresidentialismi">semipresidentiaalinen</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tasavalta">tasavalta</a>. Ranskan nykyinen, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_viides_tasavalta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan viides tasavalta">viidennen tasavallan</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_perustuslaki_(1958)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan perustuslaki (1958)">perustuslaki</a> hyväksyttiin kansanäänestyksellä vuonna 1958. Perustuslaki vahvisti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_tasavallan_presidentti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan tasavallan presidentti">presidentin</a> ja ministereiden valta-asemaa parlamenttiin nähden. Presidentti valitaan suoralla vaalilla viisivuotiskaudeksi. Hän vahvistaa lait, nimittää <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_p%C3%A4%C3%A4ministeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan pääministeri">pääministerin</a>, johtaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_hallitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan hallitus">hallitusta</a> ja asevoimia sekä allekirjoittaa kansainväliset sopimukset. Vuodesta 1962 presidentti on valittu suoraan kaksivaiheisella vaalilla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_parlamentti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan parlamentti">Ranskan parlamentissa</a> on kaksi kamaria: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kansalliskokous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kansalliskokous">kansalliskokous</a> (Assemblée Nationale) ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_senaatti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan senaatti">senaatti</a> (Sénat). Kansalliskokouksen 577 edustajaa valitaan kaksivaiheisella <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kierrosvaalitapa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kierrosvaalitapa">kierrosvaalitavalla</a> viisivuotiskaudeksi. Kaksivaiheisessa vaalissa ehdokas valitaan suoraan, jos hän saa yli puolet vaalipiirin äänistä; muutoin järjestetään toinen kierros yli 12,5 prosenttia äänistä saaneiden kesken. Senaattoreja on 346, ja heidät valitaan epäsuoralla vaalilla kuudeksi vuodeksi kerrallaan. Valitsijamiehinä on noin 145 000 paikallishallinnon edustajaa (grands électeurs). Järjestelmä suosii maaseutua, ja konservatiiveilla olikin enemmistö senaatissa viidennen tasavallan alusta aina syksyyn 2011.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a>. Senaatin vaaleja järjestetään joka kolmas vuosi, mutta kaikkia senaattoreita ei vaihdeta yhtaikaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Parlamentin molemmilla kamareilla on lähes samanlainen lainsäädäntövalta, mutta jos kansalliskokous ja senaatti ovat loppuun asti erimielisiä, hallitus voi antaa asian kansalliskokouksen päätettäväksi. Hallitus voi vaikuttaa huomattavasti parlamentin käsittelyyn tuleviin lakeihin. Presidentin nimittämän pääministerin on nautittava alahuoneen luottamusta, joten hän tulee yleensä suurimmasta puolueesta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"> <h6 id="Puolueet_ja_voimasuhteet">Puolueet ja voimasuhteet</h6> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Puolueet ja voimasuhteet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Ranskan puoluekenttä on vakiintumaton, mutta se jakaantui pitkään melko tasan oikeistoon ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sosialistinen_puolue_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sosialistinen puolue (Ranska)">sosialistisen puolueen</a> (PS) ympärille muodostettuun vasemmistoon. Oikeistossa vallitseva ideologia on ollut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaullismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaullismi">gaullismi</a>, jota edusti Chiracia vuonna 2002 tukemaan perustettu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_pour_un_Mouvement_Populaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union pour un Mouvement Populaire">Union pour un Mouvement Populaire</a> (UMP). Kymmenenkin miljoonaa äänestäjää voi vaihtaa kantaansa vasemmiston ja oikeiston välillä sen mukaan, kuinka karismaattisia johtajia ja toimiva ohjelma niillä on.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Konservatiivinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Union_pour_un_Mouvement_Populaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Union pour un Mouvement Populaire">UMP-</a>puolue vaihtoi uudeksi nimekseen toukokuussa 2015 entisen presidentin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozyn</a> aloitteesta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Républicains">Les Republicains</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[62]</a> eli Tasavaltalaiset. Äärioikeistolainen puolue <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansallinen_rintama_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansallinen rintama (Ranska)">Kansallinen rintama</a> (Front national FN) muutti kesäkuussa 2018 nimekseen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansallinen_liittouma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansallinen liittouma">Kansallinen liittouma</a> (Rassemblement national RN).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Toukokuussa 2017 Ranskan uudeksi presidentiksi valitun <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macronin</a> puolue <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">Tasavalta liikkeessä</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_R%C3%A9publique_En_Marche!?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La République En Marche!">(La République En Marche!)</a> sai yhdessä tukipuolueensa Demokraattisen liikkeen kanssa ehdottoman enemmistön eli 350 paikkaa maan 577-paikkaiseen parlamentin eli kansalliskokouksen alahuoneeseen kesäkuun 2017 vaaleissa. Oikeiston Tasavaltalaiset sai yhdessä vaaliliittonsa kanssa 137 paikkaa. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Melenchonn</a> johtama laitavasemmiston <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alistumaton_Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alistumaton Ranska">Alistumaton Ranska</a> sai 17 paikkaa ja yhdessä kommunistien kanssa 27 paikkaa. Äärioikeiston Kansallinen rintama FN sai 8 paikkaa ja sen johtaja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> nousi myös itse parlamenttiin. Ryhmä muut sai 11 paikkaa. Vaalien suurin häviäjä oli aikaisempi valtapuolue <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sosialistinen_puolue_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sosialistinen puolue (Ranska)">Sosialistit</a> PS, joka sai 29 paikkaa ja liittolaisineen 44 paikkaa. Sosialistit hävisivät yli 250 paikkaa. Vaalien suurin poliittinen mullistus olikin presidentti Macronin perustaman uuden poliittisen ryhmittymän voimakas nousu valtaan sekä sosialistisen puolueen romahdus. Äänestysvilkkaus parlamenttivaaleissa oli alle 44%.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ranskan_asevoimat">Ranskan asevoimat</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Ranskan asevoimat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Gaule96.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaule96.jpg/250px-Gaule96.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="443"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaule96.jpg/250px-Gaule96.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaule96.jpg/375px-Gaule96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gaule96.jpg/500px-Gaule96.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ydinkäyttöinen lentotukialus <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FS_Charles_de_Gaulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FS Charles de Gaulle">FS Charles de Gaulle</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Ranska on uudistanut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_asevoimat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan asevoimat">asevoimiaan</a> voimakkaasti vuodesta 2008 alkaen ja alkanut 40 vuoden tauon jälkeen osallistua aktiivisesti Naton sotilaalliseen toimintaan. Sarkozyn aikana Ranska lähentyi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nato">Natoa</a> ja toimi aktiivisesti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afganistan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afganistan">Afganistanin</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISAF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISAF">ISAF</a>-operaatiossa ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Iranin</a> ydinasekysymyksessä. Se oli keskeinen tekijä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuoden_2011_sotilasinterventio_Libyassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vuoden 2011 sotilasinterventio Libyassa">Libyaan iskeneessä</a> kansainvälisessä yhteisössä keväällä 2011.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> Ydinpelote on edelleen tärkeä osa maan puolustusstrategiaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> Ranskalla on ydinkäyttöinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lentotukialus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lentotukialus">lentotukialus</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/FS_Charles_de_Gaulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="FS Charles de Gaulle">FS Charles de Gaulle</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Asevoimat jakautuu neljään <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puolustushaara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puolustushaara">puolustushaaraan</a>: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_maavoimat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan maavoimat">maavoimiin</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_merivoimat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan merivoimat">merivoimiin</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_ilmavoimat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranskan ilmavoimat">ilmavoimiin</a> ja puolustusministeriön alaisiin poliisijoukkoihin eli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santarmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santarmi">santarmeihin</a> (la Gendarmerie nationale).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Armeija koostuu nykyään ainoastaan palkkasotilaista, sillä yleinen asevelvollisuus lyhennettiin yhden kutsuntapäivän mittaiseksi vuonna 2001. Kokonaisvahvuus on noin 350 000 henkeä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hallinnollinen_jako">Hallinnollinen jako</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Hallinnollinen jako" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkelit: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_aluehallinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan aluehallinto">Ranskan aluehallinto</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_departementit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan departementit">Ranskan departementit</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_arrondissementit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan arrondissementit">Ranskan arrondissementit</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kantonit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kantonit">Ranskan kantonit</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kunnat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kunnat">Ranskan kunnat</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Ylimmän tason hallintoalueita (ransk. région) on Ranskassa yhteensä 18. Manner-Ranska jakaantuu 12 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_aluehallinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan aluehallinto">alueeseen</a>. Lisäksi Korsikan aluehallinto rinnastetaan usein alueeksi. Merentakaisia alueita on viisi.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Alueet jakautuvat 101 numeroituun <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_departementit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan departementit">departementtiin</a> (département), joista 95 sijaitsee Manner-Ranskassa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Departementtien numeroita käytetään <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Postinumero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Postinumero">postinumeroissa</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auto">autojen</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rekisterikilpi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rekisterikilpi">rekisterikilvissä</a>. Departementit koostuvat arrondissementeista (arrondissement), jotka jakautuvat kantoneiksi (cantons) ja kantonit edelleen kunniksi (communes).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ranskan_alueet_ja_departementit">Ranskan alueet ja departementit</h4> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Ranskan alueet ja departementit" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Usson_JPG01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/250px-Usson_JPG01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/250px-Usson_JPG01.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/375px-Usson_JPG01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Usson_JPG01.jpg/500px-Usson_JPG01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ussonin kylä Auvergnessa. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/250px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/250px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/375px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg/500px-Most_beautiful_villages_of_the_world_montsoreau_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loire">Loire-joki</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montsoreau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montsoreau">Montsoreaussa</a> Loiren laaksossa </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Lavender_field.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/250px-Lavender_field.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="778"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 182px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/250px-Lavender_field.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/375px-Lavender_field.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Lavender_field.jpg/500px-Lavender_field.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laventeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Laventeli">Laventeliviljelmä</a> Provencessa. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Corbara-Village.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Corbara-Village.jpg/250px-Corbara-Village.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Corbara-Village.jpg/250px-Corbara-Village.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Corbara-Village.jpg/375px-Corbara-Village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Corbara-Village.jpg/500px-Corbara-Village.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Asutusta Korsikan karun luonnon keskellä. </figcaption> </figure> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="4">Manner-Ranska ja Korsika</th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Alue</th> <th>Pääkaupunki</th> <th>Departementit</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/20px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/20px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/30px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg/40px-Blason_Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ain">Ain</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allier_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allier (departementti)">Allier</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ard%C3%A8che?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ardèche">Ardèche</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantal_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantal (departementti)">Cantal</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drôme">Drôme</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Loire">Haute-Loire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Savoie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Is%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Isère">Isère</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loire_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loire (departementti)">Loire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puy-de-D%C3%B4me?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puy-de-Dôme">Puy-de-Dôme</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhône (departementti)">Rhône</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savoie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Savoie">Savoie</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_Brittany.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Brittany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brittany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4tes-d%27Armor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côtes-d'Armor">Côtes-d'Armor</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morbihan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Bourgogne_Franche_Comt%C3%A9.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burgundi-Franche-Comt%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burgundi-Franche-Comté">Burgundi-Franche-Comté</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dijon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doubs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jura_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jura (departementti)">Jura</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ni%C3%A8vre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nièvre">Nièvre</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saône-et-Loire">Saône-et-Loire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yonne">Yonne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Centre"> <noscript> <img alt="Flag of Centre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/20px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/20px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png" data-alt="Flag of Centre" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/30px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg/40px-Blason_Centre-Val_de_Loire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cher_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cher (departementti)">Cher</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eure-et-Loir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eure-et-Loir">Eure-et-Loir</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indre">Indre</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indre-et-Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indre-et-Loire">Indre-et-Loire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loiret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loir-et-Cher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grand_Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strasbourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ardennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ardennes">Ardennes</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aube?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aube">Aube</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas-Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Marne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Marne">Haute-Marne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haut-Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marne_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marne (departementti)">Marne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meurthe-et-Moselle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meurthe-et-Moselle">Meurthe-et-Moselle</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moselle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moselle">Moselle</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vosges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vosges">Vosges</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hauts-de-France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lille">Lille</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aisne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aisne">Aisne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nord_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nord (departementti)">Nord</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oise">Oise</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pas-de-Calais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somme">Somme</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/20px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="216"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/20px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/30px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg/40px-Proposed_flag_of_%C3%8Ele-de-France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisi">Pariisi</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Essonne">Essonne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisi">Pariisi</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seine-et-Marne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Val-de-Marne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Val-de-Marne">Val-de-Marne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Val-d%27Oise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Val-d'Oise">Val-d'Oise</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yvelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yvelines">Yvelines</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_Corsica.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/20px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/20px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/30px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_Corsica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Corsica.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsika">Korsika</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajaccio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corse-du-Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corse-du-Sud">Corse-du-Sud</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Corse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Corse">Haute-Corse</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/20px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/20px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/30px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg/40px-Blason_Duch%C3%A9_de_Normandie.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandia">Normandia</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caen">Caen</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calvados_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calvados (departementti)">Calvados</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eure">Eure</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manche">Manche</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orne_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orne (departementti)">Orne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seine-Maritime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg/20px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg/30px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg/40px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Occitanie.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oksitania_(hallinnollinen_alue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oksitania (hallinnollinen alue)">Oksitania</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toulouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ariège">Ariège</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aveyron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aveyron">Aveyron</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aude">Aude</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gard">Gard</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gers">Gers</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Garonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Garonne">Haute-Garonne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hautes-Pyrénées">Hautes-Pyrénées</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérault">Hérault</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lot_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lot (departementti)">Lot</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loz%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lozère">Lozère</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Orientales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyrénées-Orientales">Pyrénées-Orientales</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarn">Tarn</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarn-et-Garonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarn-et-Garonne">Tarn-et-Garonne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/20px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="420"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/20px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/30px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg/40px-Unofficial_flag_of_Pays-de-la-Loire.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loire-Atlantique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maine-et-Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maine-et-Loire">Maine-et-Loire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayenne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayenne">Mayenne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarthe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarthe">Sarthe</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vendée">Vendée</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/20px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/20px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg/40px-Flag_of_Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provence-Alpit-Riviera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provence-Alpit-Riviera">Provence-Alpit-Riviera</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes-de-Haute-Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes-de-Haute-Provence">Alpes-de-Haute-Provence</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes-Maritimes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes-Maritimes">Alpes-Maritimes</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouches-du-Rh%C3%B4ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouches-du-Rhône">Bouches-du-Rhône</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hautes-Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hautes-Alpes">Hautes-Alpes</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Var_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Var (departementti)">Var</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaucluse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaucluse">Vaucluse</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg/20px-BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1187"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg/20px-BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg.png" data-width="20" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg/30px-BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg/40px-BlasonNouvelleAquitaine.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uusi-Akvitania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uusi-Akvitania">Uusi-Akvitania</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bordeaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charente_(departementti)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charente (departementti)">Charente</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charente-Maritime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charente-Maritime">Charente-Maritime</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corr%C3%A8ze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corrèze">Corrèze</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Creuse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deux-S%C3%A8vres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deux-Sèvres">Deux-Sèvres</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dordogne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haute-Vienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haute-Vienne">Haute-Vienne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gironde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gironde">Gironde</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Landes">Landes</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lot-et-Garonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lot-et-Garonne">Lot-et-Garonne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es-Atlantiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyrénées-Atlantiques">Pyrénées-Atlantiques</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vienne">Vienne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Merentakaiset alueet</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of French Guiana"> <noscript> <img alt="Flag of French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/20px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/20px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" data-alt="Flag of French Guiana" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/30px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/40px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Ranskan Guayana</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cayenne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Ranskan Guayana</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_(local).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Guadeloupe"> <noscript> <img alt="Flag of Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/20px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/20px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" data-alt="Flag of Guadeloupe" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/30px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/40px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadeloupe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basse-Terre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadeloupe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag-of-Martinique.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Martinique"> <noscript> <img alt="Flag of Martinique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/20px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/20px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" data-alt="Flag of Martinique" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/30px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/40px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martinique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort-de-France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martinique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_Mayotte_(local).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="unofficial flag of Mayotte"> <noscript> <img alt="unofficial flag of Mayotte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png" data-alt="unofficial flag of Mayotte" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mayotte_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mamoudzou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Flag_of_France.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Reunion"> <noscript> <img alt="Flag of Reunion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="Flag of Reunion" data-width="20" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a></td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Suurimpia_kaupunkeja">Suurimpia kaupunkeja</h4> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Suurimpia kaupunkeja" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Katso myös: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_Ranskan_kaupungeista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luettelo Ranskan kaupungeista">Luettelo Ranskan kaupungeista</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg/250px-Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg/250px-Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg/375px-Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg/500px-Eiffel_st-jacques_horz_jms.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ranskan pääkaupunki Pariisi. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Nice-seafront.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nice-seafront.jpg/250px-Nice-seafront.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nice-seafront.jpg/250px-Nice-seafront.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nice-seafront.jpg/375px-Nice-seafront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Nice-seafront.jpg/500px-Nice-seafront.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Nizza. </figcaption> </figure> Kaupunkien asukasluvuksi on ilmoitettu sekä kantakaupungin väestömäärä että koko kaupunkialueen asukasluku (2012).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Kaupunki</th> <th>Asukasluku (kaupunki)</th> <th>Asukasluku (kaupunkialue)</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisi">Pariisi</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&02240621.&&&&002 240 621</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&012341418.&&&&0012 341 418</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0852516.&&&&00852 516</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&01727070.&&&&001 727 070</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0496343.&&&&00496 343</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&02214068.&&&&002 214 068</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toulouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0453317.&&&&00453 317</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&01270760.&&&&001 270 760</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nizza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nizza">Nizza</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0343629.&&&&00343 629</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&01004914.&&&&001 004 914</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0291604.&&&&00291 604</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0897713.&&&&00897 713</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strasbourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0274394.&&&&00274 394</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0768868.&&&&00768 868</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montpellier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0268456.&&&&00268 456</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0569956.&&&&00569 956</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bordeaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0241287.&&&&00241 287</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&01158431.&&&&001 158 431</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lille">Lille</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0228652.&&&&00228 652</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&01166452.&&&&001 166 452</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0209860.&&&&00209 860</td> <td align="right">&&&&&&&&&0690467.&&&&00690 467</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ranskan_merentakaiset_alueet">Ranskan merentakaiset alueet</h4> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Ranskan merentakaiset alueet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_merentakaiset_alueet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan merentakaiset alueet">Ranskan merentakaiset alueet</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Outre-mer_en.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/250px-Outre-mer_en.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="740"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/250px-Outre-mer_en.png" data-width="250" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/375px-Outre-mer_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outre-mer_en.png/500px-Outre-mer_en.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ranskan alueet maailmalla. </figcaption> </figure> Siirtomaa-ajan jäljiltä Ranskaan kuuluu myös Euroopan ulkopuolisia alueita, joissa asuu 2,5 miljoonaa asukasta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Merentakaisista alueista <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadeloupe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martinique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Ranskan Guayana</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> ovat departementteja, ja ne kuuluvat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroopan_unioni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroopan unioni">Euroopan unioniin</a> ja käyttävät valuuttanaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euroa</a>. Ranskan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tyynimeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tyynimeri">Tyynenmeren</a> territorioiden valuutta on Ranskan Tyynenmeren frangi (CFP).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Nimi</th> <th>Lyhenne</th> <th>Suomeksi</th> <th>Alueet</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Départements d’outre-mer</td> <td>DOM</td> <td>Merentakaiset departementit</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadeloupe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martinique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Ranskan Guayana</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Collectivités territoriales</td> <td>COM</td> <td>Alueelliset yhteisöt</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Martin_(Ranska)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Martin (Ranska)">Saint-Martin</a> (ranskalainen osa) <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Pierre_ja_Miquelon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Pierre ja Miquelon">Saint-Pierre ja Miquelon</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallis_ja_Futuna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallis ja Futuna">Wallis ja Futuna</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pays d’outre-mer</td> <td>POM</td> <td>Merentakaiset maat</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Polynesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Polynesia">Ranskan Polynesia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Collectivité sui generis</td> <td align="center">–</td> <td align="center">–</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uusi-Kaledonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uusi-Kaledonia">Uusi-Kaledonia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Territoires d’outre-mer</td> <td>TOM</td> <td>Merentakaiset territoriot</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_etel%C3%A4iset_ja_antarktiset_alueet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan eteläiset ja antarktiset alueet">Ranskan eteläiset ja antarktiset alueet</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lienmaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adélienmaa">Ranskan vaatimus</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etel%C3%A4manner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etelämanner">Antarktiksella</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Îles Éparses de l’Océan Indien (Intian valtameren erillissaaret)</td> <td align="center">–</td> <td>Viisi saarta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intian_valtameri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intian valtameri">Intian valtameressä</a>, joissa ei ole pysyvää asutusta ja joita hallinnoidaan Réunionilta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bassas_da_India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_(saari)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa (saari)">Europa</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_de_Nova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juan de Nova">Juan de Nova</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gloriososaaret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gloriososaaret">Gloriososaaret</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tromelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tromelin">Tromelin</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Talous">Talous</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Talous" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_talous?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan talous">Ranskan talous</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Ranskan markkinahintainen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruttokansantuote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruttokansantuote">bruttokansantuote</a> on noin 3,1 biljoonaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_dollari?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yhdysvaltain dollari">Yhdysvaltain dollaria</a> vuonna 2024, ostovoimakorjattuna luku on noin 4,0 biljoonaa dollaria.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ImfEuro-4">[4]</a> Markkinahinnoin Ranskan kansantalous on maailman viidenneksi suurin, ostovoimapariteettien mukainen sijoitus on pari pykälää alempi. Ranskan ja Britannian bruttokansantuotteet ovat varsin samankokoisia, joten se kummalla on virallisesti isompi, vaihtelee tilastolähteen ja tilastovuoden mukaan. Pienehkökin muutos punnan arvossa suhteessa euroon riittää keikauttamaan maiden sijoitukset virallisissa tilastoissa. Noin 1,7 prosenttia Ranskan bruttokansantuotteesta muodostuu maataloudesta, 18,5 prosenttia teollisuudesta ja loput lähes kahdeksankymmentä prosenttia palveluista. Ranska kuuluu maailman johtavien teollisuusmaiden <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G8">G8</a>-ryhmään ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maailman_kauppaj%C3%A4rjest%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maailman kauppajärjestö">Maailman kauppajärjestöön</a>. Sen valuutta on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a>, joka korvasi aiemman valuutan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_frangi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan frangi">ranskan frangin</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Ranskan tärkein maataloustuote on viini. Teollisuuden tärkeimpiä tuotteita ovat lentokoneet, autot, koneet, kemikaalit ja elektroniikka,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> kuten ”Ranskan piilaakson” eli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grenoble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grenoble">Grenoblen</a> seudun tuottamat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mikropiiri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mikropiiri">mikropiirit</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Vaikka määrätietoista yksityistämistä on harjoitettu 1990-luvun puolivälistä alkaen, valtio säätelee edelleen suurta osaa taloudellisesta toiminnasta ja omistaa osuuksia monista yrityksistä esimerkiksi pankki,-, energia-, kuljetus- ja tietoliikennealoilla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> Vuoden 2008 lopulla kärjistynyt <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finanssikriisi_(2007%E2%80%932009)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finanssikriisi (2007–2009)">finanssikriisi</a> ja vuonna 2009 alkanut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taantuma_(2008%E2%80%932009)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taantuma (2008–2009)">taantuma</a> nosti Ranskan työttömyyden vuosina 2010 ja 2011 yli yhdeksään prosenttiin.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> Vuonna 2010 Ranska ilmoitti käyttävänsä noin 26 miljardia euroa jaettavaksi elvytysrahana <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konkurssi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konkurssi">konkurssin</a> partaalle joutuneille yhtiöille.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tyt-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Maatalous">Maatalous</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Maatalous" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg/250px-Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="591"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg/250px-Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg/375px-Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg/500px-Champagne_vineyard_and_Church.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Viininviljelyä samppanjaa varten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Champagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Champagne">Champagnen</a> maakunnassa. </figcaption> </figure> Ranska on Euroopan tärkein maataloustuottaja. Maataloudella ei ole enää entisenlaista merkitystä kansantaloudelle, mutta se muodostaa yhä suurimman osan viennistä. Ranskasta viedään esimerkiksi erilaisia <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viini">viinejä</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juusto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juusto">juustoja</a>. Euroopan maatalouden huomattava ylituotanto on laskenut kannattavuutta myös Ranskassa, etenkin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Valmistus" title="Viini">viininvalmistuksessa</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">[74]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MMM-75">[75]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vehn%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vehnä">Vehnää</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ohra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ohra">ohraa</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaura">kauraa</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruis">ruista</a> viljellään suuria määriä pääasiassa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pariisin_allas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pariisin allas (sivua ei ole)">Pariisin altaassa</a> ja maan pohjoisosissa. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maissi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maissi">Maissia</a> viljellään eniten maan eteläisissä osissa, mutta vähitellen myös pohjoisempana. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juures">Juureksia</a>, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punajuuri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Punajuuri">punajuurta</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peruna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peruna">perunaa</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sokerijuurikas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sokerijuurikas">sokerijuurikasta</a> kasvatetaan viileämmillä alueilla maan pohjoisimmissa osissa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">[74]</a> Hedelmiä kasvatetaan paljon maan eri puolilla: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandia">Normandia</a> ja Bretagne ovat tunnettuja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Omena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Omena">omenoistaan</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akvitania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akvitania">Akvitania</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luumu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luumu">luumuistaan</a>. Lämpimässä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhône">Rhônen</a> laaksossa tuotetaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aprikoosi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aprikoosi">aprikooseja</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persikka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persikka">persikoita</a>, vadelmia ja kastanjoita.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viinik%C3%B6ynn%C3%B6s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viiniköynnös">Viiniä</a> viljellään lähes koko maassa, ja viinien <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viinintuotanto_Ranskassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viinintuotanto Ranskassa">kokonaistuotannossa</a> Ranska on heti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italia">Italian</a> jälkeen toisella sijalla. Ranskassa valmistettiin ajanjaksolla 2008–2019 vuosittain noin 45 miljoonaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hehtolitra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hehtolitra">hehtolitraa</a> viiniä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MMM-75">[75]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Languedoc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Languedoc">Languedocissa</a> tuotetaan suurin määrä viinejä vuodessa, mutta laatuviinejä tuotetaan eniten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bordeaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux’ssa</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">[74]</a> Tunnettuja viinialueita ovat myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loire">Loire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alsace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Champagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Champagne">Champagne</a>. Ainoastaan Champagnessa valmistettua <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuohuviini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuohuviini">kuohuviiniä</a> saa nimittää <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samppanja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samppanja">samppanjaksi</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Karjataloudessa nauta on tärkein tuotantoeläin. Luoteis-Ranskassa tuotetaan eniten maitotuotteita, kun taas Keskiylängöllä kasvatetaan enemmän lihakarjaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">[74]</a> Myös sikoja, lampaita ja vuohia kasvatetaan. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuohenmaito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vuohenmaito">Vuohen-</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lampaanmaito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lampaanmaito">lampaanmaidosta</a> valmistetaan hienoimpia ranskalaisia juustoja, esimerkiksi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roquefort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roquefort">Roquefort</a> tehdään lampaanmaidosta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Palvelut">Palvelut</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Palvelut" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Palvelusektori on kasvanut nopeasti, ja useimmat uudet työpaikat ovat viime vuosina syntyneet sinne.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> Ranskassa käy vuosittain yli 75 miljoonaa matkailijaa, ja se on maailman suosituin matkailumaa. Pelkästään <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eiffel-torni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eiffel-torni">Eiffel-tornissa</a> käy vuosittain 5,6 miljoonaa matkailijaa. Maassa on yleisölle avoinna 3 900 museota ja 1 500 linnaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Suosituimpia vierailukohteita ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dordogne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Riviera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Riviera">Ranskan Riviera</a> sekä muu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provence">Provence</a>, ja monet matkailijat käyvät myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisi">Pariisissa</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Teollisuus_ja_energia">Teollisuus ja energia</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Teollisuus ja energia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_Ranskassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia Ranskassa">Energia Ranskassa</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:A380-a.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A380-a.jpg/250px-A380-a.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="1080"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A380-a.jpg/250px-A380-a.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A380-a.jpg/375px-A380-a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/A380-a.jpg/500px-A380-a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ensimmäinen valmistunut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airbus_A380?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airbus A380">Airbus A380</a> -matkustajalentokone Pariisin ilmailunäyttelyssä. </figcaption> </figure> Manner-Ranskassa on vain vähän arvokkaita <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mineraali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mineraali">mineraaliesiintymiä</a>. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rautamalmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rautamalmi">Rautamalmia</a> louhittiin aikoinaan paljon, mutta sittemmin esiintymät ovat ehtyneet. Alumiinimalmia, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bauksiitti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bauksiitti">bauksiittia</a>, louhittiin ensimmäistä kertaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Les_Baux-de-Provence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Les Baux-de-Provence">Les Baux’n</a> pikkukylässä, jonka nimestä sana ’bauksiitti’ on johdettu.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">[74]</a> Keskiylängöltä on kaivettu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ydinvoima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ydinvoima">ydinvoimaloiden</a> energialähteeksi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uraanin_esiintyminen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uraanin esiintyminen">uraanimalmia</a>, mutta esiintymät ovat pieniä ja ehtymässä. Ne eivät riitä enää ydinvoimaloille, jotka tuottavat yli puolet Manner-Ranskan tarvitsemasta sähköstä. Laajoja jokivesistöjä on hyödynnetty vesivoimaloita rakentamalla. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fossiilinen_polttoaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fossiilinen polttoaine">Fossiilisilla polttoaineilla</a> tuotetaan enää noin puolet koko energiasta ja kymmenisen prosenttia sähköntuotantokapasiteetista, ja ydinvoiman ja vesivoiman kasvanut tuotanto on supistanut tuontienergian määrää.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eyt-83">[83]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IEA-84">[84]</a> Teollisuus on keskittynyt Pariisin ympäristöön ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toulouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toulouse">Toulouseen</a>, jonne on syntynyt paljon lentokone- ja avaruusteknologiaa. Toulousen ympäristössä toimiva avaruus- ja lentokoneteknologian keskus Aerospace Valley työllistää 120 000 henkeä teollisuudessa ja 8500 tutkimuksessa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Toulousessa toimiva <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airbus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> on Euroopan suurin lentokonetehdas.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Ranskassa on myös paljon <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrokemia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrokemia">petrokemian</a> teollisuutta, ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ter%C3%A4s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teräs">terästuotanto</a> on suurimpia teollisen toiminnan aloja.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">[74]</a> Tunnetuimpia ranskalaisvalmisteisia automerkkejä ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renault">Renault</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peugeot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Citroën">Citroën</a>. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelin">Michelin</a> on tunnettu autonrenkaista.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liikenne">Liikenne</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Liikenne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Ranskassa on 29 640 kilometriä rautateitä ja 951 200 kilometriä maanteitä. Nopeimpia junia kutsutaan nimellä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TGV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TGV">TGV</a> (Train à Grande Vitesse), ja ne saavuttavat 320 kilometrin tuntinopeuden.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Suurten kaupunkien välillä on nopea ja tehokas junaverkko, mutta pienille paikkakunnille julkiset liikenneyhteydet ovat heikot.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Maan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moottoritie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moottoritie">moottoritieverkosto</a> on kattava, tosin suuri osa niistä on maksullisia. Ranskassa on 475 lentokenttää. Neljällätoista niistä on yli kolme kilometriä pitkä kiitotie. Maan kansallinen lentoyhtiö on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Air_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Air France">Air France</a>. Maan vilkkain ja vuonna 2016 myös Euroopan toiseksi vilkkain lentokenttä on Pariisin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_de_Gaullen_kansainv%C3%A4linen_lentoasema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles de Gaullen kansainvälinen lentoasema">Charles de Gaullen kansainvälinen lentoasema</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91">[91]</a> jolta on yhteyksiä lähes joka puolille maailmaa lukuisilla eri lentoyhtiöillä. Muita merkittäviä lentokenttiä ovat Pariisin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orlyn_lentoasema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orlyn lentoasema">Orlyn lentoasema</a>, Nizzan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Azurin_kansainv%C3%A4linen_lentoasema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Côte d’Azurin kansainvälinen lentoasema">Côte d’Azurin kansainvälinen lentoasema</a>, Lyonin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Exup%C3%A9ryn_kansainv%C3%A4linen_lentoasema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Exupéryn kansainvälinen lentoasema">Saint-Exupéryn kansainvälinen lentoasema</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toulouse-Blagnacin_lentoasema?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toulouse-Blagnacin lentoasema">Toulouse-Blagnacin lentoasema</a>. Satamakaupunkeja ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calais">Calais</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunkerque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunkerque">Dunkerque</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Havre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marseille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, Pariisi ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CIA-1">[1]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Väestö">Väestö</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Väestö" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/250px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1046"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/250px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/375px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg/500px-Lyon_vue_depuis_fourviere.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> </figcaption> </figure> Vuonna 2021 Ranskan väkiluvuksi tilastoitiin 67 400 000, ja eurooppalaisessa Ranskassa asui 65 300 000 ihmistä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population-2">[2]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population_metropolitaine-3">[3]</a> Ranskan väestömäärä kasvoi 24 % vuosina 1975–2020. Pidemmällä ajanjaksolla Ranskan väestönkasvu on ollut monia muita Euroopan maita hitaampaa, sen väkiluku kaksinkertaistui 1820-luvulta 2020-luvulle, eli kahdessasadassa vuodessa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-statista_population-92">[92]</a> Vuonna 2021 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%A4est%C3%B6tiheys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Väestötiheys">väestötiheys</a> oli 120 asukasta / km².<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-93">[93]</a> Väestön ikääntyminen heikentää <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huoltosuhde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huoltosuhde">huoltosuhdetta</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Vuonna 2021 noin kymmenen prosenttia ranskalaisista oli maahanmuuttajia (syntynyt Ranskan ulkopuolella). Luku on Euroopan keskitasoa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kielet">Kielet</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Kielet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Ranskassa puhutaan pääasiassa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kieli">ranskaa</a>, joka on perustuslain 2 §:n mukaan maan ainoa virallinen kieli.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EC-96">[96]</a> Ranskaa puhutaan myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sveitsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sveitsi">Sveitsissä</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgia">Belgiassa</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco">Monacossa</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanada">Kanadan</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quebec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quebec">Quebecissa</a>. Toisena kielenä sitä puhutaan erityisesti Ranskan entisissä siirtomaavaltioissa Afrikassa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Ranskaa puhuu äidinkielenään arviolta 110 miljoonaa ihmistä<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[98]</a> ja 190 miljoonaa toisena kielenä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Ranskaa käytettiin 1600-luvulta 1900-luvulle diplomatian ja muun kansainvälisen toiminnan kielenä, ja se oli myös korkeakoulutetun eurooppalaisväestön työkieli, kunnes <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Englannin_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Englannin kieli">englanti</a> syrjäytti ranskan kansainvälisenä yleiskielenä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Perinteisiä Ranskan vähemmistökieliä ovat Bretagnen kelttiläinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretoni">bretoni</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dunkerque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dunkerque">Dunkerquen</a> suunnalla puhutut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flaamin_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaamin kieli">flaamilaismurteet</a>, itärajan maakuntien <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elsassi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elsassi">elsassi</a>, Perpignanin seudun <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katalaani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katalaani">katalaani</a> ja Biarritzin ympäristön <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baskin_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baskin kieli">baski</a>. Myös Korsikalla puhutaan omaa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsikan_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsikan kieli">korsikan kieltä</a>, joka muistuttaa enemmän <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian kieli">italiaa</a> kuin ranskaa. Vähemmistökieliin on suhtauduttu kielteisesti vuosisatoja. Nykyään niitä saa kuitenkin opettaa koulussa vapaaehtoisina aineina.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EC-96">[96]</a> Viime aikoina maahanmuuttajien äidinkieliä ovat esimerkiksi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkin_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkin kieli">turkki</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabian_kieli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabian kieli">arabia</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berberi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Berberi">berberikielet</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Uskonnot">Uskonnot</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Uskonnot" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_(Chartres)_(2).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg/250px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4750" data-file-height="3100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg/250px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg/375px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg/500px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_%28Chartres%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chartresin_katedraali?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chartresin katedraali">Chartresin katedraali</a>. </figcaption> </figure> Ranskassa valtio ja uskonto on erotettu tiukasti toisistaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_sekularismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan sekularismi">laïcité</a>-periaatteen eli tunnustuksettomuuden mukaisesti, eikä eri uskontokuntiin kuuluvia tilastoida virallisesti. Suurin uskonto on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolinen_kirkko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolinen kirkko">katolisuus</a>, jonka tunnustajaksi itsensä ilmoittaa 51 prosenttia ranskalaisista. Noin kymmenen prosenttia käy säännöllisesti kirkossa. Itseään katolilaisina pitävien määrä on vähentynyt nopeasti 1990-luvun alun 80 prosentista. Ateistina itseään pitää nykyisin 31 prosenttia ranskalaisista.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Ranskassa on suuri <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">muslimivähemmistö</a>, koska suuri osa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pohjois-Afrikka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pohjois-Afrikka">Pohjois-Afrikasta</a> oli Ranskan siirtomaita 1950-luvulle asti. Vuonna 2021 muslimeja oli 5 % väestöstä. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_juutalaiset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan juutalaiset">Juutalaisia</a> Ranskassa on noin 600 000.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Minority_Rights_Group_International-105">[105]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Koulutus">Koulutus</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Koulutus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Koulunkäynti on maksutonta kaksivuotiaasta alkaen, ja oppivelvollisuus on voimassa 6–16-vuotiaille. Julkinen koulutusjärjestelmä on keskusjohtoinen, ja useimpia yksityiskouluja ylläpitää katolinen kirkko. Korkeakoulutuksella on pitkät perinteet, sillä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pariisin_yliopisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pariisin yliopisto">Pariisin yliopisto</a> on perustettu 1150. Nykyisin maassa toimii 91 julkista yliopistoa ja 175 ammatillista oppilaitosta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BGN-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Terveys">Terveys</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Terveys" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Vuonna 2004 tehdyssä terveysselvityksessä Ranskaa verrattiin 27 eurooppalaisen korkean elintason maan keskiarvoihin. Ranskalaisten naisten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elinajanodote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elinajanodote">elinajanodote</a> oli vertailuryhmän korkein 84 vuotta, kun taas miesten elinajanodote oli keskitasoa 76 vuotta. Ylipaino ja tupakointi olivat harvinaisempia kuin vertailuryhmässä, mutta alkoholin kulutus suurempaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WHO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO:n</a> vuonna 2004 tekemän selvityksen mukaan Ranskassa käytetään maailman kuudenneksi eniten alkoholia, puhtaaksi alkoholiksi muunnettuna noin 13,5 litraa aikuista kohti.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Vuoden 2024 raportin mukaan kulutus oli laskenut 11.3 litraan, mutta oli edelleen Euroopan keskitason (9.4 litraa aikuista kohti) yläpuolella.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Vuonna 2007 arvioitiin, että <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HIV">HIV:n</a> kantajia oli noin 0,4 prosenttia aikuisväestöstä, kaikkiaan noin 140 000 henkeä. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aids?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aids">Aidsiin</a> arvioitiin kuolleen noin 1 600 aikuista ja lasta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Kulttuuri">Kulttuuri</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Kulttuuri" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg/190px-Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="1446"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 225px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg/190px-Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg" data-width="190" data-height="225" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg/285px-Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg/380px-Moliere_theatrefran%C3%A7ais.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molière">Molière</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kulttuuri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kulttuuri">Ranskan kulttuuri</a> </div> </dd> </dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kirjallisuus">Kirjallisuus</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Kirjallisuus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Varhaisin ranskankielinen kirjallisuus 1000-luvun alussa oli eeppistä runoutta, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolandin_laulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolandin laulu">Rolandin laulu</a>. Tavallisen kansan parissa eli vertauskuvallisten eläintarinoiden, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faabeli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faabeli">faabelien</a> perinne. Keskiajan runoilijoista merkittävin oli pahamaineinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Villon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Villon">François Villon</a>, ja proosakirjailijoista <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffroi_de_Villehardouin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffroi de Villehardouin">Geoffroi de Villehardouin</a>, jonka Konstantinopolin valloituksen kuvaus <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=La_Conqu%C3%AAte_de_Constantinople&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="La Conquête de Constantinople (sivua ei ole)">La Conquête de Constantinople</a> on ensimmäinen alun perin muinaisranskaksi kirjoitettu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proosa">proosamuotoinen</a> teksti.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-tsk-111">[111]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renessanssi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renessanssi">Renessanssiajan</a> kirjailijoita olivat humoristi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Essee">esseisti</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel de Montaigne">Michel de Montaigne</a> ja runoilija <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_de_Ronsard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre de Ronsard">Pierre de Ronsard</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[113]</a> 1600-luvun <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klassismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klassismi">klassismin</a> aikana elivät Ranskan kirjallisuushistorian merkittävimmät näytelmäkirjailijat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Corneille?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Racine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molière">Molière</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114">[114]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valistusaika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valistusaika">Valistusajan</a> kirjailijoita olivat filosofit <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Voltaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montesquieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a>, ensyklopedisti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denis_Diderot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> ja kasvatukseen liittyvistä teorioista tunnettu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Jacques_Rousseau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Rousseau">Jean Jacques Rousseau</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[115]</a> 1800-luvun kirjailijoita ovat romantiikkaa edustavat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victor_Hugo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Sand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Sand">George Sand</a>, runoilijat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Rimbaud">Arthur Rimbaud</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Verlaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>, realistit <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stendhal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guy de Maupassant">Guy de Maupassant</a> sekä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historiallinen_romaani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historiallinen romaani">historiallisten romaanien</a> kirjoittaja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_vanhempi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Dumas vanhempi">Alexandre Dumas vanhempi</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116">[116]</a> 1900-luvun romaanikirjailijoita ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surrealismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Surrealismi">surrealismin</a> johtohahmo <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Breton">André Breton</a>, vuosisadan merkittävin ranskalaiskirjailija <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcel_Proust?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Proust</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eksistentialismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eksistentialismi">eksistentialistit</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Camus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> sekä naisten oikeuksiin huomiota kiinnittänyt <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>. Merkittäviä runoilijoita ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Val%C3%A9ry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Valéry">Paul Valéry</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a>, näytelmäkirjailijoista taas <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edmond_Rostand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Genet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Genet">Jean Genet</a>. 1950-luvun jälkeen Ranskassa on ollut vallalla niin sanottu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uusi_romaani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uusi romaani">uusi romaani</a> eli antiromaani, jonka tekijöitä ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathalie_Sarraute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nathalie Sarraute">Nathalie Sarraute</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Butor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Butor">Michel Butor</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alain_Robbe-Grillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alain Robbe-Grillet">Alain Robbe-Grillet</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tiede">Tiede</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Tiede" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_akatemia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan akatemia">Ranskan akatemia</a> on maailman kuuluisin akatemia ja monien muiden akatemioiden esikuva.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Sen perusti 1600-luvulla <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_de_Richelieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand de Richelieu">kardinaali Richelieu</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EC-96">[96]</a> Ranskassa on syntynyt 49 <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luettelo_Nobel-palkituista_henkil%C3%B6ist%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luettelo Nobel-palkituista henkilöistä">Nobel-palkittua henkilöä</a>. Heistä 7 on saanut fysiikan, 9 kemian, kaksi taloustieteen ja 12 lääketieteen ja fysiologian palkinnon.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Ranskan tieteen ja filosofian kenties maineikkain hahmo on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>. Luonnontieteilijöistä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Pasteur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> on antanut nimensä maidon <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Past%C3%B6rointi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pastörointi">pastöroinnille</a> ja luonut perustan nykyaikaiselle lääketieteelle, ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> on nykyaikaisen kemian isä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Vuonna 2009 Ranska investoi tutkimukseen ja kehitykseen 2,02 prosenttia bruttokansantuotteestaan,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121">[121]</a> mikä oli hiukan yli EU:n keskiarvon.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Musiikki">Musiikki</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Musiikki" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taidemusiikki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taidemusiikki">Taidemusiikissa</a> Ranskan merkitys on ollut perinteisesti suuri. Barokin ajan ranskalaissäveltäjistä tunnetuimpiin kuuluvat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Couperin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Couperin">François Couperin</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Romantiikkaa edustanut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hector_Berlioz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a> kehitti erityisesti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orkestraatio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkestraatio">orkestraatiota</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124">[124]</a> ja pianisti-säveltäjä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a> sai mainetta erityisesti Urkusinfoniallaan ja konsertoillaan.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Bizet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Bizet">Georges Bizet</a> puolestaan sävelsi 1800-luvun suosituimpiin oopperoihin lukeutuvan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carmen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carmen">Carmenin</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Taidemusiikin sävelkieltä ryhtyi 1800-luvun loppupuolella uudistamaan omaperäinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Debussy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[127]</a> ja hänen jalanjäljissään seurasi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Ravel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Ravel">Maurice Ravel</a>, jonka suosituimpia teoksia ovat baletit <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daphnis_et_Chloe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphnis et Chloe">Daphnis et Chloe</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolero">Bolero</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[128]</a> 1800- ja 1900-lukujen vaihteessa vaikutti eksentrisenä hahmona tunnettu pianosäveltäjä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erik_Satie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erik Satie">Erik Satie</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen urkuri <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurice_Durufl%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurice Duruflé">Maurice Duruflé</a> saavutti suosiota sielunmessullaan.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130">[130]</a> Ranskalaisen musiikin tunnetuimmat modernistit ovat perkussiivisestä tyylistään tunnettu varhainen avantgardisti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_Var%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edgar Varèse">Edgar Varèse</a>, uskonnollista mystiikkaa teoksiinsa sisällyttänyt <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a> sekä hänen oppilaansa, kapellimestarinakin ansioitunut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Boulez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kuvataide">Kuvataide</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Kuvataide" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Lascaux2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/250px-Lascaux2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/250px-Lascaux2.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/375px-Lascaux2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lascaux2.jpg/500px-Lascaux2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Seinämaalaus Lascaux’n luolassa. </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_taide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan taide">Ranskan taide</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Ranskalaisesta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lascaux%E2%80%99n_luola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lascaux’n luola">Lascaux’n luolasta</a> on löydetty <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalliomaalaus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalliomaalaus">esihistoriallisia luolamaalauksia</a>, jotka ovat yli viisitoistatuhatta vuotta vanhoja.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Yli tuhat vuotta vanhaa taidetta on säilynyt <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaarle_Suuri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaarle Suuri">Kaarle Suuren</a> ajan käsin kirjoitetuissa, runsaasti kuvitetuissa kirjoissa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134">[134]</a> 1600-luvun klassisia kuvataiteilijoita olivat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Poussin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Poussin">Nicolas Poussin</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Lorrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude Lorrain</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[135]</a> 1700-luvulla kehittyi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rokokoo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rokokoo">rokokoo</a>, jonka tunnetuimpia taidemaalareita olivat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoine_Watteau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoine Watteau">Antoine Watteau</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Boucher">François Boucher</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[136]</a> 1800-luvun lopulla <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> oli uusklassismin merkittävin taiteilija.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_(poster)_1895-6.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/250px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="1357"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 190px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/250px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/375px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg/500px-Lautrec_la_troupe_de_mlle_eglantine_%28poster%29_1895-6.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Toulouse-Lautrecin juliste, 1895. </figcaption> </figure> Romantiikan ajan merkittäviä kuvataiteilijoita olivat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Heidän jälkeensä taide kehittyi realistisemmaksi muun muassa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barbizonin_koulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barbizonin koulu">Barbizonin koulukunnan</a> vaikutuksesta.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Realismin kärkihahmoja olivat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gustave_Courbet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honoré Daumier">Honoré Daumier</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impressionismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impressionismi">Impressionismin</a> kehittäjät olivat enimmäkseen ranskalaisia, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Monet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_Degas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camille_Pissarro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[141]</a> 1800- ja 1900-lukujen vaihteessa Ranskasta oli tullut taiteen keskus, ja sinne muuttivat monet taiteilijat, kuten espanjalainen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pablo_Picasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. Samaan aikaan Pariisissa maalasivat myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Gauguin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Pariisin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avantgarde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avantgarde">avantgardepiireissä</a> syntyi myös 1900-luvun alussa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubismi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kubismi">kubismi</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Pariisin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> on maailman suurimpia ja tunnetuimpia taidemuseoita, ja siellä on runsaasti sekä ranskalaista että ulkomaista taidetta <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vincin</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mona_Lisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mona Lisa">Mona Lisasta</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milon_Venus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milon Venus">Milon Venukseen</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Elokuva">Elokuva</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Elokuva" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Maailman ensimmäinen julkinen elokuvaesitys pidettiin 28. joulukuuta 1895 Pariisin Grand Caféssa, jossa Antoine Lumière esitti poikiensa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8ren_veljekset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lumièren veljekset">August ja Louis Lumièren</a> elokuvia. Lumièren esittämistä elokuvista tunnetuin oli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juna_saapuu_asemalle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juna saapuu asemalle">Juna saapuu asemalle</a>. Elokuvan historian katsotaan alkaneen Lumièren veljesten esityksistä, vaikka muutkin olivat kehittäneet vastaavia tekniikoita.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kurki-145">[145]</a> Lumièren esitystä oli katsomassa myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_M%C3%A9li%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Méliès">Georges Méliès</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-kurki-145">[145]</a> Hän oli taikateatterin johtaja ja tuli pian tunnetuksi erikoistehosteita käyttävistä elokuvistaan, kuten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matka_kuuhun_(vuoden_1902_elokuva)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matka kuuhun (vuoden 1902 elokuva)">Matka kuuhun</a> (1902). Lähes 14 minuutin pituinen elokuva oli liian pitkä oman aikansa mittapuulla, mutta siitä tuli silti kansainvälinen menestys. Méliès ohjasi arviolta viisisataa elokuvaa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fh101-17-146">[146]</a> Lumièren veljesten ja Mélièsin vaikutus elokuvahistoriaan on ollut suuri. Mélièsiä pidetään usein <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A4ytelm%C3%A4elokuva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Näytelmäelokuva">näytelmäelokuvan</a> isänä,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fh101-17-146">[146]</a> kun taas Lumièren veljeksien katsotaan luoneen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dokumenttielokuva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dokumenttielokuva">dokumenttielokuvan</a>. Tosin Louis Lumièren ohjaama <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%27Arroseur_arros%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Arroseur arrosé">Puutarhuri</a> on tiettävästi maailman ensimmäinen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komediaelokuva?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komediaelokuva">komediaelokuva</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cousins-147">[147]</a> Ehkä maineikkain ranskalainen ohjaaja on elokuvan suuri humanisti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Renoir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>. Lisäksi <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Bresson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> on vaikuttanut minimalistisella tyylillään monien eurooppalaisten ja amerikkalaisten ohjaajien töihin.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Ranskassa Bresson vaikutti erityisesti <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskalaisen_elokuvan_uusi_aalto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskalaisen elokuvan uusi aalto">uuden aallon</a> ohjaajiin.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gale-149">[149]</a> Uusi aalto toi 1960-luvulla maailman tietoisuuteen sellaiset ohjaajat kuin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Chabrol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Chabrol">Claude Chabrol</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Ranskan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que_fran%C3%A7aise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinémathèque française">elokuva-arkisto</a> on alansa maineikkaimpia taidelaitoksia. Sen pitkäaikainen johtaja oli <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Langlois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[151]</a> 1940-luvulta asti järjestetty <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cannesin_elokuvajuhlat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cannesin elokuvajuhlat">Cannesin elokuvajuhla</a> on maailman kuuluisin elokuvajuhla ja maailman suurimpia mediatapahtumia.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Media">Media</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Ranskassa ilmestyy päivittäin lähes sata sanomalehteä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBCPROF-153">[153]</a> Useimmat ovat yksityisomistuksessa eivätkä ole sidoksissa poliittisiin puolueisiin. Sanomalehdistä arvostetuin on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a>, mutta suurin levikki on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rennes">Rennesissä</a> ilmestyvällä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ouest-France&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ouest-France (sivua ei ole)">Ouest-France</a>-lehdellä. Julkisrahoitteinen radiokanava France 1 lähettää ranskankielistä ohjelmaa sekä Manner-Ranskassa että merentakaisilla alueilla. Maailmanlaajuinen ranskankielinen televisiokanava on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TV5MONDE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TV5MONDE">TV5 Monde</a>, jota rahoittavat Ranskan lisäksi Belgia, Sveitsi ja Kanada. Ranskan suurin televisiokanava <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TF1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TF1">TF1</a> on yksityisessä omistuksessa.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBCPROF-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Lehdistö">Lehdistö</h4> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Lehdistö" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> Suurimmat kansalliset päivälehdet: <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Nimi</th> <th>Levikki 2022<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154">[154]</a></th> <th>Kuvaus<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nimet%C3%B6n-20231105094949-155">[155]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></td> <td>472 767</td> <td>arvostettu kansallinen päivälehti</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Figaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a></td> <td>351 526</td> <td>valtakunnallinen päivälehti, keskustaoikealle kallistuva</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Le_Parisien&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Le Parisien (sivua ei ole)">Le Parisien</a> + <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aujourd'hui_en_France&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aujourd'hui en France (sivua ei ole)">Aujourd'hui en France</a></td> <td>255 480</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%E2%80%99%C3%89quipe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L’Équipe">L’Équipe</a></td> <td>215 362</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Les_Echos_(ranskalainen_sanomalehti)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Les Echos (ranskalainen sanomalehti) (sivua ei ole)">Les Echos</a></td> <td>138 421</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libération">Libération</a></td> <td>96 551</td> <td>kansallinen päivälehti, keskustavasemmisto</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Croix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Croix">La Croix</a></td> <td>83 485</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%E2%80%99Humanit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="L’Humanité">L'Humanité</a></td> <td>37 060</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Suurimmat aikakauslehdet: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Nimeke</th> <th>Ilmestymistiheys<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nimet%C3%B6n_2-20231105094949-156">[156]</a></th> <th>Levikki<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nimet%C3%B6n_2-20231105094949-156">[156]</a></th> <th>Kuvaus</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Version Femina</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>2 069 041</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Merci pour l'Info</td> <td>Kuukausittain</td> <td>1 001 456</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Famille et Education - Magazine de l'APEL</td> <td>Kahdesti kuussa</td> <td>954 105</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télé 7 Jours</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>809 754</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télé Z</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>676 505</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Notre Temps</td> <td>Kuukausittain</td> <td>584 693</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télé Star</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>565 906</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>TV Grandes Chaînes</td> <td>Kahden viikon välein</td> <td>555 864</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télé 2 Semaines</td> <td>Kahden viikon välein</td> <td>525 064</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télé Loisirs</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>503 022</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>M Le Magazine du Monde</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>479 896</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Paris Match</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>478 769</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télérama</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>437 118</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télécable Sat Hebdo</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>426 573</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Femme Actuelle</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>406 756</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Pleine Vie</td> <td>Kuukausittain</td> <td>396 811</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Madame Figaro</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>384 558</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Le Figaro Magazine</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>375 377</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Le Point</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>295 614</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie_Claire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie Claire">Marie Claire</a></td> <td>Kuukausittain</td> <td>286 868</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elle">Elle</a></td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>282 804</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Maxi</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>282 126</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Avantages</td> <td>Kuukausittain</td> <td>280 284</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Télé Poche</td> <td>Viikoittain</td> <td>279 270</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Le Particulier</td> <td>Kuukausittain</td> <td>274 546</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Televisio">Televisio</h4> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Televisio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg/250px-La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg/250px-La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg/375px-La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg/500px-La_regia_di_France_24_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> France 24 </figcaption> </figure> Suosituimmat tv-kanavat <table class="wikitable"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Kanavan nimi</th> <th>Katsojaosuus 2022<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[157]</a></th> <th>Kuvaus<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Nimet%C3%B6n-20231105094949-155">[155]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TF1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TF1">TF1</a></td> <td>18,7</td> <td>kansallinen, kaupallinen kanava</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France 2">France 2</a></td> <td>14,8</td> <td>kansallinen, tärkein julkisrahoitteinen kanava</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France 3">France 3</a></td> <td>9,4</td> <td>kansallinen, julkisrahoitteinen</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M6_(televisiokanava)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="M6 (televisiokanava)">M6</a></td> <td>8,4</td> <td>kansallinen, kaupallinen kanava</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France_5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France 5">France 5</a></td> <td>3,6</td> <td>kansallinen, julkisrahoitteinen opetuskanava</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BFM_TV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BFM TV">BFM TV</a></td> <td>3,3</td> <td>kansallinen, kaupallinen uutiskanava</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TMC</td> <td>3,0</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte">Arte</a></td> <td>2,9</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>C8</td> <td>2,8</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>W9</td> <td>2,3</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>CNews</td> <td>2,1</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>RMC Story</td> <td>1,9</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>RMC Découverte</td> <td>1,9</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>TF1 Series Films</td> <td>1,7</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>LCI</td> <td>1,7</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Keittiö">Keittiö</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Keittiö" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Delicious_Cheese.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Delicious_Cheese.jpg/250px-Delicious_Cheese.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="989"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Delicious_Cheese.jpg/250px-Delicious_Cheese.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Delicious_Cheese.jpg/375px-Delicious_Cheese.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Delicious_Cheese.jpg/500px-Delicious_Cheese.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ranskalaisia juustoja. </figcaption> </figure> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskalainen_keitti%C3%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskalainen keittiö">Ranskalainen keittiö</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Ranskalainen keittiö on ranskalaisen kulttuurin suurimpia saavutuksia.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Päivän kolme pääateriaa ovat le petit déjeuner (aamiainen), le déjeuner (lounas) ja le dîner (illallinen).<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EC-96">[96]</a> Tunnetuimpia ranskalaisia juustoja ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brie_(juusto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brie (juusto)">brie</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camembert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camembert">camembert</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roquefort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roquefort">roquefort</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Eri alueilla on tunnusomaisia ruokia: lounaisosan pataruoka on <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cassoulet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cassoulet">cassoulet</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[160]</a> kun taas Burgundissa syödään burgundinpataa, koillisella Lorrainen alueella on juustopiiraansa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quiche_(leivonnainen)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quiche (leivonnainen)">quiche</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[161]</a> ja Provencella maustetahnat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tapenade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tapenade">tapenade</a>, pistou ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aiolikastike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aiolikastike">aïoli</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Juhlapäivät">Juhlapäivät</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Juhlapäivät" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg/250px-Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="954"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg/250px-Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg/375px-Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg/500px-Champs-Elysees-p1000418-smal.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Pariisin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Champs-Elysee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Champs-Elysee">Champs-Elysee</a> Ranskan kansallispäivänä. </figcaption> </figure> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Ajankohta</th> <th>Suomalainen nimi</th> <th>Paikallinen nimi</th> <th>Huomautuksia</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1. tammikuuta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uudenvuodenp%C3%A4iv%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uudenvuodenpäivä">Uudenvuodenpäivä</a></td> <td>Jour de l'An</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>(Ensimmäinen perjantai ennen kevään ensimmäistä täysikuuta)</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitk%C3%A4perjantai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pitkäperjantai">Pitkäperjantai</a></td> <td>Vendredi Saint</td> <td>Ylimääräinen vapaapäivä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas-Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhinin</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haut-Rhin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhinin</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moselle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moselle">Mosellen</a> departementeissa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(Kevään ensimmäisen täysikuun jälkeinen sunnuntai)</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4si%C3%A4inen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pääsiäinen">Pääsiäinen</a></td> <td>Pâques</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>(ks. yllä, seuraava päivä)</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4si%C3%A4ismaanantai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pääsiäismaanantai">Pääsiäismaanantai</a></td> <td>Lundi de Pâques</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>28. huhtikuuta</td> <td>Pyhän Pierre Chanelin päivä</td> <td>Saint-Pierre-Chanel</td> <td>Ylimääräinen katolilainen juhlapäivä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallis-_ja_Futunasaaret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallis- ja Futunasaaret">Wallis- ja Futunasaarilla</a> marttyyri Pierre Chanelin muistoksi</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1. toukokuuta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vappu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vappu">Vappu</a></td> <td>Fête du Travail</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>8. toukokuuta</td> <td>Voiton päivä</td> <td>Victoire 1945</td> <td>Toisen maailmansodan loppu</td> </tr> <tr> <td>22. toukokuuta</td> <td>Orjuuden lakkauttamisen muistopäivä</td> <td>Abolition de l’esclavage</td> <td>Vain <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martinique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>'n departementissa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>27. toukokuuta</td> <td>Orjuuden lakkauttamisen muistopäivä</td> <td>Abolition de l’esclavage</td> <td>Vain <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guadeloupe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>'n departementissa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(torstai 40 päivää pääsiäisen jälkeen)</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helatorstai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helatorstai">Helatorstai</a></td> <td>Ascension</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>(seitsemäs pääsiäisen jälkeinen sunnuntai)</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helluntai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helluntai">Helluntai</a></td> <td>Pentecôte</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>10. kesäkuuta</td> <td>Orjuuden lakkauttamisen muistopäivä</td> <td>Abolition de l’esclavage</td> <td>Vain <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Guayana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Guayana">Guayanan</a> departementissa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29. kesäkuuta</td> <td>Autonomian juhla</td> <td>Fête de l'autonomie</td> <td>Ylimääräinen juhlapäivä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Polynesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Polynesia">Ranskan Polynesiassa</a> autonomian saamiseksi alueelle</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14. heinäkuuta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_kansallisp%C3%A4iv%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan kansallispäivä">Ranskan kansallispäivä</a></td> <td>Fête Nationale</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bastiljin_valtaus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bastiljin valtaus">Bastiljin valtauksen</a> vuosipäivä</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21. heinäkuuta</td> <td>Victor Schoelcherin päivä</td> <td>Fête Victor Schoelcher</td> <td>Ylimääräinen juhlapäivä Guadeloupella ja Martiniquella orjuuden lakkauttajan, Victor Schoelcherin syntymäpäivän johdosta</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29. heinäkuuta</td> <td>Territorion päivä</td> <td>Fête du Territoire</td> <td>Ylimääräinen juhlapäivä Wallis- ja Futunasaarilla Merentakaisen territorion statuksen saamisesta 29. heinäkuuta 1961</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15. elokuuta</td> <td>-</td> <td>Assomption</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neitsyt_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neitsyt Maria">Neitsyt Marian</a> taivaaseenottaminen</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1. marraskuuta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4inp%C3%A4iv%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyhäinpäivä">Pyhäinpäivä</a></td> <td>Toussaint</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>11. marraskuuta</td> <td>-</td> <td>Commémoration de l’armistice de 1918</td> <td>Ensimmäisen maailmansodan loppu</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20. joulukuuta</td> <td>Orjuuden lakkauttamisen päivä</td> <td>Abolition de l’esclavage</td> <td>Ylimääräinen juhlapäivä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réunion">Réunionin</a> departementissa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25. joulukuuta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joulup%C3%A4iv%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Joulupäivä">Joulupäivä</a></td> <td>Noël</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>26. joulukuuta</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tapaninp%C3%A4iv%C3%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tapaninpäivä">Tapaninpäivä</a></td> <td>Saint-Étienne</td> <td>Ylimääräinen juhlapäivä Bas-Rhinin, Haut-Rhinin ja Mosellen departementeissa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>kuukalenterin 12 kuukauden 10 päivä</td> <td><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id_al-Adha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Id al-Adha">Id al-Adha</a></td> <td>Aïd el-Kebir</td> <td>Ylimääräinen juhlapäivä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayotte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mayotte">Mayottella</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islamin</a> tärkein juhla</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Urheilu">Urheilu</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Urheilu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/250px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2143" data-file-height="1709"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 199px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/250px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="199" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/375px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg/500px-TourDeFrance_2005_07_09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_ymp%C3%A4riajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan ympäriajo">Ranskan ympäriajo</a> vuonna 2005. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiedosto:P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_(France)_2003.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/250px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/250px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/375px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/500px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Petankin pelaajia Cannesissa. </figcaption> </figure> Harrastajamääriltään Ranskan suurimmat urheilulajit ovat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalkapallo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalkapallo">jalkapallo</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tennis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ratsastus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ratsastus">ratsastus</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judo">judo</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koripallo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koripallo">koripallo</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%A4sipallo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Käsipallo">käsipallo</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby">rugby</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petankki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petankki">petankki</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_jalkapallomaajoukkue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan jalkapallomaajoukkue">Ranskan jalkapallomaajoukkue</a> on voittanut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalkapallon_maailmanmestaruuskilpailut_1998?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalkapallon maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 1998">maailmanmestaruuden</a> 1998 ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalkapallon_maailmanmestaruuskilpailut_2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalkapallon maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2018">2018</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalkapallon_Euroopan-mestaruuskilpailut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalkapallon Euroopan-mestaruuskilpailut">Euroopan-mestaruuden</a> vuosina 1984 ja 2000.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jalkapallomm-164">[164]</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_koripallomaajoukkue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan koripallomaajoukkue">Koripallomaajoukkue</a> on osallistunut lukuisia kertoja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koripallon_Euroopan-mestaruuskilpailut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koripallon Euroopan-mestaruuskilpailut">EM-kilpailuihin</a>, ja paras saavutus on EM-hopea vuodelta 1949.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koripallo_olympialaisissa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koripallo olympialaisissa">Olympialaisissa</a> Ranskan koripallomaajoukkue on ollut kahdesti hopealla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[167]</a> Maalla on myös useita <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NBA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NBA">NBA</a>-pelaajia.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Ranskassa järjestetään säännöllisesti useita merkittäviä urheilutapahtumia. Vuosittainen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_ymp%C3%A4riajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan ympäriajo">Ranskan ympäriajo</a> on ammattilaismaantiepyöräilyn merkittävin kilpailu,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[169]</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_avoin_tennisturnaus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan avoin tennisturnaus">Ranskan avoin tennisturnaus</a> kuuluu arvostettuihin grand slam -turnauksiin.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Ranskan Bercy Stadionilla järjestettävä Judon Pariisin Grand Slam on myös todella suuri tapahtuma Ranskassa. Jalkapallo on Ranskan suosituin urheilulaji, ja rekisteröityneitä pelaajia on yli 1 800 000, ja rekisteröityneitä klubeja yli 18 000.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Sekä Ranskan jalkapallomaajoukkue että rugby unionin maajoukkue ovat saaneet lempinimen ”Les Bleus”, joka viittaa yhtä lailla joukkueen paidan väriin kuin Ranskan trikolorilippuun. Ranskan suurin stadion on 80 000 katsojapaikan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stade_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a>, jossa pidettiin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yleisurheilun_maailmanmestaruuskilpailut_2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2003">yleisurheilun maailmanmestaruuskilpailut 2003</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Ranskassa on pidetty <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jalkapallon_maailmanmestaruuskilpailut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jalkapallon maailmanmestaruuskilpailut">jalkapallon MM-kilpailut</a> vuosina 1938 ja 1998.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jalkapallomm-164">[164]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Mansin_24_tunnin_ajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Mansin 24 tunnin ajo">Le Mansin 24 tunnin ajo</a> on maailman tunnetuimpia autourheilukilpailuja.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Toinen huomattava autourheilutapahtuma Ranskassa on ollut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formula_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Formula 1">Formula 1</a> -luokassa vuosina 1901–2008 ajettu <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_Grand_Prix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan Grand Prix">Ranskan Grand Prix</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Korsikalla puolestaan ajetaan <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsikan_ralli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsikan ralli">Korsikan ralli</a>, joka on kuulunut MM-sarjaan vuodesta 1973 alkaen.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Ranskasta on peräisin petankki eli boules, metallikuulapeli, jota on perinteisesti pelattu paljaalla maalla plataanipuiden alla.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Se kehitettiin Marseillessa noin vuonna 1910.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parkour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parkour">parkour</a> on keksitty Ranskassa 1980-luvulla. Lajin keksijä on pääasiassa <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Belle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Belle">David Belle</a>, mutta myös <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Foucan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sébastien Foucan">Sébastien Foucan</a> on ollut mukana lajin kehittelyssä.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Tunnettuja ranskalaisurheilijoita ovat muun muassa judokat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Douillet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Douillet">David Douillet</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teddy_Riner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teddy Riner">Teddy Riner</a>, jalkapalloilijat <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michel_Platini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michel Platini">Michel Platini</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kylian_Mbapp%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kylian Mbappé">Kylian Mbappé</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thierry_Henry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thierry Henry">Thierry Henry</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zin%C3%A9dine_Zidane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zinédine Zidane">Zinédine Zidane</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[179]</a> sekä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula">Formula</a>-ajaja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alain_Prost?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alain Prost">Alain Prost</a>,<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[180]</a> edesmennyt tennispelaaja ja vaatemerkin perustanut <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lacoste?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="René Lacoste">René Lacoste</a><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[181]</a> sekä <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ralli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ralli">ralliautoilija</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Loeb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sébastien Loeb">Sébastien Loeb</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranskan_j%C3%A4%C3%A4kiekkomaajoukkue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranskan jääkiekkomaajoukkue">Ranskan jääkiekkomaajoukkue</a> pelaa korkeimmalla tasolla <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4kiekon_maailmanmestaruuskilpailut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jääkiekon maailmanmestaruuskilpailut">MM-kilpailuissa</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Olympialaiset">Olympialaiset</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Olympialaiset" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <dl> <dd> <div class="disambig"> Pääartikkeli: <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska_olympialaisissa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranska olympialaisissa">Ranska olympialaisissa</a> </div> </dd> </dl> Nykyaikaisten <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olympialaiset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olympialaiset">olympiakisojen</a> aloitteentekijänä oli ranskalaisen <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a>. Ranska on ollut olympialaisten isäntämaana viidesti: Pariisissa on järjestetty kesäolympialaiset <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1900?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kesäolympialaiset 1900">1900</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kes%C3%A4olympialaiset_1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kesäolympialaiset 1924">1924</a>, ja talviolympialaiset on järjestetty <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chamonix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chamonix">Chamonix’ssa</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talviolympialaiset_1924?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talviolympialaiset 1924">1924</a>, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grenoble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grenoble">Grenoblessa</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talviolympialaiset_1968?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talviolympialaiset 1968">1968</a> ja <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albertville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albertville">Albertvillessä</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talviolympialaiset_1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talviolympialaiset 1992">1992</a>.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kansainv%C3%A4linen_olympiakomitea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kansainvälinen olympiakomitea">Kansainvälisen olympiakomitean</a> päämaja oli aluksi Pariisissa, ennen kuin se siirrettiin <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lausanne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lausanne">Lausanneen</a>. Ranska on voittanut mitaleita kesäolympialaisissa viidenneksi eniten<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[185]</a> ja talviolympialaisissa 14:nneksi eniten.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Pariisille on myönnetty vuoden 2024 kesäolympialaisten kisaisännyys.<a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-11">[11]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Lähteet">Lähteet</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Lähteet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div id="viitteet-malline" class="viitteet-malline" style="-moz-column-count:; -webkit-column-count:; column-count:; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type:decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA-1">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-2">c</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-3">d</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-4">e</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-5">f</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-6">g</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-7">h</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-8">i</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-9">j</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-10">k</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-11">l</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-12">m</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-13">n</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CIA_1-14">o</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html">France</a> The World Factbook. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-population-2">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_2-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_2-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/5012724">Figure 1 - Évolution générale de la situation démographique : Population au 1ᵉʳ janvier</a> L'Institute national de la statistique et des études économiques - L'Insee. Viitattu 16.7.2021. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-population_metropolitaine-3">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_metropolitaine_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_metropolitaine_3-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/serie/000436387">Démographie - Population au début du mois - France métropolitaine</a> L’Institute national de la statistique et des études économiques - L'Insee. Viitattu 16.7.2021. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-ImfEuro-4">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ImfEuro_4-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ImfEuro_4-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ImfEuro_4-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c%3D132,%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,PPPSH,PCPIPCH,GGXWDN_NGDP,GGXWDG_NGDP,BCA_NGDPD,%26sy%3D2024%26ey%3D2025%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">"Ranska"</a> Viitattu 19.4.2024.</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf">Human Development Index and its components</a> UNDP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102732/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR2013_EN_Summary.pdf">Arkistoitu</a> 8.8.2019. Viitattu 28.3.2013. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-hist1-6">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hist1_6-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hist1_6-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/715">The Capetians: Kings of France, 987–1328</a> Reviews in History. 2009. Historical Research University of London. Viitattu 10.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.countriesquest.com/europe/france/economy/economic_sectors/agriculture.htm">Economic Sectors, Agriculture</a> Countries Quest. Viitattu 14.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.squidoo.com/french-red-wines">Vins rouges français</a> Squidoo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208203417/http://www.squidoo.com/french-red-wines">Arkistoitu</a> 8.12.2011. Viitattu 14.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf">”Le tourisme international en France en 2007”</a> (PDF) Direction du Tourisme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195206/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf">Arkistoitu</a> 24.6.2008. Viitattu 26.12.2009. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/unwto_barom07_2_en_excerpt.pdf">France Is the World’s Number One Tourist Destination</a> (PDF) WTO – World’s Tourist Organisation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111203024154/http://unwto.org/facts/eng/pdf/barometer/unwto_barom07_2_en_excerpt.pdf">Arkistoitu</a> 3.12.2011. Viitattu 26.12.2009. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_11-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_11-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.olympiakomitea.fi/2017/09/13/pariisi-ja-los-angeles-vuosien-2024-ja-2028-olympiaisanniksi/">Pariisi ja Los Angeles vuosien 2024 ja 2028 olympiaisänniksi</a> 13.9.2017. Suomen Olympiakomitea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323124349/https://www.olympiakomitea.fi/2017/09/13/pariisi-ja-los-angeles-vuosien-2024-ja-2028-olympiaisanniksi/">Arkistoitu</a> 23.3.2020. Viitattu 23.3.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-highest&lowest-12">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-highest&lowest_12-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-highest&lowest_12-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.html">"CIA World Factbook – Field Listing: Elevation extremes."</a> (France) CIA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123022934/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.html">Arkistoitu</a> 23.11.2018. Viitattu 26.12.2009. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-EU/Ranska-13">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EU/Ranska_13-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EU/Ranska_13-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://europa.eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/france/index_fi.htm">”Euroopan maat Ranska.”</a> Euroopan unioni. Viitattu 27.12.2009.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://7summits.com/elbrus/elbrus.php">Elbrus, Summit of Europe, 5642 m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://7summits.com">http://7summits.com</a>. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-MaailmaPinnanmuodot-15">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaPinnanmuodot_15-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaPinnanmuodot_15-1">b</a> Peter Hagget: Maailma tänään – Ranska, Andorra ja Monaco, s. 8–11. (Pinnanmuodot) Adromeda Oxford Limited, 1994. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/87-427-0802-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/87-427-0802-8">ISBN 87-427-0802-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0841750.html">Rhône</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011184209/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0841750.html">Arkistoitu</a> – Internet Archive), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0826794.html">Jura</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0840632.html">Pyrenees</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0851176.html">Vosges</a> Infoplease 2000–2012 Pearson Education (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/hi/country_guides/newsid_9383000/9383969.stm">France</a> BBC Weather country guides. British Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426185053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather/hi/country_guides/newsid_9383000/9383969.stm">Arkistoitu</a> 26.4.2012. Viitattu 27.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldweather.wmo.int/062/c01051.htm">Climatological information: Brest</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldweather.wmo.int/062/c00902.htm">Climatological information: Nice</a> WMO</li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/DF_florafauna.shtml">Vegetation and Animal Life</a> Discover France. Viitattu 27.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francethisway.com/wildlife/francewildlife.php">Wildlife in France – guide to France wildlife and animals</a> France This Way. Viitattu 27.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang%3DFR%26region%3Dfr%26list%3Dsibleymonroe">France</a> Avibase – listes d'oiseaux mondiales. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/national/france/index.html">Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO)</a> Birdlife International. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eng.parcsnationaux.fr/The-nine-national-parks">The nine national parks</a> Le portail Internet des Parcs Nationaux de France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117124745/http://eng.parcsnationaux.fr/The-nine-national-parks">Arkistoitu</a> 17.1.2012. Viitattu 27.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.marseille-tourisme.com/en/discover-marseille/nature/the-calanques-of-marseille/which-calanques-to-discover/le-parc-national-des-calanques/">The Calanques National Park</a> marseille-tourisme.com. Viitattu 31.7.2024.</li> <li id="cite_note-HW-25">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HW_25-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HW_25-1">b</a> Gascoigne, Bamber: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid%3Dab03">History of France: Cave-dwellers of France and Spain: from 30,000 years ago, Neolithic Villages, Celts</a> History World. Viitattu 10.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/westeurope/charlcrown.html">Charlemagne is Crowned Emperor</a> Webchron Web Chronology Project. Viitattu 13.5.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> Gascoigne, Bamber: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid%3D1007%26HistoryID%3Dab03%26gtrack%3Dpthc">History of France: Three slices of Francia</a> History World. Viitattu 10.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-BGN-28">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-2">c</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-3">d</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-4">e</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-5">f</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-6">g</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-7">h</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-8">i</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-9">j</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-10">k</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-11">l</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BGN_28-12">m</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/france/196657.htm">Archived Background Note</a> 15.2.2012. US Department of State. Viitattu 22.8.2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/308028/July-Revolution">July Revolution</a> Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 18.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/">Colonies</a> Discover France. Viitattu 23.3.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-BBCTL-31">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBCTL_31-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBCTL_31-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBCTL_31-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/999717.stm">Timeline France</a> BBC News</li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.consulfrance-washington.org/spip.php?article407">Visa for the French overseas territories (TOM)</a> Consulate General of France in Washington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606173450/http://www.consulfrance-washington.org/spip.php?article407">Arkistoitu</a> 6.6.2012. Viitattu 10.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> Knapp & Wright: The Government and Politics of France, s. 82–84, 97–98. Routledge, 2001. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/9780415215268?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/9780415215268">ISBN 9780415215268</a> (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.countriesquest.com/europe/france/government/the_overseas_territories_and_departments.htm">Government, The Overseas Territories and Departments</a> Countries Quest: France. Viitattu 26.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/trente1.htm">Les trente glorieuses: France 1945–1975</a> 1998. The University of Sunderland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022931/http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/trente1.htm">Arkistoitu</a> 22.7.2012. Viitattu 24.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/13/newsid_2512000/2512413.stm">1968: Workers join Paris student protest</a> BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. Viitattu 26.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/21/marine-le-pen-front-national">Marine Le Pen and France's Front National sense their time has come</a> 21.1.2012. Guardian. Viitattu 26.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uusisuomi.fi/ulkomaat/121946-ranskan-vaaleissa-yllatys-oikealta">Ranskan vaaleissa yllätys oikealta</a> 22.4.2012. Uusisuomi. Viitattu 26.4.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9578130">Macron ja Le Pen toiselle kierrokselle Ranskan presidentinvaaleissa</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 27.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.apu.fi/artikkelit/helena-petaisto-or-jacques-chirac-1932-2019-oli-komea-kansanmies">Helena Petäistö muistelee Jacques Chiracia: ”Tärkein poliittinen teko oli, että hän asettui Irakin sotaa vastaan”</a> www.apu.fi. 26.9.2019. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.eva.fi/blog/2006/03/08/mitterandin-perinto/">Mitterandin perintö</a> Eva. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10991068">Ranskan entinen presidentti Jacques Chirac on kuollut</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yle.fi/uutiset/voittoisa_sarkozy_katsoo_jo_parlamenttivaaleihin/5785008">Voittoisa Sarkozy katsoo jo parlamenttivaaleihin</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/hyvasti-sarkozy-naista-hanet-muistetaan/2188010">Hyvästi, Sarkozy – näistä hänet muistetaan</a> mtvuutiset.fi. 7.5.2012. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yle.fi/uutiset/ranska_afrikan_diktaattorien_kauhu/5339268">Ranska, Afrikan diktaattorien kauhu</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yle.fi/uutiset/francois_hollande_voitti_ranskan_presidentinvaalit/6084508">François Hollande voitti Ranskan presidentinvaalit</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/999717.stm">Timeline France</a> British Broadcasting Corporation. Viitattu 22.8.2013.</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/ranskan-presidentti-on-todella-epasuosittu-ja-tietaa-sen-itsekin/4485578">Ranskan presidentti on todella epäsuosittu ja tietää sen näköjään itsekin</a> mtvuutiset.fi. 7.11.2014. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aamulehti.fi/a/24107072">Francois Hollande lyö hanskat tiskiin</a> aamulehti.fi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412073938/https://www.aamulehti.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000007387141.html">Arkistoitu</a> 12.4.2023. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9525054">Euroopassa useita terrori-iskuja viime vuosina, Brysselin iskuista tasan vuosi</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 15.3.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> Kippo, Johanna: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9612413">Valta vaihtui Ranskassa – Emmanuel Macron on nyt Ranskan presidentti</a> 14.5.2017. Yleisradio Oy. Viitattu 14.5.2017.</li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9599618">Emmanuel Macron on Ranskan seuraava presidentti</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hs.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000005249713.html?share%3D551a6ffc96f87239965fbe860201f6d5">Macronille äänivyöry Ranskan parlamenttivaaleissa – nuori puolue saamassa suurimman vaalivoiton 50 vuoteen</a> Helsingin Sanomat. 11.6.2017. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aamulehti.fi/a/201400744">Mielenosoitukset jatkuvat Ranskassa: keltaliivit heittelivät kivillä ja maalilla – poliisi käytti vesitykkiä ja kyynelkaasua</a> www.aamulehti.fi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112231617/https://www.aamulehti.fi/a/201400744">Arkistoitu</a> 12.1.2019. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.is.fi/ulkomaat/art-2000006333165.html">Lakot kylvävät kaaosta Ranskassa – julkinen liikenne seisoo ainakin maanantaihin asti</a> Ilta-Sanomat. 5.12.2019. Viitattu 24.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yle.fi/a/74-20077601">Ranska kirjasi aborttioikeuden perustuslakiin ensimmäisenä valtiona maailmassa</a> Yle Uutiset. 4.3.2024. Viitattu 14.4.2024.</li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240308-france-s-macron-to-seal-abortion-becoming-constitutional-right">France seals constitutional right to abortion on International Women’s Day</a> France 24. 8.3.2024. Viitattu 14.4.2024. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://electionresources.org/fr/">Presidential and Legislative Elections in France</a> Election Resources on the Internet. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rfi.fr/france/20110926-victoire-gauche-senat-echec-nicolas-sarkozy">Victoire de la gauche au Sénat: un échec pour Nicolas Sarkozy</a> RFI. Viitattu 10.5.2012. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Jean Poulard: The French Double executive and experience of cohabitation. Political Science Quarterly, 1990, 105. vsk, nro 2, s. 243. The Academy of Political Science. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2151025?uid%3D3737976%26uid%3D2129%26uid%3D2%26uid%3D70%26uid%3D4%26sid%3D56010593343">Political Science Quarterly</a>. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> Eduskunnan tulevaisuusvaliokunnan selvitys, <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/9515324262?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 951-53-2426-2</a>, sivu 30</li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ksml.fi/ulkomaat/Ranskan-UMP-puolue-on-nyt-republikaanit/361703">Ranskan UMP-puolue on nyt republikaanit</a> Keskisuomalainen. Viitattu 23.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10235510">Ranskan Kansallinen rintama muutti nimensä Kansalliseksi liittoumaksi</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 23.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9678218">Ranskan vaalitulokset: Macronille ehdoton enemmistö, mutta suurin on nukkuvien puolue</a> Yle Uutiset. Viitattu 23.1.2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.naval-technology.com/projects/gaulle/">Charles De Gaulle Nuclear-Powered Aircraft Carrier, France</a> Naval technology. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c1502">Region</a> (Tietoja alueista) insee.fr. 4.1.2017. Viitattu 2.4.2019. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c1762">Department</a> (Tietoja departementeista) insee.fr. 27.3.2018. Viitattu 2.4.2019. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1912">Arrondissement</a> (Tietoja departementeista, kantoneista ja kunnista) insee.fr. 13.10.2016. Viitattu 2.4.2019. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://insee.fr/fr/ffc/tef/tef2015/T15F014/T15F014.pdf">Villes de France</a> (PDF) INSEE. Viitattu 19.3.2015. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francekeys.com/english/regions/overseas.shtml">French Overseas Departments and Territories</a> French keys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318171209/http://www.francekeys.com/english/regions/overseas.shtml">Arkistoitu</a> 18.3.2012. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.marketwatch.pk/currency/pacific-franc/origin-of-pacific-franc-(xpf)">Origin of Pacific Franc (XPF)</a> Marketwatch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120528203400/http://www.marketwatch.pk/currency/pacific-franc/origin-of-pacific-franc-%2528xpf%2529">Arkistoitu</a> 28.5.2012. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.grenoble-em.com/509-about-grenoble-2.aspx">About Grenoble</a> Grenoble Ecole de Management. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308065225/http://www.grenoble-em.com/509-about-grenoble-2.aspx">Arkistoitu</a> 8.3.2012. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-tyt-73"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tyt_73-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.kauppapolitiikka.fi/public/default.aspx?contentid%3D172711%26nodeid%3D41396%26contentlan%3D1%26culture%3Dfi-FI">Ranskan taloudessa on nähtävissä myönteisiä merkkejä</a> 12.10.2009. Ulkoministeriö. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/BBUb">Arkistoitu</a> 23.5.2012. Viitattu 20.1.2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-MaailmaTalousSuppea-74">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaTalousSuppea_74-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaTalousSuppea_74-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaTalousSuppea_74-2">c</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaTalousSuppea_74-3">d</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaTalousSuppea_74-4">e</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MaailmaTalousSuppea_74-5">f</a> Peter Hagget (päätoimittaja): Maailma tänään – Ranska, Monaco ja Andorra, s. 24–27. (Talous) Adromeda Oxford Limited, 1994. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/87-427-0802-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/87-427-0802-8">ISBN 87-427-0802-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMM-75">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MMM_75-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-MMM_75-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mmm.fi/fi/index/etusivu/maatalous/maatalouspolitiikka/markkinajarjestelytjasentehtavat/viini/luelisaa.html">Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö, Lue lisää, Viini</a> Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122111654/http://www.mmm.fi/fi/index/etusivu/maatalous/maatalouspolitiikka/markkinajarjestelytjasentehtavat/viini/luelisaa.html">Arkistoitu</a> 22.1.2010. Viitattu 11.1.2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.classicjourneys.com/normandy/">Normandy & Brittany Walking Tour</a> Classic Tours. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fleuverhone.com/eng/Encyclopaedia/An-economic-asset/Vineyards-and-orchards">Fruits and vegetables</a> F leuverhone. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oiv.int/public/medias/5958/oiv-state-of-the-vitiviniculture-world-market-april-2018.pdf">State of vitiviniculture world market April 2018</a> OIV. Viitattu 31.1.2019.</li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.samppanjaa.fi/samppanja">Samppanja</a> Pernod Ricard Finland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125115437/http://www.samppanjaa.fi/samppanja">Arkistoitu</a> 25.1.2010. Viitattu 29.12.2009.</li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.inao.gouv.fr/public/produits/showTexte.php?ID_TEXTE_CONSOLIDE%3D791">INAO – Le roquefort</a> INAO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306193150/http://www2.inao.gouv.fr/public/produits/showTexte.php?ID_TEXTE_CONSOLIDE%3D791">Arkistoitu</a> 6.3.2017. Viitattu 29.12.2009. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/france-facts.htm">France Statistics</a> Bonjour La France. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francethisway.com/regions.php">Summary of the regions of France</a> France This Way. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-eyt-83"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eyt_83-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tvo.fi/ytimekas/0205/maailmalta.html">Ydinvoima puhuttaa maailmalla</a> (Ranska) Teollisuuden Voima, eYtimekäs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070923052654/http://www.tvo.fi/ytimekas/0205/maailmalta.html">Arkistoitu</a> 23.9.2007. Viitattu 3.1.2010.</li> <li id="cite_note-IEA-84"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IEA_84-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.iea.org/countries/france">Energy system of France</a> IEA. Viitattu 30.7.2024.</li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aerospace-valley.com/fr/pole/">Pôle de compétitivité mondial Aéronautique, Espace, Systèmes Embarqués Midi-Pyrénées & Aquitaine</a> Aerospace Valley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517230052/http://www.aerospace-valley.com/fr/pole/">Arkistoitu</a> 17.5.2012. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (ranskaksi) (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ehow.com/facts_7316580_visiting-airbus-toulouse_-france.html">Visiting the Airbus in Toulouse, France</a> eHow. Viitattu 23.3.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.france.fr/en/knowing/economy/overview/article/strength-french-automobile-industry">The strength of the French automobile industry</a> France. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603060319/http://www.france.fr/en/knowing/economy/overview/article/strength-french-automobile-industry">Arkistoitu</a> 3.6.2012. Viitattu 23.2.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ctc-uae.com/Pages/ctc_michelinbatteries.aspx">Michelin Dealer Locator</a> (…Michelin, a world leading French tyre company…) CTC UAE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208140135/http://www.ctc-uae.com/Pages/ctc_michelinbatteries.aspx">Arkistoitu</a> 8.2.2012. Viitattu 23.2.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eurail.com/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/tgv">TGV</a> Eurail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502024950/http://www.eurail.com/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/tgv">Arkistoitu</a> 2.5.2012. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/transport/getting-around">Getting Around</a> Lonely Planet. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iltalehti.fi/matkajutut/201702222200074867_ma.shtml">Euroopan vilkkaimmat lentokentät</a> Iltalehti. Viitattu 21.5.2019 -FI.</li> <li id="cite_note-statista_population-92"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-statista_population_92-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1009279/total-population-france-1700-2020/">Population of France from 1700 to 2020</a> Statista.com. Viitattu 16.7.2021. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-:1-93">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_93-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_93-1">b</a> Kettunen, Niko: RANSKA VS. SUOMI. HS TEEMA, 2021. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.insee.fr/en/themes/document.asp?ref_id%3DIP1089">Population trends in France. Looking ahead to 2050. An increasing and ageing population</a> France’s National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques: INSEE). Viitattu 11.5.2012. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/03/30/one-in-10-people-in-france-an-immigrant-statistics-agency_6021240_7.html">One in 10 people in France an immigrant, says national statistics agency</a> Le Monde. 2023. Viitattu 31.7.2024.</li> <li id="cite_note-EC-96">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EC_96-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EC_96-1">b</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EC_96-2">c</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EC_96-3">d</a> Deborad Reed-Danahay (toim.): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/France.html%23b">France</a> Countries and their cultures. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a> Christian Valantin, Josiane Gonthier: La Francophonie dans le monde. Nathan, 2007. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/978-2098821774?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/978-2098821774">ISBN 978-2098821774</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amazon.fr/dp/2098821778">Teoksen verkkoversio</a> (viitattu 13.5.2012). (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm">Qu’est-ce que la Francophonie ?</a> tlfq.ulaval.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623113030/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/francophonie.htm">Arkistoitu</a> 23.6.2011. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm">The World’s 10 Most Influential Languages</a> Top Languages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507110651/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/reprints/weber/rep-weber.htm">Arkistoitu</a> 7.5.2013. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm">Language and Diplomacy. Translation and Interpretation</a> Diplomacy.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719183516/http://www.diplomacy.edu/language/Translation/default.htm">Arkistoitu</a> 19.7.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.legallanguage.com/legal-articles/language-of-diplomacy/">Why Is French Considered the Language of Diplomacy?</a> Legal Language Services. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/">Language and Diplomacy</a> 2004. Naked Translations. Viitattu 13.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name%3Dfr">Languages of France</a> Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 2009. SIL. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml%3D/news/2007/01/10/wfra10.xml">France no longer a Catholic country</a> 10.1.2007. Telegraph. Viitattu 10.1.2007.</li> <li id="cite_note-Minority_Rights_Group_International-105"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Minority_Rights_Group_International_105-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.minorityrights.org/1637/france/jews.html">Jews</a> Minority Rights Group International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501030647/http://www.minorityrights.org/1637/france/jews.html">Arkistoitu</a> 1.5.2011. Viitattu 17.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/103853/E88547.pdf">Highlight on health in France 2004</a> WHO Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308123333/http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/103853/E88547.pdf">Arkistoitu</a> 8.3.2011. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562722_(425KB).pdf">Total recorded alcohol per capita consumption (15+), in litres of pure alcohol</a> (World Drink Trends 2003) WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204165503/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562722_(425KB).pdf">Arkistoitu</a> 4.2.2012. Viitattu 26.4.2010. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240096745">Global status report on alcohol and health and treatment of substance use disorders</a> (s. 169 ja 29) 25.6.2024. WMO. Viitattu 1.8.2024.</li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_FR.pdf">Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS France 2008</a> WHO. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature.shtml%23Middle_Ages">French literature</a> DiscoverFrance. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-tsk-111"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-tsk_111-0">↑</a> Villehardouin, Geoffroy de. Tietosanakirja osa 10. Tietosanakirja-osakeyhtiö 1917</li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Geoffrey-of-Villehardouin">Geoffrey of Villehardouin,</a> Britannica.com viitattu 17.11.2020 (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature2.shtml">French literature, Part 2</a> DiscoverFrance. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature3.shtml">French literature, Part 3</a> DiscoverFrance. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature4.shtml">French literature, Part 4</a> DiscoverFrance. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature5.shtml">French literature, Part 5</a> DiscoverFrance. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Literature/DF_literature6.shtml">French literature, Part 6</a> DiscoverFrance. Viitattu 26.3.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">↑</a> Matti Klinge: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hs.fi/kirjat/artikkeli/Mit%25C3%25A4%2BonakatemiaVanhan%2BAkatemian%2Bhistoriaon%2Bkartoittavan%2Btarkkamutta%2Busein%2Bv%25C3%25A4sytt%25C3%25A4v%25C3%25A4%2Bteos/HS20040822SI1KU0227r">Mitä on akatemia?</a> 22.6.2004. Helsingin Sanomat.</li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/create.html?">Create a list</a> (Born in … France) nobelprize.org. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">↑</a> Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier – Father of Modern Chemistry. Mitchell Lane Publishers. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/9781584153092?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/9781584153092">ISBN 9781584153092</a> (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS">Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)</a> World Bank. Viitattu 11.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eu4journalists.eu/index.php/dossiers/finnish/C34">Tiede ja tutkimus 1: 1.Kilpailukyvyn säilyttäminen</a> EU 4 Journalista. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324182801/http://www.eu4journalists.eu/index.php/dossiers/finnish/C34">Arkistoitu</a> 24.3.2012. Viitattu 18.3.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.baroque.org/baroque/composers.htm">Major Baroque Composers</a> baroque.org. Music of the Baroque.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407035241/http://www.baroque.org/baroque/composers.htm">Arkistoitu</a> 7.4.2012. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hberlioz.com/Scores/BerliozTreatise.html">Extrats from: Grand Traité d’Instrumentation et d’Orchestration Modernes</a> Berlioz Website. Michel Austin. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amazon.com/Camille-Saint-Saens-Organ-Symphony-Poems/dp/B00000296V">Camille Saint-Saens: Organ Symphony/Tone Poems</a> (…CD featuring some of Saint Saens most popular works…) Amazon. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mozartandclassicalmusic.com/2012/03/georges-bizet-opera-carmen/">Carmen by Georges Bizet</a> Mozart and Classical Music. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.siba.fi/historia/1900/gallia_artikkelit/debussy.html">Debussy</a> Sibelius-Akatemia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827190633/http://www2.siba.fi/historia/1900/gallia_artikkelit/debussy.html">Arkistoitu</a> 27.8.2010. Viitattu 9.4.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.siba.fi/historia/1900/gallia_artikkelit/ravel.html">Ravel</a> Sibelius-Akatemia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827190734/http://www2.siba.fi/historia/1900/gallia_artikkelit/ravel.html">Arkistoitu</a> 27.8.2010. Viitattu 9.4.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jazclass.aust.com/satie.htm">Erik Satie</a> Jaz Class. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002175552/http://www.jazclass.aust.com/satie.htm">Arkistoitu</a> 2.10.2020. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newmillenniumstrings.org/200211/durufle.html">Maurice Durufle</a> New Millennium Strings. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/twen/">The Twentieth Century</a> Music History 102. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">↑</a> Carvin, Andy: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edwebproject.org/boulez.html">The Man Who Would be King</a> (Boulez, Messiaen) EdWeb. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/85">Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley</a> Unesco. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/carolingian-art.htm">Carolingian Art (c.750–900)</a> Visual Arts. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">↑</a> Margaretha Rossholm Lagerlof: Ideal Landscapes: Carracci, Poussin and Lorain. Yale University Press, 1990. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/978-0300047639?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/978-0300047639">ISBN 978-0300047639</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.escapeintolife.com/essays/french-rococo-watteau-boucher-and-fragonard/">French Rococo: Watteau, Boucher and Fragonard</a> Escape Into Life. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">↑</a> [Jacques-Louis David Jacques-Louis David] Art in European History. Boston College. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oldandsold.com/articles34/french-art-8.shtml">Romantic Painting – Gericault And Delacroix</a> Old and Sold. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.artcyclopedia.com/history/barbizon-school.html">The Barbizon School</a> Artcyclopedia. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rlsm/hd_rlsm.htm">Nineteenth-Century French Realism</a> Metropolitan Museum of Art. Viitattu 9.4.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a> Moffat, C.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/impressionism/French-Impressionism.html">The Birth of Impressionism</a> The Art History Archive. 2007. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nga.gov/collection/19th_frenchgalleries.shtm">Nineteenth-Century French Galleries</a> National Gallery of Art. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226084338/http://www.nga.gov/collection/19th_frenchgalleries.shtm">Arkistoitu</a> 26.2.2012. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.artknowledgenews.com/2010-01-23-23-21-03-paris-and-the-avant-garde-masters-from-the-guggenheim-collection.html">Paris and the avant-garde</a> Art Knowledge News. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">↑</a> Archer, Rick: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ssqq.com/archive/louvre01.htm">The Louvre Museum</a> ssqq.com. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-kurki-145">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kurki_145-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-kurki_145-1">b</a> Kurki, Eeva: …ja alussa oli liike. Filmihullu, 1995, nro 3, s. 4–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-fh101-17-146">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fh101-17_146-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fh101-17_146-1">b</a> Elokuvan 101 juhlahetkeä, 1995, s. 17.</li> <li id="cite_note-cousins-147"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cousins_147-0">↑</a> Cousins, R. F.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.filmreference.com/Films-Am-Aw/L-Arroseur-Arrose.html">L'Arroseur Arrose</a> Film Reference. Viitattu 23.3.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">↑</a> Kovács, András Bálint: Screening Modernism: European Art Cinema, 1950–1980, s. 148. Chicago: The University Chicago Press, 2000. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/0-226-45163-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/0-226-45163-1">ISBN 0-226-45163-1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3D5eK0TJwLpXkC">Google-kirjat</a> (viitattu 29.3.2011). (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-gale-149"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-gale_149-0">↑</a> *Gale Encyclopedia of Biography. The Gale Group Inc, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.answers.com/topic/robert-bresson">Answers.com</a> (viitattu 1.4.2011). (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.criterion.com/explore/4-french-new-wave">French New Wave</a> Criterion. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">↑</a> Grant Rosenberg: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francemagazine.org/articles/issue75/article131.asp?issue_id%3D75%26article_id%3D131">La Cinémathèque Française</a> France Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316041417/http://www.francemagazine.org/articles/issue75/article131.asp?issue_id%3D75%26article_id%3D131">Arkistoitu</a> 16.3.2008. Viitattu 11.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a> Benjamin Graig: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/history/">History</a> Cannes Guide. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117135242/http://www.cannesguide.com/basics/history/">Arkistoitu</a> 17.11.2011. Viitattu 6.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-BBCPROF-153">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBCPROF_153-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBCPROF_153-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/998481.stm">Country profile France</a> BBC News</li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">↑</a> eZ Community Bundle Nova eZ SEO Bundle: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.acpm.fr/Les-chiffres/Diffusion-Presse/Presse-Payante/Presse-Quotidienne-Nationale">Presse Quotidienne Nationale</a> www.acpm.fr. Viitattu 27.6.2023.</li> <li id="cite_note-Nimetön-20231105094949-155">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nimet%C3%B6n-20231105094949_155-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nimet%C3%B6n-20231105094949_155-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17299010">France media guide</a> BBC News. 8.3.2012. Viitattu 27.6.2023. (englanti)</li> <li id="cite_note-Nimetön_2-20231105094949-156">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nimet%C3%B6n_2-20231105094949_156-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Nimet%C3%B6n_2-20231105094949_156-1">b</a> eZ Community Bundle Nova eZ SEO Bundle: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.acpm.fr/Les-chiffres/Diffusion-Presse/Presse-Payante/Presse-Magazine">Presse Magazine</a> www.acpm.fr. Viitattu 11.7.2023.</li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediametrie.fr/sites/default/files/2023-01/2023%252001%252002%2520Yearly%2520M%25C3%25A9diamat%25202022.pdf">https://www.mediametrie.fr/sites/default/files/2023-01/2023%2001%2002%20Yearly%20M%C3%A9diamat%202022.pdf</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627121559/https://www.mediametrie.fr/sites/default/files/2023-01/2023%252001%252002%2520Yearly%2520M%25C3%25A9diamat%25202022.pdf">Arkistoitu</a> – Internet Archive)</li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Food/DF_cuisine.shtml">French cuisine</a> Discover France. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/travel/france_show/8808843/French-cheese.html">French cheese</a> Telegraph. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.saveur.com/article/Recipes/Cassoulet-1000068227">Cassoulet</a> Saveur. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.williams-sonoma.com/recipe/quiche-lorraine.html">Quiche Lorraine</a> Williams Sonora. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.seriouseats.com/2009/07/pastes-of-provence-tapenade-pistou-aioli-olivade-caviar-de-poivrons-tomate.html">The Pastes of Provence: Know Your Tapenade, Pistou, Aïoli, and More</a> seriouseats.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902114927/http://www.seriouseats.com/2009/07/pastes-of-provence-tapenade-pistou-aioli-olivade-caviar-de-poivrons-tomate.html">Arkistoitu</a> 2.9.2011. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-163">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sports.gouv.fr/IMG/zip/LicencesATP10.xlsm.zip">LicensesATP10</a> (zip/xlsm) 9.9.2011. Ministère des Sports. Viitattu 14.5.2012. (ranskaksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-jalkapallomm-164">↑ <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jalkapallomm_164-0">a</a> <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jalkapallomm_164-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesw/worldcup.html">World Cup 1930–2010</a> Rsssf. Viitattu 8.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rsssf.com/tablese/eurochamp.html">European Championship</a> Rsssf. Viitattu 8.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eurobasket2011.org/en/cid_4,w7QjPeH-M,ty138LH2l3.pageID_RHfrSvEsHLE0r,WHXZ9C71.compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_2011.roundID_7526.html">Past competitions</a> FIBA Europe. Viitattu 7.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/sports/BAS/">Basketball</a> Sports-Reference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819005555/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/sports/BAS/">Arkistoitu</a> 19.8.2008. Viitattu 7.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nbahoopsonline.com/History/internationalplayers.html">International players</a> NBA Hoops Online. Viitattu 7.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.francethisway.com/info/tourdefrance.php">Tour de France</a> France This Way. Viitattu 8.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/tennis/usopen/8001260/US-Open-2010-Rafael-Nadal-completes-career-grand-slam-with-victory-over-Novak-Djokovic.html">US Open 2010: Rafael Nadal completes career grand slam with victory over Novak Djokovic</a> Telegraph. 2010. Viitattu 8.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fff.fr/common/ressources/217361.pdf">Licenses of the French Football Federation</a> (PDF) fff.fr. Viitattu 13 January 2014.</li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.placesinfrance.com/stade_de_france_FIFA.html">The Stade de France</a> Places in France. Viitattu 14.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">↑</a> Bell D (toim.): Le Mans – 24 Hours: The Complete Story of the World's Most Famous Motor Race. Virgin Books, 2001. <a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toiminnot:Kirjal%C3%A4hteet/978-1852279714?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toiminnot:Kirjalähteet/978-1852279714">ISBN 978-1852279714</a> (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mtv3.fi/urheilu/f1/uutiset.shtml/2012/01/1472512/ranskan-f1-osakilpailun-paluu-lahenee">Ranskan osakilpailun paluu F1-sarjan kisakalenteriin on varmistumassa.</a> 7.1.2012. MTV3. Viitattu 9.4.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mtv3.fi/urheilu/ralli/mmkalenteri.shtml?554724">Korsika (Ranska)</a> 2007. MTV3. Viitattu 9.4.2012.</li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.discoverfrance.net/France/Sports/DF_boules.shtml">Boules (pétanque)</a> Discover France. Viitattu 14.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://petanque.org/around_the_world/">Petanque Around the world</a> Petanque.org. Viitattu 14.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-178">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/04/16/070416fa_fact_wilkinson">No Obstacles</a> Newyorker. Viitattu 14.4.2011. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/07/09/zidane-henry-coordination.html">Zidane-Henry coordination key French success: Platini</a> 2006. OneIndia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802223641/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/07/09/zidane-henry-coordination.html">Arkistoitu</a> 2.8.2014. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sports.jrank.org/pages/3773/Prost-Alain-High-Hopes-Frenchman-on-French-Team.html">Alain Prost – High Hopes For Frenchman On French Team</a> JRank. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2110513_2110512_2110687,00.html">Rene Lacoste</a> All-Time 100 Fashion Icons. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512165613/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2110513_2110512_2110687,00.html">Arkistoitu</a> 12.5.2012. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1015903/Sebastien-Loeb">Sebastian Loeb</a> Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 12.5.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://canada-central.iihf.com/">IIHF - Home</a> IIHF International Ice Hockey Federation. Viitattu 7.9.2022. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sportsfeatures.com/olympicsnews/story/44296/france-enters-2018-winter-slalom">France enters 2018 winter slalom</a> Sports Features. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203250/http://www.sportsfeatures.com/olympicsnews/story/44296/france-enters-2018-winter-slalom">Arkistoitu</a> 4.3.2016. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.darmoni.net/etetot.html">Total of medals for the Summer Olympics from Athens 1896 to Athens 2004</a> S. J. Darmoni. Viitattu 9.4.2012. (englanniksi)</li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranska?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115207.html">All-Time Winter Medal Standings, 1924–2006</a> Infoplease. Viitattu 9.4.2012.</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Kirjallisuutta">Kirjallisuutta</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muokkaa osiota Kirjallisuutta" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> muokkaa </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li>Clerc, Louis & Ranki, Kristina (toim.): Suomalaisten Ranska. Kaunis tuntematon. 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Noudettu kohteesta ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DRanska%26oldid%3D22853200">https://fi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranska&oldid=22853200</a>” </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fi-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ranska&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Viimeksi muokattu 27. marraskuuta 2024 kello 07.41 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Kielet</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peurancih" title="Peurancih — atšeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atšeh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Францие — adyge" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyge" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6" title="Фрэндж — kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэндж" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk — afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — sveitsinsaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsinsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258D%2588%25E1%2588%25A8%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25A3%25E1%258B%25AD" title="ፈረንሣይ — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሣይ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranska" title="Ranska — inarinsaame" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranska" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inarinsaame" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francland" title="Francland — muinaisenglanti" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Francland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="muinaisenglanti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Франциа — abhaasi" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Франциа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhaasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فرنسا — arabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabia" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — aragonia" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A6%25DC%25AA%25DC%25A2%25DC%25A3%25DC%2590" title="ܦܪܢܣܐ — valtakunnanaramea" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܪܢܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="valtakunnanaramea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A1" title="Ֆրանսա — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A2n%25C8%259Bie" title="Frânție — aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Frânție" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — arpitaani" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="ফ্ৰান্স — assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ফ্ৰান্স" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%25C3%25A3sia" title="Hyãsia — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581" title="Паранс — avaari" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya" title="Phransiya — aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — azeri" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — malaiji" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25C3%25A0ransi" title="Fàransi — bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Fàransi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="ফ্রান্স — bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancis" title="Parancis — banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-kok" title="Hoat-kok — min nan -kiina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan -kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perancis" title="Perancis — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Perancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Францыя — valkovenäjä" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valkovenäjä" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%258B%25D1%258F" title="Францыя — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Францыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransya" title="Pransya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pransya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franis" title="Franis — bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Franis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — baijeri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baijeri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A7%25E0%25BE%25A5%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སི། — tiibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tiibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska — bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bro-C%2527hall" title="Bro-C'hall — bretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2584%25E1%25A8%2599%25E1%25A8%2591%25E1%25A8%258A%25E1%25A8%258C%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2594" title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ — bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨙᨑᨊᨌᨗᨔ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="França — katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци — tšuvassi" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvassi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francie" title="Francie — tšekki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšekki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — tšamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="tšamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — njandža" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="njandža" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furanzi" title="Furanzi — šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Furanzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrainc" title="Ffrainc — kymri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kymri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrig" title="Frankrig — tanska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="tanska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فرانسا — marokonarabia" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فرانسا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokonarabia" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriika" title="Frankriika — pohjoissaame" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Frankriika" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="pohjoissaame" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — pennsylvaniansaksa" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsylvaniansaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%258A%25DE%25A6%25DE%2583%25DE%25A6%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0%25DE%2590%25DE%25AD%25DE%2590%25DE%25A8%25DE%2588%25DE%25A8%25DE%258D%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25B0" title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް — divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސިވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25A1%25C3%25A1ghahii_Dine%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah — navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska" title="Francojska — alasorbi" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="alasorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2595%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B1%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ཕརཱནསི་ — dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཕརཱནསི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa — viro" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="viro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Γαλλία — kreikka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreikka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — englanti" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englanti" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Франция Мастор — ersä" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Франция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersä" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — espanja" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hyvä artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francio" title="Francio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — extremadura" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia — baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه — persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — fidžinhindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fidžinhindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakland" title="Frakland — fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frakland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — ranska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ranska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk — länsifriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frankryk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="länsifriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farayse" title="Farayse — fulani" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Farayse" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhrainc" title="An Fhrainc — iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhrainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rank" title="Yn Rank — manksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rank" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farani" title="Farani — samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C5%25A3iya" title="Franţiya — gagauzi" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franţiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraing" title="An Fhraing — gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Fhraing" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D1%258C%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D1%2585%25D1%258C%25D0%25B5" title="Фаьренгехье — inguuši" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгехье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguuši" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" title="法國 — gan-kiina" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan-kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranja" title="Baranja — kikuju" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baranja" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuju" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه — gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AB%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25A8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B8" title="ફ્રાન્સ — gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફ્રાન્સ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258D%2586%25F0%2590%258D%2582%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25BA%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BD%25F0%2590%258C%25B3" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 — gootti" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gootti" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस — goankonkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="goankonkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-koet" title="Fap-koet — hakka-kiina" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-koet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka-kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD" title="Пранцсин Орн — kalmukki" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25EC%258A%25A4" title="프랑스 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransa" title="Faransa — hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palani" title="Palani — havaiji" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BD%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Ֆրանսիա — armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ़्रान्स — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francoska" title="Francoska — yläsorbi" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francoska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="yläsorbi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska — kroatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransia" title="Pransia — iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pransia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8" title="ফ্রান্স — bišnupria" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ফ্রান্স" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bišnupria" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2595%2597%25E1%2595%258C%25E1%2593%2590%25E1%2594%2585" title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ — inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕗᕌᓐᔅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586" title="Франц — osseetti" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseetti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi" title="Fransi — xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Fransi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hyvä artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakkland" title="Frakkland — islanti" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frakkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%25AA" title="צרפת — heprea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heprea" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C9%25A9%25C9%25A9" title="Fransɩɩ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AB%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ — kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya — pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — karatšai-balkaari" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatšai-balkaari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="საფრანგეთი — georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%259B%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%259B%25D8%25B3" title="فرٛانٛس — kašmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرٛانٛس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25ABj%25C3%25B4" title="Francëjô — kašubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francëjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kašubi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — kazakki" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Frynk" title="Pow Frynk — korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Frynk" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa — ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubufaransa" title="Ubufaransa — rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubufaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa — swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2583%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583" title="Прансузму — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Прансузму" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fwalansa" title="Fwalansa — kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Fwalansa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca — kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafrans" title="Lafrans — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lafrans" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzia" title="Franzia — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Franzia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%259D%25E0%25BA%25A3%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BB%2588%25E0%25BA%2587" title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ — lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%25C5%2586ceja" title="Praņceja — latgalli" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija — latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falanis%25C4%2593" title="Falanisē — tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Falanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankr%25C3%25A4ich" title="Frankräich — luxemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — lezgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezgi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hyvä artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABzija" title="Prancūzija — liettua" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="liettua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — limburg" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falansia" title="Falansia — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsii" title="Frantsii — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasygu%2527e" title="fasygu'e — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasygu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufalansa" title="Bufalansa — ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Bufalansa" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A0ncia" title="Frància — lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Frància" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciaorsz%25C3%25A1g" title="Franciaország — unkari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Franciaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="unkari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स — maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Франција — makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsa" title="Frantsa — malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Frantsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AB%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BB%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D" title="ഫ്രാൻസ് — malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രാൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza — malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%25C4%25ABw%25C4%25AB" title="Wīwī — maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स — marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2598" title="საფრანგეთი — mingreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingreli" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فرنسا — egyptinarabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنسا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptinarabia" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2590%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%2594%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%259F%25EA%25AF%2581" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parancih" title="Parancih — minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parancih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%25C3%25A1k-gu%25C3%25B3k" title="Huák-guók — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A1ncia" title="Fráncia — mirandeesi" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Fráncia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeesi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Кранцмастор — mokša" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранцмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokša" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586" title="Франц — mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ — burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanise" title="Varanise — fidži" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Varanise" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidži" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk — hollanti" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollanti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — alankomaidenalasaksa" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="alankomaidenalasaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स — nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रान्स — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रान्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25B9" title="フランス — japani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japani" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franza" title="Franza — napoli" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Franza" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%259D%25DF%258A%25DF%25AC%25DF%2599%25DF%258A%25DF%25B2%25DF%25AC%25DF%259B%25DF%258C%25DF%25AB" title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫ — n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߊ߬ߙߊ߲߬ߛߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци — tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A5nkrik" title="Frånkrik — pohjoisfriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Frånkrik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="pohjoisfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike — norjan bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norjan bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike — norjan nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norjan nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="França — oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Франций — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Франций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firaansi" title="Firaansi — oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Firaansi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransiya" title="Fransiya — uzbekki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AB%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2582%25E0%25A8%25B8" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ — pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25B8" title="फ्रांस — paali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="फ्रांस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="paali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — pfaltsi" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="pfaltsi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2589%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိဉ်တိစ်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransia" title="Fransia — papiamentu" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Fransia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2587" title="فرانسه — paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans — jamaikankreolienglanti" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikankreolienglanti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581" title="Франс — komipermjakki" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франс" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584" title="បារាំង — khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2581%25BE%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2581%25A2%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25B5%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2588" title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ — shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၾရၢင်ႇသဵတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franche" title="Franche — picardi" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Franche" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — alasaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alasaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francja" title="Francja — puola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="puola" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Γαλλία — pontoksenkreikka" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontoksenkreikka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C3%25A7a" title="França — portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciya" title="Franciya — karakalpakki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Franciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkistan" title="Frenkistan — krimintataari" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenkistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimintataari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%25C4%2581ni" title="Farāni — tahiti" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankreich" title="Frankreich — kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C8%259Ba" title="Franța — romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchiya" title="Franchiya — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Franchiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha — retoromaani" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Frantscha" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromaani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransiya" title="Ransiya — ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Франція — ruteeni" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruteeni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — venäjä" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="venäjä" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B0" title="Быраансыйа — jakuutti" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Быраансыйа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuutti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%2583" title="फ्रान्सदेशः — sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रान्सदेशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%25C3%25A2nzi" title="Farânzi — sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Farânzi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B1%25E1%25B1%25A5" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ — santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس — saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantza" title="Frantza — sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Frantza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunce" title="Fraunce — skotti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fraunce" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — saterlandinfriisi" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandinfriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora — eteläsotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="eteläsotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora — pohjoissotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="pohjoissotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fora" title="Fora — tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Fora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca" title="Franca — albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" title="Francia — sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Francia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B7%2581%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ප්‍රංශය — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්‍රංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس — sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFulansi" title="IFulansi — swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IFulansi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%25C3%25BAzsko" title="Francúzsko — slovakki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francija" title="Francija — sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2597%25EA%2599%2597" title="Франкїꙗ — kirkkoslaavi" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="kirkkoslaavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francyj%25C5%258F" title="Francyjŏ — sleesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francyjŏ" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sleesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransiiska" title="Faransiiska — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faransiiska" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25DB%2595%25DA%2595%25DB%2595%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7" title="فەڕەنسا — soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskondre" title="Franskondre — sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Franskondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Француска — serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="suositeltu artikkeli"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska" title="Francuska — serbokroaatti" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaatti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike — ruotsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ruotsi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%25E1%25B9%259Ban%25E1%25B9%25A3a" title="Fṛanṣa — tašelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Fṛanṣa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tašelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya — tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pransiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581" title="பிரான்சு — tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — kabyyli" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyyli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frange" title="Frange — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Frange" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — tataari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AB%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D" title="ఫ్రాన్స్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రాన్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%259D%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AA" title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส — thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%25C3%25A1p" title="Pháp — vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258D%2588%25E1%2588%25A8%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25B3" title="ፈረንሳ — tigrinja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፈረንሳ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinja" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0" title="Фаронса — tadžikki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фаронса" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžikki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frens" title="Frens — tok-pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok-pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258E%25B8%25E1%258F%25A5%25E1%258F%25B1" title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ — cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — turkki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransi%25C3%25BDa" title="Fransiýa — turkmeeni" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%25CC%25B1ransa_(a%25CC%25B1byin)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin) — tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱byin)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — tuva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuva" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Франция — udmurtti" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Франция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Франція — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3" title="فرانس — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595" title="فرانسىيە — uiguuri" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazgoz" title="Fazgoz — zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — venetsia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetsia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francii" title="Francii — vepsä" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsä" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%25C3%25A4n" title="Fransän — volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa — võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusmaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France — valloni" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="France" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valloni" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" title="法國 — klassinen kiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassinen kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrankryk" title="Vrankryk — länsiflaami" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Vrankryk" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="länsiflaami" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransya" title="Fransya — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fransya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraas" title="Faraas — wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD" title="法国 — wu-kiina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furhwa" title="Furhwa — tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Furhwa" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%259A" title="פראנקרייך — jiddiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנקרייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddiš" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A1ns%25C3%25AC" title="Fránsì — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Fránsì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259C%258B" title="法國 — kantoninkiina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoninkiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransa" title="Fransa — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankriek" title="Frankriek — seelanti" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frankriek" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="seelanti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%25C5%25ABz%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Prancūzėjė — samogiitti" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogiitti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%259B%25BD" title="法国 — kiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kiina" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flans%25C3%25A9t%25C3%25B2" title="Flansétò — fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansétò" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fɔ̀ngbè</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranchis" title="Peranchis — iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%25C9%2599ngyston" title="Fyrəngyston — tališi" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="tališi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B4%25BC%25E2%25B5%2595%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B5%259A%25E2%25B4%25B0" title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ — vakioitu tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="vakioitu tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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