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grid-template-areas</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#nesting_grids_and_subgrid">Nesting grids and subgrid</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#grid_frameworks">Grid frameworks</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#test_your_skills!">Test your skills!</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#summary">Summary</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="sidebar-body"><ol><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started">Getting started modules</a></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup">Environment setup</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software">Installing basic software</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web">Browsing the web</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors">Code editors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files">Dealing with files</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line">Command line crash course</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website">Your first website</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like">What will your website look like?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content">HTML: Creating the content</a></li><li><a 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href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax">Basic HTML syntax</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata">What's in the head? Webpage metadata</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs">Headings and paragraphs in HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance">Emphasis and importance</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists">Lists</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents">Structuring documents</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features">Advanced text features</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links">Creating links</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter">Challenge: Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content">Challenge: Structuring a page of content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_images">HTML images</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_video_and_audio">HTML video and audio</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Mozilla_splash_page">Challenge: Mozilla splash page</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_table_basics">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Table_accessibility">HTML table accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Planet_data_table">Challenge: Structuring a planet data table</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_forms">Forms and buttons in HTML</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Debugging_HTML">Debugging HTML</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics">CSS styling basics</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/What_is_CSS">What is CSS?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Getting_started">Getting started with CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Styling_a_bio_page">Challenge: Styling a biography page</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Basic_selectors">Basic CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Attribute_selectors">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Pseudo_classes_and_elements">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Combinators">Combinators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Box_model">The box model</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Handling_conflicts">Handling conflicts</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Values_and_units">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Sizing">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Backgrounds_and_borders">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Overflow">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Images_media_forms">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Tables">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Debugging_CSS">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension">Challenge: Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fancy_letterheaded_paper">Challenge: Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Cool-looking_box">Challenge: A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling">CSS text styling</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_lists">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_links">Styling links</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Web_fonts">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Typesetting_a_homepage">Challenge: Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout">CSS layout</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Introduction">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Floats">Floats</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Positioning">Positioning</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox">Flexbox</a></li><li><em><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids" aria-current="page">CSS grid layout</a></em></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Media_queries">Media query fundamentals</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension">Challenge: Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting">Dynamic scripting with JavaScript</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_is_JavaScript">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/A_first_splash">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_went_wrong">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Variables">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Math">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Strings">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Useful_string_methods">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Arrays">Arrays</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Silly_story_generator">Challenge: Silly story generator</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Conditionals">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Loops">Looping code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Functions">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Build_your_own_function">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Return_values">Function return values</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Events">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Event_bubbling">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Image_gallery">Challenge: Image gallery</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Object_basics">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/DOM_scripting">DOM scripting introduction</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Network_requests">Making network requests with JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/JSON">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Debugging_JavaScript">Debugging JavaScript and handling errors</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries">JavaScript frameworks and libraries</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Introduction">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Main_features">Framework main features</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_getting_started">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_todo_list_beginning">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_components">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_events_state">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_accessibility">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_resources">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Tooling">Accessibility tooling and assistive technology</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/HTML">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Multimedia">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Mobile">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting">Challenge: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Design_for_developers">Design for developers</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Version_control">Version control</a></li><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions">Extension modules</a></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects">Advanced JavaScript objects</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_prototypes">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object-oriented_programming">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Classes_in_JavaScript">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_building_practice">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features">Challenge: Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs">Client-side web APIs</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Introduction">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Drawing_graphics">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Client-side_storage">Client-side storage</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Third_party_APIs">Third-party APIs</a></li></ol></details></li><li 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list and detail views</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Sessions">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Authentication">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Forms">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Testing">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Deployment">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/web_application_security">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs">Express web framework (Node.js)</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a 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href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/CSS">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/business_case_for_performance">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing">Testing</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Introduction">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Testing_strategies">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/HTML_and_CSS">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Feature_detection">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Automated_testing">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Your_own_automation_environment">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Transform_animate">Transform and animate CSS</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Security_privacy">Security and privacy</a></li><li class="section">Further resources</li><li class="toggle"><details><summary><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto">How to solve common problems</a></summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_HTML_problems">Solve common HTML problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems">Solve common CSS problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_JavaScript_problems">Solve common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Tools_and_setup">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/About">About</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Educators">Resources for educators</a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Changelog">Changelog</a></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#what_is_grid_layout">What is grid layout?</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#creating_your_grid_in_css">Creating your grid in CSS</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#line-based_placement">Line-based placement</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#positioning_with_grid-template-areas">Positioning with grid-template-areas</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#nesting_grids_and_subgrid">Nesting grids and subgrid</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#grid_frameworks">Grid frameworks</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#test_your_skills!">Test your skills!</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#summary">Summary</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"><header><h1>CSS grid layout</h1></header><div class="section-content"><ul class="prev-next"><li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox"><span class="button-wrap"> Previous </span></a></li><li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout"><span class="button-wrap"> Overview: CSS layout</span></a></li><li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design"><span class="button-wrap"> Next </span></a></li></ul> <p>CSS grid layout is a two-dimensional layout system for the web. It lets you organize content into rows and columns and offers many features to simplify the creation of complex layouts. This article will explain all you need to know to get started with grid layout.</p> <figure class="table-container"><table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">Prerequisites:</th> <td> <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content">Structuring content with HTML</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics">CSS Styling basics</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals">Fundamental text and font styling</a>, familiarity with <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Introduction">CSS layout fundamental concepts</a>. </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Learning outcomes:</th> <td> <ul> <li>Understand the purpose of CSS Grid — flexibly lay out a set of block or inline elements in two dimensions.</li> <li>Understand grid terminology — rows, columns, gaps, and gutters.</li> <li>Understand what <code>display: grid</code> gives you by default.</li> <li>Defining grid rows, columns, and gaps.</li> <li>Positioning elements on the grid.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure></div><section aria-labelledby="what_is_grid_layout"><h2 id="what_is_grid_layout"><a href="#what_is_grid_layout">What is grid layout?</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>A grid is a collection of horizontal and vertical lines creating a pattern against which we can line up our design elements. They help us to create layouts in which our elements won't jump around or change width as we move from page to page, providing greater consistency on our websites.</p> <p>A grid will typically have <strong>columns</strong>, <strong>rows</strong>, and then gaps between each row and column. The gaps are commonly referred to as <strong>gutters</strong>.</p> <p><img src="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/grid.png" alt="CSS grid with parts labelled as rows, columns and gutters. Rows are the horizontal segments of the grid and Columns are the vertical segments of the grid. The space between two rows is called as 'row gutter' and the space between 2 columns is called as 'column gutter'." width="1196" height="553" loading="lazy"></p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="creating_your_grid_in_css"><h2 id="creating_your_grid_in_css"><a href="#creating_your_grid_in_css">Creating your grid in CSS</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>Having decided on the grid that your design needs, you can use CSS grid layout to create it. We'll look at the basic features of grid layout first and then explore how to create a simple grid system for your project. The following video provides a nice visual explanation of using CSS grid:</p> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/KOvGeFUHAC0" title="YouTube video" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></section><section aria-labelledby="defining_a_grid"><h3 id="defining_a_grid"><a href="#defining_a_grid">Defining a grid</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Let's try out grid layouts, here is an example with a container, which has some child items. By default, these items are displayed in a normal flow, causing them to appear one below the other.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html live-sample___simple-grid_0 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___simple-grid_0 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="simple-grid 0 sample" id="frame_simple-grid_0" width="100%" height="310" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="simple-grid_0" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>Similar to how you define flexbox, you define a grid layout by setting the value of the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display"><code>display</code></a> property to <code>grid</code>. As in the case of flexbox, the <code>display: grid</code> property transforms all the direct children of the container into grid items. We have added the following CSS to the file:</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___simple-grid_1 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___simple-grid_1 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___simple-grid_1 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="simple-grid 1 sample" id="frame_simple-grid_1" width="100%" height="310" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="simple-grid_1" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>Unlike flexbox, the items will not immediately look any different. Declaring <code>display: grid</code> gives you a one column grid, so your items will continue to display one below the other as they do in normal flow.</p> <p>To see something that looks more grid-like, we'll need to add some columns to the grid. Let's add three 200-pixel columns. You can use any length unit or percentage to create these column tracks.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___simple-grid_2 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___simple-grid_2 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___simple-grid_2 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px; } </code></pre></div> <p>You should see that the items have rearranged themselves such that there's one in each cell of the grid.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="simple-grid 2 sample" id="frame_simple-grid_2" width="100%" height="130" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="simple-grid_2" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="flexible_grids_with_the_fr_unit"><h3 id="flexible_grids_with_the_fr_unit"><a href="#flexible_grids_with_the_fr_unit">Flexible grids with the fr unit</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>In addition to creating grids using lengths and percentages, we can use <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/flex_value"><code>fr</code></a>. The <code>fr</code> unit represents one fraction of the available space in the grid container to flexibly size grid rows and columns.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_0 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_0 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <p>Here we change the track listing to the following definition, creating three <code>1fr</code> tracks:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-fr-unit_0 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-fr-unit 0 sample" id="frame_grid-fr-unit_0" width="100%" height="130" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-fr-unit_0" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>You now have flexible tracks. The <code>fr</code> unit distributes space proportionally. You can specify different positive values for your tracks like so:</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_1 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_1 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <p>Now change your track listing to the following definition, creating one <code>2fr</code> two <code>1fr</code> tracks:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-fr-unit_1 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-fr-unit 1 sample" id="frame_grid-fr-unit_1" width="100%" height="130" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-fr-unit_1" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>The first track gets <code>2fr</code> of the available space and the other two tracks get <code>1fr</code>, making the first track larger. You can mix <code>fr</code> units with fixed length units. In this case, the space needed for the fixed tracks is used up first before the remaining space is distributed to the other tracks.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The <code>fr</code> unit distributes <em>available</em> space, not <em>all</em> space. Therefore, if one of your tracks has something large inside it, there will be less free space to share.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="gaps_between_tracks"><h3 id="gaps_between_tracks"><a href="#gaps_between_tracks">Gaps between tracks</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>To create gaps between tracks, we use the properties:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/column-gap"><code>column-gap</code></a> for gaps between columns</li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/row-gap"><code>row-gap</code></a> for gaps between rows</li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/gap"><code>gap</code></a> as a shorthand for both</li> </ul> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-gap notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-gap notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <p>Here we add the <code>gap</code> property to create gaps between the tracks with a value of `20px:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-gap notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 20px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-gap sample" id="frame_grid-gap" width="100%" height="180" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-gap" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>These gaps can be any length unit or percentage, but not an <code>fr</code> unit.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="repeating_track_listings"><h3 id="repeating_track_listings"><a href="#repeating_track_listings">Repeating track listings</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>You can repeat all or merely a section of your track listing using the CSS <code>repeat()</code> function. Here we change the track listing to the following:</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-repeat notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-repeat notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-repeat notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 20px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-repeat sample" id="frame_grid-repeat" width="100%" height="180" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-repeat" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>You'll now get three <code>1fr</code> tracks just as before. The first value passed to the <code>repeat()</code> function specifies the number of times you want the listing to repeat, while the second value is a track listing, which may be one or more tracks that you want to repeat.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="implicit_and_explicit_grids"><h3 id="implicit_and_explicit_grids"><a href="#implicit_and_explicit_grids">Implicit and explicit grids</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Up to this point, we've specified only column tracks, but rows are automatically created to hold the content. This concept highlights the distinction between explicit and implicit grids. Here's a bit more about the difference between the two types of grids:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Explicit grid</strong> is created using <code>grid-template-columns</code> or <code>grid-template-rows</code>.</li> <li><strong>Implicit grid</strong> extends the defined explicit grid when content is placed outside of that grid, such as into the rows by drawing additional grid lines.</li> </ul> <p>By default, tracks created in the implicit grid are <code>auto</code> sized, which in general means that they're large enough to contain their content. If you wish to give implicit grid tracks a size, you can use the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-auto-rows"><code>grid-auto-rows</code></a> and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-auto-columns"><code>grid-auto-columns</code></a> properties. If you add <code>grid-auto-rows</code> with a value of <code>100px</code> to your CSS, you'll see that those created rows are now 100 pixels tall.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-auto notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-auto notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-auto notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 100px; gap: 20px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-auto sample" id="frame_grid-auto" width="100%" height="350" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-auto" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="the_minmax_function"><h3 id="the_minmax_function"><a href="#the_minmax_function">The minmax() function</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Our 100-pixel tall tracks won't be very useful if we add content into those tracks that is taller than 100 pixels, in which case it would cause an overflow. It might be better to have tracks that are <em>at least</em> 100 pixels tall and can still expand if more content becomes added. A fairly basic fact about the web is that you never really know how tall something is going to be — additional content or larger font sizes can cause problems with designs that attempt to be pixel perfect in every dimension.</p> <p>The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/minmax"><code>minmax()</code></a> function lets us set a minimum and maximum size for a track, for example, <code>minmax(100px, auto)</code>. The minimum size is 100 pixels, but the maximum is <code>auto</code>, which will expand to accommodate more content. Here we change the <code>grid-auto-rows</code> to use a <code>minmax()</code> value:</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_0 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four<br />More content</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_0 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-minmax_0 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: minmax(50px, auto); gap: 20px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-minmax 0 sample" id="frame_grid-minmax_0" width="100%" height="210" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-minmax_0" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>If you add extra content, you'll see that the track expands to allow it to fit. Note that the expansion happens right along the row.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="as_many_columns_as_will_fit"><h3 id="as_many_columns_as_will_fit"><a href="#as_many_columns_as_will_fit">As many columns as will fit</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>We can combine some of the lessons we've learned about track listing, repeat notation, and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/minmax"><code>minmax()</code></a> to create a useful pattern. Sometimes it's helpful to be able to ask grid to create as many columns as will fit into the container. We do this by setting the value of <code>grid-template-columns</code> using the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/repeat"><code>repeat()</code></a> function, but instead of passing in a number, pass in the keyword <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/repeat#auto-fit"><code>auto-fit</code></a>. For the second parameter of the function we use <code>minmax()</code> with a minimum value equal to the minimum track size that we would like to have and a maximum of <code>1fr</code>.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_1 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four<br />More content</div> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_1 notranslate"><code>body { font: sans-serif; } .container > div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(207 232 220); border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227); } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-minmax_1 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(230px, 1fr)); grid-auto-rows: minmax(50px, auto); gap: 20px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-minmax 1 sample" id="frame_grid-minmax_1" width="100%" height="210" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-minmax_1" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>This works because grid is creating as many 230-pixel columns as will fit into the container, then sharing whatever space is leftover among all the columns. The maximum is <code>1fr</code> which, as we already know, distributes space evenly between tracks.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="line-based_placement"><h2 id="line-based_placement"><a href="#line-based_placement">Line-based placement</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>We now move on from creating a grid to placing things on the grid. Our grid always has lines — these are numbered beginning with 1 and relate to the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_writing_modes">writing mode</a> of the document. For example, column line 1 in English (written left-to-right) would be on the left-hand side of the grid and row line 1 at the top, while in Arabic (written right-to-left), column line 1 would be on the right-hand side.</p> <p>To position items along these lines, we can specify the start and end lines of the grid area where an item should be placed. There are four properties we can use to do this:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-column-start"><code>grid-column-start</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-column-end"><code>grid-column-end</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-row-start"><code>grid-row-start</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-row-end"><code>grid-row-end</code></a></li> </ul> <p>These properties accept line numbers as their values, so we can specify that an item should start on line 1 and end on line 3, for example. Alternatively, you can also use shorthand properties that let you specify the start and end lines simultaneously, separated by a forward slash <code>/</code>:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-column"><code>grid-column</code></a> shorthand for <code>grid-column-start</code> and <code>grid-column-end</code></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-row"><code>grid-row</code></a> shorthand for <code>grid-row-start</code> and <code>grid-row-end</code></li> </ul> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html live-sample___grid-placement_0 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <header>Header</header> <main> <h1>Main</h1> <p>Main content…</p> </main> <aside> <h2>Aside</h2> <p>Related content</p> </aside> <footer>footer</footer> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-placement_0 notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 20px; } header, footer { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rebeccapurple; color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; } aside { border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple; } </code></pre></div> <p>With out the placement defined, you can see that <em>auto-placement</em> is placing each item into its own cell in the grid. The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header"><code><header></code></a> is taking up <code>1fr</code> (one quarter) and the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main"><code><main></code></a> is taking up <code>3fr</code> (three quarters).</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-placement 0 sample" id="frame_grid-placement_0" width="100%" height="230" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-placement_0" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>Let's arrange all of the elements for our site by using the grid lines. Add the following rules to the bottom of your CSS:</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-placement_1 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <header>Header</header> <main> <h1>Main</h1> <p>Main content…</p> </main> <aside> <h2>Aside</h2> <p>Related content</p> </aside> <footer>footer</footer> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-placement_1 notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 20px; } header, footer { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rebeccapurple; color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; } aside { border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-placement_1 notranslate"><code>header { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 1; } main { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2; } aside { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2; } footer { grid-column: 1 / 3; grid-row: 3; } </code></pre></div> <p>Now the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header"><code><header></code></a> and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/footer"><code><footer></code></a> are set to <code>1 / 3</code>, which means to start at line <code>1</code> and ends at line <code>3</code>.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-placement 1 sample" id="frame_grid-placement_1" width="100%" height="230" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-placement_1" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> You can also use the value <code>-1</code> to target the end column or row line, then count inwards from the end using negative values. Note also that lines count always from the edges of the explicit grid, not the <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Grid">implicit grid</a>.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="positioning_with_grid-template-areas"><h2 id="positioning_with_grid-template-areas"><a href="#positioning_with_grid-template-areas">Positioning with grid-template-areas</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>An alternative way to arrange items on your grid is to use the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-template-areas"><code>grid-template-areas</code></a> property and give the various elements of your design a name.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-placement_2 notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <header>Header</header> <main> <h1>Main</h1> <p>Main content…</p> </main> <aside> <h2>Aside</h2> <p>Related content</p> </aside> <footer>footer</footer> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-placement_2 notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 20px; } header, footer { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rebeccapurple; color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; } aside { border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-placement_2 notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-areas: "header header" "sidebar content" "footer footer"; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 20px; } header { grid-area: header; } main { grid-area: content; } aside { grid-area: sidebar; } footer { grid-area: footer; } </code></pre></div> <p>Here we are using the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-template-areas"><code>grid-template-areas</code></a> property to define how the 3 rows are laid out. The first row has a value of <code>header header</code>, the second <code>sidebar content</code> and the third <code>footer footer</code>. We are then using the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-area"><code>grid-area</code></a> property to define where elements are placed in the <code>grid-template-areas</code>.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-placement 2 sample" id="frame_grid-placement_2" width="100%" height="230" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-placement_2" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>The rules for <code>grid-template-areas</code> are as follows:</p> <ul> <li>You need to have every cell of the grid filled.</li> <li>To span across two cells, repeat the name.</li> <li>To leave a cell empty, use a <code>.</code> (period).</li> <li>Areas must be rectangular — for example, you can't have an L-shaped area.</li> <li>Areas can't be repeated in different locations.</li> </ul> <p>You can play around with our layout, changing the footer to only sit underneath the article and the sidebar to span all the way down. This is a very nice way to describe a layout because it's clear just from looking at the CSS to know exactly what's happening.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="nesting_grids_and_subgrid"><h2 id="nesting_grids_and_subgrid"><a href="#nesting_grids_and_subgrid">Nesting grids and subgrid</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>It's possible to nest a grid within another grid, creating a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_grid_layout/Subgrid">"subgrid"</a>. You can do this by setting the <code>display: grid</code> property on an item in the parent grid.</p> <p>Let's expand on the previous example by adding a container for articles and using a nested grid to control the layout of multiple articles. While we're using only one column in the nested grid, we can define the rows to be split in a 4:3:3 ratio by using the <code>grid-template-rows</code> property. This approach allows us to create a layout where one article at the top of the page has a large display, while the others have a smaller, preview-like layout.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___nesting-grids notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <header>Header</header> <main> <article> <h1>Article one</h1> <p>Content…</p> </article> <article> <h1>Article two</h1> <p>Content…</p> </article> <article> <h1>Article three</h1> <p>Content…</p> </article> </main> <aside> <h2>Aside</h2> <p>Related content</p> </aside> <footer>footer</footer> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___nesting-grids notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 20px; } header, footer { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rebeccapurple; color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; } header { grid-area: header; } aside { border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple; grid-area: sidebar; } footer { grid-area: footer; } .container { display: grid; grid-template-areas: "header header" "sidebar content" "footer footer"; grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr; gap: 20px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___nesting-grids notranslate"><code>main { grid-area: content; display: grid; grid-template-rows: 4fr 3fr 3fr; gap: inherit; } article { padding: 10px; border: 2px solid rebeccapurple; border-radius: 5px; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="nesting-grids sample" id="frame_nesting-grids" width="100%" height="560" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="nesting-grids" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>To make it easier to work with layouts in nested grids, you can use <code>subgrid</code> on <code>grid-template-rows</code> and <code>grid-template-columns</code> properties. This allows you to leverage the tracks defined in the parent grid.</p> <p>In the following example, we're using <a href="#line-based_placement">line-based placement</a>, enabling the nested grid to span multiple columns and rows of the parent grid. We've added <code>subgrid</code> to inherit the parent grid's column tracks while adding a different layout for the rows within the nested grid.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___subgrid notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <div>One</div> <div>Two</div> <div>Three</div> <div>Four</div> <div class="subgrid"> <div>Five</div> <div>Six</div> <div>Seven</div> <div>Eight</div> </div> <div>Nine</div> <div>Ten</div> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___subgrid notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; } .container div { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rebeccapurple; border: 1px solid white; color: white; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___subgrid notranslate"><code>.container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(1, 1fr); gap: 10px; } .subgrid { grid-column: 1 / 4; grid-row: 2 / 4; display: grid; gap: inherit; grid-template-columns: subgrid; grid-template-rows: 2fr 1fr; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="subgrid sample" id="frame_subgrid" width="100%" height="200" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="subgrid" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="grid_frameworks"><h2 id="grid_frameworks"><a href="#grid_frameworks">Grid frameworks</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>Numerous grid frameworks are available, offering a 12 or 16-column grid, to help with laying out your content. The good news is that you probably won't need any third-party frameworks to help you create grid-based layouts — grid functionality is already included in the specification and is supported by most modern browsers.</p> <p>This has a container with a 12-column grid defined, using <code>grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr);</code>, and the same markup we used in the previous two examples. We can now use line-based placement to place our content on the 12-column grid.</p> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-frameworks notranslate"><code><div class="container"> <header>Header</header> <main> <h1>Main</h1> <p>Main content…</p> </main> <aside> <h2>Aside</h2> <p>Related content</p> </aside> <footer>footer</footer> </div> </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><pre class="brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-frameworks notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; } header, footer { border-radius: 5px; padding: 10px; background-color: rebeccapurple; color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; } aside { border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css live-sample___grid-frameworks notranslate"><code>.container { font-family: sans-serif; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr); gap: 20px; } header { grid-column: 1 / 13; grid-row: 1; } main { grid-column: 4 / 13; grid-row: 2; } aside { grid-column: 1 / 4; grid-row: 2; } footer { grid-column: 1 / 13; grid-row: 3; } </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"></div><iframe class="sample-code-frame" title="grid-frameworks sample" id="frame_grid-frameworks" width="100%" height="230" src="about:blank" data-live-path="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/" data-live-id="grid-frameworks" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts" loading="lazy"></iframe></div> <p>If you use the <a href="https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/devtools-user/page_inspector/how_to/examine_grid_layouts/index.html" class="external" target="_blank">Firefox grid inspector</a> to overlay the grid lines on your design, you can see how our 12-column grid works.</p> <p><img src="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/learn-grids-inspector.png" alt="A 12 column grid overlaid on our design." width="1537" height="534" loading="lazy"></p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="test_your_skills!"><h2 id="test_your_skills!"><a href="#test_your_skills!">Test your skills!</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>You've reached the end of this article, but can you remember the most important information? You can find some further tests to verify that you've retained this information before you move on — see <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grid_skills">Test your skills: Grid</a>.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="summary"><h2 id="summary"><a href="#summary">Summary</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>In this overview, we've toured the main features of CSS grid layout. You should be able to start using it in your designs. Next, we'll look at responsive design.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="see_also"><h2 id="see_also"><a href="#see_also">See also</a></h2><div class="section-content"><dl> <dt id="css_grid_layout"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_grid_layout#guides">CSS Grid layout</a></dt> <dd> <p>Main CSS Grid Layout module page, containing lots of further resources</p> </dd> <dt id="a_complete_guide_to_css_grid"><a href="https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/complete-guide-grid/" class="external" target="_blank">A complete guide to CSS grid</a></dt> <dd> <p>A visual guide on CSS-Tricks (2023).</p> </dd> <dt id="grid_garden"><a href="https://cssgridgarden.com/" class="external" target="_blank">Grid Garden</a></dt> <dd> <p>An educational game to learn and better understand the basics of grid on cssgridgarden.com.</p> </dd> </dl> <ul class="prev-next"><li><a class="button secondary" href="/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox"><span class="button-wrap"> Previous 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contributors. Content available under <a href="/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids","doc":{"body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<ul class=\"prev-next\"><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Previous </span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Overview: CSS layout</span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Next </span></a></li></ul>\n<p>CSS grid layout is a two-dimensional layout system for the web. It lets you organize content into rows and columns and offers many features to simplify the creation of complex layouts. This article will explain all you need to know to get started with grid layout.</p>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Prerequisites:</th>\n <td>\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content\">Structuring content with HTML</a>,\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics\">CSS Styling basics</a>,\n <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals\">Fundamental text and font styling</a>,\n familiarity with <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Introduction\">CSS layout fundamental concepts</a>.\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">Learning outcomes:</th>\n <td>\n <ul>\n <li>Understand the purpose of CSS Grid — flexibly lay out a set of block or inline elements in two dimensions.</li>\n <li>Understand grid terminology — rows, columns, gaps, and gutters.</li>\n <li>Understand what <code>display: grid</code> gives you by default.</li>\n <li>Defining grid rows, columns, and gaps.</li>\n <li>Positioning elements on the grid.</li>\n </ul>\n </td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"what_is_grid_layout","title":"What is grid layout?","isH3":false,"content":"<p>A grid is a collection of horizontal and vertical lines creating a pattern against which we can line up our design elements. They help us to create layouts in which our elements won't jump around or change width as we move from page to page, providing greater consistency on our websites.</p>\n<p>A grid will typically have <strong>columns</strong>, <strong>rows</strong>, and then gaps between each row and column. The gaps are commonly referred to as <strong>gutters</strong>.</p>\n<p><img src=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/grid.png\" alt=\"CSS grid with parts labelled as rows, columns and gutters. Rows are the horizontal segments of the grid and Columns are the vertical segments of the grid. The space between two rows is called as 'row gutter' and the space between 2 columns is called as 'column gutter'.\" width=\"1196\" height=\"553\" loading=\"lazy\"></p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"creating_your_grid_in_css","title":"Creating your grid in CSS","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Having decided on the grid that your design needs, you can use CSS grid layout to create it. We'll look at the basic features of grid layout first and then explore how to create a simple grid system for your project.\nThe following video provides a nice visual explanation of using CSS grid:</p>\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/KOvGeFUHAC0\" title=\"YouTube video\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"defining_a_grid","title":"Defining a grid","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Let's try out grid layouts, here is an example with a container, which has some child items. By default, these items are displayed in a normal flow, causing them to appear one below the other.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html live-sample___simple-grid_0 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___simple-grid_0 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"simple-grid 0 sample\" id=\"frame_simple-grid_0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"310\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"simple-grid_0\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>Similar to how you define flexbox, you define a grid layout by setting the value of the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display\"><code>display</code></a> property to <code>grid</code>. As in the case of flexbox, the <code>display: grid</code> property transforms all the direct children of the container into grid items. We have added the following CSS to the file:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___simple-grid_1 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___simple-grid_1 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___simple-grid_1 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"simple-grid 1 sample\" id=\"frame_simple-grid_1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"310\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"simple-grid_1\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>Unlike flexbox, the items will not immediately look any different. Declaring <code>display: grid</code> gives you a one column grid, so your items will continue to display one below the other as they do in normal flow.</p>\n<p>To see something that looks more grid-like, we'll need to add some columns to the grid. Let's add three 200-pixel columns. You can use any length unit or percentage to create these column tracks.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___simple-grid_2 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___simple-grid_2 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___simple-grid_2 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>You should see that the items have rearranged themselves such that there's one in each cell of the grid.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"simple-grid 2 sample\" id=\"frame_simple-grid_2\" width=\"100%\" height=\"130\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"simple-grid_2\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"flexible_grids_with_the_fr_unit","title":"Flexible grids with the fr unit","isH3":true,"content":"<p>In addition to creating grids using lengths and percentages, we can use <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/flex_value\"><code>fr</code></a>. The <code>fr</code> unit represents one fraction of the available space in the grid container to flexibly size grid rows and columns.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_0 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_0 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Here we change the track listing to the following definition, creating three <code>1fr</code> tracks:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-fr-unit_0 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-fr-unit 0 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-fr-unit_0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"130\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-fr-unit_0\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>You now have flexible tracks. The <code>fr</code> unit distributes space proportionally. You can specify different positive values for your tracks like so:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_1 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-fr-unit_1 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now change your track listing to the following definition, creating one <code>2fr</code> two <code>1fr</code> tracks:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-fr-unit_1 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-fr-unit 1 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-fr-unit_1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"130\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-fr-unit_1\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>The first track gets <code>2fr</code> of the available space and the other two tracks get <code>1fr</code>, making the first track larger. You can mix <code>fr</code> units with fixed length units. In this case, the space needed for the fixed tracks is used up first before the remaining space is distributed to the other tracks.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nThe <code>fr</code> unit distributes <em>available</em> space, not <em>all</em> space. Therefore, if one of your tracks has something large inside it, there will be less free space to share.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"gaps_between_tracks","title":"Gaps between tracks","isH3":true,"content":"<p>To create gaps between tracks, we use the properties:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/column-gap\"><code>column-gap</code></a> for gaps between columns</li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/row-gap\"><code>row-gap</code></a> for gaps between rows</li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/gap\"><code>gap</code></a> as a shorthand for both</li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-gap notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-gap notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Here we add the <code>gap</code> property to create gaps between the tracks with a value of `20px:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-gap notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-gap sample\" id=\"frame_grid-gap\" width=\"100%\" height=\"180\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-gap\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>These gaps can be any length unit or percentage, but not an <code>fr</code> unit.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"repeating_track_listings","title":"Repeating track listings","isH3":true,"content":"<p>You can repeat all or merely a section of your track listing using the CSS <code>repeat()</code> function.\nHere we change the track listing to the following:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-repeat notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-repeat notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-repeat notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n gap: 20px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-repeat sample\" id=\"frame_grid-repeat\" width=\"100%\" height=\"180\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-repeat\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>You'll now get three <code>1fr</code> tracks just as before. The first value passed to the <code>repeat()</code> function specifies the number of times you want the listing to repeat, while the second value is a track listing, which may be one or more tracks that you want to repeat.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"implicit_and_explicit_grids","title":"Implicit and explicit grids","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Up to this point, we've specified only column tracks, but rows are automatically created to hold the content. This concept highlights the distinction between explicit and implicit grids.\nHere's a bit more about the difference between the two types of grids:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Explicit grid</strong> is created using <code>grid-template-columns</code> or <code>grid-template-rows</code>.</li>\n<li><strong>Implicit grid</strong> extends the defined explicit grid when content is placed outside of that grid, such as into the rows by drawing additional grid lines.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>By default, tracks created in the implicit grid are <code>auto</code> sized, which in general means that they're large enough to contain their content. If you wish to give implicit grid tracks a size, you can use the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-auto-rows\"><code>grid-auto-rows</code></a> and <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-auto-columns\"><code>grid-auto-columns</code></a> properties. If you add <code>grid-auto-rows</code> with a value of <code>100px</code> to your CSS, you'll see that those created rows are now 100 pixels tall.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-auto notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-auto notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-auto notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n grid-auto-rows: 100px;\n gap: 20px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-auto sample\" id=\"frame_grid-auto\" width=\"100%\" height=\"350\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-auto\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"the_minmax_function","title":"The minmax() function","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Our 100-pixel tall tracks won't be very useful if we add content into those tracks that is taller than 100 pixels, in which case it would cause an overflow. It might be better to have tracks that are <em>at least</em> 100 pixels tall and can still expand if more content becomes added. A fairly basic fact about the web is that you never really know how tall something is going to be — additional content or larger font sizes can cause problems with designs that attempt to be pixel perfect in every dimension.</p>\n<p>The <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/minmax\"><code>minmax()</code></a> function lets us set a minimum and maximum size for a track, for example, <code>minmax(100px, auto)</code>. The minimum size is 100 pixels, but the maximum is <code>auto</code>, which will expand to accommodate more content. Here we change the <code>grid-auto-rows</code> to use a <code>minmax()</code> value:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_0 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four<br />More content</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_0 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-minmax_0 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n grid-auto-rows: minmax(50px, auto);\n gap: 20px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-minmax 0 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-minmax_0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"210\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-minmax_0\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>If you add extra content, you'll see that the track expands to allow it to fit. Note that the expansion happens right along the row.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"as_many_columns_as_will_fit","title":"As many columns as will fit","isH3":true,"content":"<p>We can combine some of the lessons we've learned about track listing, repeat notation, and <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/minmax\"><code>minmax()</code></a> to create a useful pattern. Sometimes it's helpful to be able to ask grid to create as many columns as will fit into the container. We do this by setting the value of <code>grid-template-columns</code> using the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/repeat\"><code>repeat()</code></a> function, but instead of passing in a number, pass in the keyword <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/repeat#auto-fit\"><code>auto-fit</code></a>. For the second parameter of the function we use <code>minmax()</code> with a minimum value equal to the minimum track size that we would like to have and a maximum of <code>1fr</code>.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_1 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four<br />More content</div>\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-minmax_1 notranslate\"><code>body {\n font: sans-serif;\n}\n.container > div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rgb(207 232 220);\n border: 2px solid rgb(79 185 227);\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-minmax_1 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(230px, 1fr));\n grid-auto-rows: minmax(50px, auto);\n gap: 20px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-minmax 1 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-minmax_1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"210\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-minmax_1\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>This works because grid is creating as many 230-pixel columns as will fit into the container, then sharing whatever space is leftover among all the columns. The maximum is <code>1fr</code> which, as we already know, distributes space evenly between tracks.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"line-based_placement","title":"Line-based placement","isH3":false,"content":"<p>We now move on from creating a grid to placing things on the grid. Our grid always has lines — these are numbered beginning with 1 and relate to the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_writing_modes\">writing mode</a> of the document. For example, column line 1 in English (written left-to-right) would be on the left-hand side of the grid and row line 1 at the top, while in Arabic (written right-to-left), column line 1 would be on the right-hand side.</p>\n<p>To position items along these lines, we can specify the start and end lines of the grid area where an item should be placed. There are four properties we can use to do this:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-column-start\"><code>grid-column-start</code></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-column-end\"><code>grid-column-end</code></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-row-start\"><code>grid-row-start</code></a></li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-row-end\"><code>grid-row-end</code></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>These properties accept line numbers as their values, so we can specify that an item should start on line 1 and end on line 3, for example.\nAlternatively, you can also use shorthand properties that let you specify the start and end lines simultaneously, separated by a forward slash <code>/</code>:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-column\"><code>grid-column</code></a> shorthand for <code>grid-column-start</code> and <code>grid-column-end</code></li>\n<li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-row\"><code>grid-row</code></a> shorthand for <code>grid-row-start</code> and <code>grid-row-end</code></li>\n</ul>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html live-sample___grid-placement_0 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <header>Header</header>\n <main>\n <h1>Main</h1>\n <p>Main content…</p>\n </main>\n <aside>\n <h2>Aside</h2>\n <p>Related content</p>\n </aside>\n <footer>footer</footer>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-placement_0 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\nheader,\nfooter {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rebeccapurple;\n color: whitesmoke;\n text-align: center;\n}\naside {\n border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>With out the placement defined, you can see that <em>auto-placement</em> is placing each item into its own cell in the grid. The <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header\"><code><header></code></a> is taking up <code>1fr</code> (one quarter) and the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/main\"><code><main></code></a> is taking up <code>3fr</code> (three quarters).</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-placement 0 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-placement_0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"230\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-placement_0\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>Let's arrange all of the elements for our site by using the grid lines. Add the following rules to the bottom of your CSS:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-placement_1 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <header>Header</header>\n <main>\n <h1>Main</h1>\n <p>Main content…</p>\n </main>\n <aside>\n <h2>Aside</h2>\n <p>Related content</p>\n </aside>\n <footer>footer</footer>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-placement_1 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\nheader,\nfooter {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rebeccapurple;\n color: whitesmoke;\n text-align: center;\n}\naside {\n border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-placement_1 notranslate\"><code>header {\n grid-column: 1 / 3;\n grid-row: 1;\n}\nmain {\n grid-column: 2;\n grid-row: 2;\n}\naside {\n grid-column: 1;\n grid-row: 2;\n}\nfooter {\n grid-column: 1 / 3;\n grid-row: 3;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Now the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/header\"><code><header></code></a> and <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/footer\"><code><footer></code></a> are set to <code>1 / 3</code>, which means to start at line <code>1</code> and ends at line <code>3</code>.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-placement 1 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-placement_1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"230\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-placement_1\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n<p><strong>Note:</strong>\nYou can also use the value <code>-1</code> to target the end column or row line, then count inwards from the end using negative values. Note also that lines count always from the edges of the explicit grid, not the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Grid\">implicit grid</a>.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"positioning_with_grid-template-areas","title":"Positioning with grid-template-areas","isH3":false,"content":"<p>An alternative way to arrange items on your grid is to use the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-template-areas\"><code>grid-template-areas</code></a> property and give the various elements of your design a name.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-placement_2 notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <header>Header</header>\n <main>\n <h1>Main</h1>\n <p>Main content…</p>\n </main>\n <aside>\n <h2>Aside</h2>\n <p>Related content</p>\n </aside>\n <footer>footer</footer>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-placement_2 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\nheader,\nfooter {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rebeccapurple;\n color: whitesmoke;\n text-align: center;\n}\naside {\n border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-placement_2 notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-areas:\n \"header header\"\n \"sidebar content\"\n \"footer footer\";\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\nheader {\n grid-area: header;\n}\nmain {\n grid-area: content;\n}\naside {\n grid-area: sidebar;\n}\nfooter {\n grid-area: footer;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>Here we are using the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-template-areas\"><code>grid-template-areas</code></a> property to define how the 3 rows are laid out. The first row has a value of <code>header header</code>, the second <code>sidebar content</code> and the third <code>footer footer</code>. We are then using the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/grid-area\"><code>grid-area</code></a> property to define where elements are placed in the <code>grid-template-areas</code>.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-placement 2 sample\" id=\"frame_grid-placement_2\" width=\"100%\" height=\"230\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-placement_2\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>The rules for <code>grid-template-areas</code> are as follows:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>You need to have every cell of the grid filled.</li>\n<li>To span across two cells, repeat the name.</li>\n<li>To leave a cell empty, use a <code>.</code> (period).</li>\n<li>Areas must be rectangular — for example, you can't have an L-shaped area.</li>\n<li>Areas can't be repeated in different locations.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>You can play around with our layout, changing the footer to only sit underneath the article and the sidebar to span all the way down. This is a very nice way to describe a layout because it's clear just from looking at the CSS to know exactly what's happening.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"nesting_grids_and_subgrid","title":"Nesting grids and subgrid","isH3":false,"content":"<p>It's possible to nest a grid within another grid, creating a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_grid_layout/Subgrid\">\"subgrid\"</a>.\nYou can do this by setting the <code>display: grid</code> property on an item in the parent grid.</p>\n<p>Let's expand on the previous example by adding a container for articles and using a nested grid to control the layout of multiple articles.\nWhile we're using only one column in the nested grid, we can define the rows to be split in a 4:3:3 ratio by using the <code>grid-template-rows</code> property.\nThis approach allows us to create a layout where one article at the top of the page has a large display, while the others have a smaller, preview-like layout.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___nesting-grids notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <header>Header</header>\n <main>\n <article>\n <h1>Article one</h1>\n <p>Content…</p>\n </article>\n <article>\n <h1>Article two</h1>\n <p>Content…</p>\n </article>\n <article>\n <h1>Article three</h1>\n <p>Content…</p>\n </article>\n </main>\n <aside>\n <h2>Aside</h2>\n <p>Related content</p>\n </aside>\n <footer>footer</footer>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___nesting-grids notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\nheader,\nfooter {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rebeccapurple;\n color: whitesmoke;\n text-align: center;\n}\nheader {\n grid-area: header;\n}\naside {\n border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple;\n grid-area: sidebar;\n}\nfooter {\n grid-area: footer;\n}\n.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-areas:\n \"header header\"\n \"sidebar content\"\n \"footer footer\";\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;\n gap: 20px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___nesting-grids notranslate\"><code>main {\n grid-area: content;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-rows: 4fr 3fr 3fr;\n gap: inherit;\n}\narticle {\n padding: 10px;\n border: 2px solid rebeccapurple;\n border-radius: 5px;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"nesting-grids sample\" id=\"frame_nesting-grids\" width=\"100%\" height=\"560\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"nesting-grids\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>To make it easier to work with layouts in nested grids, you can use <code>subgrid</code> on <code>grid-template-rows</code> and <code>grid-template-columns</code> properties. This allows you to leverage the tracks defined in the parent grid.</p>\n<p>In the following example, we're using <a href=\"#line-based_placement\">line-based placement</a>, enabling the nested grid to span multiple columns and rows of the parent grid.\nWe've added <code>subgrid</code> to inherit the parent grid's column tracks while adding a different layout for the rows within the nested grid.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___subgrid notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <div>One</div>\n <div>Two</div>\n <div>Three</div>\n <div>Four</div>\n <div class=\"subgrid\">\n <div>Five</div>\n <div>Six</div>\n <div>Seven</div>\n <div>Eight</div>\n </div>\n <div>Nine</div>\n <div>Ten</div>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___subgrid notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n}\n.container div {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rebeccapurple;\n border: 1px solid white;\n color: white;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___subgrid notranslate\"><code>.container {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);\n grid-template-rows: repeat(1, 1fr);\n gap: 10px;\n}\n.subgrid {\n grid-column: 1 / 4;\n grid-row: 2 / 4;\n display: grid;\n gap: inherit;\n grid-template-columns: subgrid;\n grid-template-rows: 2fr 1fr;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"subgrid sample\" id=\"frame_subgrid\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"subgrid\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"grid_frameworks","title":"Grid frameworks","isH3":false,"content":"<p>Numerous grid frameworks are available, offering a 12 or 16-column grid, to help with laying out your content.\nThe good news is that you probably won't need any third-party frameworks to help you create grid-based layouts — grid functionality is already included in the specification and is supported by most modern browsers.</p>\n<p>This has a container with a 12-column grid defined, using <code>grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr);</code>, and the same markup we used in the previous two examples. We can now use line-based placement to place our content on the 12-column grid.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: html hidden live-sample___grid-frameworks notranslate\"><code><div class=\"container\">\n <header>Header</header>\n <main>\n <h1>Main</h1>\n <p>Main content…</p>\n </main>\n <aside>\n <h2>Aside</h2>\n <p>Related content</p>\n </aside>\n <footer>footer</footer>\n</div>\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><pre class=\"brush: css hidden live-sample___grid-frameworks notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n}\n\nheader,\nfooter {\n border-radius: 5px;\n padding: 10px;\n background-color: rebeccapurple;\n color: whitesmoke;\n text-align: center;\n}\naside {\n border-right: 1px solid rebeccapurple;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css live-sample___grid-frameworks notranslate\"><code>.container {\n font-family: sans-serif;\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr);\n gap: 20px;\n}\nheader {\n grid-column: 1 / 13;\n grid-row: 1;\n}\nmain {\n grid-column: 4 / 13;\n grid-row: 2;\n}\naside {\n grid-column: 1 / 4;\n grid-row: 2;\n}\nfooter {\n grid-column: 1 / 13;\n grid-row: 3;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"></div><iframe class=\"sample-code-frame\" title=\"grid-frameworks sample\" id=\"frame_grid-frameworks\" width=\"100%\" height=\"230\" src=\"about:blank\" data-live-path=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/\" data-live-id=\"grid-frameworks\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe></div>\n<p>If you use the <a href=\"https://firefox-source-docs.mozilla.org/devtools-user/page_inspector/how_to/examine_grid_layouts/index.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Firefox grid inspector</a> to overlay the grid lines on your design, you can see how our 12-column grid works.</p>\n<p><img src=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids/learn-grids-inspector.png\" alt=\"A 12 column grid overlaid on our design.\" width=\"1537\" height=\"534\" loading=\"lazy\"></p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"test_your_skills!","title":"Test your skills!","isH3":false,"content":"<p>You've reached the end of this article, but can you remember the most important information? You can find some further tests to verify that you've retained this information before you move on — see <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grid_skills\">Test your skills: Grid</a>.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"summary","title":"Summary","isH3":false,"content":"<p>In this overview, we've toured the main features of CSS grid layout. You should be able to start using it in your designs. Next, we'll look at responsive design.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"see_also","title":"See also","isH3":false,"content":"<dl>\n<dt id=\"css_grid_layout\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_grid_layout#guides\">CSS Grid layout</a></dt>\n<dd>\n<p>Main CSS Grid Layout module page, containing lots of further resources</p>\n</dd>\n<dt id=\"a_complete_guide_to_css_grid\"><a href=\"https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/complete-guide-grid/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">A complete guide to CSS grid</a></dt>\n<dd>\n<p>A visual guide on CSS-Tricks (2023).</p>\n</dd>\n<dt id=\"grid_garden\"><a href=\"https://cssgridgarden.com/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Grid Garden</a></dt>\n<dd>\n<p>An educational game to learn and better understand the basics of grid on cssgridgarden.com.</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>\n<ul class=\"prev-next\"><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Previous </span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Overview: CSS layout</span></a></li><li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> Next </span></a></li></ul>"}}],"isActive":true,"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":false,"locale":"en-US","mdn_url":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids","modified":"2025-02-03T10:24:00.000Z","native":"English (US)","noIndexing":false,"other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"CSS-Grid-Layout","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"es","title":"Cuadrículas","native":"Español"},{"locale":"fr","title":"Grilles","native":"Français"},{"locale":"ja","title":"CSS グリッドレイアウト","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"ko","title":"그리드","native":"한국어"},{"locale":"ru","title":"Grids","native":"Русский"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"网格","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageTitle":"CSS grid layout - Learn web development | MDN","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development","title":"Learn"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core","title":"Core learning modules"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout","title":"CSS layout"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids","title":"CSS grid layout"}],"popularity":null,"short_title":"CSS grid layout","sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started\">Getting started modules</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup\">Environment setup</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Installing_software\">Installing basic software</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Browsing_the_web\">Browsing the web</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Code_editors\">Code editors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Dealing_with_files\">Dealing with files</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Environment_setup/Command_line\">Command line crash course</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website\">Your first website</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/What_will_your_website_look_like\">What will your website look like?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Creating_the_content\">HTML: Creating the content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Styling_the_content\">CSS: Styling the content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Adding_interactivity\">JavaScript: Adding interactivity</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Your_first_website/Publishing_your_website\">Publishing your website</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards\">Web standards</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_the_web_works\">How the web works</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/The_web_standards_model\">The web standards model</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Web_standards/How_browsers_load_websites\">How browsers load websites</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills\">Soft skills</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Research_and_learning\">Research and learning</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Collaboration_and_teamwork\">Collaboration and teamwork</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Workflows_and_processes\">Workflows and processes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Getting_started/Soft_skills/Job_interviews\">Succeeding in job interviews</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core\">Core modules</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content\">Structuring content with HTML</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Basic_HTML_syntax\">Basic HTML syntax</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Webpage_metadata\">What's in the head? Webpage metadata</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Headings_and_paragraphs\">Headings and paragraphs in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Emphasis_and_importance\">Emphasis and importance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Lists\">Lists</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_documents\">Structuring documents</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Advanced_text_features\">Advanced text features</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Creating_links\">Creating links</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Marking_up_a_letter\">Challenge: Marking up a letter</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">Challenge: Structuring a page of content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_images\">HTML images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_video_and_audio\">HTML video and audio</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Mozilla_splash_page\">Challenge: Mozilla splash page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_table_basics\">HTML table basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Table_accessibility\">HTML table accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Planet_data_table\">Challenge: Structuring a planet data table</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/HTML_forms\">Forms and buttons in HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Structuring_content/Debugging_HTML\">Debugging HTML</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics\">CSS styling basics</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/What_is_CSS\">What is CSS?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Getting_started\">Getting started with CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Styling_a_bio_page\">Challenge: Styling a biography page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Basic_selectors\">Basic CSS selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Attribute_selectors\">Attribute selectors</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Pseudo_classes_and_elements\">Pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Combinators\">Combinators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Box_model\">The box model</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Handling_conflicts\">Handling conflicts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Values_and_units\">CSS values and units</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Sizing\">Sizing items in CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Backgrounds_and_borders\">Backgrounds and borders</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Overflow\">Overflowing content</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Images_media_forms\">Images, media, and form elements</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Tables\">Styling tables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Debugging_CSS\">Debugging CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension\">Challenge: Fundamental CSS comprehension</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Fancy_letterheaded_paper\">Challenge: Creating fancy letterheaded paper</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Styling_basics/Cool-looking_box\">Challenge: A cool-looking box</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling\">CSS text styling</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Fundamentals\">Fundamental text and font styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_lists\">Styling lists</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Styling_links\">Styling links</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Web_fonts\">Web fonts</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Text_styling/Typesetting_a_homepage\">Challenge: Typesetting a community school homepage</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout\">CSS layout</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Introduction\">Introduction to CSS layout</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Floats\">Floats</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Positioning\">Positioning</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">Flexbox</a></li><li><em><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Grids\" aria-current=\"page\">CSS grid layout</a></em></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\">Responsive design</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Media_queries\">Media query fundamentals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension\">Challenge: Fundamental layout comprehension</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting\">Dynamic scripting with JavaScript</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_is_JavaScript\">What is JavaScript?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/A_first_splash\">A first splash into JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/What_went_wrong\">What went wrong? Troubleshooting JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Variables\">Storing the information you need — Variables</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Math\">Basic math in JavaScript — numbers and operators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Strings\">Handling text — strings in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Useful_string_methods\">Useful string methods</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Arrays\">Arrays</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Silly_story_generator\">Challenge: Silly story generator</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Conditionals\">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Loops\">Looping code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Functions\">Functions — reusable blocks of code</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Build_your_own_function\">Build your own function</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Return_values\">Function return values</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Events\">Introduction to events</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Event_bubbling\">Event bubbling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Image_gallery\">Challenge: Image gallery</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Object_basics\">JavaScript object basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/DOM_scripting\">DOM scripting introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Network_requests\">Making network requests with JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/JSON\">Working with JSON</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Scripting/Debugging_JavaScript\">Debugging JavaScript and handling errors</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries\">JavaScript frameworks and libraries</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Introduction\">Introduction to client-side frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/Main_features\">Framework main features</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_getting_started\">Getting started with React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our React todo list</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_components\">Componentizing our React app</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_events_state\">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering\">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_accessibility\">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Frameworks_libraries/React_resources\">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility\">Accessibility</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility\">What is accessibility?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Tooling\">Accessibility tooling and assistive technology</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/HTML\">HTML: A good basis for accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript\">CSS and JavaScript accessibility best practices</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics\">WAI-ARIA basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Multimedia\">Accessible multimedia</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Mobile\">Mobile accessibility</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting\">Challenge: Accessibility troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Design_for_developers\">Design for developers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Core/Version_control\">Version control</a></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions\">Extension modules</a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects\">Advanced JavaScript objects</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_prototypes\">Object prototypes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object-oriented_programming\">Object-oriented programming</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Classes_in_JavaScript\">Classes in JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Object_building_practice\">Object building practice</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Advanced_JavaScript_objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features\">Challenge: Adding features to our bouncing balls demo</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs\">Client-side web APIs</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Introduction\">Introduction to web APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs\">Video and Audio APIs</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Drawing_graphics\">Drawing graphics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Client-side_storage\">Client-side storage</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_APIs/Third_party_APIs\">Third-party APIs</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS\">Asynchronous JavaScript</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Introducing\">Introducing asynchronous JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Promises\">How to use promises</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Implementing_a_promise-based_API\">How to implement a promise-based API</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Introducing_workers\">Introducing workers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Async_JS/Sequencing_animations\">Challenge: Sequencing animations</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms\">Web forms</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Your_first_form\">Your first form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form\">How to structure a web form</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls\">Basic native form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/HTML5_input_types\">The HTML5 input types</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Other_form_controls\">Other form controls</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Styling_web_forms\">Styling web forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Advanced_form_styling\">Advanced form styling</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes\">UI pseudo-classes</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Form_validation\">Client-side form validation</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data\">Sending form data</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools\">Understanding client-side tools</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Overview\">Client-side tooling overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Package_management\">Package management basics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain\">Introducing a complete toolchain</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Client-side_tools/Deployment\">Deploying our app</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side\">Server-side websites</a></summary><ol><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps\">Server-side first steps</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction\">Introduction to the server side</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview\">Client-Server Overview</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks\">Server-side web frameworks</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security\">Website security</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django\">Django web framework (Python)</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Introduction\">Django introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/development_environment\">Setting up a Django development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website\">Django Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Models\">Django Tutorial Part 3: Using models</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Admin_site\">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django admin site</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Home_page\">Django Tutorial Part 5: Creating our home page</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Generic_views\">Django Tutorial Part 6: Generic list and detail views</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Sessions\">Django Tutorial Part 7: Sessions framework</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Authentication\">Django Tutorial Part 8: User authentication and permissions</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Forms\">Django Tutorial Part 9: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Testing\">Django Tutorial Part 10: Testing a Django web application</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/Deployment\">Django Tutorial Part 11: Deploying Django to production</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/web_application_security\">Django web application security</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog\">Assessment: DIY Django mini blog</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs\">Express web framework (Node.js)</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction\">Express/Node introduction</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment\">Setting up a Node development environment</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Express Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website\">Express Tutorial Part 2: Creating a skeleton website</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose\">Express Tutorial Part 3: Using a Database (with Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes\">Express Tutorial Part 4: Routes and controllers</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data\">Express Tutorial Part 5: Displaying library data</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms\">Express Tutorial Part 6: Working with forms</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment\">Express Tutorial Part 7: Deploying to production</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance\">Web performance</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/why_web_performance\">The \"why\" of web performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/What_is_web_performance\">What is web performance?</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/Perceived_performance\">Perceived performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/Measuring_performance\">Measuring performance</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/Multimedia\">Multimedia: Images</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/video\">Multimedia: video</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/JavaScript\">JavaScript performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/HTML\">HTML performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/CSS\">CSS performance optimization</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Performance/business_case_for_performance\">The business case for web performance</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing\">Testing</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Introduction\">Introduction to cross-browser testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Testing_strategies\">Strategies for carrying out testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/HTML_and_CSS\">Handling common HTML and CSS problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Feature_detection\">Implementing feature detection</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Automated_testing\">Introduction to automated testing</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Testing/Your_own_automation_environment\">Setting up your own test automation environment</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Transform_animate\">Transform and animate CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Extensions/Security_privacy\">Security and privacy</a></li><li class=\"section\">Further resources</li><li class=\"toggle\"><details><summary><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto\">How to solve common problems</a></summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_HTML_problems\">Solve common HTML problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_CSS_problems\">Solve common CSS problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Solve_JavaScript_problems\">Solve common JavaScript problems</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Web_mechanics\">Web mechanics</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Tools_and_setup\">Tools and setup</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Howto/Design_and_accessibility\">Design and accessibility</a></li></ol></details></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/About\">About</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Educators\">Resources for educators</a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn_web_development/Changelog\">Changelog</a></li></ol>","source":{"folder":"en-us/learn_web_development/core/css_layout/grids","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/learn_web_development/core/css_layout/grids/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/4139ce4b1532098a9f604da3e96eaefe7a1cdfd1","filename":"index.md"},"summary":"CSS grid layout is a two-dimensional layout system for the web. It lets you organize content into rows and columns and offers many features to simplify the creation of complex layouts. This article will explain all you need to know to get started with grid layout.","title":"CSS grid layout","toc":[{"text":"What is grid layout?","id":"what_is_grid_layout"},{"text":"Creating your grid in CSS","id":"creating_your_grid_in_css"},{"text":"Line-based placement","id":"line-based_placement"},{"text":"Positioning with grid-template-areas","id":"positioning_with_grid-template-areas"},{"text":"Nesting grids and subgrid","id":"nesting_grids_and_subgrid"},{"text":"Grid frameworks","id":"grid_frameworks"},{"text":"Test your skills!","id":"test_your_skills!"},{"text":"Summary","id":"summary"},{"text":"See also","id":"see_also"}],"pageType":"learn-module-chapter"}}</script></body></html>