CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Preferred gender pronoun - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8c74adb3-78ad-40c4-a64e-cec5bfbe085e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Preferred_gender_pronoun","wgTitle":"Preferred gender pronoun","wgCurRevisionId":1257849175,"wgRevisionId":1257849175,"wgArticleId":60663346,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Pages using cite court with unknown parameters","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from November 2024","Use American English from November 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Grammatical gender","Pronouns","Modern English personal pronouns","Transgender rights","Non-binary gender","LGBTQ linguistics"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Preferred_gender_pronoun","wgRelevantArticleId":60663346,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q65067284", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg/1200px-Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1215"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg/800px-Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="810"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg/640px-Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="648"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Preferred gender pronoun - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferred_gender_pronoun"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferred_gender_pronoun"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Preferred_gender_pronoun rootpage-Preferred_gender_pronoun skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Preferred+gender+pronoun" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Preferred+gender+pronoun" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Preferred+gender+pronoun" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Preferred+gender+pronoun" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rationale_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rationale_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Rationale and use </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rationale_and_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rationale and use subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rationale_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cautions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cautions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Cautions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cautions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Terminology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Organizational policies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizational_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues_and_legal_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues_and_legal_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Legal issues and legal recognition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues_and_legal_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Preferred gender pronoun</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" > 9 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronom_de_prefer%C3%A8ncia" title="Pronom de preferència – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pronom de preferència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferata_genra_pronomo" title="Preferata genra pronomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Preferata genra pronomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C" title="ضمیر جنسیت ترجیحی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضمیر جنسیت ترجیحی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99" title="כינוי גוף מגדרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כינוי גוף מגדרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronomes_pessoais_de_g%C3%AAnero" title="Pronomes pessoais de gênero – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pronomes pessoais de gênero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Предпочитаемые гендерные местоимения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Предпочитаемые гендерные местоимения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Префериране заменице – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Префериране заменице" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Особисті гендерні займенники – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Особисті гендерні займенники" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E9%81%B8%E6%80%A7%E5%88%A5%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="首選性別代名詞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="首選性別代名詞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65067284#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_gender_pronoun" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Preferred_gender_pronoun" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_gender_pronoun">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_gender_pronoun">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Preferred_gender_pronoun" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Preferred_gender_pronoun" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&oldid=1257849175" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Preferred_gender_pronoun&id=1257849175&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPreferred_gender_pronoun">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPreferred_gender_pronoun">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65067284" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Third person individual gender pronouns</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four pin-on metal badges with labels "He Him", "She Her", "They Them", and "Ask Me!"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg/220px-Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg/330px-Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg/440px-Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1965" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption>A set of four badges, created by the organizers of the <a href="/wiki/XOXO_(festival)" title="XOXO (festival)">XOXO art and technology festival</a> in Portland, Oregon</figcaption></figure> Preferred gender pronouns (also called personal gender pronouns, often abbreviated as PGP<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a>) are the set of <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronouns</a> (in English, <a href="/wiki/Third-person_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person pronoun">third-person pronouns</a>) that an individual wants others to use to reflect that person's own <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>. In English, when declaring one's chosen pronouns, a person will often state the <a href="/wiki/Subject_pronoun" title="Subject pronoun">subject</a> and <a href="/wiki/Object_pronoun" title="Object pronoun">object pronouns</a> (e.g., "<a href="/wiki/He_(pronoun)" title="He (pronoun)">he/him</a>", "<a href="/wiki/She_(pronoun)" title="She (pronoun)">she/her</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Singular_they" title="Singular they">they/them</a>"), although sometimes, the <a href="/wiki/Possessive_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessive pronoun">possessive pronouns</a> are also stated (e.g., "she/her/hers", "he/him/his", "they/them/theirs"). The pronouns chosen may include <a href="/wiki/Neopronoun" title="Neopronoun">neopronouns</a> such as "ze" and "zir".<a href="#cite_note-sanwadthem-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nih2020-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-draftguidance-4">[4]</a> Preferred personal pronouns were recognized as the <a href="/wiki/Word_of_the_year" title="Word of the year">word of the year</a> 2019 by the <a href="/wiki/American_Dialect_Society" title="American Dialect Society">American Dialect Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rationale_and_use">Rationale and use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rationale and use">edit</a>]</div> In English, when declaring one's pronouns, a person will often state the <a href="/wiki/Subject_pronoun" title="Subject pronoun">subject</a> and <a href="/wiki/Object_pronoun" title="Object pronoun">object pronouns</a>, for example "<a href="/wiki/He_(pronoun)" title="He (pronoun)">he/him</a>", "<a href="/wiki/She_(pronoun)" title="She (pronoun)">she/her</a>", or "<a href="/wiki/Singular_they" title="Singular they">they/them</a>"; sometimes, the <a href="/wiki/Possessive_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessive pronoun">possessive pronouns</a> are also stated ("she/her/hers", "he/him/his", or "they/them/their/theirs"). A person who uses multiple pronouns (either interchangeably or in different contexts) may list both subject pronouns, for example "she/they" or "they/he".<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> PGPs have come into use as a way of promoting <a href="/wiki/Social_equity" title="Social equity">equity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_inclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Social inclusion">inclusion</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>, non-binary and <a href="/wiki/Genderqueer" class="mw-redirect" title="Genderqueer">genderqueer</a> people.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Their use has been identified by social workers,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> educators,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and medical professionals<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> as both a practical and ethical consideration. <a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">Style guides</a> and associations of journalists and health professionals advise use of the pronoun chosen or considered appropriate by the person in question.<a href="#cite_note-Vanderbilt-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fenway_Meeting-17">[17]</a> When dealing with clients or patients, health practitioners are advised to take note of the pronouns used by the individuals themselves,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> which may involve using different pronouns at different times.<a href="#cite_note-Fenway_Glossary-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-ALGBTIC-20">[20]</a> This is also extended to the name chosen by the person concerned.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-APA_Complicated-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a> advocacy groups also advise using the pronouns and names chosen or considered appropriate by the person concerned.<a href="#cite_note-HRC_FAQ-23">[23]</a> They further recommend avoiding gender confusion when referring to the background of transgender people, such as using a title or rank to avoid a gendered pronoun or name.<a href="#cite_note-GLAAD_Guide-24">[24]</a> The practice of sharing personal gender pronouns has been done in the LGBT community for decades. It has become a common practice in social settings and on social media.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Social media websites including <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> and <a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> have added dedicated pronoun fields for their users' profile pages.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In July 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> reported that 26% of Americans knew someone who preferred pronouns such as "they" instead of "he" or "she", a rise from 18% in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Some use <a href="/wiki/Neopronouns" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopronouns">neopronouns</a> such as "xe", "ze", "ve", "tey", and "hir".<a href="#cite_note-sanwadthem-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-nih2020-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-draftguidance-4">[4]</a> Some people use more than one set of pronouns, either interchangeably or depending on the situation, and may indicate their personal pronouns as "he/they" or "they/she".<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cautions">Cautions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cautions">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_women" title="Dean of women">dean of women</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pomona_College" title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a>, Rachel N. Levin, advised against professors asking students to reveal their PGPs during class introductions, since this could upset those whom the PGP use is supposed to support. The two examples Levin gives include one student who has to confront not <a href="/wiki/Passing_(gender)" title="Passing (gender)">passing</a> (in other words, that their <a href="/wiki/Gender_presentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender presentation">gender presentation</a> is not clear to people around them), and another student who does not know which pronouns to request others to use.<a href="#cite_note-levin-33">[33]</a> Christina M. Xiao, a <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> student who favored use of PGPs, opposed PGPs being mandatory, saying that making use of PGPs can force people into an uncomfortable situation where they <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">out</a> themselves or feel "incredibly dysphoric".<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Steven Taylor, Inclusion and Diversity Consultant for Inclusive Employers, an organization focused on improving workplace inclusion, wrote that while adding pronouns is a way for cisgender people to make non-binary and transgender people more recognized, it should not "be mandated" as an organization might have "trans colleagues who do not feel able to share their pronouns yet".<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The draft guidance of NIH Sexual & Gender Minority Research Office and the Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion said that disclosing personal pronouns when beginning a conversation might make others "more comfortable to disclose their own and prevent misgendering in the workplace." However, it warned that intentionally refusing to use the correct pronouns of someone is "equivalent to harassment and a violation of one's civil rights" and that pronoun disclosure should be "an individual choice and not a mandate".<a href="#cite_note-draftguidance-4">[4]</a> Analysts Louis Choporis, Gemma Martin, and <a href="/wiki/Bali_White" title="Bali White">Bali White</a>, argued that using the incorrect pronouns can be "hurtful, angering, and even distracting".<a href="#cite_note-nih2020-3">[3]</a> Additionally, Meredith Boe of Inhersight said that companies should not require pronouns in email signatures because it can "make many gender-expansive people uncomfortable".<a href="#cite_note-boe2021-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminology">Terminology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> There exists some disagreement on whether or not to refer to PGPs as "preferred". Some people omit the word "preferred", calling them "gender pronouns" or simply "pronouns" to emphasize that correct use of pronouns is a <a href="/wiki/Social_responsibility" title="Social responsibility">social obligation</a> rather than an individual preference. There is concern that including "preferred" in the name may cause the perception that using an individual's PGPs is optional.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Levin states that "pronouns aren't 'preferred' but simply correct or incorrect for someone's identity."<a href="#cite_note-levin-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_policies">Organizational policies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organizational policies">edit</a>]</div> Some organizations have introduced policies facilitating the specifying of PGPs, particularly in email signatures.<a href="#cite_note-report2020-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-boe2021-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a>,<a href="#cite_note-quartz-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin Group</a>,<a href="#cite_note-virgin1-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Teachers_Insurance_and_Annuity_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America">TIAA</a>,<a href="#cite_note-quartz-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ibm-44">[44]</a> the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mt2022-45">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mt2022-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-holyrod2022-48">[48]</a> and United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Some companies change policies to encourage sharing of PGPs to be more attractive and inclusive to <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">non-binary</a> staff and customers.<a href="#cite_note-virgin1-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Out_%26_Equal" title="Out & Equal">Out & Equal</a> recommended that employers make providing pronouns something that is voluntary rather than required and said that using the right pronouns makes a difference, especially for those who are <a href="/wiki/Gender_non-confirming" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender non-confirming">gender non-confirming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>.<a href="#cite_note-report2020-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blackboard_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Blackboard Inc.">Blackboard</a>, the online learning tool, outlined the importance of preferred gender pronouns and how to set them within the program.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Public Service Commission (New Zealand)">Te Kawa Mataaho Public Service Commission</a> provided guidance on using PGPs in email signatures<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a>'s Style Manual has a sub-section about "pronoun choice".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In July 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> proposed its 8,000 civil servants should pledge to include their PGPs in their emails, but an internal poll revealed that more than half were unwilling to do so.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-holyrod2022-48">[48]</a> Permanent Secretary to the Scottish Government <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Evans" title="Leslie Evans">Leslie Evans</a> dismissed the poll results as "disappointing", and a trans woman and political campaigner <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Hayton" title="Debbie Hayton">Debbie Hayton</a> warned of possible consequences of the proposal for trans people, while the campaign group <a href="/wiki/For_Women_Scotland" title="For Women Scotland">For Women Scotland</a> opposed the proposal, calling it "frightening" and "undemocratic".<a href="#cite_note-holyrod2022-48">[48]</a> In August 2021, a letter signed by the Leeds <a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Leeds" title="University of Leeds">University of Leeds</a> LGBTQ staff and student groups, to Vice Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Simone_Buitendijk" title="Simone Buitendijk">Simone Buitendijk</a>, called on the University to implement policies to confront <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobia</a> and a hostile environment on campus, including not asking trans people for <a href="/wiki/Gender_Recognition_Act_2004" title="Gender Recognition Act 2004">Gender Recognition Certificates</a>. Toward the end of the letter, the groups suggested an "effective and fit-for-purpose pronouns policy" which included Buitendjik using pronouns in her email signature, and fostering an environment "which encourages the sharing of pronouns" in order to show support for transgender people.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In October 2021, the Leeds <a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a> reported that "some limited progress" had been made in response to their letter, but did not mention PGPs.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In August 2021, Scotland's government recommended that schools allow trans students to use their chosen bathrooms, names, and pronouns.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues_and_legal_recognition">Legal issues and legal recognition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legal issues and legal recognition">edit</a>]</div> In 2018, medical doctor David Mackereth was not hired by the United Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Work_and_Pensions" title="Department for Work and Pensions">Department for Work and Pensions</a> (DWP) because he refused to use PGPs for transgender individuals, saying they went against his Christian faith. An employment panel in 2019 ruled that his views were "incompatible with human dignity" and that the DWP had not violated the <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2019-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-parvic-63">[63]</a> Mackereth opposed the ruling, as did the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Legal_Centre" title="Christian Legal Centre">Christian Legal Centre</a> (a project of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Concern" title="Christian Concern">Christian Concern</a>), while the DWP welcomed the ruling.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2019-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-parvic-63">[63]</a> Andrea Williams, of the Christian Legal Centre, claimed that the decision was "the first time in the history of English law that a judge has ruled that free citizens must engage in <a href="/wiki/Compelled_speech" title="Compelled speech">compelled speech</a>".<a href="#cite_note-bbc2019-62">[62]</a> In response to the decision, <a href="/wiki/Piers_Morgan" title="Piers Morgan">Piers Morgan</a> called Mackereth a "bigot" who was "self-righteous" in his beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In November 2018, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> recommended guidelines emphasizing the "desirability" of using PGPs and gender pronouns that individuals prefer, including by teachers and students in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">non-discrimination policies</a>. The report also noted that only schools in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> were required to respect people's name and PGPs, and stated this appears to be the case in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> and some regions of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In March 2021, federal appeals court judge <a href="/wiki/Amul_Thapar" title="Amul Thapar">Amul Thapar</a> ruled that Nicholas Meriwether could sue <a href="/wiki/Shawnee_State_University" title="Shawnee State University">Shawnee State University</a> for violating "his constitutional rights" after the University disciplined him for failing to use the right pronouns for one of his students, who was transgender, and for violating campus anti-discrimination policies.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Asaf Orr, the director of the Transgender Youth Project for the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Lesbian_Rights" title="National Center for Lesbian Rights">National Center for Lesbian Rights</a>, which represented the student in the case, said that the decision "opens the door to discrimination generally". <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Koppelman" title="Andrew Koppelman">Andrew M. Koppelman</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> Professor of Law, had a similar opinion. John K. Wilson, an editor of the blog of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Professors" title="American Association of University Professors">American Association of University Professors</a>, called the ruling good "for protecting faculty rights" but stated that the religious beliefs of a professor "should not give them special rights to mistreat students" and that professors do not have "full latitude" to determine which students get "respectful pronouns and which will not".<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In May 2021, in a written court statement appealing a decision in the case of <a href="/wiki/Forstater_v_Center_for_Global_Development_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Forstater v Center for Global Development Europe">Forstater v Center for Global Development Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_Forstater" title="Maya Forstater">Maya Forstater</a> wrote: "I reserve the right to use he and him pronouns for male people. No one has the right to compel others to make statements they don't believe."<a href="#cite_note-:0-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a> described Forstater as "<a href="/wiki/Gender-critical" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-critical">gender-critical</a>" and as claiming a "right to misgender trans women".<a href="#cite_note-:0-69">[69]</a> In 2019, the judge in the initial case before the <a href="/wiki/Employment_tribunal" title="Employment tribunal">employment tribunal</a>, James Tayler, had ruled against her. He had stated that her belief that "sex is immutable and not to be conflated with gender identity" was something "not worthy of respect in a democratic society", called her beliefs "absolutist" and argued that there is "enormous pain that can be caused by misgendering."<a href="#cite_note-BBC2021-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Employment_Appeal_Tribunal" title="Employment Appeal Tribunal">Employment Appeal Tribunal</a> judge <a href="/wiki/Akhlaq_Choudhury" title="Akhlaq Choudhury">Akhlaq Choudhury</a> overturned Tayler's judgment, finding that the gender-critical belief that biological sex is real, important and immutable is indeed protected under the <a href="/wiki/Equality_Act_2010" title="Equality Act 2010">Equality Act</a>; still, Choudhury made clear that the ruling did not mean "that those with gender-critical beliefs can 'misgender' trans persons with impunity".<a href="#cite_note-BBC2021-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In October 2021, the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Human_Rights_Tribunal" title="British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal">British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal</a> judge Devyn Cousineau ruled that for those who are non-binary, trans, and not <a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">cisgender</a>, "using the correct pronouns validates and affirms they are a person equally deserving of respect and dignity."<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The December 2021 update of the Equal Treatment Bench Book advised judges that the use of preferred gender pronouns is "common courtesy".<a href="#cite_note-:1-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-report2021-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The guidance states that there might be situations in which a witness might refer to a transgender person with "pronouns matching their gender assigned at birth" and that judges should be alert to "how someone prefers to be addressed".<a href="#cite_note-report2021-77">[77]</a> It also states that those who are victims of sexual violence or domestic violence should be allowed to use pronouns according to gender assigned at birth "because that is in accordance with the victim's experience and perception of the events".<a href="#cite_note-:1-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-report2021-77">[77]</a> As of April 2021, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a> policies on <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> encourage managers and supervisors to refer to people by the pronouns and names they want to use, stating that continued misuse of pronouns and name may "breach the person's privacy...put them at risk of harm" and in certain circumstances "may be considered harassment". It also advised such people to use <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral">gender-neutral</a> language in order to "avoid assumptions about employees' sexual orientation or gender identity" and stated that someone's gender "should not be assumed based on their pronouns".<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a> also suggested that even though misusing the PGPs and name of a transgender employee does not violate <a href="/wiki/Title_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Title VII">Title VII</a>, doing so intentionally and repeatedly "could contribute to an unlawful <a href="/wiki/Hostile_work_environment" title="Hostile work environment">hostile work environment</a>."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> EEOC decisions in Lusardi v. Dep't of the Army (2013), Jameson v. U.S. Postal Serv. (2015), and Jamal v. Saks & Co. (2015) concluded that intentional misuse of PGPs created a hostile work environment.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> The commission also said gender identity harassment may include repeated, and intentional, misuse of PGPs.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In May 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conservatism in the United Kingdom">conservative</a> think tank <a href="/wiki/Policy_Exchange" title="Policy Exchange">Policy Exchange</a> reported that UK police and courts were referring to suspects by preferred pronoun because <a href="/wiki/Gender_self-identification" title="Gender self-identification">gender self-identification</a> had been adopted as policy despite no basis in law.<a href="#cite_note-:2-85">[85]</a> The practice was revealed by <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_2000" title="Freedom of Information Act 2000">Freedom of Information</a> requests made by campaign group Fair Play for Women.<a href="#cite_note-:2-85">[85]</a> The report recommended the ending of "compelled use" of preferred pronouns by police.<a href="#cite_note-:2-85">[85]</a> In October 2024, a Virginia school board settled with Peter Vlaming, a former high school French teacher who was fired for refusing to use a transgender student's preferred pronouns.<a href="#cite_note-:3-86">[86]</a> Vlaming had used the student's preferred name but avoided third-person pronouns, citing religious reasons.<a href="#cite_note-:3-86">[86]</a> The West Point School Board settled the lawsuit after the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Virginia" title="Supreme Court of Virginia">Virginia Supreme Court</a> ruled that Vlaming could pursue claims based on the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Virginia" title="Constitution of Virginia">Virginia Constitution</a>'s rights to free exercise of religion, free speech, and due process.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> Some groups and individuals have been critical of the application of PGPs. <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> Congressman <a href="/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)" title="Greg Murphy (politician)">Greg Murphy</a> opposed the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> allowing PGPs in email signature blocks, calling it "unbelievable", and arguing it detracted from <a href="/wiki/Military_preparedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Military preparedness">military preparedness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In a dissent in <a href="/wiki/Bostock_v._Clayton_County" title="Bostock v. Clayton County">Bostock v. Clayton County</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> said that the majority decision, in which the Court held that <a href="/wiki/Title_VII_of_the_Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" class="mw-redirect" title="Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964">Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> protects employees against discrimination because they are <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> or <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:4-90">[90]</a> may lead some to claim that not using their PGP "violates one of the federal laws prohibiting sex discrimination" and believed that the decision would affect how employers "address their employees" and how school officials and teachers talk to students.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_personal_pronouns" title="English personal pronouns">English personal pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_English" title="Gender neutrality in English">Gender neutrality in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_languages_with_gendered_third-person_pronouns" title="Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns">Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singular_they" title="Singular they">Singular they</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person pronoun">Third-person pronoun</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vgcgroup.co.uk/staff/fairness-inclusion-respect-fir/personal-gender-pronouns/">"Personal gender pronouns"</a>. VGC Group. Retrieved July 14, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VGC+Group&rft.atitle=Personal+gender+pronouns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvgcgroup.co.uk%2Fstaff%2Ffairness-inclusion-respect-fir%2Fpersonal-gender-pronouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanwadthem-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sanwadthem_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sanwadthem_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders2021" class="citation web cs1">Sanders, Wade (March 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.them.us/story/multiple-sets-of-pronouns">"How To Affirm the People in Your Life Who Use Multiple Sets of Pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Them_(website)" title="Them (website)">.them</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211229073536/https://www.them.us/story/multiple-sets-of-pronouns">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.them&rft.atitle=How+To+Affirm+the+People+in+Your+Life+Who+Use+Multiple+Sets+of+Pronouns&rft.date=2021-03-05&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Wade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.them.us%2Fstory%2Fmultiple-sets-of-pronouns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nih2020-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nih2020_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nih2020_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nih2020_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinChoporisWhite2020" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Gemma; Choporis, Louis; White, Bali (May 28, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/blog/communities/what-are-gender-pronouns-why-do-they-matter">"What are Gender Pronouns? Why Do They Matter?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202025311/https://www.edi.nih.gov/blog/communities/what-are-gender-pronouns-why-do-they-matter">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.atitle=What+are+Gender+Pronouns%3F+Why+Do+They+Matter%3F&rft.date=2020-05-28&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft.au=Choporis%2C+Louis&rft.au=White%2C+Bali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.edi.nih.gov%2Fblog%2Fcommunities%2Fwhat-are-gender-pronouns-why-do-they-matter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-draftguidance-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-draftguidance_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-draftguidance_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-draftguidance_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NIH-Draft-Guidance-on-Pronouns-Usage-PUBLIC-Final-v3-508.pdf">"The Importance of Gender Pronouns & Their Use in Workplace Communications"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>. December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221042838/https://dpcpsi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/NIH-Draft-Guidance-on-Pronouns-Usage-PUBLIC-Final-v3-508.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.atitle=The+Importance+of+Gender+Pronouns+%26+Their+Use+in+Workplace+Communications&rft.date=2021-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdpcpsi.nih.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FNIH-Draft-Guidance-on-Pronouns-Usage-PUBLIC-Final-v3-508.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americandialect.org/2019-word-of-the-year-is-my-pronouns-word-of-the-decade-is-singular-they/">"2019 Word of the Year is "(My) Pronouns," Word of the Decade is Singular "They""</a>. American Dialect Society. January 4, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Dialect+Society&rft.atitle=2019+Word+of+the+Year+is+%22%28My%29+Pronouns%2C%22+Word+of+the+Decade+is+Singular+%22They%22&rft.date=2020-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericandialect.org%2F2019-word-of-the-year-is-my-pronouns-word-of-the-decade-is-singular-they%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Laurel Wamsley, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq">A Guide To Gender Identity Terms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428083846/https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq">Archived</a> April 28, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, June 2, 2021, NPR </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Desmond Meagley and Youth Radio, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teenvogue.com/story/they-them-questions-answered">They/Them Pronouns: All Your Questions About Gender Neutral Pronouns Answered</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319041200/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/they-them-questions-answered">Archived</a> March 19, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, December 15, 2021, Teen Vogue </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonatoneRachlin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Donatone, Brooke; Rachlin, Katherine (July 1, 2013). "An Intake Template for Transgender, Transsexual, Genderqueer, Gender Nonconforming, and Gender Variant College Students Seeking Mental Health Services". Journal of College Student Psychotherapy. 27 (3): 200–211. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F87568225.2013.798221">10.1080/87568225.2013.798221</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/8756-8225">8756-8225</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144656582">144656582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+College+Student+Psychotherapy&rft.atitle=An+Intake+Template+for+Transgender%2C+Transsexual%2C+Genderqueer%2C+Gender+Nonconforming%2C+and+Gender+Variant+College+Students+Seeking+Mental+Health+Services&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=200-211&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144656582%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=8756-8225&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F87568225.2013.798221&rft.aulast=Donatone&rft.aufirst=Brooke&rft.au=Rachlin%2C+Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiggsDue2015" class="citation journal cs1">Riggs, Damien W.; Due, Clemence (July 1, 2015). "Support Experiences and Attitudes of Australian Parents of Gender Variant Children". Journal of Child and Family Studies. 24 (7): 1999–2007. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10826-014-9999-z">10.1007/s10826-014-9999-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2843">1573-2843</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143940351">143940351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Child+and+Family+Studies&rft.atitle=Support+Experiences+and+Attitudes+of+Australian+Parents+of+Gender+Variant+Children&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1999-2007&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143940351%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1573-2843&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10826-014-9999-z&rft.aulast=Riggs&rft.aufirst=Damien+W.&rft.au=Due%2C+Clemence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkman2011" class="citation journal cs1">Markman, Erin R. (October 1, 2011). "Gender Identity Disorder, the Gender Binary, and Transgender Oppression: Implications for Ethical Social Work". Smith College Studies in Social Work. 81 (4): 314–327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00377317.2011.616839">10.1080/00377317.2011.616839</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7317">0037-7317</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144961846">144961846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smith+College+Studies+in+Social+Work&rft.atitle=Gender+Identity+Disorder%2C+the+Gender+Binary%2C+and+Transgender+Oppression%3A+Implications+for+Ethical+Social+Work&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=314-327&rft.date=2011-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144961846%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0037-7317&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00377317.2011.616839&rft.aulast=Markman&rft.aufirst=Erin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNishidaFine2014" class="citation journal cs1">Nishida, Akemi; Fine, Michelle (January 2, 2014). "Creating Classrooms of and for Activism at the Intersections of Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Disability". Multicultural Perspectives. 16 (1): 8–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15210960.2013.867237">10.1080/15210960.2013.867237</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1521-0960">1521-0960</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143572253">143572253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Multicultural+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Creating+Classrooms+of+and+for+Activism+at+the+Intersections+of+Class%2C+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+Gender%2C+and+Disability&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-11&rft.date=2014-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143572253%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1521-0960&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15210960.2013.867237&rft.aulast=Nishida&rft.aufirst=Akemi&rft.au=Fine%2C+Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutschBuchholz2015" class="citation journal cs1">Deutsch, Madeline B.; Buchholz, David (June 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441683">"Electronic Health Records and Transgender Patients—Practical Recommendations for the Collection of Gender Identity Data"</a>. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 30 (6): 843–847. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11606-014-3148-7">10.1007/s11606-014-3148-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1525-1497">1525-1497</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4441683">4441683</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25560316">25560316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+General+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Electronic+Health+Records+and+Transgender+Patients%E2%80%94Practical+Recommendations+for+the+Collection+of+Gender+Identity+Data&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=843-847&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4441683%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1525-1497&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25560316&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11606-014-3148-7&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Madeline+B.&rft.au=Buchholz%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4441683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCahillMakadon2014" class="citation journal cs1">Cahill, Sean; Makadon, Harvey J. (July 2, 2014). "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection Update: U.S. Government Takes Steps to Promote Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Collection Through Meaningful Use Guidelines". LGBT Health. 1 (3): 157–160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Flgbt.2014.0033">10.1089/lgbt.2014.0033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2325-8292">2325-8292</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789707">26789707</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LGBT+Health&rft.atitle=Sexual+Orientation+and+Gender+Identity+Data+Collection+Update%3A+U.S.+Government+Takes+Steps+to+Promote+Sexual+Orientation+and+Gender+Identity+Data+Collection+Through+Meaningful+Use+Guidelines&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=157-160&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft.issn=2325-8292&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26789707&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Flgbt.2014.0033&rft.aulast=Cahill&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Makadon%2C+Harvey+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenthalEhrensaftVance2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenthal, Stephen M.; Ehrensaft, Diane; Vance, Stanley R. (December 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/6/1184">"Psychological and Medical Care of Gender Nonconforming Youth"</a>. Pediatrics. 134 (6): 1184–1192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2014-0772">10.1542/peds.2014-0772</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-4005">0031-4005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25404716">25404716</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5743822">5743822</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322005934/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/6/1184">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved May 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Psychological+and+Medical+Care+of+Gender+Nonconforming+Youth&rft.volume=134&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1184-1192&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.issn=0031-4005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A5743822%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25404716&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2014-0772&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Stephen+M.&rft.au=Ehrensaft%2C+Diane&rft.au=Vance%2C+Stanley+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpediatrics.aappublications.org%2Fcontent%2F134%2F6%2F1184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vanderbilt-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Vanderbilt_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDivision_of_Public_Affairs2011" class="citation web cs1">Division of Public Affairs (September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanderbilt.edu/styleguide.pdf">"Style Guide"</a> (PDF). Vanderbilt University. p. 34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100217012929/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/styleguide.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 17, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>Use the pronoun preferred by the individuals who have acquired the physical characteristics of the opposite sex or present themselves in a way that does not correspond with their sex at birth.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Style+Guide&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University&rft.date=2011-09&rft.au=Division+of+Public+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanderbilt.edu%2Fstyleguide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"transgender". The Associated Press Stylebook 2015. The Associated Press. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09793-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-09793-7"><bdi>978-0-465-09793-7</bdi></a>. <q>Use the pronoun preferred by the individuals who have acquired the physical characteristics of the opposite sex or present themselves in a way that does not correspond with their sex at birth. If that preference is not expressed, use the pronoun consistent with the way the individuals live publicly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=transgender&rft.btitle=The+Associated+Press+Stylebook+2015&rft.pub=The+Associated+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-465-09793-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenway_Meeting-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Fenway_Meeting_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/glbt/tfi-grand-rounds-makadon.ppt">"Meeting the Health Care Needs of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People: The End to LGBT Invisibility"</a> (PowerPoint Presentation). The Fenway Institute. p. 24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020025808/http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/glbt/tfi-grand-rounds-makadon.ppt">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>Use the pronoun that matches the person's gender identity</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meeting+the+Health+Care+Needs+of+Lesbian%2C+Gay%2C+Bisexual%2C+and+Transgender+%28LGBT%29+People%3A+The+End+to+LGBT+Invisibility&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=The+Fenway+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ama-assn.org%2Fresources%2Fdoc%2Fglbt%2Ftfi-grand-rounds-makadon.ppt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizondoWilkinsonDaley2015" class="citation journal cs1">Elizondo, Paul M. III; Wilkinson, Willy; Daley, Christopher (November 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/gender-issues/working-transgender-persons">"Working With Transgender Persons"</a>. Psychiatric Times. Psychiatric Times Vol 29 No 9. 29 (9). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150321011252/http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/gender-issues/working-transgender-persons">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>If you are not sure which pronoun to use, you can ask the patient</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+Times&rft.atitle=Working+With+Transgender+Persons&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft.aulast=Elizondo&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.+III&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+Willy&rft.au=Daley%2C+Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychiatrictimes.com%2Fgender-issues%2Fworking-transgender-persons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenway_Glossary-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Fenway_Glossary_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fenwayhealth.org/documents/the-fenway-institute/handouts/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf">"Glossary of Gender and Transgender Terms"</a> (PDF). Fenway Health. January 2010. pp. 2 and 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117014410/http://www.fenwayhealth.org/documents/the-fenway-institute/handouts/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 17, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2015. <q>listen to your clients – what terms do they use to describe themselves... Pronoun preference typically varies, including alternately using male or female pronouns using the pronoun that matches the gender presentation at that time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+Gender+and+Transgender+Terms&rft.pages=2+and+5&rft.pub=Fenway+Health&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fenwayhealth.org%2Fdocuments%2Fthe-fenway-institute%2Fhandouts%2FHandout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ALGBTIC-20"><a href="#cite_ref-ALGBTIC_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counseling.org/Resources/Competencies/ALGBTIC_Competencies.pdf">"Competencies for Counseling with Transgender Clients"</a> (PDF). Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling. September 18, 2009. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503183246/https://www.counseling.org/Resources/Competencies/ALGBTIC_Competencies.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019. <q>honor the set of pronouns that clients select and use them throughout the counseling process</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Competencies+for+Counseling+with+Transgender+Clients&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Association+for+Lesbian%2C+Gay%2C+Bisexual%2C+and+Transgender+Issues+in+Counseling&rft.date=2009-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.counseling.org%2FResources%2FCompetencies%2FALGBTIC_Competencies.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richmond-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Richmond_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://commonground.richmond.edu/common/pdfs/trans-etiquette.pdf">"Frequently Asked Questions on Trans Identity"</a> (PDF). Common Ground – Trans Etiquette. University of Richmond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022140504/http://commonground.richmond.edu/common/pdfs/trans-etiquette.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>Use the correct name and pronoun- Most names and pronouns are gendered. It's important to be considerate of one's gender identity by using the pronouns of the respective gender pronouns [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] , or gender-‐neutral pronouns, they use</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Common+Ground+%E2%80%93+Trans+Etiquette&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+on+Trans+Identity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommonground.richmond.edu%2Fcommon%2Fpdfs%2Ftrans-etiquette.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-APA_Complicated-22"><a href="#cite_ref-APA_Complicated_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlicksman2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Glicksman, Eve (April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/04/complicated.aspx">"Transgender terminology: It's complicated"</a>. Monitor on Psychology. Vol. 44, no. 4. p. 39. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130925130527/http://www.apa.org/monitor/2013/04/complicated.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>Use whatever name and gender pronoun the person prefers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monitor+on+Psychology&rft.atitle=Transgender+terminology%3A+It%27s+complicated&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2013-04&rft.aulast=Glicksman&rft.aufirst=Eve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fmonitor%2F2013%2F04%2Fcomplicated.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRC_FAQ-23"><a href="#cite_ref-HRC_FAQ_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/transgender-faq">"Transgender FAQ"</a>. Resources. Human Rights Campaign. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908194703/http://www.hrc.org/resources/entry/transgender-faq">Archived</a> from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>should be identified with their preferred pronoun</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resources&rft.atitle=Transgender+FAQ&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrc.org%2Fresources%2Fentry%2Ftransgender-faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GLAAD_Guide-24"><a href="#cite_ref-GLAAD_Guide_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender">"NAMES, PRONOUN USAGE & DESCRIPTIONS"</a> (PDF). GLAAD Media Reference Guide. GLAAD. May 2010. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120530061657/http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2013. <q>It is usually best to report on transgender people's stories from the present day instead of narrating them from some point or multiple points in the past, thus avoiding confusion and potentially disrespectful use of incorrect pronouns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GLAAD+Media+Reference+Guide&rft.atitle=NAMES%2C+PRONOUN+USAGE+%26+DESCRIPTIONS&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glaad.org%2Freference%2Ftransgender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdkins2021" class="citation web cs1">Adkins, Lenore T. (July 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://share.america.gov/why-do-many-americans-list-pronouns-on-social-media/">"Why do many Americans list pronouns on social media profiles?"</a>. s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124100816/https://share.america.gov/why-do-many-americans-list-pronouns-on-social-media/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=s&rft.atitle=Why+do+many+Americans+list+pronouns+on+social+media+profiles%3F&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.aulast=Adkins&rft.aufirst=Lenore+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshare.america.gov%2Fwhy-do-many-americans-list-pronouns-on-social-media%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElks2021" class="citation web cs1">Elks, Sonia (October 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.trust.org/item/20210526161722-vcgso/">"Why social media sites are inviting people to share their pronouns"</a>. news.trust.org. <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Reuters_Foundation" title="Thomson Reuters Foundation">Thomson Reuters Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616090133/https://news.trust.org/item/20210526161722-vcgso">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.trust.org&rft.atitle=Why+social+media+sites+are+inviting+people+to+share+their+pronouns&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft.aulast=Elks&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.trust.org%2Fitem%2F20210526161722-vcgso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermon2019" class="citation web cs1">Hermon, Amy (December 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/us/merriam-webster-they-word-year.html">"'They' Is the Word of the Year, Merriam-Webster Says, Noting Its Singular Rise"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207000755/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/10/us/merriam-webster-they-word-year.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27They%27+Is+the+Word+of+the+Year%2C+Merriam-Webster+Says%2C+Noting+Its+Singular+Rise&rft.date=2019-12-12&rft.aulast=Hermon&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F12%2F10%2Fus%2Fmerriam-webster-they-word-year.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinkinBrown2021" class="citation web cs1">Minkin, Rachel; Brown, Anna (July 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/07/27/rising-shares-of-u-s-adults-know-someone-who-is-transgender-or-goes-by-gender-neutral-pronouns/">"Rising shares of U.S. adults know someone who is transgender or goes by gender-neutral pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216223548/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/07/27/rising-shares-of-u-s-adults-know-someone-who-is-transgender-or-goes-by-gender-neutral-pronouns/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Rising+shares+of+U.S.+adults+know+someone+who+is+transgender+or+goes+by+gender-neutral+pronouns&rft.date=2021-07-27&rft.aulast=Minkin&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Brown%2C+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2021%2F07%2F27%2Frising-shares-of-u-s-adults-know-someone-who-is-transgender-or-goes-by-gender-neutral-pronouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeigerGraf2019" class="citation web cs1">Geiger, A.W.; Graf, Anna (September 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/09/05/gender-neutral-pronouns/">"About one-in-five U.S. adults know someone who goes by a gender-neutral pronoun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108011732/https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/01/17/generation-z-looks-a-lot-like-millennials-on-key-social-and-political-issues/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=About+one-in-five+U.S.+adults+know+someone+who+goes+by+a+gender-neutral+pronoun&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=A.W.&rft.au=Graf%2C+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2019%2F09%2F05%2Fgender-neutral-pronouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkerGrafIgielnik2019" class="citation web cs1">Parker, Kim; Graf, Nikki; Igielnik, Ruth (January 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/01/17/generation-z-looks-a-lot-like-millennials-on-key-social-and-political-issues/">"Generation Z Looks a Lot Like Millennials on Key Social and Political Issues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108011732/https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/01/17/generation-z-looks-a-lot-like-millennials-on-key-social-and-political-issues/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Generation+Z+Looks+a+Lot+Like+Millennials+on+Key+Social+and+Political+Issues&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.au=Graf%2C+Nikki&rft.au=Igielnik%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fsocial-trends%2F2019%2F01%2F17%2Fgeneration-z-looks-a-lot-like-millennials-on-key-social-and-political-issues%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaur2019" class="citation web cs1">Kaur, Harmeet (October 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/16/us/preferred-gender-pronouns-explainer-trnd/index.html">"Why it matters what pronouns you use to refer to people and what to do if you slip up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424202258/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/16/us/preferred-gender-pronouns-explainer-trnd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Why+it+matters+what+pronouns+you+use+to+refer+to+people+and+what+to+do+if+you+slip+up&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft.aulast=Kaur&rft.aufirst=Harmeet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F10%2F16%2Fus%2Fpreferred-gender-pronouns-explainer-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWamsley2021" class="citation news cs1">Wamsley, Laurel (June 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/06/02/996319297/gender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq">"A Guide To Gender Identity Terms"</a>. NPR. Retrieved March 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Guide+To+Gender+Identity+Terms&rft.date=2021-06-02&rft.aulast=Wamsley&rft.aufirst=Laurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F06%2F02%2F996319297%2Fgender-identity-pronouns-expression-guide-lgbtq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-levin-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-levin_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-levin_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2018" class="citation web cs1">Levin, Rachel N. (September 19, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/09/19/why-asking-students-their-preferred-pronoun-not-good-idea-opinion">"Why asking students their preferred pronoun is not a good idea (opinion)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506104007/https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2018/09/19/why-asking-students-their-preferred-pronoun-not-good-idea-opinion">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=Why+asking+students+their+preferred+pronoun+is+not+a+good+idea+%28opinion%29&rft.date=2018-09-19&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Rachel+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fviews%2F2018%2F09%2F19%2Fwhy-asking-students-their-preferred-pronoun-not-good-idea-opinion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiao2020" class="citation web cs1">Xiao, Christina M. (October 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/10/16/xiao-against-mandatory-preferred-gender-pronouns/">"The Case Against Mandatory Preferred Gender Pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Harvard_Crimson" title="The Harvard Crimson">The Harvard Crimson</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214200709/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2020/10/16/xiao-against-mandatory-preferred-gender-pronouns/">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Harvard+Crimson&rft.atitle=The+Case+Against+Mandatory+Preferred+Gender+Pronouns&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft.aulast=Xiao&rft.aufirst=Christina+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecrimson.com%2Farticle%2F2020%2F10%2F16%2Fxiao-against-mandatory-preferred-gender-pronouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inclusiveemployers.co.uk/why-we-use-pronouns-in-signatures/">"Why we use pronouns in our signatures"</a>. Inclusive Employers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005211251/https://www.inclusiveemployers.co.uk/why-we-use-pronouns-in-signatures/">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inclusive+Employers&rft.atitle=Why+we+use+pronouns+in+our+signatures&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inclusiveemployers.co.uk%2Fwhy-we-use-pronouns-in-signatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-boe2021-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-boe2021_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-boe2021_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoe2021" class="citation news cs1">Boe, Meredith (June 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inhersight.com/blog/allyship/pronoun-email-signature">"Allyship 101: What's the Point of Pronouns in Email Signatures?"</a>. InHerSight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722231450/https://www.inhersight.com/blog/allyship/pronoun-email-signature">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InHerSight&rft.atitle=Allyship+101%3A+What%27s+the+Point+of+Pronouns+in+Email+Signatures%3F&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft.aulast=Boe&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inhersight.com%2Fblog%2Fallyship%2Fpronoun-email-signature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transstudent.org/pronouns101">"Gender Pronouns"</a>. Trans Student Educational Resources. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191112224022/http://www.transstudent.org/pronouns101">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gender+Pronouns&rft.pub=Trans+Student+Educational+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.transstudent.org%2Fpronouns101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-report2020-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-report2020_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2020_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelpi2020" class="citation report cs1">Gelpi, Madelyn (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outandequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Pronouns-Guide.pdf">What's Your Pronoun?: Strategies for Inclusion in the Workplace</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Out_%26_Equal" title="Out & Equal">Out & Equal</a>. pp. 1–6, 8–13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622165941/https://outandequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Pronouns-Guide.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=What%27s+Your+Pronoun%3F%3A+Strategies+for+Inclusion+in+the+Workplace&rft.pages=1-6%2C+8-13&rft.pub=Out+%26+Equal&rft.date=2020-05&rft.aulast=Gelpi&rft.aufirst=Madelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutandequal.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F05%2FPronouns-Guide.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlaser2021" class="citation web cs1">Glaser, Kamil (January 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.codetwo.com/blog/using-gender-pronouns-in-email-signatures/">"Using gender pronouns in email signatures"</a>. Code Two. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210228164211/https://www.codetwo.com/blog/using-gender-pronouns-in-email-signatures/">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code+Two&rft.atitle=Using+gender+pronouns+in+email+signatures&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=Kamil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.codetwo.com%2Fblog%2Fusing-gender-pronouns-in-email-signatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman2020" class="citation web cs1">Sherman, Natalie (February 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51331571">"Should your email say if you're he, she or they?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504101411/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51331571">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Should+your+email+say+if+you%27re+he%2C+she+or+they%3F&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-51331571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quartz-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quartz_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-quartz_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLellan2019" class="citation web cs1">MacLellan, Lila (June 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/work/1647596/gender-pronouns-in-the-workplace-are-not-a-passing-trend/">"Those she/her/hers at the end of email messages are more than a passing trend"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220210230837/https://qz.com/work/1647596/gender-pronouns-in-the-workplace-are-not-a-passing-trend/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Those+she%2Fher%2Fhers+at+the+end+of+email+messages+are+more+than+a+passing+trend&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=MacLellan&rft.aufirst=Lila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fwork%2F1647596%2Fgender-pronouns-in-the-workplace-are-not-a-passing-trend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-virgin1-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-virgin1_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-virgin1_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStillman2019" class="citation news cs1">Stillman, Jessica (September 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inc.com/jessica-stillman/virgin-just-added-gender-pronouns-to-email-signatures-should-your-company-do-same.html">"Virgin Just Added Gender Pronouns to Email Signatures. Should Your Company Do the Same?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inc._(magazine)" title="Inc. (magazine)">Inc.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413041709/https://www.inc.com/jessica-stillman/virgin-just-added-gender-pronouns-to-email-signatures-should-your-company-do-same.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inc.com&rft.atitle=Virgin+Just+Added+Gender+Pronouns+to+Email+Signatures.+Should+Your+Company+Do+the+Same%3F&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Stillman&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inc.com%2Fjessica-stillman%2Fvirgin-just-added-gender-pronouns-to-email-signatures-should-your-company-do-same.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc1-43"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc1_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurice2021" class="citation news cs1">Maurice, Emma Powys (November 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/11/08/ms-pronouns-staff-name-badges/">"M&S lets staff proudly add pronouns to name badges to 'show allyship' to trans colleagues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204181125/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/11/08/ms-pronouns-staff-name-badges/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=M%26S+lets+staff+proudly+add+pronouns+to+name+badges+to+%27show+allyship%27+to+trans+colleagues&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Maurice&rft.aufirst=Emma+Powys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2021%2F11%2F08%2Fms-pronouns-staff-name-badges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibm-44"><a href="#cite_ref-ibm_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShropshire2019" class="citation news cs1">Shropshire, Corilyn (July 31, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-gender-at-work-pronouns-20190731-da5f5jckqbfe3pturzv6dc2h7i-story.html">"He, she or they: How companies are starting to address calls for a gender-neutral workplace"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003155815/https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-gender-at-work-pronouns-20190731-da5f5jckqbfe3pturzv6dc2h7i-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=He%2C+she+or+they%3A+How+companies+are+starting+to+address+calls+for+a+gender-neutral+workplace&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft.aulast=Shropshire&rft.aufirst=Corilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fbusiness%2Fct-biz-gender-at-work-pronouns-20190731-da5f5jckqbfe3pturzv6dc2h7i-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mt2022-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mt2022_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mt2022_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSicard2022" class="citation web cs1">Sicard, Sarah (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/military-culture/2022/01/07/where-each-military-branch-stands-on-pronoun-use-in-signature-blocks/">"Where each military branch stands on pronoun use in signature blocks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Military_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Times">Military Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108050505/https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/military-culture/2022/01/07/where-each-military-branch-stands-on-pronoun-use-in-signature-blocks/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=Where+each+military+branch+stands+on+pronoun+use+in+signature+blocks&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Sicard&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Foff-duty%2Fmilitary-culture%2F2022%2F01%2F07%2Fwhere-each-military-branch-stands-on-pronoun-use-in-signature-blocks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2879382/signature-block-pronouns-now-allowed-for-airmen-guardians/">"Signature block pronouns now allowed for Airmen, Guardians"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force#Office_of_the_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs</a>. December 20, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219125542/https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2879382/signature-block-pronouns-now-allowed-for-airmen-guardians/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Signature+block+pronouns+now+allowed+for+Airmen%2C+Guardians&rft.pub=Secretary+of+the+Air+Force+Public+Affairs&rft.date=2021-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F2879382%2Fsignature-block-pronouns-now-allowed-for-airmen-guardians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2020" class="citation news cs1">Moore, Matthew (July 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bbc-advises-all-staff-to-use-trans-friendly-pronouns-56t9mb02r">"BBC advises all staff to use trans‑friendly pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211217022612/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bbc-advises-all-staff-to-use-trans-friendly-pronouns-56t9mb02r">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=BBC+advises+all+staff+to+use+trans%E2%80%91friendly+pronouns&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fbbc-advises-all-staff-to-use-trans-friendly-pronouns-56t9mb02r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-holyrod2022-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-holyrod2022_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holyrod2022_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-holyrod2022_48-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLearmonth2021" class="citation news cs1">Learmonth, Andrew (July 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210816090846/https://www.holyrood.com/news/view,majority-of-scottish-government-civil-servants-say-theyll-never-add-pronouns-to-their-email-signatures">"Majority of Scottish Government civil servants say they'll never add pronouns to their email signatures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Holyrood_(magazine)" title="Holyrood (magazine)">Holyrood</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.holyrood.com/news/view,majority-of-scottish-government-civil-servants-say-theyll-never-add-pronouns-to-their-email-signatures">the original</a> on August 16, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Holyrood&rft.atitle=Majority+of+Scottish+Government+civil+servants+say+they%27ll+never+add+pronouns+to+their+email+signatures&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft.aulast=Learmonth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.holyrood.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2Cmajority-of-scottish-government-civil-servants-say-theyll-never-add-pronouns-to-their-email-signatures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannermanBrown2021" class="citation news cs1">Bannerman, Lucy; Brown, Larisa (November 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/c5b12f26-3e70-11ec-9bef-aa3112940013?shareToken=06dc3eb92e5db94fe466e63470f0b4ab">"MoD tells staff to state name, rank and gender pronoun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106094102/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/c5b12f26-3e70-11ec-9bef-aa3112940013">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=MoD+tells+staff+to+state+name%2C+rank+and+gender+pronoun&rft.date=2021-11-06&rft.aulast=Bannerman&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft.au=Brown%2C+Larisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fc5b12f26-3e70-11ec-9bef-aa3112940013%3FshareToken%3D06dc3eb92e5db94fe466e63470f0b4ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelpi2019" class="citation report cs1">Gelpi, Madelyn (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outandequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OE-Non-Binary-Best-Practices-Final.pdf">What's Your Pronoun?: Strategies for Inclusion in the Workplace</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Out_%26_Equal" title="Out & Equal">Out & Equal</a>. pp. 10–11, 13, 21–22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211110132020/https://outandequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/OE-Non-Binary-Best-Practices-Final.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=What%27s+Your+Pronoun%3F%3A+Strategies+for+Inclusion+in+the+Workplace&rft.pages=10-11%2C+13%2C+21-22&rft.pub=Out+%26+Equal&rft.date=2019-11&rft.aulast=Gelpi&rft.aufirst=Madelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foutandequal.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F11%2FOE-Non-Binary-Best-Practices-Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.blackboard.com/Learn/Administrator/SaaS/User_Management/Customize_User_Information/Personal_Pronouns">"Personal Pronouns"</a>. Blackboard Help. <a href="/wiki/Blackboard_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Blackboard Inc.">Blackboard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221025329/https://help.blackboard.com/Learn/Administrator/SaaS/User_Management/Customize_User_Information/Personal_Pronouns">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blackboard+Help&rft.atitle=Personal+Pronouns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.blackboard.com%2FLearn%2FAdministrator%2FSaaS%2FUser_Management%2FCustomize_User_Information%2FPersonal_Pronouns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicservice.govt.nz/our-work/diversity-and-inclusion/pronoun-use-in-email-signatures/">"Pronoun use in email signatures"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Commission_(New_Zealand)" title="Public Service Commission (New Zealand)">Te Kawa Mataaho Public Service Commission</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Government" title="New Zealand Government">New Zealand Government</a>. June 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220207022342/https://www.publicservice.govt.nz/our-work/diversity-and-inclusion/pronoun-use-in-email-signatures/">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Kawa+Mataaho+Public+Service+Commission&rft.atitle=Pronoun+use+in+email+signatures&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicservice.govt.nz%2Four-work%2Fdiversity-and-inclusion%2Fpronoun-use-in-email-signatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stylemanual.gov.au/accessible-and-inclusive-content/inclusive-language/gender-and-sexual-diversity">"Gender and sexual diversity"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a> Style Manual. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>. September 6, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220221033716/https://www.stylemanual.gov.au/accessible-and-inclusive-content/inclusive-language/gender-and-sexual-diversity">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Government+Style+Manual&rft.atitle=Gender+and+sexual+diversity&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stylemanual.gov.au%2Faccessible-and-inclusive-content%2Finclusive-language%2Fgender-and-sexual-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstitution_and_Cabinet_Directorate2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_and_External_Affairs_Directorates" title="Constitution and External Affairs Directorates">Constitution and Cabinet Directorate</a> (July 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/foi-202100210730/">Intranet poll regarding pronouns in email signatures: FOI release</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927133920/https://www.gov.scot/publications/foi-202100210730/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Intranet+poll+regarding+pronouns+in+email+signatures%3A+FOI+release&rft.pub=Scottish+Government&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.au=Constitution+and+Cabinet+Directorate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fpublications%2Ffoi-202100210730%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson2021" class="citation news cs1">Sanderson, Daniel (July 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/07/26/scottish-civil-servants-asked-include-pronouns-email-sign-offs/">"Civil servants to be asked to include pronouns in email sign-offs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130143556/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2021/07/26/scottish-civil-servants-asked-include-pronouns-email-sign-offs/">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Civil+servants+to+be+asked+to+include+pronouns+in+email+sign-offs&rft.date=2021-07-26&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2F2021%2F07%2F26%2Fscottish-civil-servants-asked-include-pronouns-email-sign-offs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWace2021" class="citation news cs1">Wace, Charlotte (October 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/leeds-university-gender-pronouns-b963439.html">"Students at Leeds University want staff to include gender pronouns at meetings and events"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="The Evening Standard">The Evening Standard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102165253/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/leeds-university-gender-pronouns-b963439.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Standard&rft.atitle=Students+at+Leeds+University+want+staff+to+include+gender+pronouns+at+meetings+and+events&rft.date=2021-10-30&rft.aulast=Wace&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fleeds-university-gender-pronouns-b963439.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Leads_LGBTQ+_Staff_NetworkUniversity_of_Leads_LGBTQ+_Student_Society2021" class="citation web cs1">University of Leads LGBTQ+ Staff Network; University of Leads LGBTQ+ Student Society (August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leedsucu.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/VC_Letter_09-08-2021_redacted.pdf">"[Staff letter to Vice Chancellor Buitendjik – Redacted]"</a> (PDF). UCU University of Leeds Branch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170321/https://www.leedsucu.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/VC_Letter_09-08-2021_redacted.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UCU+University+of+Leeds+Branch&rft.atitle=%5BStaff+letter+to+Vice+Chancellor+Buitendjik+%E2%80%93+Redacted%5D&rft.date=2021-08&rft.au=University+of+Leads+LGBTQ%2B+Staff+Network&rft.au=University+of+Leads+LGBTQ%2B+Student+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leedsucu.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F08%2FVC_Letter_09-08-2021_redacted.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> See page 17 for the mention of the proposed pronouns policy </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leedsucu.org.uk/ucu-backs-lgbt-staff-network-letter-to-vice-chancellor/">"UCU backs LGBT+ staff network letter to vice chancellor"</a> (Press release). University of Leeds: Leeds <a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a>. August 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170236/https://www.leedsucu.org.uk/ucu-backs-lgbt-staff-network-letter-to-vice-chancellor/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCU+backs+LGBT%2B+staff+network+letter+to+vice+chancellor&rft.place=University+of+Leeds&rft.pub=Leeds+University+and+College+Union&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leedsucu.org.uk%2Fucu-backs-lgbt-staff-network-letter-to-vice-chancellor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leedsucu.org.uk/trans-issues-update/">"Trans issues update"</a> (Press release). University of Leeds: Leeds <a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a>. October 8, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221041133/https://www.leedsucu.org.uk/trans-issues-update/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trans+issues+update&rft.place=University+of+Leeds&rft.pub=Leeds+University+and+College+Union&rft.date=2021-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leedsucu.org.uk%2Ftrans-issues-update%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaug2021" class="citation web cs1">Haug, Oliver (August 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.them.us/story/scotland-tells-teachers-respect-gender-identities-of-trans-kids">"Scotland Tells Teachers to Respect the Gender Identities of Trans Kids"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Them_(website)" title="Them (website)">.them</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220211185440/https://www.them.us/story/scotland-tells-teachers-respect-gender-identities-of-trans-kids">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.them&rft.atitle=Scotland+Tells+Teachers+to+Respect+the+Gender+Identities+of+Trans+Kids&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft.aulast=Haug&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.them.us%2Fstory%2Fscotland-tells-teachers-respect-gender-identities-of-trans-kids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabinet_Secretary_for_Education_and_Skills2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_for_Education_and_Skills" title="Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills">Cabinet Secretary for Education and Skills</a> (August 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/publications/supporting-transgender-young-people-schools-guidance-scottish-schools/pages/2/">Supporting transgender young people in schools: guidance for Scottish schools</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80201-185-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-80201-185-2"><bdi>978-1-80201-185-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220130124917/https://www.gov.scot/publications/supporting-transgender-young-people-schools-guidance-scottish-schools/pages/2/">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022. <q>This is a personal process, rather than a medical process, for example the young person may propose to change their name and pronouns.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Supporting+transgender+young+people+in+schools%3A+guidance+for+Scottish+schools&rft.pub=Scottish+Government&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft.isbn=978-1-80201-185-2&rft.au=Cabinet+Secretary+for+Education+and+Skills&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2Fpublications%2Fsupporting-transgender-young-people-schools-guidance-scottish-schools%2Fpages%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2019-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2019_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2019_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2019_62-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-49904997">"David Mackereth: Christian doctor loses trans beliefs case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. October 2, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020232110/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-birmingham-49904997">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=David+Mackereth%3A+Christian+doctor+loses+trans+beliefs+case&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-birmingham-49904997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-parvic-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-parvic_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-parvic_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2022" class="citation web cs1">Parsons, Vic (February 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2022/02/14/david-mackereth-doctor-trans/">"Christian doctor says 'gender critical' Maya Forstater ruling gives him right to misgender"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220215000553/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2022/02/14/david-mackereth-doctor-trans/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=Christian+doctor+says+%27gender+critical%27+Maya+Forstater+ruling+gives+him+right+to+misgender&rft.date=2022-02-14&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Vic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2022%2F02%2F14%2Fdavid-mackereth-doctor-trans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakefield2019" class="citation web cs1">Wakefield, Lake (July 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/07/09/piers-morgan-slams-bigot-doctor-wont-use-patients-correct-pronouns/">"Piers Morgan slams 'bigot' doctor who won't use patients' correct pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222142947/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2019/07/09/piers-morgan-slams-bigot-doctor-wont-use-patients-correct-pronouns/">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=Piers+Morgan+slams+%27bigot%27+doctor+who+won%27t+use+patients%27+correct+pronouns&rft.date=2019-07-09&rft.aulast=Wakefield&rft.aufirst=Lake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2019%2F07%2F09%2Fpiers-morgan-slams-bigot-doctor-wont-use-patients-correct-pronouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_BrinkDunne2021" class="citation report cs1">van den Brink, Marjolein; Dunne, Peter (December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Equal-Treatment-Bench-Book.pdf">Trans and intersex equality rights in Europe – a comparative analysis</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. pp. 11, 89–91. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214002451/https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/trans_and_intersex_equality_rights.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 14, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Trans+and+intersex+equality+rights+in+Europe+%E2%80%93+a+comparative+analysis&rft.pages=11%2C+89-91&rft.pub=European+Commission&rft.date=2021-12&rft.aulast=van+den+Brink&rft.aufirst=Marjolein&rft.au=Dunne%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sentencingcouncil.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FEqual-Treatment-Bench-Book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomaine2021" class="citation web cs1">Romaine, Taylor (March 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/29/us/ohio-professor-transgender-appeals-trnd/index.html">"Federal appeals court rules in favor of Ohio professor who refused to use transgender student's pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216035812/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/29/us/ohio-professor-transgender-appeals-trnd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Federal+appeals+court+rules+in+favor+of+Ohio+professor+who+refused+to+use+transgender+student%27s+pronouns&rft.date=2021-03-29&rft.aulast=Romaine&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F03%2F29%2Fus%2Fohio-professor-transgender-appeals-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanyal2021" class="citation web cs1">Sanyal, Pathikrit (March 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meaww.com/nicholas-meriwether-appeals-court-devout-christian-prof-refused-trans-student-preferred-pronouns">"Who is Nicholas Meriwether? 'Devout Christian' prof who refused to call trans student's pronouns wins in court"</a>. Meaww. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216151525/https://meaww.com/nicholas-meriwether-appeals-court-devout-christian-prof-refused-trans-student-preferred-pronouns">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meaww&rft.atitle=Who+is+Nicholas+Meriwether%3F+%27Devout+Christian%27+prof+who+refused+to+call+trans+student%27s+pronouns+wins+in+court&rft.date=2021-03-29&rft.aulast=Sanyal&rft.aufirst=Pathikrit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeaww.com%2Fnicholas-meriwether-appeals-court-devout-christian-prof-refused-trans-student-preferred-pronouns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2021" class="citation web cs1">Flaherty, Colleen (March 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/03/29/court-sides-professor-who-repeatedly-misgendered-trans-student">"'A Hotly Contested Issue'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210615022253/https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/03/29/court-sides-professor-who-repeatedly-misgendered-trans-student">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=%27A+Hotly+Contested+Issue%27&rft.date=2021-03-29&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F03%2F29%2Fcourt-sides-professor-who-repeatedly-misgendered-trans-student&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParsons2021" class="citation news cs1">Parsons, Vic (April 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/04/27/maya-forstater-appeal-employment-tribunal-trans-transphobia-misgender-pronouns/">"'Gender critical' Maya Forstater should have the right to misgender trans women, lawyer argues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PinkNews" title="PinkNews">PinkNews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304102941/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2021/04/27/maya-forstater-appeal-employment-tribunal-trans-transphobia-misgender-pronouns/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PinkNews&rft.atitle=%27Gender+critical%27+Maya+Forstater+should+have+the+right+to+misgender+trans+women%2C+lawyer+argues&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Parsons&rft.aufirst=Vic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2F2021%2F04%2F27%2Fmaya-forstater-appeal-employment-tribunal-trans-transphobia-misgender-pronouns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHancock2021" class="citation web cs1">Hancock, Sam (April 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/maya-forstater-transgender-twitter-jk-rowling-b1838151.html">"Maya Forstater: Who is woman in employment tribunal over transgender comments?"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210430180233/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/maya-forstater-transgender-twitter-jk-rowling-b1838151.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021. <q>She describes herself as being 'a mother and a feminist' who thinks 'that sexist stereotypes about women and girls, and about men and boys, are damaging for children and adults'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Maya+Forstater%3A+Who+is+woman+in+employment+tribunal+over+transgender+comments%3F&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fmaya-forstater-transgender-twitter-jk-rowling-b1838151.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Helen-Ann (April 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sky.com/story/maya-forstater-woman-who-lost-job-over-transgender-views-warns-of-scary-precedent-if-her-tribunal-appeal-fails-12285218">"Maya Forstater: Woman who lost job over transgender views warns of 'scary' precedent if her tribunal appeal fails"</a>. Sky News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630103055/https://news.sky.com/story/maya-forstater-woman-who-lost-job-over-transgender-views-warns-of-scary-precedent-if-her-tribunal-appeal-fails-12285218">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 26, 2021. <q>Ms Forstater is a tax expert and a feminist and is the protagonist in a bitter legal battle about sex, gender and free speech.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sky+News&rft.atitle=Maya+Forstater%3A+Woman+who+lost+job+over+transgender+views+warns+of+%27scary%27+precedent+if+her+tribunal+appeal+fails&rft.date=2021-04-24&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Helen-Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sky.com%2Fstory%2Fmaya-forstater-woman-who-lost-job-over-transgender-views-warns-of-scary-precedent-if-her-tribunal-appeal-fails-12285218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC2021-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2021_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC2021_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulkner2021" class="citation web cs1">Faulkner, Doug (June 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57426579">"Maya Forstater: Woman wins tribunal appeal over transgender tweets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115003307/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-57426579">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Maya+Forstater%3A+Woman+wins+tribunal+appeal+over+transgender+tweets&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-57426579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50858919">"Maya Forstater: Woman loses tribunal over transgender tweets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. December 19, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123224632/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50858919">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Maya+Forstater%3A+Woman+loses+tribunal+over+transgender+tweets&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-50858919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2021" class="citation web cs1">Siddique, Haroon (June 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/jun/10/gender-critical-views-protected-belief-appeal-tribunal-rules-maya-forstater">"Gender-critical views are a protected belief, appeal tribunal rules"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115062742/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/jun/10/gender-critical-views-protected-belief-appeal-tribunal-rules-maya-forstater">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gender-critical+views+are+a+protected+belief%2C+appeal+tribunal+rules&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flaw%2F2021%2Fjun%2F10%2Fgender-critical-views-protected-belief-appeal-tribunal-rules-maya-forstater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFactora2021" class="citation web cs1">Factora, James (October 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.them.us/story/canadian-court-rules-misgendering-human-rights-violation">"Misgendering Is a Human Rights Violation, Canadian Court Rules"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Them_(website)" title="Them (website)">.them</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220217233240/https://www.them.us/story/canadian-court-rules-misgendering-human-rights-violation">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=.them&rft.atitle=Misgendering+Is+a+Human+Rights+Violation%2C+Canadian+Court+Rules&rft.date=2021-10-04&rft.aulast=Factora&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.them.us%2Fstory%2Fcanadian-court-rules-misgendering-human-rights-violation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2021" class="citation news cs1">Quinn, Ben (December 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/dec/27/transgender-people-judges-advised-to-use-preferred-personal-pronouns">"Transgender people: judges advised to use preferred personal pronouns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125143010/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/dec/27/transgender-people-judges-advised-to-use-preferred-personal-pronouns">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Transgender+people%3A+judges+advised+to+use+preferred+personal+pronouns&rft.date=2021-12-27&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flaw%2F2021%2Fdec%2F27%2Ftransgender-people-judges-advised-to-use-preferred-personal-pronouns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-report2021-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-report2021_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2021_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-report2021_77-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudicial_College2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judicial_College" title="Judicial College">Judicial College</a> (December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Equal-Treatment-Bench-Book.pdf">Equal Treatment Bench Book: February 2021 Edition (December 2021 revision)</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Sentencing_Council" title="Sentencing Council">Sentencing Council</a>. pp. 80, 194, 231, 327–328, 336, 345, 527. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316031839/https://www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Equal-Treatment-Bench-Book.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Equal+Treatment+Bench+Book%3A+February+2021+Edition+%28December+2021+revision%29&rft.pages=80%2C+194%2C+231%2C+327-328%2C+336%2C+345%2C+527&rft.pub=Sentencing+Council&rft.date=2021-12&rft.au=Judicial+College&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sentencingcouncil.org.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FEqual-Treatment-Bench-Book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy2021" class="citation news cs1">Hardy, Jack (December 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125234902/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/12/26/postmen-become-postal-operatives-gender-neutral-language-makeover/">"Postmen are now postal operatives, judges told, under gender-neutral language makeover"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2021/12/26/postmen-become-postal-operatives-gender-neutral-language-makeover/">the original</a> on January 25, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Postmen+are+now+postal+operatives%2C+judges+told%2C+under+gender-neutral+language+makeover&rft.date=2021-12-26&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2021%2F12%2F26%2Fpostmen-become-postal-operatives-gender-neutral-language-makeover%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Assistant_Secretary_for_Administration_&_Management2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor#Line_of_succession" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration & Management</a> (April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/centers-offices/civil-rights-center/internal/policies/gender-identity">DOL Policies on Gender Identity: Rights and Responsibilities</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Labor">U.S. Department of Labor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218015747/https://www.dol.gov/agencies/oasam/centers-offices/civil-rights-center/internal/policies/gender-identity">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=DOL+Policies+on+Gender+Identity%3A+Rights+and+Responsibilities&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Labor&rft.date=2021-04&rft.au=Office+of+the+Assistant+Secretary+for+Administration+%26+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dol.gov%2Fagencies%2Foasam%2Fcenters-offices%2Fcivil-rights-center%2Finternal%2Fpolicies%2Fgender-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeoc.gov/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-sogi-discrimination">"Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI) Discrimination"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220211055858/https://www.eeoc.gov/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-sogi-discrimination">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.atitle=Sexual+Orientation+and+Gender+Identity+%28SOGI%29+Discrimination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Fsexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-sogi-discrimination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission2021" class="citation report cs1">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (June 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/protections-against-employment-discrimination-based-sexual-orientation-or-gender">DOL Policies on Gender Identity: Rights and Responsibilities</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>. NVTA-2021-1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122211805/https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/protections-against-employment-discrimination-based-sexual-orientation-or-gender">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=DOL+Policies+on+Gender+Identity%3A+Rights+and+Responsibilities&rft.pub=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft.au=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Flaws%2Fguidance%2Fprotections-against-employment-discrimination-based-sexual-orientation-or-gender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeoc.gov/federal-sector/federal-sector-eeo-cases-involving-sexual-orientation-or-gender-identity-sogi">"Federal-Sector EEO Cases Involving Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity (SOGI) Discrimination"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202184937/https://www.eeoc.gov/federal-sector/federal-sector-eeo-cases-involving-sexual-orientation-or-gender-identity-sogi">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.atitle=Federal-Sector+EEO+Cases+Involving+Sexual+Orientation+or+Gender+Identity+%28SOGI%29+Discrimination&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Ffederal-sector%2Ffederal-sector-eeo-cases-involving-sexual-orientation-or-gender-identity-sogi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeoc.gov/fact-sheet-recent-eeoc-litigation-regarding-title-vii-lgbt-related-discrimination">"Fact Sheet: Recent EEOC Litigation Regarding Title VII & LGBT-Related Discrimination"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>. July 8, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122211641/https://www.eeoc.gov/fact-sheet-recent-eeoc-litigation-regarding-title-vii-lgbt-related-discrimination">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.atitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+Recent+EEOC+Litigation+Regarding+Title+VII+%26+LGBT-Related+Discrimination&rft.date=2016-07-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Ffact-sheet-recent-eeoc-litigation-regarding-title-vii-lgbt-related-discrimination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission2004" class="citation report cs1">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (September 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/protections-against-employment-discrimination-based-sexual-orientation-or-gender">Sex Discrimination</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/U.S._Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a>. EEOC-NVTA-2004-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104538/https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/sex-discrimination">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sex+Discrimination&rft.pub=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.au=U.S.+Equal+Employment+Opportunity+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Flaws%2Fguidance%2Fprotections-against-employment-discrimination-based-sexual-orientation-or-gender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_85-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHymas2022" class="citation news cs1">Hymas, Charles (May 29, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/05/29/police-calling-transgender-rape-suspects-preferred-pronoun-report/">"Police are calling transgender rape suspects by their 'preferred pronoun', report finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610091255/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/05/29/police-calling-transgender-rape-suspects-preferred-pronoun-report/">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Police+are+calling+transgender+rape+suspects+by+their+%27preferred+pronoun%27%2C+report+finds&rft.date=2022-05-29&rft.aulast=Hymas&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2022%2F05%2F29%2Fpolice-calling-transgender-rape-suspects-preferred-pronoun-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlund2024" class="citation news cs1">Alund, Natalie Neysa (October 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2024/10/03/teacher-fired-pronouns-virginia-lawsuit/75493851007/">"Virginia teacher who was fired over refusing to use student's preferred pronouns awarded $575,000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Retrieved October 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Virginia+teacher+who+was+fired+over+refusing+to+use+student%27s+preferred+pronouns+awarded+%24575%2C000&rft.date=2024-10-03&rft.aulast=Alund&rft.aufirst=Natalie+Neysa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2024%2F10%2F03%2Fteacher-fired-pronouns-virginia-lawsuit%2F75493851007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiessner2023" class="citation news cs1">Wiessner, Daniel (December 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/virginia-top-court-revives-lawsuit-by-teacher-fired-over-pronoun-use-2023-12-14/">"Virginia top court revives lawsuit by teacher fired over pronoun use"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved October 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Virginia+top+court+revives+lawsuit+by+teacher+fired+over+pronoun+use&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft.aulast=Wiessner&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Fgovernment%2Fvirginia-top-court-revives-lawsuit-by-teacher-fired-over-pronoun-use-2023-12-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca4/20-1940/20-1940-2021-08-20.html">"Vlaming v. West Point School Board, No. 20-1940 (4th Cir. 2021)"</a>. Justia Law. Retrieved October 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Justia+Law&rft.atitle=Vlaming+v.+West+Point+School+Board%2C+No.+20-1940+%284th+Cir.+2021%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fappellate-courts%2Fca4%2F20-1940%2F20-1940-2021-08-20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpraygen2022" class="citation web cs1">Spraygen, Molly (January 10, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/01/air-force-military-branch-promotes-pronoun-usage-email-signatures/">"GOP freaks out after Air Force memo says service members can include pronouns in email signatures"</a>. LGBTQ Nation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110201127/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2022/01/air-force-military-branch-promotes-pronoun-usage-email-signatures/">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LGBTQ+Nation&rft.atitle=GOP+freaks+out+after+Air+Force+memo+says+service+members+can+include+pronouns+in+email+signatures&rft.date=2022-01-10&rft.aulast=Spraygen&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2022%2F01%2Fair-force-military-branch-promotes-pronoun-usage-email-signatures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APreferred+gender+pronoun" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-90"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_90-0">^</a> Bostock v. Clayton County, No. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/590/17-1618/">17-1618</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_590" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 590">590</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> ___ (2020). </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite><a href="/wiki/Bostock_v._Clayton_County" title="Bostock v. Clayton County">Bostock v. Clayton County</a></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/17-1618_hfci.pdf">17 U.S. 570</a>, 51-52 (June 15, 2020). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gender_studies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #D5DFCE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gender_studies" title="Template:Gender studies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gender_studies" title="Template talk:Gender studies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gender_studies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gender studies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gender_studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-gender_movement" title="Anti-gender movement">Anti-gender movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gender_symbols_side_by_side.svg/80px-Gender_symbols_side_by_side.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gender_symbols_side_by_side.svg/120px-Gender_symbols_side_by_side.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gender_symbols_side_by_side.svg/160px-Gender_symbols_side_by_side.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">Cisgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a> (or Genderqueer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_variance" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender variance">Gender variance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">Gender binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_expression" title="Gender expression">Gender expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality" title="Gender neutrality">Gender neutrality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gender_identities" title="List of gender identities">List of gender identities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_and_gender" title="Language and gender">Gender in language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binnen-I" title="Binnen-I">Binnen-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_language_reform" title="Feminist language reform">Feminist language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminization_of_language" title="Feminization of language">Feminization of language</a></li> <li>Gender neutrality in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_English" title="Gender neutrality in English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_genderless_languages" title="Gender neutrality in genderless languages">Genderless languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_language" title="Gender-neutral language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_languages_with_gendered_third-person_pronouns" title="Gender neutrality in languages with gendered third-person pronouns">Languages with gendered third-person pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_neutrality_in_languages_with_grammatical_gender" title="Gender neutrality in languages with grammatical gender">Languages with grammatical gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral pronoun">Pronouns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender paradox">Gender paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">Grammatical gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-person_pronoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-person pronoun">Gender-specific and gender-neutral pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genderless_language" title="Genderless language">Genderless language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_marking_in_job_titles" title="Gender marking in job titles">Gender marking in job titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_and_gender" title="Language and gender">Language and gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_linguistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender linguistics">Lavender linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_as_norm" title="Male as norm">Male as norm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Preferred gender pronoun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">Gender inequality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_apartheid" title="Gender apartheid">Gender apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender-related_violence" title="Category:Gender-related violence">Gender-related violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Gender bias on Wikipedia">Gender bias on Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bias_in_medical_diagnosis" title="Gender bias in medical diagnosis">Gender bias in medical diagnosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE;">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE;">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_development" title="Gender and development">Gender and development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Empowerment_Measure" title="Gender Empowerment Measure">Gender Empowerment Measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Development_Index" title="Gender Development Index">Gender Development Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Research_on_Women" title="International Center for Research on Women">International Center for Research on Women (ICRW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE;">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_studies_academics" title="Category:Gender studies academics">Gender studies academics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_NeuroGenderings_Network" title="The NeuroGenderings Network">The NeuroGenderings Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D5DFCE;">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gender_studies_journals" title="Category:Gender studies journals">Gender studies journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_studies_journals" title="List of women's studies journals">Women's studies journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D5DFCE;;width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_and_religion" title="Gender and religion">Gender and religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_Bible_translation" title="Gender in Bible translation">Gender in Bible translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender in Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #D5DFCE;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Feminism" title="Template:Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:Gender_and_sexual_identities" title="Template:Gender and sexual identities">Gender and sexual identities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&oldid=1257849175">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&oldid=1257849175</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grammatical_gender" title="Category:Grammatical gender">Grammatical gender</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pronouns" title="Category:Pronouns">Pronouns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_English_personal_pronouns" title="Category:Modern English personal pronouns">Modern English personal pronouns</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transgender_rights" title="Category:Transgender rights">Transgender rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-binary_gender" title="Category:Non-binary gender">Non-binary gender</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_linguistics" title="Category:LGBTQ linguistics">LGBTQ linguistics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_court_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using cite court with unknown parameters">Pages using cite court with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2024">Use mdy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use American English from November 2024">Use American English from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 23:07 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Preferred_gender_pronoun&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6ftfp","wgBackendResponseTime":132,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.951","walltime":"1.092","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5369,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":226492,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1838,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":343945,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 952.862 1 -total"," 71.26% 679.025 1 Template:Reflist"," 35.40% 337.356 48 Template:Cite_web"," 11.56% 110.191 4 Template:Navbox"," 11.08% 105.542 1 Template:Gender_studies"," 9.90% 94.339 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.14% 77.563 17 Template:Cite_news"," 6.66% 63.488 8 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.71% 44.897 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.65% 44.273 9 Template:Cite_report"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.588","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5794626,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-h8htn","timestamp":"20241122151644","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Preferred gender pronoun","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Preferred_gender_pronoun","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q65067284","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q65067284","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-05-05T00:47:33Z","dateModified":"2024-11-16T23:07:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/12\/Gender_recognition_pins_cropped.jpg","headline":"third-person pronouns that an individual wants to be used when referring to them"}</script> </body> </html>