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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charSet="utf-8" data-next-head=""/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" data-next-head=""/><title data-next-head="">Political party manipulation of elections | Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential</title><meta name="description" content="Political party manipulation of elections (World problems)" data-next-head=""/><link rel="canonical" href="https://encyclopedia.uia.org/problem/political-party-manipulation-elections" data-next-head=""/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/4172b8472860ef11.css" as="style"/><link rel="preload" href="/_next/static/css/cad925f93fc22a6e.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/4172b8472860ef11.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/cad925f93fc22a6e.css" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" noModule="" src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-42372ed130431b0a.js"></script><script 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focus:outline-none">Political party manipulation of elections</div></li></ol><div class="py-7"><article><h1 class="mb-5 text-4xl font-bold">Political party manipulation of elections</h1><div class="relative"></div><div class="relative"></div><ul class="mt-3 list-disc list-inside leading-relaxed text-lg"><li>Abuse of electoral process by political parties</li><li>Discriminatory redefinition of electoral constituencies</li><li>Gerrymandering</li></ul><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Nature</h2><div class="mt-3 leading-relaxed text-lg"><p>The corrupt use of the electoral process may serve various political ends, such as altering the electoral process so that the ruling party is always ensured of victory or, in a single party system, modifying the process so that the candidates most obedient to the party line are chosen. Alternatively, the ruling party may put off the election date until a favourable time for its own purposes, or arrange its policies in such a way that they are popular at election time. Candidates may be chosen and campaigns conducted in accordance with what the party feels will make it most popular or powerful. Manipulation of elections also includes corrupt practices such as manipulation of the ballot and bribery during electoral campaigns. It may equally include tactics such as referenda which give a distorted picture of public opinion. Gerrymandering includes the rearrangement of voting districts, or changing the number of people in such districts, by the party in power to ensure its victory in subsequent elections.</p></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Incidence</h2><div class="mt-3 leading-relaxed text-lg"><p>Election manipulation occurs most frequently at the lowest electoral levels, but it can also occur at national levels. Non-white citizens of South Africa were gerrymandered into 10 tribal homelands in 1981. Attempts at gerrymandering, according to opponents, were reported in England and Scotland in 1993, and in the USA in 1994.</p></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Broader</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/unethical-practices-politics">Unethical practices in politics</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#16a34a"><title>Excellent</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/manipulation">Manipulation</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/lack-political-integrity">Lack of political integrity</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Narrower</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/unjust-electoral-campaigns">Unjust electoral campaigns</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/unjust-election-timing">Unjust election timing</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/bias-selection-political-candidates">Bias in selection of political candidates</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/electoral-organization-favouring-political-incumbents">Electoral organization favouring political incumbents</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Aggravates</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/unfair-elections">Unfair elections</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/unequal-parliamentary-constituencies">Unequal parliamentary constituencies</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Aggravated by</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/espionage-domestic-politics">Espionage in domestic politics</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/abuse-government-power">Abuse of government power</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Related</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/political-injustice">Political injustice</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/problem/limitations-right-vote">Limitations on right to vote</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Strategy</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/strategy/reducing-inequality-parliamentary-constituencies">Reducing inequality of parliamentary constituencies</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/strategy/preserving-inequality-parliamentary-constituencies">Preserving inequality of parliamentary constituencies</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/strategy/observing-national-elections">Observing national elections</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/strategy/manipulating-elections">Manipulating elections</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/strategy/enabling-fair-elections">Enabling fair elections</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">Value</h2><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/value/discrimination-d">Discrimination [D]</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><div class="flex items-center justify-between w-full hover:bg-gray-100"><a class="text-lg leading-relaxed text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" href="/value/abuse">Abuse</a><div class="text-end inline-block"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#4b5563"><title>Yet to rate</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div></div><h2 class="mt-6 text-2xl font-semibold">SDG</h2><div class="mt-1 flex flex-wrap gap-2"><span class="flex-shrink-0"><a title="Sustainable Development Goal #16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions" target="_blank" href="https://uia.org/s/sdg/en/UN16"><img alt="Sustainable Development Goal #16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions" title="Sustainable Development Goal #16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions" loading="lazy" width="100" height="100" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fsdg%2FSDG-16.png&w=128&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fsdg%2FSDG-16.png&w=256&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fsdg%2FSDG-16.png&w=256&q=75"/></a></span></div><div class="w-full bg-amber-50 border border-slate-500 mt-6 p-1 drop-shadow-xl"><h2 class=" text-2xl font-semibold">Metadata</h2><div class="mt-6 font-bold">Database</div><div class="mt-1 leading-relaxed">World problems</div><div class="mt-6 font-bold">Type</div><div class="mt-1 leading-relaxed">(D) Detailed problems</div><div class="mt-6 font-bold">Subject</div><div class="mt-1 leading-relaxed"><li class="leading-relaxed"><div class="inline">Communication 禄 <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000342" class="inline text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" target="_blank" title="Visit the profile page for this subject"> Influencing</a></div></li><li class="leading-relaxed"><div class="inline">Government 禄 Political parties 禄 <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000664" class="inline text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" target="_blank" title="Visit the profile page for this subject"> Political parties</a></div></li><li class="leading-relaxed"><div class="inline">Government 禄 <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000662" class="inline text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" target="_blank" title="Visit the profile page for this subject"> Politics</a></div></li><li class="leading-relaxed"><div class="inline">Societal problems 禄 <a href="https://uia.org/s/sub/en/1600000473" class="inline text-sky-800 hover:text-red-800" target="_blank" title="Visit the profile page for this subject"> Maltreatment</a></div></li></div><div class="mt-6 font-bold">Content quality</div><div class="mt-1 leading-relaxed flex items-center"><div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="0.8em" height="0.8em" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-bullseye" style="fill:#0284c7"><title>Presentable</title><path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14m0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16"></path><path d="M8 13A5 5 0 1 1 8 3a5 5 0 0 1 0 10m0 1A6 6 0 1 0 8 2a6 6 0 0 0 0 12"></path><path d="M8 11a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0 1a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8"></path><path d="M9.5 8a1.5 1.5 0 1 1-3 0 1.5 1.5 0 0 1 3 0"></path></svg></div>聽<span>Presentable</span></div><div class="mt-6 font-bold">Language</div><div class="mt-1 leading-relaxed">English</div><div class="mt-6 font-bold">Last update</div><div class="mt-1 leading-relaxed">Oct 23, 2022</div></div></article></div></main><footer class="mt-2 mb-1 w-full py-3 px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 mx-auto bg-slate-700 container 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