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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins_and_early_settlement_(Paleolithic_to_8th_century_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins_and_early_settlement_(Paleolithic_to_8th_century_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Origins and early settlement (Paleolithic to 8th century BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_early_settlement_(Paleolithic_to_8th_century_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Latin_League_and_Alba_Longa_(8th–6th_centuries_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Latin_League_and_Alba_Longa_(8th–6th_centuries_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The Latin League and Alba Longa (8th–6th centuries BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Latin_League_and_Alba_Longa_(8th–6th_centuries_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_dominance_(6th–4th_centuries_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_dominance_(6th–4th_centuries_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Roman dominance (6th–4th centuries BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_dominance_(6th–4th_centuries_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperial_Latium_(1st_century_BC_–_5th_century_AD)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_Latium_(1st_century_BC_–_5th_century_AD)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Imperial Latium (1st century BC – 5th century AD)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_Latium_(1st_century_BC_–_5th_century_AD)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Roman_transformations_(5th–19th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Roman_transformations_(5th–19th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Post-Roman transformations (5th–19th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Roman_transformations_(5th–19th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_region_of_Latium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_region_of_Latium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern region of Latium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_region_of_Latium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Latium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="لاطيوم (منطقة تاريخية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاطيوم (منطقة تاريخية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasi" title="Lasi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lasi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Лацый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лацый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Лацый – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лацый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laci_(antic)" title="Laci (antic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laci (antic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacio_(Antig%C3%BCedad)" title="Lacio (Antigüedad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lacio (Antigüedad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لاتیوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium_(r%C3%A9gion_historique)" title="Latium (région historique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latium (région historique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B0%EC%9B%80" title="라티움 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라티움" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="לאטיום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאטיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Латиум – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латиум" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latija" title="Latija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लॅटियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॅटियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ラティウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラティウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1cio_(regi%C3%A3o_hist%C3%B3rica)" title="Lácio (região histórica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lácio (região histórica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лаций – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаций" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacij_(anti%C4%8Dki)" title="Lacij (antički) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lacij (antički)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium_(historiallinen_alue)" title="Latium (historiallinen alue) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latium (historiallinen alue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Лацій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лацій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لاتیوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاتیوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%A7%86" title="拉丁姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉丁姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the modern Italian administrative region, see <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historical region of central Italy. For the Nissan car model, see <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Latio" title="Nissan Latio">Nissan Latio</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical region of Italy</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latium_et_Campania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latium_et_Campania.png/290px-Latium_et_Campania.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latium_et_Campania.png/435px-Latium_et_Campania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latium_et_Campania.png/580px-Latium_et_Campania.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Latium and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Latium</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAY</span>-shee-əm</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠shəm</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈɫati.ũː]</a></span>) is the historical region of central western <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in which the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> was founded and grew to be the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. The region existed in several historical forms: <b><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Latium_vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium vetus">Latium vetus</a></i></span></span></b> ('Old Latium') was the original homeland of the <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latin</a> tribes centered around the <a href="/wiki/Alban_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Alban hills">Alban Hills</a>; <b><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Latium_Adjectum" title="Latium Adjectum">Latium adiectum</a></i></span></span></b> ('New Latium') encompassed the additional territories conquered by Rome to the south. The modern Italian administrative region of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a> (also called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>) covers roughly the same area with some additions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassino,_Anfiteatro_Romano.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png/310px-Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png/465px-Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png/620px-Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casinum" title="Casinum">Casinum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Latium has historically referred to different territories at different times. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium vetus</i></span> ('Old Latium') was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil on which resided the tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a> or Latians.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located on the left bank (east and south) of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">River Tiber</a>, extending northward to the <a href="/wiki/Aniene" title="Aniene">River Anio</a> (a left-bank tributary of the Tiber) and southeastward to the Pomptina Palus (<a href="/wiki/Pontine_Marshes" title="Pontine Marshes">Pontine Marshes</a>, now the Pontine Fields) as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Circeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Circeo">Circeian promontory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent archaeological studies have revealed that <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium vetus</i></span> was a region of remarkable cultural dynamism during the Early Iron Age (9th-8th centuries BC). According to Fulminante, the material culture of this period shows increasing social stratification and the emergence of elites who maintained trade networks with Etruscans, Greeks, and Phoenicians.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right bank of the Tiber was occupied by the Etruscan city of <a href="/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a>, and the other borders were occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Italic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Italic people">Italic</a> tribes. </p><p>Subsequently, Rome defeated Veii and then its Italic neighbors, expanding its dominions over Southern <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a> and to the south. This expansion created <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium adiectum</i></span> ('Added Latium'), which extended into a partly marshy and partly mountainous region. As Bradley notes, this territorial expansion fundamentally altered the economic landscape of the region, connecting previously isolated communities to Rome's growing commercial networks.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous Roman and Latin colonies were established throughout this area: small Roman colonies along the coast, while the inland areas were colonized by Latins and Romans without citizenship. The territory of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium adiectum</i></span> extended south to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Oscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscan">Oscan</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Casinum" title="Casinum">Casinum</a>, defined by <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> as "the last city of the Latins".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological evidence suggests that the distinction between <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium vetus</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium adiectum</i></span> remained culturally significant well into the Imperial period, with different patterns of urban development and cultural practices visible in the material record.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These regional distinctions helped shape the unique cultural identity of different Latin communities despite their incorporation into the Roman state. </p><p>The modern descendant, the Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">regione</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, also called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium</i></span> in Latin, and occasionally in modern English, is somewhat larger still, encompassing areas that historically included parts of ancient Southern Etruria and Sabina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latium encompasses several geographical zones centered around the volcanic region of the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Alban_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Alban hills">Mons Albanus</a></i></span> ('the Alban Mount', today's <a href="/wiki/Colli_Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Colli Albani">Colli Albani</a>), 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast of Rome, 64 kilometres (40 mi) in circumference.<sup id="cite_ref-Forsythe_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forsythe-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its center is a crater lake, Lacus Albanus (<a href="/wiki/Lago_Albano" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago Albano">Lago Albano</a>), oval in shape, a few km long and wide. </p><p>The boundaries of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium vetus</i></span> were defined by several geographical features. The Tiber River (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Tiberis</i></span>) formed the northwestern boundary, separating Latium from Etruscan territory. The Anio River (modern Aniene) flowed as a tributary to the Tiber along the northern edge. To the southeast, the region extended to the Pontine Marshes (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Pomptina Palus</i></span>) and the Circeian promontory (modern Cape Circeo). The eastern boundary abutted Sabine territories along the foothills of the Apennine Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent GIS-based landscape studies have shown that settlement patterns in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium vetus</i></span> were significantly influenced by access to water resources, arable land, and natural transportation corridors.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The expanded territory of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Latium adiectum</i></span> incorporated additional plains and valleys extending south toward Campania, with paleoenvironmental evidence suggesting the region experienced climate fluctuations that affected agricultural productivity.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For more detailed coverage, see <a href="/wiki/Latium_vetus" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium vetus">Latium vetus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latium_adiectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium adiectum">Latium adiectum</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG/250px-Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG/330px-Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG/440px-Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Latium, <a href="/wiki/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9" title="Enric Serra Auqué">Enric Serra Auqué</a>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Museu_V%C3%ADctor_Balaguer" title="Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer">Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Archaeological sites of Latium</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_early_settlement_(Paleolithic_to_8th_century_BC)"><span id="Origins_and_early_settlement_.28Paleolithic_to_8th_century_BC.29"></span>Origins and early settlement (Paleolithic to 8th century BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origins and early settlement (Paleolithic to 8th century BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological investigations confirm human presence in Latium dating back to the Paleolithic period. Evidence from sites such as <a href="/wiki/Torre_in_Pietra" title="Torre in Pietra">Torre in Pietra</a> indicates occupation by <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a> and early humans during the Middle Paleolithic, corresponding to <a href="/wiki/Marine_isotope_stages" title="Marine isotope stages">marine isotope stages</a> (MIS) 10 and 7.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossil remains and stone tool assemblages, including those made using the <a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a>, demonstrate technological innovations among Neanderthal populations.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period (c. 6000–3000 BC), agricultural settlements emerged in Latium, taking advantage of its fertile volcanic soils.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These communities cultivated crops such as <a href="/wiki/Emmer_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmer wheat">emmer wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Einkorn_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Einkorn wheat">einkorn wheat</a>, barley, and legumes while engaging in animal husbandry.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a> tools sourced from islands like <a href="/wiki/Lipari" title="Lipari">Lipari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmarola" title="Palmarola">Palmarola</a> suggests that Latium's early inhabitants were integrated into wider Mediterranean exchange networks.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One notable site is <a href="/wiki/Lake_Bracciano#La_Marmotta_Neolithic_settlement" title="Lake Bracciano">La Marmotta</a>, a lakeshore settlement occupied from around 5600 BC. Excavations have revealed evidence of advanced agricultural practices, including the cultivation of cereals like emmer wheat and barley as well as opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), which is among the earliest records of this plant in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site also yielded five dugout canoes—some up to 11 meters long—demonstrating advanced boat-building techniques and highlighting La Marmotta's role as a hub for navigation and trade within the western Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the Bronze Age (c. 2300–1000 BC), material remains indicate increasingly established agricultural populations. The region was known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> and earlier to the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mycenaean Greeks">Mycenaean Greeks</a>, with evidence of trade and cultural connections.<sup id="cite_ref-Peruzzi_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peruzzi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Latium" likely derives from the Latin word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">latus</i></span>, meaning 'wide' or 'flat', referring to the plains that characterize parts of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 10th–9th centuries BC, landscape studies reveal increasing settlement complexity throughout Latium, with numerous village communities established on defensible plateaus.<sup id="cite_ref-Peruzzi_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peruzzi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to archaeologists Di Gennaro and Stoddart (2020), specialized agricultural practices developed during this period, including the cultivation of grains (spelt and barley), viticulture (<a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a>), olives, and fruit trees.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social organization centered around influential clans (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gentes</i></span>), reflecting the tribal origins that would later influence Roman political structures through institutions like the thirty <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Curiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curiae">curiae</a></i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a>, from their homeland in <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>, exerted significant cultural and economic influence on Latium from the 8th century BC onward. However, Latin communities maintained autonomy as small <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a> functioning similarly to those in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Latin_League_and_Alba_Longa_(8th–6th_centuries_BC)"><span id="The_Latin_League_and_Alba_Longa_.288th.E2.80.936th_centuries_BC.29"></span>The Latin League and Alba Longa (8th–6th centuries BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Latin League and Alba Longa (8th–6th centuries BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The geographically isolated <a href="/wiki/Alban_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Alban hills">Alban hills</a> emerged as a natural center for Latin cultural and religious identity. Along the plateau between the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Albano" title="Lake Albano">Alban lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cavo" title="Monte Cavo">Alban mount</a>, the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Alba_Longa" title="Alba Longa">Alba Longa</a> developed into a significant religious center. Excavations documented by anthropologist Bietti Sestieri (2013) reveal increasingly complex social stratification and specialized craft production during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latin communities were bound together through the Latin League, a religious and political alliance centered on shared worship practices. The most important ritual was the 'Latin festival' (<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">feriae Latinae</i></span>), held on the Alban Mount, where an ox was sacrificed to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Latarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter Latarius">Jupiter Latarius</a> by representatives of the participating communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Mommsen39_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mommsen39-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another important sacred site was the grove of Aricia, the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Nemus Dianae</i></span>, on the <a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago di Nemi">Lake of Aricia</a>, which became a significant pilgrimage destination.<sup id="cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viscount_Bryce-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Alba Longa maintained religious primacy, it never developed into a political capital for the Latins.<sup id="cite_ref-Cary2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The league's composition appears to have fluctuated over time, though membership was strictly limited to Latin communities.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rome gradually gained influence within this alliance, ultimately challenging Alba Longa's position. According to Roman historical tradition preserved in <a href="/wiki/Titus_Livius" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Livius">Livy</a>, Alba Longa was destroyed by Rome under King <a href="/wiki/Tullus_Hostilius" title="Tullus Hostilius">Tullus Hostilius</a> in the mid-7th century BC, with its aristocratic families relocated to Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornell (1995) argues that this account is potentially simplified, with archaeological evidence suggesting a more gradual process of Alba's decline and Rome's ascendance.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_dominance_(6th–4th_centuries_BC)"><span id="Roman_dominance_.286th.E2.80.934th_centuries_BC.29"></span>Roman dominance (6th–4th centuries BC)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roman dominance (6th–4th centuries BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></div> <p>Following Alba Longa's eclipse, Rome secured presidency over the Latin festival, giving it religious authority among the Latin peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeological remains from the 6th century BC reveal a significant urban transformation in Rome, with simple huts replaced by more substantial houses and the development of public spaces, particularly the forum, which emerged during the early 7th century BC (c. 620 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-Fox1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period of Etruscan kings in Rome (traditionally 616–509 BC) coincided with increased Etruscan cultural influence throughout Latium. After the establishment of the Roman Republic, tensions between Rome and other Latin cities intensified. According to classical scholar Oakley (1997), these conflicts culminated in the Latin War (340–338BC), after which Rome dissolved the Latin League and reorganized the region's communities with varying degrees of rights and autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rome's expansion created distinctive settlement patterns across Latium. Small Roman colonies were established along the coast, while the inland areas were colonized by both Romans and Latins. Archaeologist Terrenato (2019) documents how this period saw the development of the distinctive <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">municipium</i></span> system, which allowed communities to maintain local governance while participating in Roman citizenship structures.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_Latium_(1st_century_BC_–_5th_century_AD)"><span id="Imperial_Latium_.281st_century_BC_.E2.80.93_5th_century_AD.29"></span>Imperial Latium (1st century BC – 5th century AD)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Imperial Latium (1st century BC – 5th century AD)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, Latium was administratively reorganized as part of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Italia_(Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italia (Roman Empire)">Italia</a></i></span>, becoming part of Region I (Latium et Campania).<sup id="cite_ref-Fulminante_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fulminante-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Imperial period brought significant prosperity to the region, with extensive infrastructure development including roads, aqueducts, and public buildings. As documented by landscape archaeologist Witcher (2013), rural landscapes underwent substantial transformation with investment in villas and agricultural estates, particularly in the areas surrounding Rome and along the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Latin communities maintained their distinct identities while becoming increasingly integrated into Roman administrative and cultural systems. Cities like Tibur (modern Tivoli), Praeneste (Palestrina), and Tusculum developed as important cultural centers and elite retreats. According to urban historian Goodman (2006), archaeological evidence from these centers reveals complex networks of trade and economic interdependence between urban centers and their rural territories.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Roman_transformations_(5th–19th_centuries)"><span id="Post-Roman_transformations_.285th.E2.80.9319th_centuries.29"></span>Post-Roman transformations (5th–19th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-Roman transformations (5th–19th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the collapse of Roman authority through to Italian unification, Latium underwent multiple political reconfigurations shaped by Byzantine, papal, and eventually national forces. Following the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic War (535–554)</a> and Eastern Roman (Byzantine) conquest, the region experienced major administrative restructuring. The "Roman Duchy" initially remained under Eastern Imperial control, but prolonged conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Longobards" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards">Longobards</a> weakened Byzantine authority. Gradually, the Roman Bishop (Pope) consolidated control over the region, incorporating territories where the Church already held properties.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The medieval period saw persistent power struggles between local nobles and the papacy for control of Latium. Medieval historian Partner (2018) details how Pope <a href="/wiki/Innocent_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocent III">Innocent III</a> made significant efforts to strengthen papal territorial authority in the region, challenging aristocratic families like the <a href="/wiki/Colonna_family" title="Colonna family">Colonnas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon Papacy</a> (1309–1377), feudal lords reasserted their independence, though the papacy eventually regained control between 1353 and 1367.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 16th century, the papacy had politically unified Latium within the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, organizing it into provincial administrations governed from <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, Marittima, <a href="/wiki/Campagna" title="Campagna">Campagna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frosinone" title="Frosinone">Frosinone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a brief period under French control during the Napoleonic era (1798–1799), Latium returned to papal governance until 1870, when the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">capture of Rome</a> completed <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>. According to political historian Riall (1994), this incorporation into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a> set the stage for the modern administrative region of Lazio.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_region_of_Latium">Modern region of Latium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Modern region of Latium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Region of Latium</a></div> <p>Latium, often referred to by the Italian name <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Lazio</i></span>, is a government region, one of the first-level administrative divisions of the state, and one of twenty regions in Italy. Originally meant as administrative districts of the central state, the regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern region of Latium contains the national capital Rome and encompasses 17,242 km² (6,657 sq mi). </p><p>The modern boundaries of Lazio include territories that historically belonged to different ancient regions: southern <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Sabines" title="Sabines">Sabina</a> to the northeast, and portions of <a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> to the east and south.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expanded territory is divided into five provinces: <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rome" title="Province of Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Frosinone" title="Province of Frosinone">Frosinone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Latina" title="Province of Latina">Latina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rieti" title="Province of Rieti">Rieti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Viterbo" title="Province of Viterbo">Viterbo</a>. </p><p>While maintaining cultural connections to its ancient heritage, modern Lazio has developed diverse economic sectors including services, technology, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Italy" title="Tourism in Italy">tourism</a>, and agriculture. Archaeological sites from the ancient Latium period remain important cultural and tourist attractions throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latium_adiectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium adiectum">Latium adiectum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_Latina" title="Valle Latina">Valle Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidenae" title="Fidenae">Fidenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladina_(given_name)" title="Ladina (given name)">Ladina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Reference-AHD-Lazio" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Lazio">"Lazio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lazio&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DLazio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/latium">"Latium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Latium&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Flatium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002140223/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Latium">"Latium"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184446/https://www.lexico.com/definition/latium">"Latium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Latium">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Latium&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FLatium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Lazio">"Lazio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Lazio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FLazio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansen2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansen2000_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMogens_Herman_Hansen2000" class="citation book cs1">Mogens Herman Hansen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8qvY8pxVxcwC&pg=PA209"><i>A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An Investigation</i></a>. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7876-177-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7876-177-4"><bdi>978-87-7876-177-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comparative+Study+of+Thirty+City-state+Cultures%3A+An+Investigation&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Kgl.+Danske+Videnskabernes+Selskab&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-87-7876-177-4&rft.au=Mogens+Herman+Hansen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8qvY8pxVxcwC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cary-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cary_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaryScullard1975" class="citation book cs1">Cary, M.; Scullard, H. H. (1975). <i>A History of Rome: Down to the Reign of Constantine</i> (3rd ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-38395-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-38395-9"><bdi>0-312-38395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Rome%3A+Down+to+the+Reign+of+Constantine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-312-38395-9&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Scullard%2C+H.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrancesca_Fulminante2014" class="citation book cs1">Francesca Fulminante (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XE5kAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">58–</span>65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03035-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03035-0"><bdi>978-1-107-03035-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Urbanisation+of+Rome+and+Latium+Vetus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E58-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03035-0&rft.au=Francesca+Fulminante&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXE5kAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Bradley2015" class="citation book cs1">Guy Bradley (2015). <i>Early Rome and Latium: Economy and Society c. 1000 to 500 BC</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">117–</span>120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802271-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802271-8"><bdi>978-0-19-802271-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Rome+and+Latium%3A+Economy+and+Society+c.+1000+to+500+BC&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E120&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-802271-8&rft.au=Guy+Bradley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo, Geographica, V, 3,9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFG.,_Alessandro2019" class="citation book cs1">G., Alessandro (2019). <i>The Archaeology of Early Rome and Latium</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">182–</span>186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-23502-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-23502-4"><bdi>978-0-367-23502-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Early+Rome+and+Latium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E182-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-367-23502-4&rft.au=G.%2C+Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forsythe-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forsythe_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGary_Forsythe2005" class="citation book cs1">Gary Forsythe (2005). <i>A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War</i>. University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">38–</span>40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22631-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22631-9"><bdi>978-0-520-22631-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+History+of+Early+Rome%3A+From+Prehistory+to+the+First+Punic+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22631-9&rft.au=Gary+Forsythe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFulminante,_Francesca2014" class="citation book cs1">Fulminante, Francesca (2014). <i>The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03035-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03035-0"><bdi>978-1-107-03035-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Urbanisation+of+Rome+and+Latium+Vetus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E47&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03035-0&rft.au=Fulminante%2C+Francesca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTol,_Gijs2017" class="citation book cs1">Tol, Gijs (2017). <i>Landscape, resources and diet in agricultural Latium Vetus</i>. Amsterdam University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">78–</span>83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789048535262" title="Special:BookSources/9789048535262"><bdi>9789048535262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landscape%2C+resources+and+diet+in+agricultural+Latium+Vetus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E78-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789048535262&rft.au=Tol%2C+Gijs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlessandri,_L.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Alessandri, L. (2019). 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(2025).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peruzzi-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peruzzi_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peruzzi_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emilio Peruzzi, <i>Mycenaeans in early Latium</i>, (Incunabula Graeca 75), Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri, Roma, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlessandri,_L.2013" class="citation book cs1">Alessandri, L. (2013). <i>Latium Vetus in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age</i>. BAR International Series. pp. <span class="nowrap">17–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-1186-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4073-1186-9"><bdi>978-1-4073-1186-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Latium+Vetus+in+the+Bronze+Age+and+Early+Iron+Age&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=BAR+International+Series&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4073-1186-9&rft.au=Alessandri%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDi_Gennaro,_F.Stoddart,_S.2020" class="citation book cs1">Di Gennaro, F.; Stoddart, S. (2020). <i>Landscape Archaeology and Ancient Latium</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47821-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-47821-2"><bdi>978-1-108-47821-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landscape+Archaeology+and+Ancient+Latium&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-108-47821-2&rft.au=Di+Gennaro%2C+F.&rft.au=Stoddart%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Christopher2014" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Christopher (2014). <i>The Etruscans: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">76–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954791-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954791-3"><bdi>978-0-19-954791-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Etruscans%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954791-3&rft.au=Smith%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBietti_Sestieri,_A._M.2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bietti Sestieri, A. M. (2013). "The Iron Age in central Italy". <i>The Oxford Handbook of European Bronze Age</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">632–</span>640. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957286-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957286-1"><bdi>978-0-19-957286-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Iron+Age+in+central+Italy&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+European+Bronze+Age&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E632-%3C%2Fspan%3E640&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-957286-1&rft.au=Bietti+Sestieri%2C+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Harvard_citation_documentation#Wikilink_to_citation_does_not_work" title="Template:Harvard citation documentation"><span title="Template:Harvard citation documentation#Wikilink to citation does not work">citation not found</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mommsen39-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mommsen39_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viscount_Bryce-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Viscount James Bryce <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ykDTAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA343">The World's History: The Mediterranean nations</a></i>. London (1902). p. 343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cary2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cary2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Cary, H. H. Scullard p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Livius" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Livius">Livy</a>, <i>Ab urbe condita</i> 1.29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCornell,_T._J.1995" class="citation book cs1">Cornell, T. J. (1995). <i>The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">119–</span>122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-01596-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-01596-7"><bdi>978-0-415-01596-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings+of+Rome%3A+Italy+and+Rome+from+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Punic+Wars&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-415-01596-7&rft.au=Cornell%2C+T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox1-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fox1_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, pp. 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOakley,_S._P.1997" class="citation book cs1">Oakley, S. P. (1997). <i>A Commentary on Livy, Books VI-X</i>. 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Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">167–</span>172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-49373-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-49373-4"><bdi>978-1-108-49373-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Roman+Expansion+into+Italy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E167-%3C%2Fspan%3E172&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-108-49373-4&rft.au=Terrenato%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fulminante-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fulminante_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFulminante2014" class="citation book cs1">Fulminante, Francesca (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XE5kAgAAQBAJ&q=latium"><i>The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus</i></a>. 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(1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TwQ54xw9VgC&q=roma+touring+club"><i>Lazio, non-compresa Roma e dintorni</i></a> (in Italian). Touring Editore. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788836500154" title="Special:BookSources/9788836500154"><bdi>9788836500154</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lazio%2C+non-compresa+Roma+e+dintorni&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.pub=Touring+Editore&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9788836500154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TwQ54xw9VgC%26q%3Droma%2Btouring%2Bclub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPartner,_P.2018" class="citation book cs1">Partner, P. (2018). <i>The Lands of St. Peter: The Papal State in the Middle Ages and the Early Renaissance</i>. University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">229–</span>245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-33168-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-33168-6"><bdi>978-0-520-33168-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lands+of+St.+Peter%3A+The+Papal+State+in+the+Middle+Ages+and+the+Early+Renaissance&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E245&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-520-33168-6&rft.au=Partner%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiall,_L.1994" class="citation book cs1">Riall, L. (1994). <i>The Italian Risorgimento: State, Society and National Unification</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">76–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-05775-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-05775-2"><bdi>978-0-415-05775-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+Risorgimento%3A+State%2C+Society+and+National+Unification&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-05775-2&rft.au=Riall%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDesideri,_Carlo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Desideri, Carlo (2014). "A Short History of Regionalism in Italy". <i>Perspectives on Federalism</i>. <b>6</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">79–</span>94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Federalism&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+Regionalism+in+Italy&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E79-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Desideri%2C+Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCelant,_AttilioGrassi,_Stefano2020" class="citation book cs1">Celant, Attilio; Grassi, Stefano (2020). <i>Sviluppo regionale e locale nel Lazio: Vincoli e opportunità</i>. FrancoAngeli. pp. <span class="nowrap">27–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788835103851" title="Special:BookSources/9788835103851"><bdi>9788835103851</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sviluppo+regionale+e+locale+nel+Lazio%3A+Vincoli+e+opportunit%C3%A0&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=FrancoAngeli&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9788835103851&rft.au=Celant%2C+Attilio&rft.au=Grassi%2C+Stefano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSalvatori,_Gaia2019" class="citation book cs1">Salvatori, Gaia (2019). <i>Cultural Heritage and Value Creation: Towards New Pathways</i>. Springer. pp. <span class="nowrap">135–</span>142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-11192-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-11192-2"><bdi>978-3-030-11192-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Heritage+and+Value+Creation%3A+Towards+New+Pathways&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E135-%3C%2Fspan%3E142&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-030-11192-2&rft.au=Salvatori%2C+Gaia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBevan1875" class="citation book cs1">Bevan, William Latham; Smith, William (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studentsmanuala00smitgoog"><i>The student's manual of ancient geography</i></a>. London: J. Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+student%27s+manual+of+ancient+geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Bevan&rft.aufirst=William+Latham&rft.au=Smith%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudentsmanuala00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geographica_(Strabo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographica (Strabo)">Geographica (Strabo)</a> book V chapter 3 – Rome 20 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Latium_(1669)" title="Latium (1669)">Latium</a></i> – 1669 – Amsterdam 1671</li> <li>G. R. Volpi – <i>Vetus Latium Profanum et Sacrum</i> – Rome 1742</li> <li>T. J. Cornell – <i>The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars</i> – London 1995</li> <li>C. J. Smith – <i>Early Rome and Latium. Economy and Society, c. 1000 – 500 BC,</i> "<i>Oxford Classical Monographs</i>" – Oxford 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-EEZAAAAYAAJ">The History of Rome Volume I</a></i>. 1894. <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/20px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/40px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li>Fox, Robin Lane, <i>The Classical World: An Epic History From Homer to Hadrian</i>. Basic Books, 2006.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xoomer.alice.it/asciatopo/latium.html">Toponymy of Latium</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBehncke1996–2003" class="citation web cs1">Behncke, Boros (1996–2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103738/http://boris.vulcanoetna.it/ALBANI.html">"Colli Albani or Alban Hills volcanic complex, Latium, Italy"</a>. Italy's Volcanoes: The Cradle of Volcanology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boris.vulcanoetna.it/ALBANI.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colli+Albani+or+Alban+Hills+volcanic+complex%2C+Latium%2C+Italy&rft.pub=Italy%27s+Volcanoes%3A+The+Cradle+of+Volcanology&rft.date=1996%2F2003&rft.aulast=Behncke&rft.aufirst=Boros&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboris.vulcanoetna.it%2FALBANI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lazio&#124;link=Lazio_Lazio243" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces and places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Frosinone" title="Province of Frosinone">Frosinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Latina" title="Province of Latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rieti" title="Province of Rieti">Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital" title="Metropolitan City of Rome Capital">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Viterbo" title="Province of Viterbo">Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Lazio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of communes of Lazio">List of communes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Lazio,_Italy,_with_provinces-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/250px-Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/330px-Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3287" data-file-height="3357" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(18th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (18th century)">Roman Republic </a><small>(18th century)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic </a><small>(19th century)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Albano" title="Lake Albano">Lake Albano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bolsena" title="Lake Bolsena">Lake Bolsena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bracciano" title="Lake Bracciano">Lake Bracciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Canterno" title="Lago di Canterno">Lago di Canterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Caprolace" title="Lago di Caprolace">Lago di Caprolace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Fondi" title="Lago di Fondi">Lago di Fondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Giulianello" title="Lago di Giulianello">Lago di Giulianello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Martignano" title="Lake Martignano">Lake Martignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mezzano" title="Lake Mezzano">Lake Mezzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_dei_Monaci" title="Lago dei Monaci">Lago dei Monaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemi" title="Lake Nemi">Lake Nemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Posta_Fibreno" title="Lago di Posta Fibreno">Lago di Posta Fibreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Rascino" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago di Rascino">Lago di Rascino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sabaudia" title="Lake Sabaudia">Lake Sabaudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_del_Salto" title="Lago del Salto">Lago del Salto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_del_Turano" title="Lago del Turano">Lago del Turano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vico" title="Lake Vico">Lake Vico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_hills_of_Rome" title="Seven hills of Rome">Seven hills of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Hills" title="Alban Hills">Alban Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurunci_Mountains" title="Aurunci Mountains">Aurunci Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Ausoni" title="Monti Ausoni">Monti Ausoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cavo" title="Monte Cavo">Monte Cavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimini_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimini Hills">Cimini Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Ernici" title="Monti Ernici">Monti Ernici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Gorzano" title="Monte Gorzano">Monte Gorzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_della_Laga" title="Monti della Laga">Monti della Laga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Lepini" title="Monti Lepini">Monti Lepini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_della_Meta" title="Monti della Meta">Monti della Meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Petrella" title="Monte Petrella">Monte Petrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Prenestini" title="Monti Prenestini">Monti Prenestini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Sabatini" title="Monti Sabatini">Monti Sabatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Sabini" title="Monti Sabini">Monti Sabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Soratte" title="Monte Soratte">Monte Soratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Terminillo" title="Monte Terminillo">Monte Terminillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_della_Tolfa" title="Monti della Tolfa">Monti della Tolfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Volsini" title="Monti Volsini">Monti Volsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Abate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Abate (page does not exist)">Monte Abate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Altino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Altino (page does not exist)">Monte Altino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Appiolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Appiolo (page does not exist)">Monte Appiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maschio_dell%27Ariano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maschio dell'Ariano (page does not exist)">Maschio dell'Ariano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maschio_di_Lariano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maschio di Lariano (page does not exist)">Maschio di Lariano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Artemisio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Artemisio (page does not exist)">Monte Artemisio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Autore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Autore (page does not exist)">Monte Autore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Carbonaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Carbonaro (page does not exist)">Monte Carbonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Cefalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Cefalo (page does not exist)">Monte Cefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cima_del_Redentore_(monti_Aurunci)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cima del Redentore (monti Aurunci) (page does not exist)">Cima del Redentore (monti Aurunci)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Circeo" title="Mount Circeo">Circeo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Crispi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Crispi (page does not exist)">Monte Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Dragone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Dragone (page does not exist)">Monte Dragone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Faggeto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Faggeto (page does not exist)">Monte Faggeto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Fammera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Fammera (page does not exist)">Monte Fammera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Fogliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Fogliano (page does not exist)">Mont Fogliano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Fusco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Fusco (page does not exist)">Monte Fusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Guadagnolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Guadagnolo">Monte Guadagnolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Lauro_in_Gaeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Lauro in Gaeta (page does not exist)">Monte Lauro in Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Lauzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Lauzo (page does not exist)">Monte Lauzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Rave_Fosche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Rave Fosche (page does not exist)">Le Rave Fosche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Livata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Livata (page does not exist)">Monte Livata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainarde">Mainarde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maschio_delle_Faete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maschio delle Faete (page does not exist)">Maschio delle Faete</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta_(monte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta (monte) (page does not exist)">Meta (monte)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monna (page does not exist)">Monna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Caira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Caira (page does not exist)">Monte Caira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Cervello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Cervello (page does not exist)">Monte Cervello</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Revole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Revole (page does not exist)">Monte Revole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Sorgenze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Sorgenze (page does not exist)">Monte Sorgenze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Trina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Trina (page does not exist)">Monte Trina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Val_de%27_Varri_%E2%80%93_Monte_Faito_%E2%80%93_Monte_San_Nicola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Val de' Varri – Monte Faito – Monte San Nicola (page does not exist)">Monte Val de' Varri – Monte Faito – Monte San Nicola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_di_Cambio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte di Cambio (page does not exist)">Monte di Cambio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_le_Pezze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte le Pezze (page does not exist)">Monte le Pezze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parco_regionale_urbano_Monte_Orlando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parco regionale urbano Monte Orlando (page does not exist)">Parco regionale urbano Monte Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Orso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Orso (page does not exist)">Monte Orso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Pizzuto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Pizzuto (page does not exist)">Monte Pizzuto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Ruazzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Ruazzo (page does not exist)">Monte Ruazzo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castelli_Romani" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelli Romani">Castelli Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_Latina" title="Valle Latina">Valle Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontine_marshes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontine marshes">Pontine marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Campagna" title="Roman Campagna">Roman Campagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabina_(region)" title="Sabina (region)">Sabina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscia" title="Tuscia">Tuscia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Lazio" title="Politics of Lazio">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Lazio" title="Elections in Lazio">Elections in Lazio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Lazio" title="List of presidents of Lazio">List of presidents of Lazio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lazio" title="Flag of Lazio">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marino_Wine_Festival" title="Marino Wine Festival">Marino Wine Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Lazio" 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