APEX - Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope

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href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-308" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys 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href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-372" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-375" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-378" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-381" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li 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href="/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-409" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a 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class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/event-horizon/"> First image of a black hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/EHT-MilkyWay/"> First image of the Milky Way central black hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> More about the black hole at the galactic centre </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-434" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span 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<div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class='page-content'> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>APEX</h1> <h2>Reaching new heights in submillimetre astronomy</h2> <p><a href="/public/images/apex_close1/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/apex/images/apex_close1.jpg" alt=""></a></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p>ESO hosts the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment, APEX, and operates it on behalf of the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR) at one of the highest observatory sites on Earth, at an elevation of 5100 metres, high on the Chajnantor plateau in Chile’s Atacama region.</p> <p>APEX is a 12-metre diameter telescope, operating at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths — between infrared light and radio waves. Submillimetre astronomy opens a window into the cold, dusty and distant Universe, but the faint signals from space are heavily absorbed by water vapour in the Earth's atmosphere. Chajnantor is an ideal location for such a telescope, as the region is one of the driest on the planet and is more than 750 m higher than the observatories on Mauna Kea, and 2400 m higher than the <a href="/public/teles-instr/vlt/">Very Large Telescope</a> (VLT) on Cerro Paranal.</p> <div id='apexWebcam'> <a name="APEXwebcam"></a><h2>LIVE webcam</h2> <p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="webcam-wrapper"> <a href="/public/archives/static/almapano/latest/POI/preset_3.jpg"><img src="/public/archives/static/almapano/latest/POI/preset_3.jpg" border="0" style="width: 100%"></a> <div class="webcam-timestamp"><span class="pano-timestamp">Webcam | 23 May 2018 08:42 CEST</span></div> <div class="webcam-live">LIVE</div> </div> <p style="text-align: center;"><small>LIVE image of APEX (<span class="pano-timestamp">23 May 2018 08:42 CEST</span>)</small></p> <p></p> <p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="webcam-wrapper"> <a href="http://www.apex-telescope.org/camera/images/10.0.6.84/image1.jpg"><img src="https://images.weserv.nl/?url=www.apex-telescope.org/camera/images/10.0.6.84/image1.jpg" border="0" style="width: 100%"></a> <div class="webcam-timestamp"><span class="pano-timestamp">Webcam | 23 May 2018 08:42 CEST</span></div> <div class="webcam-live">LIVE</div> <p style="text-align: center;"><small>APEXcam LIVE (<span class="pano-timestamp">Webcam | 23 May 2018 08:42 CEST</span>)</small></p> </div> </div> <h2>A Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau</h2> <table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="/public/products/virtualtours/chajnantor/"><img class="nopadding" src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/apex/images/apex-vt.jpg" alt="Virtual Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau" border="0" style="width: 100%"></a></p> <p style="text-align: center; margin-top: -8px;"><small>Click on the image to take a <a href="/public/products/virtualtours/chajnantor/">Virtual Tour</a> in and nearby Chajnantor.</small></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>APEX is the largest submillimetre-wavelength telescope operating in the southern hemisphere. It has a suite of different instruments for astronomers to use in their observations, a major one being <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/">LABOCA</a>, the Large APEX Bolometer Camera. <a href="http://www3.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/submmtech/bolometer/index.html#laboca">LABOCA</a> uses an array of extremely sensitive thermometers — known as bolometers — to detect submillimetre light. With almost 300 pixels, it is the largest such camera in the world. In order to be able to detect the tiny temperature changes caused by the faint submillimetre radiation, each of these thermometers is cooled to less than 0.3 degrees above absolute zero — a frigid minus 272.85 degrees Celsius. LABOCA's high sensitivity, together with its wide field of view (one third of the diameter of the full Moon), make it an invaluable tool for imaging the submillimetre Universe.</p> <p>APEX was a pathfinder for <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma.html">ALMA</a>, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, a revolutionary new telescope that ESO, together with its international partners, operates on the Chajnantor plateau. APEX is based on a prototype antenna constructed for the ALMA project, and it will find many targets that ALMA will be able to study in great detail.</p> <p>APEX was a collaboration between the MPIfR(55%), the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO, 13%), and ESO (32%). It is now a sole project of the MPIfR, hosted and operated by ESO on behalf of the MPIfR.</p> <h3>Science with the APEX Telescope</h3> <p><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0840a/"><img src="/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso0840a.jpg" alt="" align="left" style="padding: 10px 20px 10px 0px;"></a>Submillimetre astronomy is a relatively unexplored frontier in astronomy and reveals a Universe that cannot be seen in the more familiar visible or infrared light. It is ideal for studying the "cold Universe": light at these wavelengths shines from vast cold clouds in interstellar space, at temperatures only a few tens of degrees above absolute zero. Astronomers use this light to study the chemical and physical conditions in these molecular clouds — the dense regions of gas and cosmic dust where new stars are being born. Seen in visible light, these regions of the Universe are often dark and obscured due to the dust, but they shine brightly in the millimetre and submillimetre part of the spectrum. This wavelength range is also ideal for studying some of the earliest and most distant galaxies in the Universe, whose light has been redshifted into these longer wavelengths.</p> <h3>Science goals</h3> <p>Astrochemistry, cold Universe.</p>  <h3>More about APEX Telescope</h3> <ul> <li>More interesting facts are available on the <a href="/public/about-eso/faq/faq-apex-alma/">FAQs page</a></li> <li>More <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/category/apex/">images</a> and <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/">videos</a> are available in the ESO multimedia archive.</li> <li>Read more on about this observatory on the <a href="/public/products/handouts/handout_0015/">APEX Handout</a> in PDF format</li> <li><strong class="bltxt">For Scientists</strong>: for more detailed information, please see the <a href="http://www.apex-telescope.org/">APEX telescope website</a></li> </ul> <h3>APEX Timelapse</h3> <iframe width="100%" height="350" src="https://earthengine.google.com/iframes/timelapse_player_embed.html#v=-23,-67.75,11.973,latLng&t=0.61" frameborder="0"></iframe> <center><small><a href="https://earthengine.google.com/iframes/timelapse_player_embed.html#v=-23,-67.75,11.973,latLng&t=0.61" target="_blank">View larger timelapse</a></small></center> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <h3>APEX Trailer</h3> <div class="youtube-embed-iframe-wrapper"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8cQJk2JgqxA?rel=0&showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div> <p style="text-align: center;"><small>Download this trailer in other formats from the <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/videos/apextrailer2009/">Video archive</a>.</small></p> <p> </p> <div class="box2"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>APEX</h3> <table class="table" width="100%" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="60"><strong>Name:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Atacama Pathfinder Experiment</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Site:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Chajnantor</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Altitude:</strong></td> <td valign="top">5050 m</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Enclosure:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Open air</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Sub-millimeter antenna</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Optical design:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Cassegrain</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Diameter. Primary M1:</strong></td> <td valign="top">12.0 m</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Material. Primary M1:</strong></td> <td valign="top">CFRP and Aluminium</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Diameter. Secondary M2:</strong></td> <td valign="top">0.75 m Hyperboloidal</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Material. Secondary M2:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Aluminium</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Mount:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Alt-Azimuth mount</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First Light date:</strong></td> <td valign="top">14 July 2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images taken with APEX:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&facility=35">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images of APEX:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=Atacama%20Pathfinder%20Experiment">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Videos of APEX:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/search/?adv=&subject_name=Atacama%20Pathfinder%20Experiment">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with APEX:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/archive/search/?adv=&facility=35">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Data papers:</strong></td> <td valign="top">(Includes ESO and non-ESO papers) <br/><a href="https://telbib.eso.org/index.php?flimiti=off&fq[]=telescope:APEX">Link</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p> </p> <div class="randomtext"> <div id="2d68530d-3803-4934-830d-bd79d7fa0dae0" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br>Stars form in dense clouds of the interstellar medium, but even in these densest regions the pressure is comparable to the most tenuous vacuum created in a laboratory on Earth. In these clouds, the temperatures are below -200 degrees Celsius.</div> <div id="2d68530d-3803-4934-830d-bd79d7fa0dae1" class="box3" style=""><strong>Did you know?</strong><br>The skies over the ESO sites in Chile are so dark that on a clear moonless night it is possible to see your shadow cast by the light of the Milky Way alone.</div> <div id="2d68530d-3803-4934-830d-bd79d7fa0dae2" class="box3" style="display: none;"><strong>Did you know?</strong><br>There is an Earth-mass of alcohol near the centre of our Milky Way. However, most of it is methanol, and it is diluted 1:1000 with water. Telescopes observing at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths, like APEX and soon ALMA, are used to detect many other molecules in space.</div>  <script language="JavaScript"> var tlength = 3; if (tlength > 0) { var rndtext_no = Math.floor(tlength*Math.random()); var id = '2d68530d-3803-4934-830d-bd79d7fa0dae' + rndtext_no; var randomtext = document.getElementById(id); randomtext.style.display = ''; } </script> </div> <p> </p> <div> <h3>APEX on Google Maps</h3> <p><iframe src="https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=-23+00+21,+-67+45+33&sll=-22.948333,-68.211944&sspn=0.044656,0.057249&ie=UTF8&t=h&vpsrc=6&ll=-23.006002,-67.75938&spn=0.013826,0.018239&z=15&output=embed" style="width: 100%" height="350" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"></iframe></p> <center><small><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=en&geocode=&q=-23+00+21,+-67+45+33&sll=-22.948333,-68.211944&sspn=0.044656,0.057249&ie=UTF8&t=h&vpsrc=6&ll=-23.006002,-67.75938&spn=0.013826,0.018239&z=15">View larger map</a></small></center></div> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.cdn77.com">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/public/archives/djp/css/extras.d3e54451ebbb.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/public/archives/djp/js/main.04a7335af5a0.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> const getWebcamStatus = async (cam) => { const url = '/public/outreach/webcamstatus/' + cam + '/'; const response = await fetch(url); return await response.json(); } // Fetch the webcam status getWebcamStatus('all').then((statusAll) => { getWebcamStatus('apex').then((statusApex) => { // console.log(statusApex); const apexDiv = document.querySelector('#apexWebcam'); if (statusAll['published'] && statusApex['published']) { apexDiv.style.display = "block"; } else { apexDiv.style.display = "none"; } }).catch((error) => { console.error(error); }); }).catch((error) => { console.error(error); }); </script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on X/Twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/&text=APEX - Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope&via=ESO" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/&media=&description=APEX - Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-brands fa-pinterest-p" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="mailto:%20?subject=ESO — APEX - Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope&body=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><i class="fa-regular fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type='hidden' name='csrfmiddlewaretoken' value='wdFPnQPMHyjKPzSFkGQW01xdlNxbsyXxataY3l7VsvwtibnaenUxIfQdh1TepxLp' /> </body> </html>

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APEX - Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope | ESO