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</a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_the_conflict_in_Menaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Areas_of_control_prior_to_the_offensives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_of_control_prior_to_the_offensives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Areas of control prior to the offensives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_of_control_prior_to_the_offensives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Initial attacks </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initial_attacks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Initial attacks subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Initial_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tamalat_and_Insalane_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamalat_and_Insalane_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Tamalat and Insalane attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamalat_and_Insalane_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Raid_on_Andéramboukane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Raid_on_Andéramboukane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 First Raid on Andéramboukane </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Raid_on_Andéramboukane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_Operation_Barkhane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_Operation_Barkhane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Role of Operation Barkhane </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_Operation_Barkhane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ansongo_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ansongo_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ansongo offensive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ansongo_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Andéramboukane_and_arrival_of_Wagner_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Andéramboukane_and_arrival_of_Wagner_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Battle of Andéramboukane and arrival of Wagner Group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Andéramboukane_and_arrival_of_Wagner_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offensive_on_Ménaka_and_massacres_of_Tuaregs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offensive_on_Ménaka_and_massacres_of_Tuaregs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Offensive on Ménaka and massacres of Tuaregs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offensive_on_Ménaka_and_massacres_of_Tuaregs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jama'at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_counterattacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jama'at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_counterattacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin counterattacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jama'at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_counterattacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidation_of_the_region_by_the_Islamic_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidation_of_the_region_by_the_Islamic_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Consolidation of the region by the Islamic State </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consolidation_of_the_region_by_the_Islamic_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" 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id="toc-Refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Refugees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Offensive by the Islamic State in Mali</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Ménaka offensive</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict">al-Qaeda–Islamic State conflict</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/JNIM-ISGS_war" title="JNIM-ISGS war">JNIM-ISGS war</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>March 8, 2022 - May 2023</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka_Cercle" title="Ménaka Cercle">Ménaka Cercle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Islamic State in the Greater Sahara victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> All of the Menaka region, besides the city of Menaka, comes under Islamic State control</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Strategic_Framework_for_Peace,_Security,_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development">Platform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad" title="Movement for the Salvation of Azawad">Movement for the Salvation of Azawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:GATIA_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GATIA_flag.svg/20px-GATIA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GATIA_flag.svg/30px-GATIA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GATIA_flag.svg/40px-GATIA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Imghad_Tuareg_Self-Defense_Group_and_Allies" title="Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies">Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li></ul> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Takuba_Task_Force" title="Takuba Task Force">Takuba Task Force</a> (until June 2022) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/File:PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png/20px-PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png/30px-PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png/40px-PMC_Wagner_Center_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="468" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> (from June 2022) <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> (from March 2023)</li></ul> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">Islamic State in the Greater Sahara</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Ag_Acharatoumane" title="Moussa Ag Acharatoumane">Moussa Ag Acharatoumane</a> <a href="/wiki/File:GATIA_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GATIA_flag.svg/20px-GATIA_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GATIA_flag.svg/30px-GATIA_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/GATIA_flag.svg/40px-GATIA_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_Ag_Gamou" title="El Hadj Ag Gamou">El Hadj Ag Gamou</a> <hr /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/20px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/31px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/40px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> Oumeya Ould Albakaye</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 900+ (per ACLED) (as of September 2022)<a href="#cite_note-lemonde.fr-1">[1]</a> 1,000+ (per <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad" title="Movement for the Salvation of Azawad">MSA</a>) (as of July 2022)<a href="#cite_note-lemonde.fr-1">[1]</a> 50,000 refugees<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mali_War" title="Mali War">Mali War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Mali_War" title="Timeline of the Mali War">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali" title="International Criminal Court investigation in Mali">ICC investigation</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_rebellion_(2012)" title="Tuareg rebellion (2012)">Tuareg rebellion (2012)</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Menaka_(January_2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Menaka (January 2012)">1st Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aguelhok" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Aguelhok">1st Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tin-Hama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tin-Hama">Tin-Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Emsal" title="Battle of In Emsal">In Emsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane" title="Fall of Andéramboukane">1st Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessalit" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tessalit">1st Tessalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niafunk%C3%A9" title="Battle of Niafunké">1st Niafunké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2012)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2012)">1st Tinzaouaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tinsalane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tinsalane">Tinsalane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goumakoura" title="Battle of Goumakoura">1st Goumakoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit" title="Battle of Tessit">1st Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sudere" title="Battle of Sudere">Sudere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2012)" title="Battle of Kidal (2012)">1st Kidal</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2012 Malian coup d'état">2012 coup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Malian_counter-coup_attempt" title="2012 Malian counter-coup attempt">2012 counter-coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djicoroni" title="Battle of Djicoroni">Djicoroni</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Azawad" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal conflict in Azawad">Internal conflict in Azawad</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Timbuktu" title="Fall of Timbuktu">1st Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gao" title="Battle of Gao">1st Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane_(2012)" title="Battle of In-Delimane (2012)">1st In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambush_of_Tagarangabotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambush of Tagarangabotte">Tagarangabotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Menaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Menaka">2nd Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khalil" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khalil">Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Arab" title="Battle of In Arab">In Arab</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Mali_War#Foreign_intervention_(January_2013)" title="Mali War">Foreign intervention</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Serval" title="Operation Serval">Operation Serval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-led_International_Support_Mission_to_Mali" title="African-led International Support Mission to Mali">AFISMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian_intervention_in_northern_Mali" title="Chadian intervention in northern Mali">Chadian military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUTM_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="EUTM Mali">EUTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Multidimensional_Integrated_Stabilization_Mission_in_Mali" title="United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali">MINUSMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konna" title="Battle of Konna">Konna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Gao" title="Bombardment of Gao">2nd Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diabaly" title="Battle of Diabaly">Diabaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Gao" title="Second Battle of Gao">3rd Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Gao" title="Third Battle of Gao">4th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ifoghas" title="Battle of Ifoghas">Ifoghas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther_(2013)" title="Operation Panther (2013)">Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Gao" title="Fourth Battle of Gao">5th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In_Khalil" title="Battle of In Khalil">In Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timetrine" title="Battle of Timetrine">Timetrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2013_Kidal_attack" title="February 2013 Kidal attack">1st Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imenas" title="Battle of Imenas">Imenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tin_Keraten" title="Battle of Tin Keraten">Tin Keraten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tigharghar" title="Battle of Tigharghar">Tigharghâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djebok" title="Battle of Djebok">1st Djebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Timbuktu" title="Battle of Timbuktu">2nd Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Gao" title="Fifth Battle of Gao">6th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Timbuktu" title="Second Battle of Timbuktu">3rd Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2013_Kidal_attack" title="April 2013 Kidal attack">2nd Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2013)" title="Battle of Ber (2013)">1st Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hamakouladji" title="Battle of Hamakouladji">Hamakouladji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anefis_(May_2013)" title="Battle of Anefis (May 2013)">1st Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anefis_(June_2013)" title="Battle of Anefis (June 2013)">2nd Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foo%C3%AFta_skirmish" title="Fooïta skirmish">Fooïta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douaya_clashes" title="Douaya clashes">Douaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Tessalit_attack" title="2013 Tessalit attack">2nd Tessalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazragane_skirmish" title="Amazragane skirmish">Amazragane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Araouane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Araouane">1st Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2013_Kidal_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2013 Kidal attack">3rd Kidal attack</a></li></ul> 2014 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kondaoui" title="Battle of Kondaoui">Kondaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamkoutat_massacre" title="Tamkoutat massacre">Tamkoutat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Ametettai" title="Bombardment of Ametettai">1st Ametettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dayet_in_Maharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Dayet in Maharat">Dayet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Inabohane_and_Ebahlal" title="Battles of Inabohane and Ebahlal">Inabohane and Ebahlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battle_of_Kidal" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Battle of Kidal">2nd Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Aguelhok_attack" title="2014 Aguelhok attack">2nd Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_An%C3%A9fis_(2014)" title="Battle of Anéfis (2014)">3rd Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2014)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2014)">1st Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indelimane_ambush" title="2014 Indelimane ambush">2nd Indelimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametettai_offensive" title="Ametettai offensive">2nd Ametettai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Tillit_clashes" title="N'Tillit clashes">N'Tillit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tabankort_(2014)" title="Raid on Tabankort (2014)">2nd Tabankort</a></li></ul> 2015 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Nampala_(2015)" title="Raid on Nampala (2015)">1st Nampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_T%C3%A9nenkou" title="Raid on Ténenkou">Ténenkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2015)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2015)">3rd Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabrichat" title="Battle of Tabrichat">Tabrichat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Bamako_shooting" title="March 2015 Bamako shooting">Bamako restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2015_Kidal_attack" title="March 2015 Kidal attack">4th Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(2015)" title="Battle of Léré (2015)">1st Léré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Telout_ambush" title="Tin Telout ambush">Tin Telout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nara_(2015)" title="Battle of Nara (2015)">Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoumbaout_ambush" title="Takoumbaout ambush">Takoumbaout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sama_Forest" title="Battle of the Sama Forest">Sama Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gourma-Rharous_attack" title="2015 Gourma-Rharous attack">1st Gourma-Rharous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9_hotel_attack" title="Sévaré hotel attack">Sévaré hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Anefis_dispute" title="2015 Anefis dispute">4th Anéfis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ti%C3%A9banda_skirmish" title="Tiébanda skirmish">Tiébanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bamako_hotel_attack" title="2015 Bamako hotel attack">Bamako hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Kidal_attack" title="November 2015 Kidal attack">5th Kidal attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak_(2015)" title="Battle of Talahandak (2015)">1st Talahandak</a></li></ul> 2016 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wanna_ambush" title="Wanna ambush">Wanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aguelhok_ambush" title="2016 Aguelhok ambush">3rd Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9var%C3%A9_ambush" title="Sévaré ambush">Sévaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nampala_attack" title="2016 Nampala attack">2nd Nampala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2016)" title="Battle of Kidal (2016)">3rd Kidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touzik_clashes" title="Touzik clashes">Touzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjlal_clashes" title="Adjlal clashes">Adjlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goumakoura_ambush" title="Goumakoura ambush">2nd Goumakoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazay-Kazay_ambush" title="Kazay-Kazay ambush">Kazay-Kazay</a></li></ul> 2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Gao_bombing" title="2017 Gao bombing">6th Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Boulikessi_attack" title="2017 Boulikessi attack">1st Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gourma-Rharous_(2017)" title="Battle of Gourma-Rharous (2017)">2nd Gourma-Rharous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Foulsar%C3%A9_Forest" title="Battle of the Foulsaré Forest">Foulsaré Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Dogofry_ambush" title="2017 Dogofry ambush">1st Dogofry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Serma_Forest_(2017)" title="Battle of the Serma Forest (2017)">1st Serma Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintagoungou_attack" title="Bintagoungou attack">Bintagoungou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaba_attack" title="Kangaba attack">Kangaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkadogotane_ambush" title="Inkadogotane ambush">Inkadogotane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djebok_ambush" title="Djebok ambush">2nd Djebok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Takellote" title="Battle of Takellote">Takellote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Timbuktu_attack" title="2017 Timbuktu attack">4th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Tin_Biden" title="Raid on Tin Biden">Tin Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indelimane_ambush" title="2017 Indelimane ambush">3rd Indelimane</a></li></ul> 2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_In-Delimane" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of In-Delimane">4th In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youwarou_attack" title="Youwarou attack">Youwarou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumpi_attack" title="Soumpi attack">Soumpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inaghalawass_skirmish" title="Inaghalawass skirmish">Inaghalawass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araouane_clashes" title="Araouane clashes">2nd Araouane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Akabar" title="Battle of Akabar">Akabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Timbuktu_attack" title="2018 Timbuktu attack">5th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aklaz_and_Awkassa_massacres" title="Aklaz and Awkassa massacres">Aklaz and Awkassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Talataye_attack" title="2018 Talataye attack">1st Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabarde" title="Battle of Tabarde">Tabarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Boni_attack" title="2018 Boni attack">1st Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inabelbel_clashes" title="Inabelbel clashes">Inabelbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumouni_skirmish" title="Soumouni skirmish">Soumouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Dogofry_ambush" title="2018 Dogofry ambush">2nd Dogofry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ndaki" title="Battle of Ndaki">Ndaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2018)" title="Battle of Ber (2018)">2nd Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Farimake" title="Battle of Farimake">Farimake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinabaw_and_Tabangout-Tissalatatene_massacres" title="Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene massacres">Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abanguilou" title="Battle of Abanguilou">Abanguilou</a></li></ul> 2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koulogon_massacre" title="Koulogon massacre">Koulogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Serma_Forest_(2019)" title="Battle of the Serma Forest (2019)">2nd Serma Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghatert_and_West_Inekar_massacres" title="Taghatert and West Inekar massacres">Taghatert and West Inekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Aguelhok_attack" title="2019 Aguelhok attack">4th Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elakla" title="Battle of Elakla">Elakla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dialloub%C3%A9" title="Raid on Dialloubé">Dialloubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diankabou_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Diankabou attack">Diankabou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dioura_(2019)" title="Raid on Dioura (2019)">1st Dioura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogossagou_massacre" title="Ogossagou massacre">Ogossagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ti%C3%A9saba-Bourgou" title="Operation Tiésaba-Bourgou">Tiésaba-Bourgou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guir%C3%A9_attack" title="Guiré attack">Guiré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobane_Da_massacre" title="Sobane Da massacre">Sobane Da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangafani_and_Yoro_massacres" title="Gangafani and Yoro massacres">Gangafani and Yoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fafa_skirmish" title="Fafa skirmish">Fafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2019)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2019)">2nd Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indelimane_attack" title="2019 Indelimane attack">5th In-Delimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabankort_(2019)" title="Battle of Tabankort (2019)">4th Tabankort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_M%C3%A9naka_mid-air_collision" title="2019 Ménaka mid-air collision">3rd Ménaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2019)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2019)">1st Wagadou Forest</a></li></ul> 2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dioungani_ambush" title="Dioungani ambush">Dioungani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokolo_attack" title="Sokolo attack">Sokolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tarkint_attack" title="2020 Tarkint attack">1st Tarkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bamba" title="Battle of Bamba">1st Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talahandak" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Talahandak">2nd Talahandak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouka_Wer%C3%A9_ambush" title="Bouka Weré ambush">Bouka Weré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Bankass_massacres" title="2020 Bankass massacres">Bankass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Farabougou" title="Siege of Farabougou">1st Farabougou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoura_attack" title="Sokoura attack">Sokoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boulikessi_(2020)" title="Battle of Boulikessi (2020)">3rd Boulikessi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tadamakat_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tadamakat (2020)">Tadamakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Niaki">Niaki</a></li></ul> 2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mali_wedding_airstrike" title="Mali wedding airstrike">Wedding airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulikessi_and_Mondoro_attacks_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulikessi and Mondoro attacks (2021)">Boulikessi and Mondoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Boni_attack" title="2021 Boni attack">2nd Boni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_(2021)" title="Battle of Tessit (2021)">2nd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Aguelhok_attack" title="2021 Aguelhok attack">5th Aguelhok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">Coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarkint_attack_(2021)" title="Tarkint attack (2021)">2nd Tarkint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karou_and_Ouatagouna_massacres" title="Karou and Ouatagouna massacres">Karou and Ouatagouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Dangarous Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nokara_ambush" title="Nokara ambush">Nokara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodio_ambush" title="Bodio ambush">Bodio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mopti_bus_massacre" title="Mopti bus massacre">Mopti</a></li></ul> 2022 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archam_clashes" title="Archam clashes">Archam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangu%C3%A8r%C3%A8_Wotoro_massacre" title="Danguèrè Wotoro massacre">Danguèrè Wotoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mondoro_attack" title="2022 Mondoro attack">Mondoro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ménaka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">2nd Andéramboukane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Tessit_attack" title="2022 Tessit attack">3rd Tessit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">2nd Talataye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2022_Islamic_State-Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2022 Islamic State-Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashes">Tadjalalt and Haroum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Moura" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Moura">Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hombori_massacre" title="Hombori massacre">Hombori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Mopti_region_attacks" title="April 2022 Mopti region attacks">Mopti Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bankass_massacres" title="2022 Bankass massacres">Diallassagou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bandiagara_highway_bombing" title="2022 Bandiagara highway bombing">Bandiagara</a></li></ul> 2023 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markacoungo_attack" title="Markacoungo attack">Markacoungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diafarab%C3%A9_and_Koumara_attacks" title="Diafarabé and Koumara attacks">Diafarabé and Koumara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kani_Bonzon_massacre" title="Kani Bonzon massacre">Kani Bonzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Timbuktu" title="Siege of Timbuktu">5th Timbuktu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ber_(2023)" title="Battle of Ber (2023)">3rd Ber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombouctou_and_Bamba_attacks" title="Tombouctou and Bamba attacks">Tombouctou and Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bourem" title="Battle of Bourem">Bourem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%A9r%C3%A9_(2023)" title="Battle of Léré (2023)">2nd Léré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Dioura_(2023)" title="Raid on Dioura (2023)">2nd Dioura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Bamba_attack" title="2023 Bamba attack">2nd Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_offensive" title="Kidal offensive">Kidal Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kidal_(2023)" title="Battle of Kidal (2023)">4th Kidal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niafunk%C3%A9_attack" title="Niafunké attack">2nd Niafunké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labbezanga_attack" title="Labbezanga attack">Labbezanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Farabougou_attack" title="2023 Farabougou attack">2nd Farabougou</a></li></ul> 2024 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwala_attack" title="Kwala attack">Kwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douna_drone_strike" title="Douna drone strike">Douna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wagadou_Forest_(2024)" title="Battle of the Wagadou Forest (2024)">2nd Wagadou Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourdiah_attack" title="Mourdiah attack">Mourdiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abe%C3%AFbara_massacres" title="Abeïbara massacres">Abeïbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiguibombo_massacre" title="Djiguibombo massacre">Djiguibombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tinzaouaten_(2024)" title="Battle of Tinzaouaten (2024)">2nd Tinzaouaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bamako_attacks" title="2024 Bamako attacks">Bamako</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Ménaka offensive was a series of offensives launched by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_the_Greater_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in the Greater Sahara">Islamic State in the Greater Sahara</a> against the Malian Army, Tuareg self-defense groups including the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad" title="Movement for the Salvation of Azawad">Movement for the Salvation of Azawad</a> (MSA) and <a href="/wiki/Imghad_Tuareg_Self-Defense_Group_and_Allies" title="Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies">Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies</a> (GATIA), and the al-Qaeda-aligned <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a>. The offensives took place in the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka_Cercle" title="Ménaka Cercle">Ménaka Cercle</a>, in southeastern Mali. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_of_the_conflict_in_Menaka">Rise of the conflict in Menaka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rise of the conflict in Menaka">edit</a>]</div> In the late 2010s, the Menaka Cercle, which borders <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">tripoint</a>, has seen fighting between Tuareg self-defense groups and jihadist groups. The first clashes began in the mid-2010's with <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Oneness_and_Jihad_in_West_Africa" title="Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa">Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa</a> (MUJAO), a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a> (JNIM), and by the 2020s, the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara became the largest jihadist group in the area.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> ISGS is predominantly made up of <a href="/wiki/Fula_people" title="Fula people">Fulani</a>, a nomadic Muslim herder group that has been in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Daoussahak" class="mw-redirect" title="Daoussahak">Daoussahak Tuaregs</a> for generations.<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a> In 2017, the leader of ISGS, <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi</a>, accused the MSA and GATIA, in particular their leaders <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Ag_Acharatoumane" title="Moussa Ag Acharatoumane">Moussa Ag Acharatoumane</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_Ag_Gamou" title="El Hadj Ag Gamou">El Hadj Ag Gamou</a>, of allying with France and Niger.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> The accusation was a <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a>, accusing all Tuaregs of allying with France, Niger, and Mali, and al-Sahrawi threatened attacks on Tuaregs if MSA and GATIA did not denounce the governments of those countries.<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> The statement by ISGS intensified conflict between Tuaregs and Fulani, sparking the <a href="/wiki/Aklaz_and_Awkassa_massacres" title="Aklaz and Awkassa massacres">Aklaz and Awkassa massacres</a> that saw 47 Tuareg civilians killed by ISGS.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In 2021, faced with an increase of Tuareg and <a href="/wiki/Zarma_people" title="Zarma people">Zarma</a> militias in Menaka region and Niger's <a href="/wiki/Tillab%C3%A9ri_Region" title="Tillabéri Region">Tillabéri region</a>, ISGS increased massacres against Tuareg civilians and militants, killing several hundred. Around this time, ISGS expanded to Niger's <a href="/wiki/Tahoua_Region" title="Tahoua Region">Tahoua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tillia" title="Tillia">Tillia</a> regions.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Areas_of_control_prior_to_the_offensives">Areas of control prior to the offensives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Areas of control prior to the offensives">edit</a>]</div> By 2022, the capital and largest city of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka_Cercle" title="Ménaka Cercle">Ménaka Cercle</a>, the town of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9naka" title="Ménaka">Ménaka</a>, was under control of the MSA, along with several other key towns in the region.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> The Malian Army, French Army in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barkhane" title="Operation Barkhane">Operation Barkhane</a>, and a Czech contingent of <a href="/wiki/Takuba_Task_Force" title="Takuba Task Force">Takuba Task Force</a> were present in Ménaka as well, but only the city.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> At the time, the French army was in the process of dismantling Operation Barkhane, and the Malian government rejected their requests to intervene.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> In an interview, the journalist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wassim_Nasr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wassim Nasr (page does not exist)">Wassim Nasr</a> stated "The security of this area depends on the MSA, the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Strategic_Framework_for_Peace,_Security,_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development">CSP</a>, and other Tuareg factions."<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> At the time, JNIM controlled areas south and west of <a href="/wiki/Talataye" title="Talataye">Talataye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> Despite the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi" title="Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi">death of al-Sahrawi in 2021</a>, ISGS was able to launch its offensive with several hundred fighters.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> Part of this strength came from an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_West_Africa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State West Africa Province">Islamic State West Africa Province</a> (ISWAP), which including fighters from Nigeria.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> In late March 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency" title="Amaq News Agency">Amaq News Agency</a> declared ISGS to be its own separate province of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a>, as previously it was considered part of ISWAP.<a href="#cite_note-:5-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_attacks">Initial attacks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Initial attacks">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamalat_and_Insalane_attacks">Tamalat and Insalane attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tamalat and Insalane attacks">edit</a>]</div> On March 1, 2022, Omar Ag Badjat, an MSA officer, was assassinated by ISGS in the village of Igaghi.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In response, the MSA banned civilians in Tamalat sympathetic to ISGS from giving them food.<a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a> In the days that followed, eight ISGS militants were killed in reprisal attacks.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> On March 5, videos circulated of ISGS leadership stating that under Islamic law, it was lawful to kill cattle of Daoussahak who supported the MSA. The group launched raids on Tuareg herders, killing hundreds of cattle near the Malian-Nigerien border.<a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a> On March 8, around 2pm, several hundred ISGS fighters launched a raid on the village of Tamalat, and captured it.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a> MSA reinforcements made their way to the village, but as they were picking up bodies, ISGS raided a second time. Two MSA commanders were killed in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-:7-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a> The next day, the MSA released a statement warning of ISGS-affiliated attackers in Tamalat.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> They also claimed that in the attacks, four MSA fighters were killed and two were injured, twelve civilians massacred, and three ISGS attackers killed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Local sources stated that despite regaining control of Tamalat, the MSA was alone in the conflict against ISGS in the Tamalat area, and that the group was surprised with the number of attackers and the more elaborate tactics used.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> The following day, on March 9, ISGS attacked the village of Insinane (also known as Inchinane). In the past, Insinane had often been spared of jihadist attacks, and because of this, was a regional economic hub with many businesses and strong Tuareg militant security.<a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a> In the Insinane attack, the village was looted and burned, and dozens of Daoussahak civilians were killed.<a href="#cite_note-:6-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> Following the attacks at Tamalat and Insalane, ISGS retreated back across the Nigerien border. After the attacks, witnesses stated between forty and 100 civilians were killed in the massacres.<a href="#cite_note-:8-15">[15]</a> Both MSA and GATIA sent reinforcements to the Menaka area.<a href="#cite_note-:8-15">[15]</a> On March 12, the MSA also claimed to have recaptured Tamalat after one hour of fighting, despite having stated they already recaptured it on March 8. That same day, the Islamic State newspaper <a href="/w/index.php?title=An-Naba_(newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An-Naba (newspaper) (page does not exist)">An-Naba</a> claimed to have captured Tamalat, Insalane, and Anderamboukane.<a href="#cite_note-:9-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Raid_on_Andéramboukane">First Raid on Andéramboukane</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First Raid on Andéramboukane">edit</a>]</div> On March 12, ISGS fighters entered <a href="/wiki/And%C3%A9ramboukane" title="Andéramboukane">Andéramboukane</a>, cutting off the telephone network and then clashing with MSA and GATIA.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-18">[18]</a> The group killed several civilians, ransacked the market, and then left with stolen cattle.<a href="#cite_note-:10-18">[18]</a> They then attacked the village of Etinbaw, but were repelled by MSA and GATIA.<a href="#cite_note-:10-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Strategic_Framework_for_Peace,_Security,_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development">CSP</a> reported that around fifteen Tuareg militants were killed, along with several dozen civilians killed and an unknown number of ISGS fighters.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> The MSA later reported around a dozen ISGS fighters were killed.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a> The next day, Malian Army helicopters launched raids on ISGS positions in coordination with the MSA.<a href="#cite_note-:3-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> reported that while the Malian Army did launch airstrikes near Andéramboukane, it was only after fighting had already ended.<a href="#cite_note-:11-20">[20]</a> On March 14, ISGS gave an ultimatum to civilians in Andéramboukane, ordering them to vacate the city in 72 hours or be massacred. The mayor of Andéramboukane refuted this, claiming that a lone ISGS militant came to the residents and reassured them there won't be any attacks. Despite this, several families fled.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> On March 16, ISGS sent a letter to Tuareg factions, stating "If you hold us responsible for individual actions (the assassination of Ag Badjat), we too will remind you of the individuals from your area who have been arrested." ISGS also referred to agreements in 2019 that put an end to clashes between Tuareg groups and ISGS.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_Operation_Barkhane">Role of Operation Barkhane</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role of Operation Barkhane">edit</a>]</div> The French forces in Operation Barkhane at the time of the first Menaka offensive were forbidden to help out the Tuareg self-defense groups by the Malian junta, as the French operations would take place on Malian territory.<a href="#cite_note-:11-20">[20]</a> Despite this, French and Czech forces in Task Force Takuba stationed in Menaka claimed to have disrupted jihadist supply networks in Tin-Fadimata and In-Kadewn.<a href="#cite_note-:7-14">[14]</a> On March 24, a French <a href="/wiki/MQ-9" class="mw-redirect" title="MQ-9">MQ-9</a> drone struck jihadists in Menaka Cercle, with French authorities announcing around 15 were killed.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> A Malian helicopter also opened fire on British troops on March 22, but nobody was injured.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ansongo_offensive">Ansongo offensive</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ansongo offensive">edit</a>]</div> On March 21, ISGS stormed the Malian military camp at <a href="/wiki/Tessit" title="Tessit">Tessit</a>, killing 16 Malian soldiers and wounding 18 others, along with 37 jihadists killed. However, this death toll includes the death toll of an ambush by the Malian army against ISGS in <a href="/wiki/Boni,_Mali" title="Boni, Mali">Boni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The Islamic State claimed to have killed and wounded dozens in Malian soldiers in the Tessit attack, along with burning the camp down.<a href="#cite_note-:5-11">[11]</a> The Malian garrison in <a href="/wiki/Ansongo" title="Ansongo">Ansongo</a> came under attack on March 26, with two jihadists and one Malian soldier killed. In response, the Malian government executed 15 Daoussahak civilians that had fled fighting in <a href="/wiki/Talataye" title="Talataye">Talataye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:12-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Three or four other people, arrested prior to the Ansongo and Tessit attacks, were executed as well.<a href="#cite_note-:12-26">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coordination_of_Azawad_Movements" title="Coordination of Azawad Movements">Coordination of Azawad Movements</a> denounced the Ansongo massacre, and gave a list of names of the 17 victims.<a href="#cite_note-:9-16">[16]</a> The Islamic State attacked the village of <a href="/wiki/Labb%C3%A9zanga" title="Labbézanga">Labbézanga</a> on March 27, with a CMA spokesman stating that the battle lasted between 11am and 4pm, resulting in dozens of deaths on both sides and ISGS's capture of the village.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> ISGS posted photos of the clashes the following day, with the bodies of 33 MSA fighters visible.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In late March, the Malian Army began joint patrols with <a href="/wiki/MINUSMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSMA">MINUSMA</a> in the Ansongo and Menaka region.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> On April 3, ISGS claimed responsibility for several attacks carried out against the MSA on March 26. The group claimed to have killed 30 Tuareg fighters, and published photos of eleven corpses.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The next day, ISGS claimed to have captured the village of Tikriba on March 27, following a battle with the MSA that killed and injured dozens of MSA fighters.<a href="#cite_note-twitter.com-33">[33]</a> The group claimed that they launched another attack on Insinane on March 28, killing around 100 MSA fighters in the past two days.<a href="#cite_note-twitter.com-33">[33]</a> In June, ISGS claimed responsibility for an attack on April 12 in Petel-Kole.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> On April 22, Moussa Ag Acharatoumane denounced the Malian junta for their lack of reaction towards the Menaka offensives.<a href="#cite_note-:28-35">[35]</a> The Malian junta had been silent on the campaign since it began.<a href="#cite_note-:28-35">[35]</a> In late April and early May, the fighting in southeastern Mali had largely died down. By May, the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara controlled several localities - Andéramboukane, Infoukaretane, Tadjalalt, Insinane, and Tamalat.<a href="#cite_note-:14-36">[36]</a> Andéramboukane, which had a population of 20,000 people prior to the offensives, was mostly deserted, along with the other villages.<a href="#cite_note-:15-37">[37]</a> ISGS went back on the offensive in late May, attacking the towns of Aghazrahgen Igadou on May 20, and the villages of Emis-Emis and Inekar on May 22.<a href="#cite_note-:14-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-37">[37]</a> However, ISGS suffered heavy losses, and retreated back to Inarabane.<a href="#cite_note-:16-38">[38]</a> Despite being repulsed, ISGS still controlled much of the Malian-Nigerien border in Menaka Cercle.<a href="#cite_note-:16-38">[38]</a> Later, the group claimed near-total control of the Malian-Nigerien border as a result of the attacks at the time, including full control of the only road linking Mali and Niger.<a href="#cite_note-:17-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_of_Andéramboukane_and_arrival_of_Wagner_Group">Battle of Andéramboukane and arrival of Wagner Group</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Battle of Andéramboukane and arrival of Wagner Group">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_(2022)" title="Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)">Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)</a></div> In early June, the MSA and GATIA, backed by the Malian Army and commanded by GATIA leader <a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_Ag_Gamou" title="El Hadj Ag Gamou">El Hadj Ag Gamou</a>, launched an attack on <a href="/wiki/And%C3%A9ramboukane" title="Andéramboukane">Andéramboukane</a>. Having been warned about the attack beforehand, the Islamic State retreated from the city and allowed GATIA and the MSA to capture it without a fight.<a href="#cite_note-:15-37">[37]</a> The next day, the Islamic State launched an attack against the city, capturing the town after heavy fighting with the Tuareg militias. <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Ag_Acharatoumane" title="Moussa Ag Acharatoumane">Moussa Ag Acharatoumane</a> and Ag Gamou both retreated.<a href="#cite_note-:15-37">[37]</a> Between June 11 and 12, French forces captured Oumeya Ould Albakaye, a senior ISGS commander, near Tessit. French authorities claimed Albakaye was the head of ISGS in the <a href="/wiki/Gourma_Province" title="Gourma Province">Gourma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oudalan_Province" title="Oudalan Province">Oudalan</a> provinces on the Malian-Burkinabe border.<a href="#cite_note-:18-40">[40]</a> Albakaye was discovered after fighting between <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin</a> and ISGS revealed his location.<a href="#cite_note-:18-40">[40]</a> On June 13, French and Czech troops departed the base at Menaka, and handed it over to Malian troops.<a href="#cite_note-:19-41">[41]</a> Around 20-50 Russian soldiers of the paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a> also settled at the base in Menaka. An MSA commander, on condition of anonymity, told <a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">RFI</a> that MSA had had no prior contact with Wagner Group about their arrival, but were willing to work with them anyways.<a href="#cite_note-:19-41">[41]</a> A Wagner drone was shot down on July 15 by the Islamic State.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> On June 16, fighting broke out in Emis-Emis, according to the Islamic State. The group also claimed to have killed 145 Tuareg fighters and captured several vehicles and heavy weapons, posting photos to back up their claims. In the Battle of Andéramboukane alone, ISGS claimed to have killed 50 Tuareg fighters, posting 46 corpses as proof.<a href="#cite_note-:17-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offensive_on_Ménaka_and_massacres_of_Tuaregs">Offensive on Ménaka and massacres of Tuaregs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Offensive on Ménaka and massacres of Tuaregs">edit</a>]</div> By July, kidnappings, extortions, and extrajudicial killings and massacres became more and more commonplace across the Menaka Cercle.<a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-43">[43]</a> Eight people were killed in an early July attack in Tabarat by ISGS, and in Tinabaw the group executed a man and told civilians in the town to flee or be killed.<a href="#cite_note-aa.com.tr-43">[43]</a> On July 27, two attacks by the Islamic State killed a total of seventeen Daoussahak civilians.<a href="#cite_note-Benshimon-44">[44]</a> The first one, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tifolat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tifolat (page does not exist)">Tifolat</a>, killed twelve, and the second one, in Inekar Tadriante, killed five.<a href="#cite_note-Benshimon-44">[44]</a> An August 3 ambush by ISGS on a Malian military convoy killed 16 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Despite the ambush, the Malian government continued to stand by, with analysts suggesting Malian authorities were willing to let the Tuareg self-defense groups, JNIM, and ISGS all fight.<a href="#cite_note-:28-35">[35]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Tessit_attack" title="2022 Tessit attack">2022 Tessit attack</a></div> On August 7, ISGS launched an attack on the Malian military camp at Tessit, causing scores of killed Malian soldiers. ISGS also increased their area of control around the city of Menaka, gaining ground very close to the city.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Between August 7 and 8, the Islamic State attacked Daoussahak civilians northeast of Menaka, killing over a dozen people.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> These attacks continued on August 12, when ISGS massacred twenty people at the village of Esseylel, and stole their cattle.<a href="#cite_note-:20-48">[48]</a> Increased cattle raids, including some in the weeks prior near the city of Menaka, helped finance their operations through August and September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-48">[48]</a> The Malian government launched a counterattack in the Tessit area on August 29, killing 44 jihadists.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_(2022)" title="Battle of Talataye (2022)">Battle of Talataye (2022)</a></div> On September 6, ISGS launched an attack on the town of <a href="/wiki/Talataye" title="Talataye">Talataye</a>, which was jointly controlled by the MSA and JNIM. Dozens of civilians were killed in the attack, and the Islamic State gained control of the town.<a href="#cite_note-:21-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jama'at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_counterattacks">Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin counterattacks</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin counterattacks">edit</a>]</div> Following the defeat at Talataye and massacres of Tuaregs, the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara had full control over <a href="/wiki/Ansongo_Cercle" title="Ansongo Cercle">Ansongo Cercle</a> and much of the tri-point area between Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso.<a href="#cite_note-:22-52">[52]</a> The group also began "governance functions", including distributing medicine to locals and destroying alleged supplies of drugs.<a href="#cite_note-:22-52">[52]</a> In response, Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin began expanding its influence across Menaka cercle, in an attempt to defeat the Islamic State via a "hearts and minds" campaign.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In late October, JNIM launched a counteroffensive against the Islamic State, with fighting breaking out in Anderamboukane, Insinane, and Tamalat. By the end of October, JNIM had captured Tamalat.<a href="#cite_note-rfi.fr-54">[54]</a> Many civilians fled from the areas, and local armed groups supported JNIM.<a href="#cite_note-rfi.fr-54">[54]</a> On October 31, ISGS claimed to have killed 40 JNIM militants in the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-:23-55">[55]</a> JNIM responded by posting images of seventy killed Islamic State fighters, while admitting they lost 30 men.<a href="#cite_note-:23-55">[55]</a> Fighting later broke out in the village of Anchwadj, <a href="/wiki/Gao_Region" title="Gao Region">Gao Region</a>, between <a href="/wiki/GATIA" class="mw-redirect" title="GATIA">GATIA</a> and the Islamic State.<a href="#cite_note-:23-55">[55]</a> GATIA claimed fifteen ISGS fighters were killed in the battle, along with nine Tuareg fighters and four civilians executed.<a href="#cite_note-:23-55">[55]</a> The Islamic State claimed to have killed 14 GATIA fighters, and had none killed on their side.<a href="#cite_note-:23-55">[55]</a> Later, the Islamic State claimed that JNIM killed 20 Fulani civilians in a massacre near Tamalat. JNIM denied the accusations.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> On November 12, the two groups clashed in Ndaki, Mali, killing 85 JNIM fighters.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Clashes escalated until December 7, when they <a href="/wiki/December_2022_Islamic_State-Jama%27at_Nasr_al-Islam_wal_Muslimin_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="December 2022 Islamic State-Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin clashes">erupted again</a> in the villages of Tadjalalt and Haroum. In the battles, hundreds of fighters on both sides were killed.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-58">[58]</a> Despite this, an extremely large number of Islamic State in the Greater Sahara fighters pledged allegiance to the new caliph, <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi" title="Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi">Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi</a>, in December 2022. Analysts stated that this was the first time such a large gathering of militants had been openly filmed in the tri-point area.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-58">[58]</a> The leader of JNIM, <a href="/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghaly" title="Iyad Ag Ghaly">Iyad Ag Ghaly</a>, later appeared in Menaka region on a recruitment campaign against ISGS.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-59">[59]</a> Ghaly met with several Daoussahak town leaders, some of whom were part of the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Salvation_of_Azawad" title="Movement for the Salvation of Azawad">Movement for the Salvation of Azawad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-59">[59]</a> In response, an anonymous MSA official stated no Tuareg leaders had defected to JNIM, and that there was no alliance between the two groups asides from when there is a common enemy, such as the battle of Talataye.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-59">[59]</a> The lack of attention on the region, and silence from the Malian government, was also a reason young, unemployed Menaka civilians were pressured to join JNIM.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-59">[59]</a> Ghaly also convened a meeting in Djouenhane between the <a href="/wiki/Coordination_of_Azawad_Movements" title="Coordination of Azawad Movements">CMA</a>, GATIA, and Malian transitional council members regarding the creation of a non-aggression pact between the groups and JNIM.<a href="#cite_note-:24-60">[60]</a> Several parties signed the pact, pledging to not attack JNIM and focus on ISGS.<a href="#cite_note-:24-60">[60]</a> On March 1, clashes broke out in Tifandimata between JNIM and ISGS, both sides claiming to have killed dozens of the others.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consolidation_of_the_region_by_the_Islamic_State">Consolidation of the region by the Islamic State</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Consolidation of the region by the Islamic State">edit</a>]</div> In March 2023, following an attack at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intagamey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intagamey (page does not exist)">Intagamey</a> by ISGS, the Nigerien army joined the fight against the Islamic State in the Greater Sahara. Clashes broke out in Tilloa on March 17, and later the Nigerien army captured the ISGS base of Hamakat.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-62">[62]</a> On April 10, 2023, ISGS captured the town of <a href="/wiki/Tiderm%C3%A8ne" title="Tidermène">Tidermene</a> without a fight from JNIM.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-62">[62]</a> After the fall of Tidermene, almost every cercle in Menaka region came under ISGS control, asides from the city of Menaka.<a href="#cite_note-:25-63">[63]</a> Locals in the area claim that ISGS fighters distribute <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">qurans</a> out to the population, and insist that civilians go about daily life.<a href="#cite_note-information.tv5monde.com-64">[64]</a> Around 30,000 refugees from the region fled to other areas, like <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-information.tv5monde.com-64">[64]</a> In Menaka, the city is under a complete siege, with all roads in and out under Islamic State control.<a href="#cite_note-:25-63">[63]</a> By May 2023, all of Menaka region, besides the city, was under ISGS control.<a href="#cite_note-:25-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Impact">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamalat_and_Insinane_attacks">Tamalat and Insinane attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tamalat and Insinane attacks">edit</a>]</div> A Malian military official, in early March 2022, stated that the fighting in Tamalat and Insinane left "many" dead.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> An anonymous official in Menaka region corroborated this, stating over a hundred civilians and combatants were killed in the three days of fighting.<a href="#cite_note-:1-4">[4]</a> MSA leader <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Ag_Acharatoumane" title="Moussa Ag Acharatoumane">Moussa Ag Acharatoumane</a> stated twenty MSA fighters and 40 civilians were killed in the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a> In mid-March, the mayor of Tamalat announced that a toll of 153 dead and 63 injured, including 25 women and 7 children.<a href="#cite_note-:5-11">[11]</a> The Islamic State claimed the deaths of 250 Tuareg fighters between March 9 and 11.<a href="#cite_note-:9-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> stated at least 400 Tuaregs were killed.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> In late March, ISGS shared photos of around 30 Plateforme fighters killed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Talataye_massacre">Talataye massacre</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Talataye massacre">edit</a>]</div> In late March, the <a href="/wiki/Coordination_of_Azawad_Movements" title="Coordination of Azawad Movements">Coordination of Azawad Movements</a> stated 500 civilians had been killed by ISGS since the beginning of the Menaka offensives.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Reuters, citing an anonymous military source, corroborated the CMA.<a href="#cite_note-:26-66">[66]</a> Another government official in Gao region stated that 200 civilians were killed in Talataye alone between March 21 and 25.<a href="#cite_note-:26-66">[66]</a> A United Nations report stated that between March and June, at least 264 civilians had been killed by ISGS.<a href="#cite_note-:27-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In July, Acharatoumane estimated up to 1,000 civilians had been killed in massacres.<a href="#cite_note-:28-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/ACLED" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLED">ACLED</a> assessments showed similar numbers in September.<a href="#cite_note-:28-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugees">Refugees</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Refugees">edit</a>]</div> On March 14, 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Unhcr" class="mw-redirect" title="Unhcr">UNHCR</a> in Mali estimated at least 1,500 people fled the fighting in Menaka.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/MINUSMA" class="mw-redirect" title="MINUSMA">MINUSMA</a> later reported on March 31 that there were significant population displacements in the tri-point area.<a href="#cite_note-:21-51">[51]</a> By the end of May 2022, the UN reported 15,000 <a href="/wiki/IDPs" class="mw-redirect" title="IDPs">IDPs</a> in Mali and 8,000 in Niger. That number climbed to 50,000 IDPs in Menaka city alone by August.<a href="#cite_note-:27-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-:20-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9naka_offensive&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-lemonde.fr-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lemonde.fr_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lemonde.fr_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2022/09/21/au-mali-l-etat-islamique-au-grand-sahara-en-position-de-suprematie-dans-le-nord-est_6142609_3212.html">"Au Mali, l'Etat islamique dans le Grand Sahara « en position de suprématie » dans le Nord-Est"</a>. 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Retrieved 2023-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=Mali%3A+la+d%C3%A9tresse+des+habitants+de+la+r%C3%A9gion+de+M%C3%A9naka&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Ffr%2Fafrique%2F20220531-mali-la-d%25C3%25A9tresse-des-habitants-de-la-r%25C3%25A9gion-de-m%25C3%25A9naka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%A9naka+offensive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1335594/politique/mali-les-raisons-de-loffensive-de-leigs-dans-la-region-de-menaka/">"Mali : les raisons de l'offensive de l'EIGS dans la région de Ménaka – Jeune Afrique"</a>. JeuneAfrique.com (in French). 2022-04-05. Retrieved 2023-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JeuneAfrique.com&rft.atitle=Mali+%3A+les+raisons+de+l%27offensive+de+l%27EIGS+dans+la+r%C3%A9gion+de+M%C3%A9naka+%E2%80%93+Jeune+Afrique&rft.date=2022-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeuneafrique.com%2F1335594%2Fpolitique%2Fmali-les-raisons-de-loffensive-de-leigs-dans-la-region-de-menaka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%A9naka+offensive" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/mali-1500-d%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s-internes-apr%C3%A8s-les-affrontements-meurtriers-dans-la-r%C3%A9gion-de-m%C3%A9naka/2535258">"Mali : 1500 déplacés internes après les affrontements meurtriers dans la région de Ménaka"</a>. www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2023-09-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Mali+%3A+1500+d%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s+internes+apr%C3%A8s+les+affrontements+meurtriers+dans+la+r%C3%A9gion+de+M%C3%A9naka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Ffr%2Fafrique%2Fmali-1500-d%25C3%25A9plac%25C3%25A9s-internes-apr%25C3%25A8s-les-affrontements-meurtriers-dans-la-r%25C3%25A9gion-de-m%25C3%25A9naka%2F2535258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM%C3%A9naka+offensive" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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