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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Station (Australian agriculture)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Station_(Australian_agriculture)" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Station_(Australian_agriculture)" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Station+%28Australian+agriculture%29" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>In Australia, a <b>station</b> is a large landholding used for producing <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, predominantly <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, that needs an extensive range of <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> land. The owner of a station is called a <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralist</a> or a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/grazier" class="extiw" title="wikt:grazier">grazier</a>, corresponding to the North American term "<a href="/wiki/Rancher" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancher">rancher</a>". </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales,_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.jpg/220px-Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.jpg/330px-Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.jpg/440px-Cooplacurripa_station_in_northern_New_South_Wales%2C_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"></a><figcaption>A cattle station in northern <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG/220px-Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG/330px-Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG/440px-Sheep-Dog-Show.JPG 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="927"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Border_Collie" title="Border Collie">Border Collie</a>, left, and a collie cross working sheep in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nkb-woolshed.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nkb-woolshed.JPG/220px-Nkb-woolshed.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nkb-woolshed.JPG/330px-Nkb-woolshed.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Nkb-woolshed.JPG/440px-Nkb-woolshed.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Noonkanbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Noonkanbah">Noonkanbah</a> woolshed, now a local community centre in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vict_River_Downs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vict_River_Downs.jpg/220px-Vict_River_Downs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vict_River_Downs.jpg/330px-Vict_River_Downs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vict_River_Downs.jpg/440px-Vict_River_Downs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1179"></a><figcaption>Cattle and horses in stockyards at <a href="/wiki/Victoria_River_Downs_Station" title="Victoria River Downs Station">Victoria River Downs Station</a> circa 1985</figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Station_(Australian_agriculture)" title="Special:EditPage/Station (Australian agriculture)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Station%22+Australian+agriculture">"Station" Australian agriculture</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Station%22+Australian+agriculture+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Station%22+Australian+agriculture&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Station%22+Australian+agriculture+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Station%22+Australian+agriculture">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Station%22+Australian+agriculture&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Originally <i>station</i> referred to the <a href="/wiki/Homestead_(buildings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead (buildings)">homestead</a> – the owner's house and associated outbuildings of a pastoral property, but it now generally refers to the whole holding. Stations in Australia are on <a href="/wiki/Crown_land" title="Crown land">Crown land</a> <a href="/wiki/Pastoral_lease" title="Pastoral lease">pastoral leases</a>, and may also be known more specifically as <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep stations</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cattle_station" title="Cattle station">cattle stations</a>, as most are stock-specific, dependent upon the region and rainfall.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If they are very large, they may also have a subsidiary homestead, known as an <b>outstation</b>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Sizes"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sizes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Structure"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Structure</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Outstations"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Outstations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Facilities"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Facilities</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Personnel</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sizes">Sizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sizes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/220px--Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill,_South_Australia_2.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill,_South_Australia_2.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9"' data-width="3840" data-height="2160"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm/Aerial_views_of_Oulnina_Park_Station_at_Manna_Hill%2C_South_Australia_2.webm.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360"></source></video></span><figcaption>Aerial views of Oulnina Park Station at Manna Hill, South Australia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sheep and cattle stations can be thousands of square kilometres in area, with the nearest neighbour being hundreds of kilometres away. <a href="/wiki/Anna_Creek_Station" title="Anna Creek Station">Anna Creek Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> is the world's largest working <a href="/wiki/Cattle_station" title="Cattle station">cattle station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is roughly 24,000 square kilometres (9,300 sq mi);<sup id="cite_ref-ABC2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> much larger than the runner-up, <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Hills_Station" title="Clifton Hills Station">Clifton Hills</a>, another <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australian</a> cattle station spanning 17,000 square kilometres (6,600 sq mi); and substantially larger than America's biggest <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a> (<a href="/wiki/King_Ranch" title="King Ranch">King Ranch</a>), which is only 3,339 square kilometres (1,289 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-ABC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wrightsair_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wrightsair-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Ranch is approx 13% of the size of Anna Creek Station. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/270px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="655"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/270px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG" data-width="270" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/405px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG/540px-Anna-Creek-homestead-1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Anna Creek main <a href="/wiki/Homestead_(buildings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead (buildings)">homestead</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A station typically has a <a href="/wiki/Homestead_(buildings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead (buildings)">homestead</a> where the property owner or the manager lives. Nearby cottages or staff quarters provide housing for the employees. Storage sheds and cattle yards are also sited near the homestead. Other structures depend on the size and location of the station. Isolated stations will have a mechanic's workshop, schoolroom, a small general store to supply essentials, and possibly an entertainment or bar area for the owners and staff. Water may be supplied from a river, <a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">bores</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cattle_dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cattle dam (page does not exist)">dams</a>, in conjunction with rainwater tanks. Nowadays, if rural mains power is not connected, electricity is typically provided by a generator, although <a href="/wiki/Solar_electricity" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar electricity">solar electricity</a> systems have become increasingly common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outstations">Outstations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Outstations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattle_Creek_outstation,_Wave_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/220px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5637" data-file-height="3817"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/220px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/330px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg/440px-Cattle_Creek_outstation%2C_Wave_Hill.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Cattle Creek outstation of <a href="/wiki/Wave_Hill_Station" title="Wave Hill Station">Wave Hill</a>, NT, 1962</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, an outstation was a subsidiary homestead or other dwelling on Australian <a href="/wiki/Sheep_station" title="Sheep station">sheep</a> or cattle stations that was more than a day’s return travel from the main homestead.<sup id="cite_ref-ch1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the term later came to be more commonly used to describe a specific type of Aboriginal settlement, also known as a <a href="/wiki/Outstation_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstation movement">homeland community</a>, it is still used on cattle and sheep stations today, for example the Sturt Creek Outstation of the <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Plains_Station" title="Ruby Plains Station">Ruby Plains Station</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Rawlinna_Station" title="Rawlinna Station">Rawlinna sheep station</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia’s largest operating sheep station.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Facilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Because of the extended distances, there is a <a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Air" title="School of the Air">School of the Air</a> so that children can attend classes from their homes, originally using <a href="/wiki/Pedal-powered_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedal-powered radio">pedal-powered radios</a> to communicate with the teachers, developed by South Australian engineer and inventor <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Traeger" title="Alfred Traeger">Alfred Traeger</a> in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The larger stations have their own school and teacher to educate the children on the station until at least they commence <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a>. Large isolated stations have their own stores to supply workers with their needs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Medical assistance is given by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Doctor_Service_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia">Royal Flying Doctor Service</a> (also originally using Traeger's pedal radio technology), where medical staff such as doctors and nurses can treat patients at their homes, or <a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">airlift</a> emergency and seriously ill patients to hospitals at the nearest towns. The <a href="/wiki/Westpac_Life_Saver_Rescue_Helicopter_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service">Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Automobile_Club_of_Australia" title="Royal Automobile Club of Australia">RAC</a> rescue <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> and its trained medical crews also respond quickly to emergencies threatening the life, health and safety of people caused through medical emergency, illness, natural disaster, accidents or mishap. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personnel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>A station hand is an employee, who is involved in routine duties on a station and this may also involve caring for livestock. </p><p>Some stations are in remote areas that are not easy to access, limiting their population greatly. Accommodation for couples and families may be limited.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important example is the <a href="/wiki/Jackaroo_(trainee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackaroo (trainee)">jackaroo</a> (male) or <a href="/wiki/Jackaroo_(trainee)#Jillaroo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackaroo (trainee)">jillaroo</a> (female), a young person who works on a station for several years in a form of apprenticeship, in order to become an overseer or rural property manager.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AE_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal people</a> have played a big part in the northern cattle industry where they were and still are competent <a href="/wiki/Stockman_(Australia)" title="Stockman (Australia)">stockmen</a> on the cattle stations. Nowadays staff on these stations may work in the homestead and in stock camps. Stockmen, especially ringers, may be seasonal employees. Others include boremen, managers, <a href="/wiki/Mechanic" title="Mechanic">mechanics</a>, machinery operators (including grader drivers), station and camp cooks, teachers, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Overseer" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Overseer">overseers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeper" class="mw-redirect" title="Bookkeeper">bookkeepers</a>. <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_surgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary surgeon">Veterinary surgeons</a> also fly to some of the more distant cattle and sheep stations. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><a href="/wiki/Jeannie_Gunn" title="Jeannie Gunn">Jeannie Gunn</a> arrived at <a href="/wiki/Elsey_Station" title="Elsey Station">Elsey Station</a> in 1902, leaving after her husband died, and in 1908 wrote the book <i><a href="/wiki/We_of_the_Never_Never" title="We of the Never Never">We of the Never Never</a></i> based on her time on the property.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsey also featured in the 1946 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Overlanders_(film)" title="The Overlanders (film)">The Overlanders</a></i>. The crew set up camp on the property for a month, and the river crossing sequence was shot at the <a href="/wiki/Roper_River" title="Roper River">Roper River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writer <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Upfield" title="Arthur Upfield">Arthur Upfield</a> spent many years working in the outback and on stations in many different jobs; he later described station life of the early 20th century in his novels. </p><p>The long-running television drama <i><a href="/wiki/McLeod%27s_Daughters" title="McLeod's Daughters">McLeod's Daughters</a></i> (2001–2009) is set on an Australian cattle station. The 2008 film <i><a href="/wiki/Australia_(2008_film)" title="Australia (2008 film)">Australia</a></i> was set on the fictional station Faraway Downs; the movie was filmed on <a href="/wiki/Home_Valley_Station" title="Home Valley Station">Home Valley Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2016 <a href="/wiki/Videogame" class="mw-redirect" title="Videogame">videogame</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Sid_Meier%27s_Civilization_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sid Meier's Civilization VI">Sid Meier's Civilization VI</a></i> introduces Australia into the series, with one ability being a unique tile improvement called the Outback Station.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/28px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png" data-alt="grain" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/42px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg/56px-Noto_Emoji_Oreo_1f33e.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Agriculture_and_Agronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Agriculture and Agronomy">Agriculture and Agronomy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ranches_and_stations#Australia" title="List of ranches and stations">List of ranches and stations § Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_stations_in_Australia" title="List of the largest stations in Australia">List of the largest stations in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_station#Outstations" title="Cattle station">Outstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_lease" title="Pastoral lease">Pastoral lease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangeland#Australia" title="Rangeland">Rangeland#Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_(New_Zealand_agriculture)" title="Station (New Zealand agriculture)">Station (New Zealand agriculture)</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Station_(Australian_agriculture)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon 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.reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTaylor,_Peter1988" class="citation cs2">Taylor, Peter (1988), <i>Station life in Australia : pioneers and pastoralists</i>, Allen & Unwin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-332135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-332135-5"><bdi>978-0-04-332135-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Station+life+in+Australia+%3A+pioneers+and+pastoralists&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-04-332135-5&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Chisholm, Alec H.". <i>The Australian Encyclopaedia</i>. Vol. 8. Sydney: Halstead Press. 1963. p. 275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chisholm%2C+Alec+H.&rft.btitle=The+Australian+Encyclopaedia&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Halstead+Press&rft.date=1963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMercer2008" class="citation web cs1">Mercer, Phil (9 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7443625.stm">"Cattle farms lure Australian women"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cattle+farms+lure+Australian+women&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2F7443625.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2016" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Carmen; et al. (12 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-12-12/anna-creek-williams-family-kidman-cattle-empire/8112370">"South Australian family prepares to take over world's largest cattle station"</a>. <i>News</i>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=South+Australian+family+prepares+to+take+over+world%27s+largest+cattle+station&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Carmen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-12-12%2Fanna-creek-williams-family-kidman-cattle-empire%2F8112370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrozier2005" class="citation news cs1">Crozier, Randall (14 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/site-archive/rural/sa/stories/s1414362.htm">"Big, big Anna Creek Station"</a>. <i>SA Country Hour Summary</i>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SA+Country+Hour+Summary&rft.atitle=Big%2C+big+Anna+Creek+Station&rft.date=2005-07-14&rft.aulast=Crozier&rft.aufirst=Randall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fsite-archive%2Frural%2Fsa%2Fstories%2Fs1414362.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wrightsair-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wrightsair_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080301111927/http://www.wrightsair.com.au/anna.htm">"Anna Creek Station"</a>. Wrightsair. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrightsair.com.au/anna.htm">the original</a> on 1 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anna+Creek+Station&rft.pub=Wrightsair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrightsair.com.au%2Fanna.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ch1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyersPeterson2016" class="citation book cs1">Myers, Fred; Peterson, Nicolas (January 2016). "1. The origins and history of outstations as Aboriginal life projects". In Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p331981/pdf/ch011.pdf"><i>Experiments in self-determination:Histories of the outstation movement in Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Monographs in Anthropology. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2FESD.01.2016">10.22459/ESD.01.2016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925022902" title="Special:BookSources/9781925022902"><bdi>9781925022902</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+The+origins+and+history+of+outstations+as+Aboriginal+life+projects&rft.btitle=Experiments+in+self-determination%3AHistories+of+the+outstation+movement+in+Australia&rft.series=Monographs+in+Anthropology&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2FESD.01.2016&rft.isbn=9781925022902&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Nicolas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress-files.anu.edu.au%2Fdownloads%2Fpress%2Fp331981%2Fpdf%2Fch011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> (Book details <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/series/monographs-anthropology/experiments-self-determination">here</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au/learningobjects/Content/R11294/object/r7756.html">"R7756 Cattle Creek outstation, 1962"</a>. <i>Wave Hill walk-off</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wave+Hill+walk-off&rft.atitle=R7756+Cattle+Creek+outstation%2C+1962&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftlf.dlr.det.nsw.edu.au%2Flearningobjects%2FContent%2FR11294%2Fobject%2Fr7756.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrongRoegerLow1986" class="citation web cs1">Strong, B. W; Roeger, L.; Low, William A. (October 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10070/260128">"Resource appraisal of Cattle Creek Station Pastoral Lease 912: prepared for Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory, Alice Springs"</a>. <i>Territory Stories</i>. W. A. Low Ecological Services. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10070%2F260128">10070/260128</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>Residence at the former outstation was ephemeral during periods of cattle working in the Cattle Creek area. Permanent residence was at Wave Hill Homestead where a few Aboriginals still live.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Territory+Stories&rft.atitle=Resource+appraisal+of+Cattle+Creek+Station+Pastoral+Lease+912%3A+prepared+for+Conservation+Commission+of+the+Northern+Territory%2C+Alice+Springs&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1986-10&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10070%2F260128&rft.aulast=Strong&rft.aufirst=B.+W&rft.au=Roeger%2C+L.&rft.au=Low%2C+William+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10070%2F260128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStation+%28Australian+agriculture%29" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://territorystories.nt.gov.au/jspui/bitstream/10070/260128/1/Resource_appraisal_of_Cattle_Creek_Station_Pastoral_lease_912.pdf">PDF</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kidman.com.au/locations/sturt-creek/">"Sturt Creek Outstation"</a>. <i>S. 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