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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_hegemony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Roman hegemony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_hegemony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Republic_and_after" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Republic_and_after"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Roman Republic and after</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Republic_and_after-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_region_of_Latium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_region_of_Latium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Modern region of Latium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_region_of_Latium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Latium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="لاطيوم (منطقة تاريخية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاطيوم (منطقة تاريخية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasi" title="Lasi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lasi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Лацый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лацый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Лацый – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лацый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laci_(antic)" title="Laci (antic) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Laci (antic)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacio_(Antig%C3%BCedad)" title="Lacio (Antigüedad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lacio (Antigüedad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لاتیوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium_(r%C3%A9gion_historique)" title="Latium (région historique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Latium (région historique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B0%EC%9B%80" title="라티움 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라티움" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="לאטיום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאטיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Латиум – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Латиум" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latija" title="Latija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Latija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लॅटियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॅटियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ラティウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラティウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1cio_(regi%C3%A3o_hist%C3%B3rica)" title="Lácio (região histórica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lácio (região histórica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Лаций – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лаций" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacij_(anti%C4%8Dki)" title="Lacij (antički) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lacij (antički)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium_(historiallinen_alue)" title="Latium (historiallinen alue) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Latium (historiallinen alue)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Лацій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лацій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لاتیوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لاتیوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latium" title="Latium – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Latium" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%A7%86" title="拉丁姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉丁姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1048669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Latio" redirects here. For the Nissan car model, see <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Latio" title="Nissan Latio">Nissan Latio</a>. For the modern Italian administrative region, see <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Latium_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Latium (disambiguation)">Latium (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical region of Italy</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latium_et_Campania.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latium_et_Campania.png/290px-Latium_et_Campania.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latium_et_Campania.png/435px-Latium_et_Campania.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Latium_et_Campania.png/580px-Latium_et_Campania.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Latium and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Latium</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAY</span>-shee-əm</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">-⁠shəm</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[ˈɫati.ũː]</a></span>) is the region of central western <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> in which the city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> was founded and grew to be the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassino,_Anfiteatro_Romano.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png/350px-Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png/525px-Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png/700px-Cassino%2C_Anfiteatro_Romano.png 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="869" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casinum" title="Casinum">Casinum</a></figcaption></figure><p>Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil (<a href="/wiki/Old_Latium" title="Old Latium">Old Latium</a>) on which resided the tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a> or Latians.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansen2000_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansen2000-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located on the left bank (east and south) of the <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">River Tiber</a>, extending northward to the <a href="/wiki/Aniene" title="Aniene">River Anio</a> (a left-bank tributary of the Tiber) and southeastward to the Pomptina Palus (<a href="/wiki/Pontine_Marshes" title="Pontine Marshes">Pontine Marshes</a>, now the Pontine Fields) as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Circeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Circeo">Circeian promontory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cary_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right bank of the Tiber was occupied by the Etruscan city of <a href="/wiki/Veii" title="Veii">Veii</a>, and the other borders were occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Italic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Italic people">Italic</a> tribes. Subsequently, Rome defeated Veii and then its Italic neighbours, expanding its dominions over Southern <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a> and to the south, in a partly marshy and partly mountainous region. The latter saw the creation of numerous Roman and Latin colonies: small Roman colonies were created along the coast, while the inland areas were colonized by Latins and Romans without citizenship. The name Latium was thus also extended to this area south of Rome (<a href="/wiki/Latium_adiectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium adiectum">Latium adiectum</a>), up to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Oscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscan">Oscan</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Casinum" title="Casinum">Casinum</a>, defined by <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> as "the last city of the Latins".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern descendant, the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Regione" class="mw-redirect" title="Regione">Regione</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, also called <i>Latium</i> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>, and occasionally in modern <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, is somewhat larger still, though less than twice the size of Latium vetus et adiectum, including a large area of ancient Southern Etruria and Sabina. </p><p>The ancient language of the Latins, the tribespeople who occupied Latium, was the immediate predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Latin" title="Old Latin">Old Latin</a> language, ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>. Latium has played an important role in history owing to its status as the host of the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, at one time the cultural and political center of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. Consequently, Latium is home to celebrated works of <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest known Latium was the country of the <a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latini</a>, a tribe whose recognised center was a large, dormant volcano, <a href="/wiki/Alban_hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Alban hills">Mons Albanus</a> ("the Alban Mount", today's <a href="/wiki/Colli_Albani" class="mw-redirect" title="Colli Albani">Colli Albani</a>), 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the southeast of Rome, 64 kilometres (40 mi) in circumference. In its center is a crater lake, Lacus Albanus (<a href="/wiki/Lago_Albano" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago Albano">Lago Albano</a>), oval in shape, a few km long and wide. At the top of the second-highest peak (<a href="/wiki/Monte_Cavo" title="Monte Cavo">Monte Cavo</a>) was a temple to <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a> Latiaris, where the Latini held state functions before their subjection to Rome, and the Romans subsequently held religious and state ceremonies. The last pagan temple to be built stood until the Middle Ages when its stone and location were reused for various monasteries and finally a hotel. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> turned it into a radio station, which was captured after an infantry battle by American troops in 1944, and it currently is a controversial telecommunications station surrounded by antennae considered unsightly by the population within view.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The selection of Jupiter as a state god and the descent of the name Latini to the name of the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> language are sufficient to identify the Latins as a tribe of <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a> descent. <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, a major poet of the early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, derived Latium from the word for "hidden" (English latent) because in a myth <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(mythology)" title="Saturn (mythology)">Saturn</a>, ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden age">golden age</a> in Latium, hid (latuisset)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Jupiter there.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major modern etymology is that Lazio comes from the Latin word "latus", meaning "wide",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> expressing the idea of "flat land" meaning the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Campagna" title="Roman Campagna">Roman Campagna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Old_Latium" title="Old Latium">Old Latium</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Latium" class="mw-redirect" title="New Latium">New Latium</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG/220px-Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG/330px-Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG/440px-Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9-_Latium-_3824.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>Latium, <a href="/wiki/Enric_Serra_Auqu%C3%A9" title="Enric Serra Auqué">Enric Serra Auqué</a>, 1888. <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Museu_V%C3%ADctor_Balaguer" title="Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer">Biblioteca Museu Víctor Balaguer</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Map_Archeological_sites_I_1992_-_Siti_archeologici_del_Lazio_-_Touring_Club_Italiano_CART-TEM-092_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Archeological sites of Latium</figcaption></figure> <p>The region that would become Latium had been home to settled agricultural populations since the early <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and was known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> and even earlier to the <a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean Greeks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peruzzi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peruzzi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is most likely derived from the Latin word "<i>latus</i>", meaning "wide", expressing the idea of "flat land" (in contrast to the local <a href="/wiki/Sabine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabine">Sabine</a> high country). The <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a>, from their home region of <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>, exerted a strong cultural and political influence on Latium from about the 8th century BC onward. However, they were unable to assert political hegemony over the region, which was controlled by small, autonomous <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a> in a manner roughly analogous to the state of affairs that prevailed in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>. Indeed, the region's cultural and geographic proximity to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> had a strong impact upon its early history. </p><p>By the 10th century BC, archaeology records a slow development in agriculture from the entire area of Latium with the establishment of numerous villages.<sup id="cite_ref-Peruzzi_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peruzzi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latins cultivated grains (spelt and barley), grapes (<a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a>), olives, apples, and fig trees. The various <i>Latini populi</i> (lit. "Latin peoples") lived in a society led by influential clans (<i>gentes</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Giovanni_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giovanni-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These clans were a sign of their tribal origin, which continued in Rome as the thirty <i><a href="/wiki/Curiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curiae">curiae</a></i> which organized Roman society.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as a social unit the <i>gens</i> was replaced by the family which was headed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Paterfamilias" class="mw-redirect" title="Paterfamilias">paterfamilias</a></i> - the oldest male who held supreme authority over the family.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cary2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fixed local center seemed necessary as the center of the region cannot have been one of the villages, but must have been a place of common assembly, containing the seat of justice and the common sanctuary of the district, where members of the clans met for purposes of administration and amusement, and where they obtained a safer shelter for themselves in case of war: in ordinary circumstances such a place was not at all or but scantily inhabited. Such a place was called in Italy "height" (<i>capitolium</i>, the mountain-top), or "stronghold" (<i>arx</i>, from <i>arcere</i>); it was not a town at first, but it became the nucleus of one, as houses naturally gathered around the stronghold and were afterwards surrounded with the "ring" (<i>urbs</i>, connected with <i>urvus</i> and <i>curvus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The isolated Alban range, that natural stronghold of Latium, which offered to settlers a secure position, would doubtless be first occupied by the newcomers. Here, along the narrow plateau above <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzuola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzuola (page does not exist)">Palazzuola</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Albano" title="Lake Albano">Alban lake</a> (<i>Lagiod di Castello</i>) and the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cavo" title="Monte Cavo">Alban mount</a> (<i>Monte Cavo</i>), extended the town of <a href="/wiki/Alba_Longa" title="Alba Longa">Alba Longa</a>, which was regarded as the primitive seat of the Latin stock, and the mother city of Rome as well as of all the other Old Latin communities; here on the slopes lay the very ancient Latin districts of Lanuvium, Aricia, and Tusculum. Here too are found some primitive works of masonry, which usually mark the beginnings of civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The district-strongholds there later gave rise to the considerable towns of <a href="/wiki/Tibur" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibur">Tibur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Praeneste" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeneste">Praeneste</a>. <a href="/wiki/Labici" title="Labici">Labici</a> too, <a href="/wiki/Gabii" title="Gabii">Gabii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nomentum" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomentum">Nomentum</a> in the plain between the Alban and Sabine hills and the Tiber, Rome on the Tiber, <a href="/wiki/Laurentum" title="Laurentum">Laurentum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lavinium" title="Lavinium">Lavinium</a> on the coast, were all more or less ancient centers of Latin colonization, not to speak of many other less famous and in some cases almost forgotten.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_League">Latin League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Latin League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Latin_League" title="Latin League">Latin League</a></div> <p>All these villages were politically sovereign, and each of them was self-governing. The closeness of descent and their common language not only pervaded all of them, but manifested itself in an important religious and political institution—the Latin League. The Latins were tied together by religious associations, including worship of Venus, Jupiter Latiaris, and of Diana at the Lake of Ariccia. So, by virtue of her proximity to the sanctuary of Jupiter, the village of Alba Longa held a position of religious primacy among the Latin villages. Originally, thirty villages were entitled to participate in the league, known as the Alban colonies. Only a few of the individual names of these villages are recorded. </p><p>The ritual of this league was the "Latin festival" (<i>feriae Latinae</i>), at which, on the Mount of Alba, upon a day annually appointed by the chief magistrate for the purpose, an ox was sacrificed by the assembled Latin stock to the "Latin god" (<i>Jupiter Latiaris</i>). Each community taking part in the ceremony had to contribute to the sacrificial feast.<sup id="cite_ref-Mommsen39_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mommsen39-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However; the sacred grove of Aricia, the <i>Nemus Dianae</i>, on the <a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Nemi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago di Nemi">Lake of Aricia</a>, was always among the most popular place of pilgrimage for the Latins.<sup id="cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viscount_Bryce-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Alba Longa enjoyed a position of religious primacy, the Alban presidency never held any significant political power over Latium, e.g. it was never the capital of a Latin state.<sup id="cite_ref-Cary2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is probable that the extent of the Latin League's jurisdiction was somewhat unsettled and thus fluctuated; yet it remained for its existence not an accidental aggregate of various communities, but the positive expression of the relationship of the Latin stock. The Latin League may not have at all times included all Latin communities, but it never granted the privilege of membership to any that were not Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very early in its existence, Rome acquired the presidency of the league, and Alba Longa appeared as a rival for which it was destroyed in the mid-7th century BC; the league, as it was, had been dissolved and the foremost families were compelled to move to Rome: Alba Longa, the mother city, was dissolved into Rome, the daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viscount_Bryce-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Titus_Livius" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Livius">Livy</a>, Alba Longa was razed to the ground - spare the temples - by King <a href="/wiki/Tullus_Hostilius" title="Tullus Hostilius">Tullus</a> of Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin festival would still be held on the Alban mount, but by Roman magistrates.<sup id="cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viscount_Bryce-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_hegemony">Roman hegemony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roman hegemony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roman_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman monarchy">Roman monarchy</a></div> <p>Having destroyed Alba Longa, Rome was in command of the Latin festival and thus held presidency over the Latin peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-7th century BC, Rome had secured itself as a maritime power and secured its salt supply; the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Salaria" title="Via Salaria">Via Salaria</a></i> (lit. "salt road") was paved from Rome down to <a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia</a> on the northern bank of the river Tiber - the closest salt-field in Western Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, archaeologists detect, there was an urban transformation of the area. Roman huts were being replaced by houses, and a social space, or <i><a href="/wiki/Forum_(Roman)" title="Forum (Roman)">forum</a></i>, was built by <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 620 BC</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fox1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fox1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence of the Etruscans played an important role, and migrants came from Etruscan towns. Soon (according to tradition) it was followed by the rule of Etruscan kings, the Tarquins (traditionally, 616-509 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-Giovanni_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giovanni-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Rome may have acquired considerable territory (some 350 sq. miles)<sup id="cite_ref-Cary3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Latium, Roman kings never exercised absolute power over Latium. The Latin cities did, however, look to Rome for protection, for Rome had more manpower than any other city in Latium.<sup id="cite_ref-Cary3_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cary3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was due, in part, to Rome's generous policy of asylum: Roman kindness was unique in its readiness to grant citizenship to outsiders, citizenship was even granted to former slaves. The children of freedmen provided an important source for Roman armies and gave Rome a definite edge in manpower over other cities of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Republic_and_after">Roman Republic and after</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Roman Republic and after"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The emperor <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> officially united all of present-day Italy into a single geo-political entity, <i><a href="/wiki/Italia_(Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italia (Roman Empire)"> Italia</a></i>, dividing it into eleven regions. Latium – together with the present region of <a href="/wiki/Campagna" title="Campagna">Campagna</a> immediately to the southeast of Latium and the seat of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> – became Region I.<sup id="cite_ref-Fulminante_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fulminante-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg/250px-Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg/330px-Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg/500px-Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1529" data-file-height="2209" /></a><figcaption>Bust of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> wearing the <a href="/wiki/Civic_Crown" title="Civic Crown">Civic Crown</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glyptothek" title="Glyptothek">Glyptothek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic War (535–554)</a> A.D. and the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) conquest, this region regained its freedom, because the "Roman Duchy" became the property of the Eastern Emperor. However the long wars against the barbarian <a href="/wiki/Longobards" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards">Longobards</a> weakened the region, which was seized by the Roman Bishop who already had several properties in those territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strengthening of the religious and ecclesiastical aristocracy led to continuous power struggles between lords and the Roman bishop until the middle of the 16th century. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_III" title="Pope Innocent III">Innocent III</a> tried to strengthen his own territorial power, wishing to assert his authority in the provincial administrations of Tuscia, Campagna and Marittima through the Church's representatives, in order to reduce the power of the <a href="/wiki/Colonna_family" title="Colonna family">Colonna family</a>. Other popes tried to do the same.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the period when the papacy resided in <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Papacy" title="Avignon Papacy">Avignon, France</a> (1309–1377), the feudal lords' power increased due to the absence of the Pope from Rome. Small communes, and Rome above all, opposed the lords' increasing power, and with <a href="/wiki/Cola_di_Rienzo" title="Cola di Rienzo">Cola di Rienzo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they tried to present themselves as antagonists of the ecclesiastical power. However, between 1353 and 1367, the papacy regained control of Latium and the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the middle of the 16th century, the papacy politically unified Latium with the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, so that these territories became provincial administrations of St. Peter's estate; governors in <a href="/wiki/Viterbo" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, in Marittima and <a href="/wiki/Campagna" title="Campagna">Campagna</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Frosinone" title="Frosinone">Frosinone</a> administered them for the papacy.<sup id="cite_ref-Touring_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Touring-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(18th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (18th century)">Roman Republic (18th century)</a>, the region's annexation to France by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> in February 1798, Latium became again part of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> in October, 1799.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 September 1870, the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Rome" title="Capture of Rome">capture of Rome</a>, during the reign of Pope <a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a>, and France's defeat at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sedan" title="Battle of Sedan">Sedan</a>, completed <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a>, and Latium was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_region_of_Latium">Modern region of Latium</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern region of Latium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Region of Latium</a></div> <p>Latium, often referred to by the Italian name <i>Lazio</i>, is a government region, one of the first-level administrative divisions of the state, and one of twenty regions in Italy. Originally meant as administrative districts of the central state, the regions acquired a significant level of autonomy following a constitutional reform in 2001. The modern region of Latium contains the national capital Rome. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latium_adiectum" class="mw-redirect" title="Latium adiectum">Latium adiectum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Valley">Latin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidenae" title="Fidenae">Fidenae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladina_(given_name)" title="Ladina (given name)">Ladina</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Reference-AHD-Lazio" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Lazio">"Lazio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a></i> (5th ed.). HarperCollins<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lazio&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DLazio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/latium">"Latium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Latium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Flatium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002140223/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Latium">"Latium"</a> (US) and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200322184446/https://www.lexico.com/definition/latium">"Latium"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Latium">the original</a> on 22 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Latium&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FLatium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Lazio">"Lazio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Lazio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FLazio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansen2000-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hansen2000_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMogens_Herman_Hansen2000" class="citation book cs1">Mogens Herman Hansen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8qvY8pxVxcwC&pg=PA209"><i>A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An Investigation</i></a>. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. pp. 209–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7876-177-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7876-177-4"><bdi>978-87-7876-177-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comparative+Study+of+Thirty+City-state+Cultures%3A+An+Investigation&rft.pages=209-&rft.pub=Kgl.+Danske+Videnskabernes+Selskab&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-87-7876-177-4&rft.au=Mogens+Herman+Hansen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8qvY8pxVxcwC%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cary-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cary_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCaryScullard1975" class="citation book cs1">Cary, M.; Scullard, H. H. (1975). <i>A History of Rome: Down to the Reign of Constantine</i> (3rd ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0312383959" title="Special:BookSources/0312383959"><bdi>0312383959</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Rome%3A+Down+to+the+Reign+of+Constantine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=31&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0312383959&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Scullard%2C+H.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Strabo, Geographica, V, 3,9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Aeneid</i>, VIII.323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBevan1875">Bevan 1875</a>, pp. 530–531</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Latin&allowed_in_frame=0">"Latin - Origin and meaning of the name Latin"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Latin+-+Origin+and+meaning+of+the+name+Latin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DLatin%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peruzzi-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peruzzi_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peruzzi_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emilio Peruzzi, <i>Mycenaeans in early Latium</i>, (Incunabula Graeca 75), Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri, Roma, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giovanni-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Giovanni_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Giovanni_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Giovanni Colonna, <i>Milieu, peuplement, phases naturelles</i>, in <i>Naissence de Rome</i>, cataloged by the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a>, 1977</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, pp. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cary2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cary2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cary2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Cary, H.H. Scullard p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen pp. 36–37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen pp. 37–38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mommsen39-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mommsen39_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Viscount_Bryce-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Viscount_Bryce_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Viscount James Bryce Bryce <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ykDTAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA343">The World's History: The Mediterranean nations</a></i>. London (1902). p. 343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Livius" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Livius">Livy</a>, <i>Ab urbe condita</i> 1.29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mommsen p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fox1-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fox1_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fox1_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox, pp. 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cary3-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cary3_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cary3_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Cary, H.H. Scullard pp. 54–55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox p. 276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fulminante-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fulminante_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFulminante2014" class="citation book cs1">Fulminante, Francesca (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XE5kAgAAQBAJ&q=latium"><i>The Urbanisation of Rome and Latium Vetus</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">35–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107030350" title="Special:BookSources/9781107030350"><bdi>9781107030350</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Urbanisation+of+Rome+and+Latium+Vetus&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781107030350&rft.aulast=Fulminante&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXE5kAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlatium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Touring-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Touring_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Touring_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Touring_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Touring_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTouring_club_italiano1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Touring club italiano, ed. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TwQ54xw9VgC&q=roma+touring+club"><i>Lazio, non-compresa Roma e dintorni</i></a> (in Italian). Touring Editore. pp. <span class="nowrap">61–</span>83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788836500154" title="Special:BookSources/9788836500154"><bdi>9788836500154</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lazio%2C+non-compresa+Roma+e+dintorni&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.pub=Touring+Editore&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9788836500154&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1TwQ54xw9VgC%26q%3Droma%2Btouring%2Bclub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0122.xml">Musto, Ronald G., <i>Cola Di Rienzo</i>, Oxford Biographies, 21 novembre 2012, DOI: 10.1093/obo/9780195399301-0122</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Vandiler, <i>Imperial City: Rome under Napoleon</i>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCONSIGLIO_REGIONALE_DEL_LAZIO" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">CONSIGLIO REGIONALE DEL LAZIO (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consiglio.regione.lazio.it/binary/consiglio/consiglio_argomenti/la_nascita_delle_regioni_a_statuto_ordinario.pdf">"LA NASCITA DELLE REGIONI A STATUTO ORDINARIO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>consiglio.regione.lazio.it</i> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=consiglio.regione.lazio.it&rft.atitle=LA+NASCITA+DELLE+REGIONI+A+STATUTO+ORDINARIO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consiglio.regione.lazio.it%2Fbinary%2Fconsiglio%2Fconsiglio_argomenti%2Fla_nascita_delle_regioni_a_statuto_ordinario.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBevan1875" class="citation book cs1">Bevan, William Latham; Smith, William (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studentsmanuala00smitgoog"><i>The student's manual of ancient geography</i></a>. London: J. Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+student%27s+manual+of+ancient+geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Bevan&rft.aufirst=William+Latham&rft.au=Smith%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudentsmanuala00smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geographica_(Strabo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographica (Strabo)">Geographica (Strabo)</a> book V chapter 3 – Rome 20 BC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Latium_(1669)" title="Latium (1669)">Latium</a></i> – 1669 – Amsterdam 1671</li> <li>G. R. Volpi – <i>Vetus Latium Profanum et Sacrum</i> – Rome 1742</li> <li>T. J. Cornell – <i>The beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars</i> – London 1995</li> <li>C. J. Smith – <i>Early Rome and Latium. Economy and Society, c. 1000 – 500 BC,</i> "<i>Oxford Classical Monographs</i>" – Oxford 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-EEZAAAAYAAJ">The History of Rome Volume I</a></i>. 1894. <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</li> <li>Fox, Robin Lane, <i>The Classical World: An Epic History From Homer to Hadrian</i>. Basic Books, 2006.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xoomer.alice.it/asciatopo/latium.html">Toponymy of Latium</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBehncke1996–2003" class="citation web cs1">Behncke, Boros (1996–2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719103738/http://boris.vulcanoetna.it/ALBANI.html">"Colli Albani or Alban Hills volcanic complex, Latium, Italy"</a>. Italy's Volcanoes: The Cradle of Volcanology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boris.vulcanoetna.it/ALBANI.html">the original</a> on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colli+Albani+or+Alban+Hills+volcanic+complex%2C+Latium%2C+Italy&rft.pub=Italy%27s+Volcanoes%3A+The+Cradle+of+Volcanology&rft.date=1996%2F2003&rft.aulast=Behncke&rft.aufirst=Boros&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboris.vulcanoetna.it%2FALBANI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Provinces and places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Frosinone" title="Province of Frosinone">Frosinone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Latina" title="Province of Latina">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Rieti" title="Province of Rieti">Rieti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Rome_Capital" title="Metropolitan City of Rome Capital">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Viterbo" title="Province of Viterbo">Viterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_of_Lazio" class="mw-redirect" title="List of communes of Lazio">List of communes</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_region_of_Lazio,_Italy,_with_provinces-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/150px-Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/225px-Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg/300px-Map_of_region_of_Lazio%2C_Italy%2C_with_provinces-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3287" data-file-height="3357" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(18th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (18th century)">Roman Republic </a><small>(18th century)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic </a><small>(19th century)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Albano" title="Lake Albano">Lake Albano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bolsena" title="Lake Bolsena">Lake Bolsena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bracciano" title="Lake Bracciano">Lake Bracciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Canterno" title="Lago di Canterno">Lago di Canterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Caprolace" title="Lago di Caprolace">Lago di Caprolace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Fondi" title="Lago di Fondi">Lago di Fondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Giulianello" title="Lago di Giulianello">Lago di Giulianello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Martignano" title="Lake Martignano">Lake Martignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mezzano" title="Lake Mezzano">Lake Mezzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_dei_Monaci" title="Lago dei Monaci">Lago dei Monaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemi" title="Lake Nemi">Lake Nemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Posta_Fibreno" title="Lago di Posta Fibreno">Lago di Posta Fibreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_di_Rascino" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago di Rascino">Lago di Rascino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Sabaudia" title="Lake Sabaudia">Lake Sabaudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_del_Salto" title="Lago del Salto">Lago del Salto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_del_Turano" title="Lago del Turano">Lago del Turano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vico" title="Lake Vico">Lake Vico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.2em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_hills_of_Rome" title="Seven hills of Rome">Seven hills of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alban_Hills" title="Alban Hills">Alban Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurunci_Mountains" title="Aurunci Mountains">Aurunci Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Ausoni" title="Monti Ausoni">Monti Ausoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cavo" title="Monte Cavo">Monte Cavo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimini_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Cimini Hills">Cimini Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Ernici" title="Monti Ernici">Monti Ernici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Gorzano" title="Monte Gorzano">Monte Gorzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_della_Laga" title="Monti della Laga">Monti della Laga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Lepini" title="Monti Lepini">Monti Lepini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_della_Meta" title="Monti della Meta">Monti della Meta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Petrella" title="Monte Petrella">Monte Petrella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Prenestini" title="Monti Prenestini">Monti Prenestini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Sabatini" title="Monti Sabatini">Monti Sabatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Sabini" title="Monti Sabini">Monti Sabini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Soratte" title="Monte Soratte">Monte Soratte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Terminillo" title="Monte Terminillo">Monte Terminillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_della_Tolfa" title="Monti della Tolfa">Monti della Tolfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monti_Volsini" title="Monti Volsini">Monti Volsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Abate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Abate (page does not exist)">Monte Abate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Altino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Altino (page does not exist)">Monte Altino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Appiolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Appiolo (page does not exist)">Monte Appiolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maschio_dell%27Ariano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maschio dell'Ariano (page does not exist)">Maschio dell'Ariano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maschio_di_Lariano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maschio di Lariano (page does not exist)">Maschio di Lariano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Artemisio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Artemisio (page does not exist)">Monte Artemisio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Autore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Autore (page does not exist)">Monte Autore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Carbonaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Carbonaro (page does not exist)">Monte Carbonaro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Cefalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Cefalo (page does not exist)">Monte Cefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cima_del_Redentore_(monti_Aurunci)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cima del Redentore (monti Aurunci) (page does not exist)">Cima del Redentore (monti Aurunci)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Circeo" title="Mount Circeo">Circeo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Crispi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Crispi (page does not exist)">Monte Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Dragone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Dragone (page does not exist)">Monte Dragone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Faggeto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Faggeto (page does not exist)">Monte Faggeto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Fammera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Fammera (page does not exist)">Monte Fammera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont_Fogliano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont Fogliano (page does not exist)">Mont Fogliano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Fusco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Fusco (page does not exist)">Monte Fusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Guadagnolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Guadagnolo">Monte Guadagnolo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Lauro_in_Gaeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Lauro in Gaeta (page does not exist)">Monte Lauro in Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Lauzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Lauzo (page does not exist)">Monte Lauzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Rave_Fosche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Rave Fosche (page does not exist)">Le Rave Fosche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Livata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Livata (page does not exist)">Monte Livata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainarde">Mainarde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maschio_delle_Faete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maschio delle Faete (page does not exist)">Maschio delle Faete</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta_(monte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta (monte) (page does not exist)">Meta (monte)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monna (page does not exist)">Monna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Caira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Caira (page does not exist)">Monte Caira</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Cervello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Cervello (page does not exist)">Monte Cervello</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Revole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Revole (page does not exist)">Monte Revole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Sorgenze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Sorgenze (page does not exist)">Monte Sorgenze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Trina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Trina (page does not exist)">Monte Trina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Val_de%27_Varri_%E2%80%93_Monte_Faito_%E2%80%93_Monte_San_Nicola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Val de' Varri – Monte Faito – Monte San Nicola (page does not exist)">Monte Val de' Varri – Monte Faito – Monte San Nicola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_di_Cambio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte di Cambio (page does not exist)">Monte di Cambio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_le_Pezze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte le Pezze (page does not exist)">Monte le Pezze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parco_regionale_urbano_Monte_Orlando&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parco regionale urbano Monte Orlando (page does not exist)">Parco regionale urbano Monte Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Orso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Orso (page does not exist)">Monte Orso</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lazio" title="Flag of Lazio">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marino_Wine_Festival" title="Marino Wine Festival">Marino Wine Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Lazio" title="Category:Lazio">Categories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata494" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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