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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86-_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="مشكان- شابير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشكان- شابير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskham-shapir" title="Maskham-shapir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Maskham-shapir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskham-shapir" title="Maskham-shapir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maskham-shapir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashkan-shapir" title="Mashkan-shapir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mashkan-shapir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashkan-shapir" title="Mashkan-shapir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mashkan-shapir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashkan-shapir" title="Mashkan-shapir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mashkan-shapir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="مشكان شابير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مشكان شابير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Abu_Duwari" title="Tell Abu Duwari – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tell Abu Duwari" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashkan-shapir" title="Mashkan-shapir – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mashkan-shapir" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Машкан-шапир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Машкан-шапир" data-language-autonym="Русский" 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mashkan-shapir&params=32_13_42.7_N_45_18_24.5_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°13′42.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°18′24.5″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.228528°N 45.306806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.228528; 45.306806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Mashkan-shapir</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="display-none" style="display:none;">{{{1}}}</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mashkan-shapir is located in Iraq"><img alt="Mashkan-shapir is located in Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/200px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/300px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Iraq_physical_map.svg/400px-Iraq_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.833%;left:65.779%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mashkan-shapir"><img alt="Mashkan-shapir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within Iraq</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Tell Abu Duwari</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Iraq</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mashkan-shapir&params=32_13_42.7_N_45_18_24.5_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°13′42.7″N</span> <span class="longitude">45°18′24.5″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.228528°N 45.306806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.228528; 45.306806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">settlement</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Excavation dates</th><td class="infobox-data">1987-1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archaeologists</th><td class="infobox-data">Elizabeth Stone, Paul Zimansky</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Ruined</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ownership</th><td class="infobox-data">Public</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public access</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mashkan-shapir</b> (modern <b>Tell Abu Duwari</b>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Qadisyah_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qadisyah Governorate">Al Qadisyah Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>) was an ancient <i><a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a></i> roughly 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a> and around 90 miles (140 km) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>. The city god of Mashkan-shapir was <a href="/wiki/Nergal" title="Nergal">Nergal</a> and a temple named Meslam dedicated to him was built there. It is about 20 kilometers south of ancient <a href="/wiki/Malgium" title="Malgium">Malgium</a>. The remnants of a large watercourse, thought to be an ancient bed of the Tigris or Euphrates, pass close to the city. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkan-shapir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though occupied during the <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a> (based on clay sickle fragments) and <a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a> (based on pottery fragments), the town's first epigraphic appearance was during the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a> period in a in reference to an escaped slave. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Lugal-azida, slave of Lugal-kigala, ran away from the governor; the slave woman of Ur-ni-gin disclosed his hiding place; he is (now) in Mashkan-shapir; he should be brought here!"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>It was known during the <a href="/wiki/Ur_III_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur III period">Ur III period</a> as a location for royal shepherds. A brick of <a href="/wiki/Amar-Sin" title="Amar-Sin">Amar-Sin</a> was also found at the site. Mashkan-shapir achieved prominence during the <a href="/wiki/First_Babylonian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="First Babylonian dynasty">Old Babylonian</a> period. This time of occupation is considered to begin with the construction of the city walls by <a href="/wiki/Sin-Iddinam" title="Sin-Iddinam">Sin-Iddinam</a> of <a href="/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a>, known from an inscribed barrel cylinider found at the site. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"When the great lord, the hero Nergal, in his overflowing heart verily caused his city Mashkan-shapir to rise, (and) with his words that cannot be changed grandly decreed to erect its city wall in a virgin place (and) to expand its dwellings, then Sin-iddinam ... the wall of his city Mashkan-shapir, the pure place may raise its head, ... I made bricks (and built the city wall of them). The name of the great wall is “Nergal destroys the enemy lands for me.” ... At that time I strengthened the foundations of Mashkan-shapir, the sweet place ... (And when) I expanded its dwellings more than my royal predecessors (had done it before me), I excavated the canal in the midst of the city. Its population I provided with sweet water to drink. ..."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The city was abandoned c. 1720 BC during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Samsu-iluna" title="Samsu-iluna">Samsu-iluna</a>, successor to <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Babylonian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="First Babylonian dynasty">First Babylonian dynasty</a> and not re-occupied until late in the first millennium, with a 5 hectare <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> settlement developing on the southern portion of the site. The city's demise was part of a general collapse and abandonment of sites in the region at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After rising to importance under the Larsa city-state, Mashkan-shapir became part of the Babylonian empire after the defeat of Larsa by Hammurabi following a long siege. At the time, Babylon and Larsa were engaged in a struggle for dominance in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Note that the modern name of the site is in some doubt. Other possible names are Ishan Chebir and Tell Naim. The Tell Abu Duwari identification was the first and is used in archaeological publications.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkan-shapir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg/250px-Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg/375px-Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg/500px-Hammurabi%27s_Babylonia_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> at the time of <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1792</span>-1750 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The site of Mashkan-shapir covers about 56 hectares (with 72 hectares within the city walls) being about 4 meters in elevation and it is divided into a four quarters by canals. The occupation is primarily Old Babylonian with the Ur III period occupation only having an area of about 5 hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is especially important from an archaeological standpoint because it is a single level site. Most cities in the Ancient Near East have been built and rebuilt many times over history, obscuring our understanding of individual time periods. </p><p>Tell Abu Duwari was first noted, as site 639, in the Nippur survey of Robert McCormick Adams of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Oriental_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Chicago Oriental Institute">Oriental Institute</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After visiting it in 1986 the site was excavated for a total of five months in three seasons between 1987 and 1990 by an <a href="/wiki/American_Schools_of_Oriental_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="American Schools of Oriental Research">American Schools of Oriental Research</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> team led by Elizabeth Stone and Paul Zimansky. In addition to the temple of Nergal two graveyards were found, one Old Babylonian and one Parthian. Small finds included eleven cylinder seals, stone pendants, typical burial goods, weaponry artifacts including spear points and mace heads, model chariots related to Nergal, and a clay cone of the little known Larsa ruler <a href="/wiki/Zabaia" title="Zabaia">Zabaia</a>. Since these seasons were planned as preparation for a long term excavation very little full excavation occurred, work being mostly surface surveys and soundings (with one small excavation in the southeast sector).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A key find was that of foundation deposits commemorating the city walls being built by Sin-Iddinam in c. 1844 BC, which allowed the city to be identified. As part of the work, satellite images were taken and a complete surface-mapping was made using a kite lofted camera and coordinate markers. From 2003 to 2011 additional satellite images of the site were obtained. Using these it was possible to identify the locations of canals, streets, and the palace. The palace was a large building, at least 50 meters by 50 meters in size.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone2012_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavations at Mashkan-shapir ended with the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> by <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in 1990, interrupting a planned long-term research program. Subsequently, the site has been heavily looted, especially in the central, western, and northern mounds, to the point where any further archaeological work would yield little results. As of 2010 the southern mound, holding the temple of Nergal, was still relatively unlooted but its current status is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone2012_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkan-shapir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_ancient_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of the ancient Near East">Cities of the ancient Near East</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkan-shapir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pohl, Alfred, "Vorsargonische und sargonische Wirtschaftstexte", Texte und Materialen der Frau Professor Hilprecht Collection of Babylonian Antiquities im Eigentum der Universität Jena 5. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1935</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStone2004" class="citation book cs1">Stone, Elizabeth Caecilia (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/747412039"><i>The anatomy of a Mesopotamian city : survey and soundings at Mashkan-shapir</i></a>. Paul E. Zimansky, Piotr Steinkeller, Vincent Pigott, Lisa A. Wells, Tony Wilkinson. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-546-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-546-5"><bdi>978-1-57506-546-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747412039">747412039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+anatomy+of+a+Mesopotamian+city+%3A+survey+and+soundings+at+Mashkan-shapir&rft.place=Winona+Lake%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747412039&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-546-5&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Caecilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F747412039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiette, Baptiste. "‘King’ Kudur-Mabuk: A Study on the Identity of a Mesopotamian Ruler Without a Crown", Die Welt Des Orients, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 275–94, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeimpel2003" class="citation book cs1">Heimpel, Wolfgang (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/747412004"><i>Letters to the king of Mari : a new translation, with historical introduction, notes, and commentary</i></a>. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-544-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-544-1"><bdi>978-1-57506-544-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/747412004">747412004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+to+the+king+of+Mari+%3A+a+new+translation%2C+with+historical+introduction%2C+notes%2C+and+commentary&rft.place=Winona+Lake%2C+Ind.&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F747412004&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-544-1&rft.aulast=Heimpel&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F747412004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2012_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2012_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stone2012_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2012" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, Elizabeth C. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/iraq/article/abs/surface-survey-and-satellite-reconnaissance-reconstructing-the-urban-layout-of-mashkanshapir/532515D7C006C8D99A1DA0794BC242EA">"Surface Survey and Satellite Reconnaissance: Reconstructing the Urban Layout of Mashkan-Shapir"</a>. <i>IRAQ</i>. <b>74</b>: 65–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021088900000267">10.1017/S0021088900000267</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-0889">0021-0889</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:131089630">131089630</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IRAQ&rft.atitle=Surface+Survey+and+Satellite+Reconnaissance%3A+Reconstructing+the+Urban+Layout+of+Mashkan-Shapir&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=65-74&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A131089630%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0021-0889&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021088900000267&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Firaq%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fsurface-survey-and-satellite-reconnaissance-reconstructing-the-urban-layout-of-mashkanshapir%2F532515D7C006C8D99A1DA0794BC242EA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15763308&increment=18">[1]</a>Elizabeth C. Stone, "The 1987 Season at Tell Abu Duwari", Sumer, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 19-27, 1994-95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1981" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Robert McC (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/heartland_of_cities.pdf"><i>Heartland of cities: surveys of ancient settlement and land use on the central floodplain of the Euphrates</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 256–257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-00544-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-00544-5"><bdi>0-226-00544-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6223045">6223045</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heartland+of+cities%3A+surveys+of+ancient+settlement+and+land+use+on+the+central+floodplain+of+the+Euphrates&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=256-257&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6223045&rft.isbn=0-226-00544-5&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Robert+McC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisac.uchicago.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2Fshared%2Fdocs%2Fheartland_of_cities.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/32070950/The_Tell_Abu_Duwari_Project__1987.pdf">[2]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone1990" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, Elizabeth C. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/529817">"The Tell Abu Duwari Project, Iraq, 1987"</a>. <i>Journal of Field Archaeology</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 141–162. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F529817">10.2307/529817</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0093-4690">0093-4690</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/529817">529817</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Field+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Tell+Abu+Duwari+Project%2C+Iraq%2C+1987&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=141-162&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0093-4690&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F529817%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F529817&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F529817&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/8369669/the%20tell%20abu%20duwari%20project.pdf">[3]</a> Elizabeth C. Stone and Paul Zimansky, The Tell Abu Duwari Project, 1988-1990, Journal of Field Archaeology, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 437-455, 1994</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkan-shapir&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.ub.edu/ipoa/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/1991AuOrStone.pdf">[4]</a> Stone, Elizabeth C., "The spatial organization of Mesopotamian cities", Aula Orientalis 9, pp. 235–242, 1991</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoneZimansky2005" class="citation web cs1">Stone, E. C.; Zimansky, P. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-tapestry-of-power-in-a-mesopota-2005-01/">"The tapestry of power in a Mesopotamian city"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+tapestry+of+power+in+a+Mesopotamian+city&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=E.+C.&rft.au=Zimansky%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-tapestry-of-power-in-a-mesopota-2005-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/36155892/Stone___Zimansky_Mashkan-shapir_and_the_Anatomy_of_an_Old_Babylonian_City.pdf">[5]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoneZimansky1992" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, Elizabeth C.; Zimansky, Paul (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210316">"Mashkan-shapir and the Anatomy of an Old Babylonian City"</a>. <i>The Biblical Archaeologist</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 212–218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3210316">10.2307/3210316</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-0895">0006-0895</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3210316">3210316</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165466015">165466015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+Archaeologist&rft.atitle=Mashkan-shapir+and+the+Anatomy+of+an+Old+Babylonian+City&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=212-218&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0006-0895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165466015%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3210316%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3210316&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+C.&rft.au=Zimansky%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F3210316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2002" class="citation journal cs1">Stone, Elizabeth C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200520">"The Ur III-Old Babylonian Transition: An Archaeological Perspective"</a>. <i>Iraq</i>. <b>64</b>: 79–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4200520">10.2307/4200520</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-0889">0021-0889</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200520">4200520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.atitle=The+Ur+III-Old+Babylonian+Transition%3A+An+Archaeological+Perspective&rft.volume=64&rft.pages=79-84&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0021-0889&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200520%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4200520&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMashkan-shapir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashkan-shapir&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/yearnames/HTML/T12K7.htm">Year Named of Samsu-iluna at CDLI</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE1D81639F932A25757C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">New York Times article on the discovery of Mashkan-Shapir</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2574582#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2574582#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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