CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: fading channels</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: fading channels"> <meta name="keywords" content="fading channels"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="fading channels" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="fading channels"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 855</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: fading channels</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">855</span> Performance of Nakagami Fading Channel over Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ranjeeth">M. Ranjeeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Anuradha"> S. Anuradha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectrum sensing is the main feature of cognitive radio technology. Spectrum sensing gives an idea of detecting the presence of the primary users in a licensed spectrum. In this paper we compare the theoretical results of detection probability of different fading environments like Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m fading channels with the simulation results using energy detection based spectrum sensing. The numerical results are plotted as P_f Vs P_d for different SNR values, fading parameters. It is observed that Nakagami fading channel performance is better than other fading channels by using energy detection in spectrum sensing. A MATLAB simulation test bench has been implemented to know the performance of energy detection in different fading channel environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectrum%20sensing" title="spectrum sensing">spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20detection" title=" energy detection"> energy detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels" title=" fading channels"> fading channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20detection" title=" probability of detection"> probability of detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probability%20of%20false%20alarm" title=" probability of false alarm"> probability of false alarm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15800/performance-of-nakagami-fading-channel-over-energy-detection-based-spectrum-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">532</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">854</span> Security Over OFDM Fading Channels with Friendly Jammer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munnujahan%20Ara">Munnujahan Ara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate the effect of friendly jamming power allocation strategies on the achievable average secrecy rate over a bank of parallel fading wiretap channels. We investigate the achievable average secrecy rate in parallel fading wiretap channels subject to Rayleigh and Rician fading. The achievable average secrecy rate, due to the presence of a line-of-sight component in the jammer channel is also evaluated. Moreover, we study the detrimental effect of correlation across the parallel sub-channels, and evaluate the corresponding decrease in the achievable average secrecy rate for the various fading configurations. We also investigate the tradeoff between the transmission power and the jamming power for a fixed total power budget. Our results, which are applicable to current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications systems, shed further light on the achievable average secrecy rates over a bank of parallel fading channels in the presence of friendly jammers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20parallel%20channels" title="fading parallel channels">fading parallel channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire-tap%20channel" title=" wire-tap channel"> wire-tap channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secrecy%20capacity" title=" secrecy capacity"> secrecy capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20allocation" title=" power allocation"> power allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25078/security-over-ofdm-fading-channels-with-friendly-jammer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> Achievable Average Secrecy Rates over Bank of Parallel Independent Fading Channels with Friendly Jamming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munnujahan%20Ara">Munnujahan Ara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate the effect of friendly jamming power allocation strategies on the achievable average secrecy rate over a bank of parallel fading wiretap channels. We investigate the achievable average secrecy rate in parallel fading wiretap channels subject to Rayleigh and Rician fading. The achievable average secrecy rate, due to the presence of a line-of-sight component in the jammer channel is also evaluated. Moreover, we study the detrimental effect of correlation across the parallel sub-channels, and evaluate the corresponding decrease in the achievable average secrecy rate for the various fading configurations. We also investigate the tradeoff between the transmission power and the jamming power for a fixed total power budget. Our results, which are applicable to current orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications systems, shed further light on the achievable average secrecy rates over a bank of parallel fading channels in the presence of friendly jammers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20parallel%20channels" title="fading parallel channels">fading parallel channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire-tap%20channel" title=" wire-tap channel"> wire-tap channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secrecy%20capacity" title=" secrecy capacity"> secrecy capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20allocation" title=" power allocation"> power allocation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25080/achievable-average-secrecy-rates-over-bank-of-parallel-independent-fading-channels-with-friendly-jamming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> Coding and Decoding versus Space Diversity for ‎Rayleigh Fading Radio Frequency Channels ‎</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mahmoud%20Ahmed%20Abouelmagd">Ahmed Mahmoud Ahmed Abouelmagd </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The diversity is the usual remedy of the transmitted signal level variations (Fading phenomena) in radio frequency channels. Diversity techniques utilize two or more copies of a signal and combine those signals to combat fading. The basic concept of diversity is to transmit the signal via several independent diversity branches to get independent signal replicas via time – frequency - space - and polarization diversity domains. Coding and decoding processes can be an alternative remedy for fading phenomena, it cannot increase the channel capacity, but it can improve the error performance. In this paper we propose the use of replication decoding with BCH code class, and Viterbi decoding algorithm with convolution coding; as examples of coding and decoding processes. The results are compared to those obtained from two optimized selection space diversity techniques. The performance of Rayleigh fading channel, as the model considered for radio frequency channels, is evaluated for each case. The evaluation results show that the coding and decoding approaches, especially the BCH coding approach with replication decoding scheme, give better performance compared to that of selection space diversity optimization approaches. Also, an approach for combining the coding and decoding diversity as well as the space diversity is considered, the main disadvantage of this approach is its complexity but it yields good performance results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayleigh%20fading" title="Rayleigh fading">Rayleigh fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BCH%20codes" title=" BCH codes"> BCH codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Replication%20decoding" title=" Replication decoding"> Replication decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%8Econvolution%20coding" title=" ‎convolution coding"> ‎convolution coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viterbi%20decoding" title=" viterbi decoding"> viterbi decoding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20diversity" title=" space diversity"> space diversity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19844/coding-and-decoding-versus-space-diversity-for-rayleigh-fading-radio-frequency-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19844.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> Statistical Modeling of Local Area Fading Channels Based on Triply Stochastic Filtered Marked Poisson Point Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihad%20Daba">Jihad Daba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Pierre%20Dubois"> Jean-Pierre Dubois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multi path fading noise degrades the performance of cellular communication, most notably in femto- and pico-cells in 3G and 4G systems. When the wireless channel consists of a small number of scattering paths, the statistics of fading noise is not analytically tractable and poses a serious challenge to developing closed canonical forms that can be analysed and used in the design of efficient and optimal receivers. In this context, noise is multiplicative and is referred to as stochastically local fading. In many analytical investigation of multiplicative noise, the exponential or Gamma statistics are invoked. More recent advances by the author of this paper have utilized a Poisson modulated and weighted generalized Laguerre polynomials with controlling parameters and uncorrelated noise assumptions. In this paper, we investigate the statistics of multi-diversity stochastically local area fading channel when the channel consists of randomly distributed Rayleigh and Rician scattering centers with a coherent specular Nakagami-distributed line of sight component and an underlying doubly stochastic Poisson process driven by a lognormal intensity. These combined statistics form a unifying triply stochastic filtered marked Poisson point process model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20communication" title="cellular communication">cellular communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=femto%20and%20pico-cells" title=" femto and pico-cells"> femto and pico-cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastically%20local%20area%20fading%20channel" title=" stochastically local area fading channel"> stochastically local area fading channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triply%20stochastic%20filtered%20marked%20Poisson%20point%20process" title=" triply stochastic filtered marked Poisson point process"> triply stochastic filtered marked Poisson point process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33952/statistical-modeling-of-local-area-fading-channels-based-on-triply-stochastic-filtered-marked-poisson-point-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> Statistical Channel Modeling for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Youssef">M. I. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Emam"> A. E. Emam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abd%20Elghany"> M. Abd Elghany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of wireless communication systems is affected mainly by the environment of its associated channel, which is characterized by dynamic and unpredictable behavior. In this paper, different statistical earth-satellite channel models are studied with emphasize on two main models, first is the Rice-Log normal model, due to its representation for the environment including shadowing and multi-path components that affect the propagated signal along its path, and a three-state model that take into account different fading conditions (clear area, moderate shadow and heavy shadowing). The provided models are based on AWGN, Rician, Rayleigh, and log-normal distributions were their Probability Density Functions (PDFs) are presented. The transmission system Bit Error Rate (BER), Peak-Average-Power Ratio (PAPR), and the channel capacity vs. fading models are measured and analyzed. These simulations are implemented using MATLAB tool, and the results had shown the performance of transmission system over different channel models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels" title="fading channels">fading channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20communication" title=" MIMO communication"> MIMO communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNS%20scheme" title=" RNS scheme"> RNS scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20modeling" title=" statistical modeling"> statistical modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91503/statistical-channel-modeling-for-multiple-input-multiple-output-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> Learning Materials for Enhancing Sustainable Colour Fading Process of Fashion Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20W.%20Kan">C. W. Kan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20F.%20Cheung"> H. F. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Lee"> Y. S. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the results of colour fading of cotton fabric by plasma-induced ozone treatment, with an aim to provide learning materials for fashion designers when designing colour fading effects in fashion products. Cotton knitted fabrics were dyed with red reactive dye with a colour depth of 1.5% and were subjected to ozone generated by a commercially available plasma machine for colour fading. The plasma-induced ozone treatment was conducted with different parameters: (i) air concentration = 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%; (ii) water content in fabric = 35% and 45%, and (iii) treatment time = 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes. Finally, the colour properties of the plasma–induced ozone treated fabric were measured by spectrophotometer under illuminant D<sub>65</sub> to obtain the CIE L*, CIE a* and CIE b* values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20materials" title="learning materials">learning materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour%20fading" title=" colour fading"> colour fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colour%20properties" title=" colour properties"> colour properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fashion%20products" title=" fashion products"> fashion products</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48430/learning-materials-for-enhancing-sustainable-colour-fading-process-of-fashion-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> Investigation of the Fading Time Effects on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Vermicular Cast Iron</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Ekici">Mehmet Ekici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the fading time affecting the mechanical properties and microstructures of vermicular cast iron were studied. Pig iron and steel scrap weighing about 12 kg were charged into the high-frequency induction furnace crucible and completely melted for production of vermicular cast iron. The slag was skimmed using a common flux. After fading time was set at 1. 3 and 5 minutes. In this way, three vermicular cast iron was produced that same composition but different phase structures. The microstructure of specimens was investigated, and uni-axial tensile test and the Charpy impact test were performed, and their micro-hardness measurements were done in order to characterize the mechanical behaviours of vermicular cast iron. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vermicular%20cast%20iron" title="vermicular cast iron">vermicular cast iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20time" title=" fading time"> fading time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test%20and%20impact%20test" title=" tensile test and impact test"> tensile test and impact test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61560/investigation-of-the-fading-time-effects-on-microstructure-and-mechanical-properties-in-vermicular-cast-iron" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">847</span> Wavelet Based Residual Method of Detecting GSM Signal Strength Fading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danladi%20Ali">Danladi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onah%20Festus%20Iloabuchi"> Onah Festus Iloabuchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, GSM signal strength was measured in order to detect the type of the signal fading phenomenon using one-dimensional multilevel wavelet residual method and neural network clustering to determine the average GSM signal strength received in the study area. The wavelet residual method predicted that the GSM signal experienced slow fading and attenuated with MSE of 3.875dB. The neural network clustering revealed that mostly -75dB, -85dB and -95dB were received. This means that the signal strength received in the study is a weak signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one-dimensional%20multilevel%20wavelets" title="one-dimensional multilevel wavelets">one-dimensional multilevel wavelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss" title=" path loss"> path loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM%20signal%20strength" title=" GSM signal strength"> GSM signal strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14434/wavelet-based-residual-method-of-detecting-gsm-signal-strength-fading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">846</span> Performance Evaluation of MIMO-OFDM Communication Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Youssef">M. I. Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Emam"> A. E. Emam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abd%20Elghany"> M. Abd Elghany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the bit error rate (BER) performance of MIMO-OFDM communication system. MIMO system uses multiple transmitting and receiving antennas with different coding techniques to either enhance the transmission diversity or spatial multiplexing gain. Utilizing alamouti algorithm were the same information transmitted over multiple antennas at different time intervals and then collected again at the receivers to minimize the probability of error, combat fading and thus improve the received signal to noise ratio. While utilizing V-BLAST algorithm, the transmitted signals are divided into different transmitting channels and transferred over the channel to be received by different receiving antennas to increase the transmitted data rate and achieve higher throughput. The paper provides a study of different diversity gain coding schemes and spatial multiplexing coding for MIMO systems. A comparison of various channels' estimation and equalization techniques are given. The simulation is implemented using MATLAB, and the results had shown the performance of transmission models under different channel environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO%20communication" title="MIMO communication">MIMO communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20codes" title=" space codes"> space codes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channels" title=" channels"> channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alamouti" title=" alamouti"> alamouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V-BLAST" title=" V-BLAST"> V-BLAST</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82337/performance-evaluation-of-mimo-ofdm-communication-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">845</span> Flame Dynamics in Small Scale Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mahmoud%20Osman%20Ahmed">Mohammed Mahmoud Osman Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Mohammad"> Akram Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flame dynamics in heated quartz glass channels of various aspect ratios (2,5,10,15) were experimentally investigated. A premixed Propane-air mixture was used for the reported experiments. Regarding micro-combustion, flame quenching is considered to be the most crucial problem to overcome first. Experiments were carried out on four channels with different aspect ratios. The results show that at a very low equivalence ratio ϕ=0.4, there is no flame inside the channels. The FREI condition (Flame with repetitive extinction and ignition) was overcome by increasing velocity and by making the channels more in contact with the external heater. The flame tested inside the channels at different locations for V=0.3 m/s or higher below V=0.65 m/s. The effects of equivalence ratio and flow velocity on the characteristics of combustion in the channels were examined. Different ways of flame propagation were observed in the current investigations based on how they appear as planar, concave and convex flames. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20stabilization" title="flame stabilization">flame stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combustion" title=" combustion"> combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20dynamics" title=" flame dynamics"> flame dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-scale%20channels" title=" small-scale channels"> small-scale channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=external%20heater" title=" external heater"> external heater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166106/flame-dynamics-in-small-scale-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Channels Splitting Strategy for Optical Local Area Networks of Passive Star Topology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peristera%20Baziana">Peristera Baziana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a network configuration for a WDM LANs of passive star topology that assume that the set of data WDM channels is split into two separate sets of channels, with different access rights over them. Especially, a synchronous transmission WDMA access algorithm is adopted in order to increase the probability of successful transmission over the data channels and consequently to reduce the probability of data packets transmission cancellation in order to avoid the data channels collisions. Thus, a control pre-transmission access scheme is followed over a separate control channel. An analytical Markovian model is studied and the average throughput is mathematically derived. The performance is studied for several numbers of data channels and various values of control phase duration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=access%20algorithm" title="access algorithm">access algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channels%20division" title=" channels division"> channels division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collisions%20avoidance" title=" collisions avoidance"> collisions avoidance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelength%20division%20multiplexing" title=" wavelength division multiplexing"> wavelength division multiplexing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63025/channels-splitting-strategy-for-optical-local-area-networks-of-passive-star-topology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Research and Development of Intelligent Cooling Channels Design System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q.%20Niu">Q. Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20H.%20Zhou"> X. H. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Liu"> W. Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cooling channels of injection mould play a crucial role in determining the productivity of moulding process and the product quality. It’s not a simple task to design high quality cooling channels. In this paper, an intelligent cooling channels design system including automatic layout of cooling channels, interference checking and assembly of accessories is studied. Automatic layout of cooling channels using genetic algorithm is analyzed. Through integrating experience criteria of designing cooling channels, considering the factors such as the mould temperature and interference checking, the automatic layout of cooling channels is implemented. The method of checking interference based on distance constraint algorithm and the function of automatic and continuous assembly of accessories are developed and integrated into the system. Case studies demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the intelligent design system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20mould" title="injection mould">injection mould</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20channel" title=" cooling channel"> cooling channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20design" title=" intelligent design"> intelligent design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20layout" title=" automatic layout"> automatic layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20checking" title=" interference checking"> interference checking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11809/research-and-development-of-intelligent-cooling-channels-design-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Statistical Modeling of Mobile Fading Channels Based on Triply Stochastic Filtered Marked Poisson Point Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihad%20S.%20Daba">Jihad S. Daba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Dubois"> J. P. Dubois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the statistics of non-isotropic scattering multipath channels that fade randomly with respect to time, frequency, and space in a mobile environment is very crucial for the accurate detection of received signals in wireless and cellular communication systems. In this paper, we derive stochastic models for the probability density function (PDF) of the shift in the carrier frequency caused by the Doppler Effect on the received illuminating signal in the presence of a dominant line of sight. Our derivation is based on a generalized Clarke’s and a two-wave partially developed scattering models, where the statistical distribution of the frequency shift is shown to be consistent with the power spectral density of the Doppler shifted signal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doppler%20shift" title="Doppler shift">Doppler shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtered%20Poisson%20process" title=" filtered Poisson process"> filtered Poisson process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20Clark%E2%80%99s%20model" title=" generalized Clark’s model"> generalized Clark’s model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-isotropic%20scattering" title=" non-isotropic scattering"> non-isotropic scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partially%20developed%20scattering" title=" partially developed scattering"> partially developed scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rician%20distribution" title=" Rician distribution"> Rician distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65000/statistical-modeling-of-mobile-fading-channels-based-on-triply-stochastic-filtered-marked-poisson-point-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> Analysis of Cooperative Hybrid ARQ with Adaptive Modulation and Coding on a Correlated Fading Channel Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ozkan">Ibrahim Ozkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques for a cooperative wireless network is investigated analytically. Previous analyses of such systems in the literature are confined to the case where the fading channel is independent at each retransmission, which can be unrealistic unless the channel is varying very fast. On the other hand, temporal channel correlation can have a significant impact on the performance of HARQ systems. In this study, utilizing a Markov channel model which accounts for the temporal correlation, the performance of non-cooperative and cooperative networks are investigated in terms of packet loss rate and throughput metrics for Chase combining HARQ strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20network" title="cooperative network">cooperative network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20modulation%20and%20coding" title=" adaptive modulation and coding"> adaptive modulation and coding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20ARQ" title=" hybrid ARQ"> hybrid ARQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlated%20fading" title=" correlated fading"> correlated fading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108916/analysis-of-cooperative-hybrid-arq-with-adaptive-modulation-and-coding-on-a-correlated-fading-channel-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> Analytical Solution of Specific Energy Equation in Exponential Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Abdulrahman">Abdulrahman Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The specific energy equation has many applications in practical channels, such as exponential channels. In this paper, the governing equation of alternate depth ratio for exponential channels, in general, was investigated towards obtaining analytical solution for the alternate depth ratio in three exponential channel shapes, viz., rectangular, triangular, and parabolic channels. The alternate depth ratio for rectangular channels is quadratic; hence it is very simple to solve. While for parabolic and triangular channels, the alternate depth ratio is cubic and quartic equations, respectively, analytical solution for these equations may be achieved easily for a given Froud number. Different examples are solved to prove the efficiency of the proposed solution. Such analytical solution can be easily used in natural rivers and most of practical channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternate%20depth" title="alternate depth">alternate depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title=" analytical solution"> analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20energy" title=" specific energy"> specific energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parabolic%20channel" title=" parabolic channel"> parabolic channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20channel" title=" rectangular channel"> rectangular channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangular%20channel" title=" triangular channel"> triangular channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel%20flow" title=" open channel flow"> open channel flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121104/analytical-solution-of-specific-energy-equation-in-exponential-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> Performance Analysis of a Combined Ordered Successive and Interference Cancellation Using Zero-Forcing Detection over Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mimo Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20R.%20Elbergali">Jamal R. Elbergali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems are wireless systems with multiple antenna elements at both ends of the link. Wireless communication systems demand high data rate and spectral efficiency with increased reliability. MIMO systems have been popular techniques to achieve these goals because increased data rate is possible through spatial multiplexing scheme and diversity. Spatial Multiplexing (SM) is used to achieve higher possible throughput than diversity. In this paper, we propose a Zero-Forcing (ZF) detection using a combination of Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation (OSIC) and Zero Forcing using Interference Cancellation (ZF-IC). The proposed method used an OSIC based on Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ordering to get the estimation of last symbol (x ̃_(N_T )), then the estimated last symbol is considered to be an input to the ZF-IC. We analyze the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed MIMO system over Rayleigh Fading Channel, using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation scheme. The results show better performance than the previous methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNR" title="SNR">SNR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BPSK" title=" BPSK"> BPSK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation" title=" modulation"> modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20forcing%20%28ZF%29" title=" zero forcing (ZF)"> zero forcing (ZF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OSIC" title=" OSIC"> OSIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZF-IC" title=" ZF-IC"> ZF-IC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20multiplexing%20%28SM%29" title=" spatial multiplexing (SM)"> spatial multiplexing (SM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36113/performance-analysis-of-a-combined-ordered-successive-and-interference-cancellation-using-zero-forcing-detection-over-rayleigh-fading-channels-in-mimo-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> Convective Boiling of CO₂ in Macro and Mini-Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adonis%20Menezes">Adonis Menezes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20C.%20Passos"> Julio C. Passos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of the convective boiling of CO₂ in macro and mini-channels. A review of the state of the art of convective boiling studies in mini-channels and conventional channels for operating with CO₂ was carried out, with special attention to the flow patterns and pressure drop maps in single-phase and two-phase flows. To carry out an experimental analysis of the convective boiling of CO₂, a properly instrumented experimental bench was built, which allows a parametric analysis for different thermodynamic conditions, such as mass velocities between 200 and 1300 kg/(m².s), pressures between 20 and 70bar, temperature monitoring at the entrance of the mini-channels, heat flow and pressure drop in the test section. The visualization of flow patterns was possible with the use of a high-speed CMOS camera. The results obtained are in line with those found in the literature, both for flow patterns and for the heat transfer coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convective%20boiling" title=" convective boiling"> convective boiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82" title=" CO₂"> CO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini-channels" title=" mini-channels"> mini-channels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136203/convective-boiling-of-co2-in-macro-and-mini-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> Markov Characteristics of the Power Line Communication Channels in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Yue%20Zhai">Ming-Yue Zhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the multipath and pulse noise nature, power line communications(PLC) channel can be modelled as a memory one with the finite states Markov model(FSMC). As the most important parameter modelling a Markov channel,the memory order in an FSMC is not solved in PLC systems yet. In the paper, the mutual information is used as a measure of the dependence between the different symbols, treated as the received SNA or amplitude of the current channel symbol or that of previous symbols. The joint distribution probabilities of the envelopes in PLC systems are computed based on the multi-path channel model, which is commonly used in PLC. we confirm that given the information of the symbol immediately preceding the current one, any other previous symbol is independent of the current one in PLC systems, which means the PLC channels is a Markov chain with the first-order. The field test is also performed to model the received OFDM signals with the help of AR model. The results show that the first-order AR model is enough to model the fading channel in PLC systems, which means the amount of uncertainty remaining in the current symbol should be negligible, given the information corresponding to the immediately preceding one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20line%20communication" title="power line communication">power line communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20model" title=" channel model"> channel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=markovian" title=" markovian"> markovian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20theory" title=" information theory"> information theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-order" title=" first-order"> first-order</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10405/markov-characteristics-of-the-power-line-communication-channels-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> Magnetohydrodynamic Flows in a Conduit with Multiple Channels under a Magnetic Field Applied Perpendicular to the Plane of Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Luo">Yang Luo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Nyung%20Kim"> Chang Nyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study numerically analyzes a steady-state, three-dimensional liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic flows in a conduit with multiple channels under a uniform magnetic field. The geometry of the conduit is of a four-parallel-channels system including one inflow channel and three outflow channels. The liquid-metal flows in the inflow channel, then turns 1800 in the transition segment, finally flows into three different outflow channels simultaneously. This kind of channel system can induce counter flow and co-flow, which is rarely investigated before. The axial velocity in the side layer near the first partitioning wall, which is located between the inflow channel and the first outflow channel, is the highest. ‘M-shaped’ velocity profiles are obtained in the side layers of the inflow and outflow channels. The interdependency of the current, fluid velocity, pressure, electric potential is examined in order to describe the electromagnetic characteristics of the liquid-metal flows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-metal" title="liquid-metal">liquid-metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20channels" title=" multiple channels"> multiple channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title=" magnetic field"> magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetohydrodynamic" title=" magnetohydrodynamic"> magnetohydrodynamic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25440/magnetohydrodynamic-flows-in-a-conduit-with-multiple-channels-under-a-magnetic-field-applied-perpendicular-to-the-plane-of-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> Investigation on the Cooling Performance of Cooling Channels Fabricated via Selective Laser Melting for Injection Molding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyong%20Liu">Changyong Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junda%20Tong"> Junda Tong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng%20Xu"> Feng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ninggui%20Huang"> Ninggui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the injection molding process, the performance of cooling channels is crucial to the part quality. Through the application of conformal cooling channels fabricated via metal additive manufacturing, part distortion, warpage can be greatly reduced and cycle time can be greatly shortened. However, the properties of additively manufactured conformal cooling channels are quite different from conventional drilling processes such as the poorer dimensional accuracy and larger surface roughness. These features have significant influences on its cooling performance. In this study, test molds with the cooling channel diameters of φ2 mm, φ3 mm and φ4 mm were fabricated via selective laser melting and conventional drilling process respectively. A test system was designed and manufactured to measure the pressure difference between the channel inlet and outlet, the coolant flow rate and the temperature variation during the heating process. It was found that the cooling performance of SLM-fabricated channels was poorer than drilled cooling channels due to the smaller sectional area of cooling channels resulted from the low dimensional accuracy and the unmolten particles adhered to the channel surface. Theoretical models were established to determine the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient of SLM-fabricated cooling channels. These findings may provide guidance to the design of conformal cooling channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformal%20cooling%20channels" title="conformal cooling channels">conformal cooling channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20melting" title=" selective laser melting"> selective laser melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20performance" title=" cooling performance"> cooling performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection%20molding" title=" injection molding"> injection molding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102200/investigation-on-the-cooling-performance-of-cooling-channels-fabricated-via-selective-laser-melting-for-injection-molding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> Investigation of Roll-Off Factor in Pulse Shaping Filter on Maximal Ratio Combining for CDMA 2000 System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20S.%20Walia">G. S. Walia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Singh"> H. P. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Padma"> D. Padma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The integration of wide variety of communication services is made possible with invention of 3G technology. Code Division Multiple Access 2000 operates on various RF channel bandwidths 1.2288 or 3.6864 Mcps (1x or 3x systems). It is a 3G system which offers high bandwidth and wireless broadband services but its efficiency is lowered due to various factors like fading, interference, scattering, absorption etc. This paper investigates the effect of diversity (MRC), roll off factor in Root Raised Cosine (RRC) filter for the BPSK and QPSK modulation schemes. It is possible to transmit data with minimum Inter symbol Interference and within limited bandwidth with proper pulse shaping technique. Bit error rate (BER) performance is analyzed by applying diversity technique by varying the roll off factor for BPSK and QPSK. Roll off factor reduces the ISI and diversity reduces the Fading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20raised%20cosine" title=" root raised cosine"> root raised cosine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roll-off%20factor" title=" roll-off factor"> roll-off factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISI" title=" ISI"> ISI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading" title=" fading "> fading </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9526/investigation-of-roll-off-factor-in-pulse-shaping-filter-on-maximal-ratio-combining-for-cdma-2000-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">833</span> BER of the Leaky Feeder under Rayleigh Fading Multichannel Reception with Imperfect Phase Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Farahneh">Hasan Farahneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Fernando"> Xavier Fernando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaky Feeder (LF) has been a proven technology for many decades and its promises broadband wireless access in short range but being overlooked until now. The LF is a natural MIMO transceiver ideal for micro and pico cells. In this work, the LF is considered as a linear antenna array MultiInput-Single-Output (MISO) and derive the average bit error rate (BER) in Rayleigh fading channel considering ideal and independent paths (iid) which consider there is no correlation and mutual coupling between transmit antennas (slots) or receiver antenna considering QPSK modulation with imperfect phase estimation. We consider maximal ratio transmission (MRT) at the transmit end and maximal ratio combining (MRC) at the receiving end. Analytical expressions are derived for the BER with radiating cable transmitters. The effects of slot spacing and carrier frequency on the BER are also studied. Numerical evaluations show the radiating cable transmitter offer much lower BER than a single antenna transmitter with same SNR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaky%20feeder" title="leaky feeder">leaky feeder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QPSK" title=" QPSK"> QPSK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rayleigh%20fading" title=" rayleigh fading"> rayleigh fading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20gain" title=" channel gain"> channel gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20mismatch" title=" phase mismatch"> phase mismatch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50123/ber-of-the-leaky-feeder-under-rayleigh-fading-multichannel-reception-with-imperfect-phase-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">832</span> Determination of Concentrated State Using Multiple EEG Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Jin%20Choi">Tae Jin Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Ok%20Kim"> Jong Ok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Min%20Jin"> Sang Min Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gilwon%20Yoon"> Gilwon Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of EEG brainwave provides information on mental or emotional states. One of the particular states that can have various applications in human machine interface (HMI) is concentration. 8-channel EEG signals were measured and analyzed. The concentration index was compared during resting and concentrating periods. Among eight channels, locations the frontal lobe (Fp1 and Fp2) showed a clear increase of the concentration index during concentration regardless of subjects. The rest six channels produced conflicting observations depending on subjects. At this time, it is not clear whether individual difference or how to concentrate made these results for the rest six channels. Nevertheless, it is expected that Fp1 and Fp2 are promising locations for extracting control signal for HMI applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title="concentration">concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20machine%20interface" title=" human machine interface"> human machine interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biophysical" title=" biophysical"> biophysical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13664/determination-of-concentrated-state-using-multiple-eeg-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">831</span> Numerical Analysis of Liquid Metal Magnetohydrodynamic Flows in a Manifold with Three Sub-Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meimei%20Wen">Meimei Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Nyung%20Kim"> Chang Nyung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, three-dimensional liquid metal (LM) magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flows in a manifold with three sub-channels under a uniform magnetic field are numerically investigated. In the manifold, the electrical current can cross channel walls, thus having influence on the flow distribution in each sub-channel. A case with various arrangements of electric conductivity for different parts of channel walls is considered, yielding different current distributions as well as flow distributions in each sub-channel. Here, the imbalance of mass flow rates in the three sub-channels is addressed. Meanwhile, predicted are detailed behaviors of the flow velocity, pressure, current and electric potential of LM MHD flows with three sub-channels. Commercial software CFX is used for the numerical simulation of LM MHD flows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFX" title="CFX">CFX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20metal" title=" liquid metal"> liquid metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manifold" title=" manifold"> manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20flow" title=" MHD flow"> MHD flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25429/numerical-analysis-of-liquid-metal-magnetohydrodynamic-flows-in-a-manifold-with-three-sub-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">830</span> Effects of Structure on Density-Induced Flow in Coastal and Estuarine Navigation Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuo%20Huang">Shuo Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huomiao%20Guo"> Huomiao Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenrui%20Huang"> Wenrui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In navigation channels located in coasts and estuaries as the waterways connecting coastal water to ports or harbors, density-induced flow often exist due to the density-gradient or gravity gradient as the results of mixing between fresh water from coastal rivers and saline water in the coasts. The density-induced flow often carries sediment transport into navigation channels and causes sediment depositions in the channels. As a result, expensive dredging may need to maintain the water depth required for navigation. In our study, we conduct a series of experiments to investigate the characteristics of density-induced flow in the estuarine navigation channels under different density gradients. Empirical equations between density flow and salinity gradient were derived. Effects of coastal structures for regulating navigation channel on density-induced flow have also been investigated. Results will be very helpful for improving the understanding of the characteristics of density-induced flow in estuarine navigation channels. The results will also provide technical support for cost-effective waterway regulation and management to maintain coastal and estuarine navigation channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20flow" title="density flow">density flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estuarine" title=" estuarine"> estuarine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navigation%20channel" title=" navigation channel"> navigation channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119059/effects-of-structure-on-density-induced-flow-in-coastal-and-estuarine-navigation-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">829</span> Assessment of Academic Knowledge Transfer Channels in Field of Environment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagul%20Huma%20Lashari">Jagul Huma Lashari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabella%20Bhutto"> Arabella Bhutto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Last few years have shown increased an interest of researchers in knowledge and technology transfer. However, facts show fewer types of knowledge transfer practices in the developing countries. This article focuses on assessment transfer channels of academic research produced by highly qualified academicians working in universities in Sindh offering degrees in field of an Environment in Sindh Pakistan. The academic field has been chosen because in field of the environment there is alarming need of research into practice for sustainable development. Using case study approach; in this research qualitative interviews have been conducted from PhD faculty members working in the universities offering degrees in field of environment. Obtained data is analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test with the help of statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS). Research explored 31 channels of academic knowledge transfer from detailed review of literature and exploratory interviews with participants. Identified knowledge transfer channels have been grouped together in 6 groups of knowledge transfer channels; As knowledge transfer through publications, networking, mobility of researchers, joint research, intellectual property and co-operations. Results revealed that academic knowledge have been transferred through publications, networking, and co-operation. However, less number of academic knowledge has been transferred through groups of knowledge transfer channels such as Intellectual Property and joint research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20knowledge" title=" research knowledge"> research knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20channels" title=" transfer channels"> transfer channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universities" title=" universities"> universities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40397/assessment-of-academic-knowledge-transfer-channels-in-field-of-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">828</span> The Contribution of Algerian Sports Channels on YouTube to the Marketing of Professional Players Abroad: The View of Algerian Sports Content Makers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mana">Ali Mana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Okba%20Lahmar"> Okba Lahmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is natural that sports media seeks to reach the audience of viewers wherever they are and at any time. Perhaps YouTube is one of the most important platforms in which the Algerian audience resides, as Alexa, which is one of the most important tools for providing usage statistics, indicated that the number of Algerian audience views of this site has exceeded 11 million views per month, and many Algerian content makers have initiated the creation of Sports channels in order to achieve profit goals. They also seek through it to market professional footballers abroad, in addition to influencing the opinions of fans towards them. This scene directs us to study the extent to which these channels contribute to discovering professional players, marketing to them, and protecting them from negative criticism. We also aim to know the extent of the influence of the content makers of these channels on the Algerian audience and to raise their awareness of the positive support of the players, regardless of their level of performance. To collect the necessary data, a descriptive study was conducted in which interview and observation were adopted as two basic tools. The sample included 04 sports content makers out of the total community that organizes more than 50 channels. It was chosen intentionally and included channels with more than 300,000 subscribers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20content%20creators" title="sports content creators">sports content creators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YouTube" title=" YouTube"> YouTube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20player" title=" professional player"> professional player</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Algerian%20public" title=" Algerian public"> Algerian public</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20marketing" title=" sports marketing"> sports marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183399/the-contribution-of-algerian-sports-channels-on-youtube-to-the-marketing-of-professional-players-abroad-the-view-of-algerian-sports-content-makers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">827</span> Analysis of Interpolation Factor in Pulse Shaping Filter on MRC for CDMA 2000 Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Verma">Pankaj Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gagandeep%20Singh%20Walia"> Gagandeep Singh Walia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padma%20Devi"> Padma Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Singh"> H. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Code Division Multiple Access 2000 operates on various RF channel bandwidths 1.2288 or 3.6864 Mcps. CDMA offers high bandwidth and wireless broadband services but the efficiency gets decreased because of many interfering factors like fading, interference, scattering, diffraction, refraction, reflection etc. To reduce the spectral bandwidth is one of the major concerns in modern day technology and this is achieved by pulse shaping filter. This paper investigates the effect of diversity (MRC), interpolation factor in Root Raised Cosine (RRC) filter for the QPSK and BPSK modulation schemes. It is made possible to send information with minimum inter symbol interference and within limited bandwidth with proper pulse shaping technique. Bit error rate (BER) performance is analyzed by applying diversity technique by varying the interpolation factor for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). Interpolation factor increases the original sampling rate of a sequence to a higher rate and reduces the interference and diversity reduces the fading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20raised%20cosine" title=" root raised cosine"> root raised cosine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roll%20off%20factor" title=" roll off factor"> roll off factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISI" title=" ISI"> ISI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading" title=" fading"> fading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12521/analysis-of-interpolation-factor-in-pulse-shaping-filter-on-mrc-for-cdma-2000-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12521.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">826</span> Quantification of Effect of Linear Anionic Polyacrylamide on Seepage in Irrigation Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamil%20Uribe">Hamil Uribe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Arancibia"> Cristian Arancibia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Chile, the water for irrigation and hydropower generation is delivery essentially through unlined channels on earth, which have high seepage losses. Traditional seepage-abatement technologies are very expensive. The goals of this work were to quantify water loss in unlined channels and select reaches to evaluate the use of linear anionic polyacrylamide (LA-PAM) to reduce seepage losses. The study was carried out in Maule Region, central area of Chile. Water users indicated reaches with potential seepage losses, 45 km of channels in total, whose flow varied between 1.07 and 23.6 m³ s⁻¹. According to seepage measurements, 4 reaches of channels, 4.5 km in total, were selected for LA-PAM application. One to 4 LA-PAM applications were performed at rates of 11 kg ha⁻¹, considering wet perimeter area as basis of calculation. Large channels were used to allow motorboat moving against the current to carry-out LA-PAM application. For applications, a seeder machine was used to evenly distribute granulated polymer on water surface. Water flow was measured (StreamPro ADCP) upstream and downstream in selected reaches, to estimate seepage losses before and after LA-PAM application. Weekly measurements were made to quantify treatment effect and duration. In each case, water turbidity and temperature were measured. Channels showed variable losses up to 13.5%. Channels showing water gains were not treated with PAM. In all cases, LA-PAM effect was positive, achieving average loss reductions of 8% to 3.1%. Water loss was confirmed and it was possible to reduce seepage through LA-PAM applications provided that losses were known and correctly determined when applying the polymer. This could allow increasing irrigation security in critical periods, especially under drought conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canal%20seepage" title="canal seepage">canal seepage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylamide" title=" polyacrylamide"> polyacrylamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20management" title=" water management"> water management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75098/quantification-of-effect-of-linear-anionic-polyacrylamide-on-seepage-in-irrigation-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=28">28</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=29">29</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fading%20channels&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>