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.navigation-main__submenu[data-v-19b99553]{opacity:1;pointer-events:all;visibility:visible}.navigation-main__submenu-items[data-v-19b99553]{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.navigation-main__submenu-item[data-v-19b99553]{margin-bottom:.75rem}.navigation-main__submenu-item[data-v-19b99553]:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.navigation-main__submenu-link[data-v-19b99553]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;font-size:16px;line-height:1.1875rem;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background-color .3s ease-in-out,color .3s ease,border-color .35s ease;color:#fff;font-weight:700;line-height:1.5;display:block}.navigation-main__submenu-link[data-v-19b99553]:hover,.navigation-main__submenu-link[aria-current=page][data-v-19b99553]{color:#089bd3} .layout-header-tools[data-v-f4d9ecf0]{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.layout-header-tools__items[data-v-f4d9ecf0]{display:flex;align-items:center}.layout-header-tools__item[data-v-f4d9ecf0]{margin-left:1.875rem}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.layout-header-tools__item.layout-header-tools__item--menu[data-v-f4d9ecf0]{margin-left:0}} .search-bar[data-v-6ed847be]{display:flex}.search-bar__toggle[data-v-6ed847be]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem}.search-bar__toggle-icon[data-v-6ed847be]{color:#fff}.search-bar__container[data-v-6ed847be]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:#2f2f2f;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .3s ease,visibility .3s ease;z-index:11}.search-bar--active .search-bar__container[data-v-6ed847be]{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.search-bar__inner[data-v-6ed847be]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;max-width:90rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;width:100%;height:100%;display:flex}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.search-bar__inner[data-v-6ed847be]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.search-bar__inner[data-v-6ed847be]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}.search-bar__body[data-v-6ed847be]{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:30rem){.search-bar__body[data-v-6ed847be]{justify-content:center}}.search-bar__close[data-v-6ed847be]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;width:1.25rem;height:1.25rem;position:absolute;top:50%;right:0;transform:translateY(-50%)}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){[data-v-6ed847be] .search-bar__input{background-color:#434343;color:#fff}}[data-v-6ed847be] .search-bar__input-icon{color:#919191}[data-v-6ed847be] .search-bar__input-group{width:100%;max-width:calc(100% - 2.75rem)}@media screen and (min-width:30rem){[data-v-6ed847be] .search-bar__input-group{max-width:83.3333333333%}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){[data-v-6ed847be] .search-bar__input-group{max-width:66.6666666667%}}[data-v-6ed847be] .search-bar__clear{color:#fff} 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.fade-enter-active[data-v-46e7d588],.fade-leave-active[data-v-46e7d588]{transition:opacity .75s}.fade-enter[data-v-46e7d588],.fade-leave-to[data-v-46e7d588]{opacity:0} .transition-enter-active[data-v-94f018bc],.transition-leave-active[data-v-94f018bc]{transition:opacity .5s}.transition-enter[data-v-94f018bc],.transition-leave-active[data-v-94f018bc]{opacity:0} .layout-section[data-v-de372314]{margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:2.25rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-section[data-v-de372314]{margin-top:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-section[data-v-de372314]{margin-top:3.75rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-section[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-section[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:3.75rem}}.layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}.layout--default-width .layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314],.layout--restrained-width .layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;max-width:90rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout--default-width .layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314],.layout--restrained-width .layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.layout--default-width .layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314],.layout--restrained-width .layout-section__inner[data-v-de372314]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}.layout-section__header[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:2.25rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-section__header[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-section__header[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:3.75rem}}.layout-section__title[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:2.25rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-section__title[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-section__title[data-v-de372314]{margin-bottom:3.75rem}}.layout-section__footer[data-v-de372314]{margin-top:2.25rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-section__footer[data-v-de372314]{margin-top:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-section__footer[data-v-de372314]{margin-top:3.75rem}}.layout--restrained-width .layout-section__content[data-v-de372314],.page--restrained-width .layout-section__content[data-v-de372314]{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;max-width:41.25rem} .theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-top:2.25rem;padding-bottom:2.25rem;margin-right:-1.5rem;margin-left:-1.5rem;background-color:#212121;min-height:100vh;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-top:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-top:3.75rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-bottom:3.75rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{margin-right:-3rem;margin-left:-3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.theme-intro[data-v-0f3767cb]{margin-right:-6.25rem;margin-left:-6.25rem}}.theme-intro__inner[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.theme-intro__inner[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.theme-intro__inner[data-v-0f3767cb]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}.theme-intro__backdrop[data-v-0f3767cb]{height:100%;height:100vh;overflow:hidden}.theme-intro__backdrop[data-v-0f3767cb],.theme-intro__backdrop[data-v-0f3767cb]:after{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%}.theme-intro__backdrop[data-v-0f3767cb]:after{height:100%;background:transparent linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(33,33,33,.1) 10%,rgba(33,33,33,.3) 40%,rgba(33,33,33,.6) 60%,rgba(33,33,33,.8) 70%,rgba(33,33,33,.99) 95%,#212121 96%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box;content:"";height:calc(100% + 1px);display:block;z-index:2}.theme-intro__backdrop-image[data-v-0f3767cb]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50%;background-size:cover;height:100vh;z-index:1}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.theme-intro__backdrop-image[data-v-0f3767cb]{background-attachment:fixed}}.theme-intro__content[data-v-0f3767cb]{margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;max-width:41.25rem;color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:2}.theme-intro__icon[data-v-0f3767cb]{margin:1.5rem auto 0;max-width:6rem}.theme-intro__title[data-v-0f3767cb]{font-size:2.5rem;line-height:2.875rem;font-family:"Impact",sans-serif;letter-spacing:.0625rem;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:3rem;text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.theme-intro__title[data-v-0f3767cb]{font-size:3.4375rem;line-height:4.6875rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.theme-intro__title[data-v-0f3767cb]{font-size:3.4375rem;line-height:4.6875rem}}[data-v-0f3767cb] .theme-intro__text p{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.625rem;margin-bottom:1rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){[data-v-0f3767cb] .theme-intro__text p{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.75rem}} .app-responsive-image{position:relative;background-size:cover;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#919191}.app-responsive-image__loaded{background-color:hsla(0,0%,56.9%,0);-webkit-animation-duration:1s;animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both;-webkit-animation-name:fadeIn;animation-name:fadeIn}.app-responsive-image__loaded>img{display:contents} .app-image__hidden[data-v-16bbf503]{visibility:hidden;width:0;height:0} .carousel--logo-tiles[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:2.25rem;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.carousel--logo-tiles[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-top:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.carousel--logo-tiles[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-top:3.75rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.carousel--logo-tiles[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.carousel--logo-tiles[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-bottom:3.75rem}}.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop .carousel__inner[data-v-5bed1c72]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop .carousel__inner[data-v-5bed1c72]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop .carousel__inner[data-v-5bed1c72]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}.layout--full-width .carousel--logo-tiles.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop .carousel__inner[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-right:-1.5rem;margin-left:-1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout--full-width .carousel--logo-tiles.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop .carousel__inner[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-right:-3rem;margin-left:-3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.layout--full-width .carousel--logo-tiles.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop .carousel__inner[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-right:-6.25rem;margin-left:-6.25rem}}.carousel__header[data-v-5bed1c72]{width:100%;position:absolute;top:.75rem}.carousel__title[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-family:"Impact",sans-serif;letter-spacing:.0625rem;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:0}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.carousel__title[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.carousel__title[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.carousel__body[data-v-5bed1c72]{padding-top:3.5rem}.carousel__cells[data-v-5bed1c72]{width:100%}.carousel__cell[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-right:.75rem;padding-bottom:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.carousel__cell[data-v-5bed1c72]{padding-bottom:calc(50% - .375rem);width:calc(50% - .375rem)}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.carousel__cell[data-v-5bed1c72]{padding-bottom:calc(33.33333% - .5rem);width:calc(33.33333% - .5rem)}}.carousel-cell__overlay[data-v-5bed1c72]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:transparent linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.9882352941),hsla(0,0%,46.3%,.1294117647)) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box;opacity:.8;z-index:2;transition:opacity .5s ease;will-change:opacity}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.carousel-cell__overlay[data-v-5bed1c72]{opacity:.6}.carousel__cell:hover .carousel-cell__overlay[data-v-5bed1c72]{opacity:.8}}.carousel-cell__content[data-v-5bed1c72]{color:#fff;padding:1.5rem;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:3}.carousel-cell__logo[data-v-5bed1c72]{margin-bottom:1.5rem;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;-o-object-position:left;object-position:left;max-height:2.75rem;max-width:50%}.carousel-cell__heading[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:1rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.carousel-cell__heading[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.carousel-cell__heading[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.carousel-cell__text[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.1875rem;margin-bottom:1rem;max-width:75%}.carousel-cell__link[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:1.125rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:inline-block;position:relative}.carousel-cell__link svg[data-v-5bed1c72]{color:#00aeef;margin-left:.625rem;width:.75rem;height:.75rem;position:absolute;top:.1875rem;right:0}.carousel-cell__fauxlink[data-v-5bed1c72]{font-size:0;z-index:4}.carousel-cell__background-image[data-v-5bed1c72],.carousel-cell__fauxlink[data-v-5bed1c72]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}.carousel-cell__background-image[data-v-5bed1c72]{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.carousel-cell__background-image[data-v-5bed1c72]{transition:transform .8s ease;will-change:transform}.carousel-cell:hover .carousel-cell__background-image[data-v-5bed1c72]{transform:scale(1.015)}}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-viewport{overflow:visible}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button{background-color:#00aeef;border-radius:0;color:#fff;outline:none;width:2rem;height:2rem;display:none;top:-2.75rem;transform:none;transition:background-color .3s ease}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button{display:block}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button{display:none}.carousel--isActiveOnDesktop[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button{display:block}}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button .flickity-button-icon{left:25%;top:25%;width:50%;height:50%}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button:active,[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button:hover{background-color:#089bd3;opacity:1}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button.previous{transform:translateX(-100%)}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button.next{border-left:.125rem solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.4)}[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button.next,[data-v-5bed1c72] .flickity-prev-next-button.previous{right:0;left:auto} .related-articles[data-v-55feb318]{margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:2.25rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.related-articles[data-v-55feb318]{margin-top:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.related-articles[data-v-55feb318]{margin-top:3.75rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.related-articles[data-v-55feb318]{margin-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.related-articles[data-v-55feb318]{margin-bottom:3.75rem}}.related-articles__inner[data-v-55feb318]{max-width:90rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.related-articles__header[data-v-55feb318]{margin-bottom:.75rem;display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between}.related-articles__title[data-v-55feb318]{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:1.5625rem;font-family:"Impact",sans-serif;letter-spacing:.0625rem;text-transform:uppercase}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.related-articles__title[data-v-55feb318]{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:2.1875rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.related-articles__title[data-v-55feb318]{font-size:1.375rem;line-height:2.1875rem}}.related-articles__link[data-v-55feb318]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;font-size:16px;line-height:1.1875rem;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background-color .3s ease-in-out,color .3s ease,border-color .35s ease;font-weight:700;padding-right:1.25rem;position:relative}.related-articles__link .icon-arrow[data-v-55feb318]{color:#00aeef;width:.9rem;position:absolute;top:.25rem;right:-.1rem;transition:transform .3s ease;will-change:transform}.related-articles__link:hover .icon-arrow[data-v-55feb318]{transform:translateX(.125rem)}.related-articles__items[data-v-55feb318]{margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.related-articles__items[data-v-55feb318]{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);grid-gap:1.5rem}}.related-articles__item[data-v-55feb318]:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.related-articles__item[data-v-55feb318]:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:0}}.related-articles__item[data-v-55feb318]:nth-child(3n){grid-column:1/span 2} .card-news-article[data-v-d5e3b230]{cursor:pointer;flex:1;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-bottom:1.5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article.card-news-article--large[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-bottom:0;display:flex}}.card-news-article__content[data-v-d5e3b230]{background-color:#fff;padding-top:1rem}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article__content[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-top:.75rem;padding-right:.75rem;padding-bottom:.375rem;max-width:50%;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:1}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.card-news-article__content[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-top:2.25rem;padding-right:2.25rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article--large .card-news-article__content[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding:0 0 0 1.5rem;width:25%;position:static}}.card-news-article__image-wrap[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-bottom:50%!important;overflow:hidden;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article__image-wrap[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-bottom:57.4803149606%!important}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article--large .card-news-article__image-wrap[data-v-d5e3b230]{padding-bottom:30.8641975309%!important;width:75%}}.card-news-article__image[data-v-d5e3b230]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding-bottom:0!important}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.card-news-article__image[data-v-d5e3b230]{transition:transform .8s ease;will-change:transform}.card-news-article:hover .card-news-article__image[data-v-d5e3b230]{transform:scale(1.01)}}.card-news-article__details[data-v-d5e3b230]{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:.75rem;text-transform:uppercase;display:block}.card-news-article__published-date[data-v-d5e3b230]:before{content:" | "}.card-news-article__title[data-v-d5e3b230]{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:.75rem}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.card-news-article__title[data-v-d5e3b230]{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article__title[data-v-d5e3b230]{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.card-news-article__excerpt[data-v-d5e3b230]{-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2;line-clamp:2;margin:0;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;max-height:2.375rem;display:-webkit-box}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article--large .card-news-article__excerpt[data-v-d5e3b230]{-webkit-line-clamp:3;line-clamp:3;max-height:3.5625rem}}.card-news-article__link[data-v-d5e3b230]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;font-size:16px;line-height:1.1875rem;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background-color .3s ease-in-out,color .3s ease,border-color .35s ease;font-weight:700;padding-right:1.25rem;position:relative;margin-top:1rem;display:none}.card-news-article__link .icon-arrow[data-v-d5e3b230]{color:#00aeef;width:.9rem;position:absolute;top:.25rem;right:-.1rem;transition:transform .3s ease;will-change:transform}.card-news-article__link:hover .icon-arrow[data-v-d5e3b230]{transform:translateX(.125rem)}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.card-news-article__link[data-v-d5e3b230]{display:inline-flex}.card-news-article:hover .card-news-article__link .icon-arrow[data-v-d5e3b230]{transform:translateX(.125rem)}}.card-news-article__faux-link[data-v-d5e3b230]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;font-size:0;z-index:2} .footer-banner[data-v-23fe6ce8]{position:relative}.footer-banner__inner[data-v-23fe6ce8]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;max-width:90rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.footer-banner__inner[data-v-23fe6ce8]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.footer-banner__inner[data-v-23fe6ce8]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}.footer-banner__body[data-v-23fe6ce8]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;z-index:1}.footer-banner__content[data-v-23fe6ce8]{color:#fff;padding:6.25rem 0}.footer-banner__title[data-v-23fe6ce8]{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:2.375rem;font-family:"Impact",sans-serif;letter-spacing:.0625rem;text-transform:uppercase}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.footer-banner__title[data-v-23fe6ce8]{font-size:2.1875rem;line-height:2.625rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.footer-banner__title[data-v-23fe6ce8]{font-size:2.625rem;line-height:3.125rem;max-width:66.6666666667%}}.footer-banner__link[data-v-23fe6ce8]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;font-size:16px;line-height:1.1875rem;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;transition:background-color .3s ease-in-out,color .3s ease,border-color .35s ease;font-weight:700;padding-right:1.25rem;position:relative;margin:0;display:inline-flex}.footer-banner__link .icon-arrow[data-v-23fe6ce8]{color:#00aeef;width:.9rem;position:absolute;top:.25rem;right:-.1rem;transition:transform .3s ease;will-change:transform}.footer-banner__link:hover .icon-arrow[data-v-23fe6ce8]{transform:translateX(.125rem)}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.footer-banner:hover .footer-banner__link .icon-arrow[data-v-23fe6ce8]{transform:translateX(.125rem)}}.footer-banner__faux-link[data-v-23fe6ce8]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;font-size:0;z-index:2}.footer-banner__background-image-wrap[data-v-23fe6ce8]{padding-bottom:71.4285714286%!important;overflow:hidden;position:relative}@media screen and (min-width:30rem){.footer-banner__background-image-wrap[data-v-23fe6ce8]{padding-bottom:36.3636363636%!important}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.footer-banner__background-image-wrap[data-v-23fe6ce8]{padding-bottom:23.6111111111%!important}}.footer-banner__background-image[data-v-23fe6ce8]{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;padding-bottom:0!important}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.footer-banner__background-image[data-v-23fe6ce8]{transform:scale(1.005);transition:transform .8s ease;will-change:transform}.footer-banner:hover .footer-banner__background-image[data-v-23fe6ce8]{transform:scale(1.015)}} .layout-footer[data-v-c923d2fc]{background-color:#2f2f2f;padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem}.layout-footer__inner[data-v-c923d2fc]{padding-right:1.5rem;padding-left:1.5rem;max-width:90rem;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-footer__inner[data-v-c923d2fc]{padding-right:3rem;padding-left:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width:75rem){.layout-footer__inner[data-v-c923d2fc]{padding-right:6.25rem;padding-left:6.25rem}}@media screen and (min-width:48rem){.layout-footer__items[data-v-c923d2fc]{display:grid;grid-template-columns:10.9375rem 1fr 10.3125rem;grid-gap:1.5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-footer__items[data-v-c923d2fc]{grid-gap:9.375rem}}.layout-footer__item[data-v-c923d2fc]{margin-bottom:3rem}@media screen and (min-width:60rem){.layout-footer__item[data-v-c923d2fc]{margin-bottom:0}}.layout-footer__item[data-v-c923d2fc]:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.layout-header__logo-link[data-v-c923d2fc]{color:#fff}.layout-footer__cta-link[data-v-c923d2fc]{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer;font-family:"Roboto",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1rem;outline:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase;display:inline-block;transition:background-color .3s ease-in-out,color .3s 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Do</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 8.22 4.82" class="icon__angle-down navigation-mobile__icon navigation-mobile__icon--dropdown" data-v-816e1d4e data-v-816e1d4e><g><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-miterlimit="10" d="M7.87.35L4.11 4.11.35.35"></path></g></svg></span> <div class="navigation-mobile__submenu" data-v-816e1d4e><ul class="navigation-mobile__submenu-items" data-v-816e1d4e><li class="navigation-mobile__submenu-item" data-v-816e1d4e><a href="/en/nature-conserved" class="navigation-mobile__submenu-link" data-v-816e1d4e>Nature Conserved</a></li><li class="navigation-mobile__submenu-item" data-v-816e1d4e><a href="/en/nature-restored" class="navigation-mobile__submenu-link" data-v-816e1d4e>Nature Restored</a></li><li class="navigation-mobile__submenu-item" data-v-816e1d4e><a href="/en/nature-based-solutions" class="navigation-mobile__submenu-link" data-v-816e1d4e>Nature-Based Solutions</a></li><li class="navigation-mobile__submenu-item" 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</div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,_,$,aa,ab,ac,ad,ae,af,ag,ah,ai,aj,ak,al,am,an,ao,ap,aq,ar,as,at,au,av,aw,ax,ay,az,aA,aB,aC,aD,aE,aF,aG,aH,aI,aJ,aK,aL,aM,aN,aO,aP,aQ,aR,aS,aT,aU,aV,aW,aX,aY,aZ,a_,a$,ba,bb,bc,bd,be,bf,bg,bh,bi,bj,bk,bl,bm,bn,bo,bp,bq,br,bs,bt,bu,bv,bw,bx,by,bz,bA,bB,bC,bD,bE,bF,bG,bH,bI,bJ,bK,bL,bM,bN,bO,bP,bQ,bR,bS,bT,bU,bV,bW,bX,bY,bZ,b_,b$,ca,cb,cc,cd,ce,cf,cg,ch,ci,cj,ck,cl,cm,cn,co,cp,cq,cr,cs,ct,cu,cv,cw,cx,cy,cz,cA,cB,cC,cD){ah.id=376;ah.author=C;ah.blocks=[{name:"wp-block-theme-intro",props:{title:D,text:"\u003Cp\u003EWe energise, enable and empower leaders across all sectors of the economy to take action for nature.   \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWe support businesses, financial institutions and governments, to ensure they have the knowledge, tools and capacity to measure and account for their impacts and dependencies on natural capital and so they can implement actions towards a nature-positive future. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOur team of leading experts work with our partners to build capacity for positive change for people and the planet.  We support reform of policy, legal, planning and accountability frameworks, as well as helping to align financial flows to incentivise nature-positive and carbon-neutral outcomes. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E",backgroundImageId:K},children:[]},{name:"wp-carousel-logo-tiles",props:{cells:{rows:[{"":e,heading:ai,linkUrl:aj,backgroundImageId:ak,text:al,externalLink:d},{"":e,heading:am,linkUrl:an,backgroundImageId:ao,text:ap,externalLink:d},{"":e,heading:aq,linkUrl:ar,backgroundImageId:as,text:at,externalLink:d},{"":e,heading:au,linkUrl:av,backgroundImageId:aw,text:ax,externalLink:d},{"":e,heading:ay,linkUrl:az,backgroundImageId:aA,text:aB,externalLink:d},{"":e,heading:aC,linkUrl:aD,backgroundImageId:aE,text:aF,externalLink:d}]},sectionTitle:"Our Nature Economy 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Organic cacao fruit. Cocoa – healthy food. Cut of cacao fruit.",src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-scaled.jpeg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-150x150.jpeg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-250x250.jpeg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-300x200.jpeg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-768x512.jpeg 768w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-1024x683.jpeg 1024w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_132321706-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w"}},{logo:w,heading:au,text:ax,linkUrl:av,externalLink:d,image:{id:aw,alt:"Business data analytics process management with businesswoman hand touching connected gear cogs with KPI financial charts and graph and automated marketing dashboard.",src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-scaled.jpeg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-150x150.jpeg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-250x250.jpeg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-300x114.jpeg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-768x292.jpeg 768w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-1024x389.jpeg 1024w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_280704447-2048x777.jpeg 2048w"}},{logo:w,heading:ay,text:aB,linkUrl:az,externalLink:d,image:{id:aA,alt:a,src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-scaled.jpeg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-150x150.jpeg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-250x250.jpeg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-300x200.jpeg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-768x512.jpeg 768w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-1024x683.jpeg 1024w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2022\u002F02\u002FAdobeStock_152567199-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w"}},{logo:w,heading:aC,text:aF,linkUrl:aD,externalLink:d,image:{id:aE,alt:a,src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F11\u002FNATURAL-CAPITAL-ACCOUNTING_AdobeStock_302239769_Preview-2.jpeg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F11\u002FNATURAL-CAPITAL-ACCOUNTING_AdobeStock_302239769_Preview-2-150x150.jpeg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F11\u002FNATURAL-CAPITAL-ACCOUNTING_AdobeStock_302239769_Preview-2-250x250.jpeg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F11\u002FNATURAL-CAPITAL-ACCOUNTING_AdobeStock_302239769_Preview-2-300x200.jpeg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2021\u002F11\u002FNATURAL-CAPITAL-ACCOUNTING_AdobeStock_302239769_Preview-2-768x512.jpeg 768w"}}]},"2":{mappedNewsArticles:[{id:15262,author:W,blocks:[{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAuthors\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E: Fabiana Spinelli Programme Officer, UNEP-WCMC and Heli Sihvonen, Programme Officer, UNEP-WCMC\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EGlobal trade plays a crucial role in shaping economies. While it has provided opportunities and better income for some, these benefits are unevenly distributed, with consumption regions in the Global North benefiting the most. In addition, these benefits have often been achieved at the cost of negative impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. As a result – in many cases – Indigenous Peoples, local communities, farmers, and rural workers have lost access to vital ecosystem services and faced social conflicts that undermine their overall well-being. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAs unsustainable resource extraction and production practices come under scrutiny, all value chain actors – producers, traders, retailers, brands, and financiers – need to play a role in addressing the negative externalities of trade. With growing regulatory measures and public pressure to enforce social and environmental safeguards, some questions arise: if you benefit from a natural resource or a commodity, should you also take responsibility for its impact? The answer is increasingly clear: yes. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMultidimensional well-being: A framework for understanding social impacts \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile traditional measures of human well-being have focused solely on income, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Ffull\u002F10.1002\u002Fsd.2379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Erecent studies have looked at it in a more comprehensive way\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Understanding the social impacts of resource extraction and production activities requires considering multiple dimensions of well-being, including food and nutrition, health, education, cultural values, and living standards. For instance, in many cases \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS095965262104347X?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Esoy trade has boosted GDP and average income in producing countries. But it has often brought significant social challenges\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, including \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0305750X20304435\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Eland appropriation and heightened community conflicts\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. While income and living standards may improve, intangible aspects like cultural values and freedom of choice often suffer, with limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of sustainable value chain policies to mitigate these issues. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-table\"\u003E\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EJust transitions in the agri-food sector: A focus on cocoa producers in Cameroon\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECocoa production in Cameroon has significant social impacts, both positive and negative, on smallholder farmers. While international trade in cocoa can improve living standards and provide a sense of security, the economic benefits remain disproportionately distributed. Farmers often receive only a small fraction of the final price of chocolate, with most profits retained by manufacturers and retailers. Despite the large export values, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftrade-hub.new-production.wordpress-linode.linode.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F01\u002FThe-Social-Impacts-of-Cocoa-Production.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ecocoa farmers often work below living income levels and get only between 40 to 50% of the world market price and 6% of the price of chocolate paid by final consumers\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003EInitiatives such as training on sustainable agricultural practices, the establishment of cooperatives, and certification schemes like \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fairtrade.org.uk\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFairTrade\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E and \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rainforest-alliance.org\u002Futz\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EUTZ\u002FRainforest Alliance\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E have shown potential to enhance farmer well-being by reducing child labour and improving working conditions. However, these measures alone are insufficient to lift farmers above the poverty line. Sustainable interventions must start from ensuring that a fair price for the produce is paid. Additionally, integrating smallholder voices into policy discussions, as highlighted in the \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=ixyv9qitRHE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Edocumentary A Smallholder's Voice\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, is critical to achieving supply chains that truly respect the well-being of the producer communities.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003C\u002Ftd\u003E\u003C\u002Ftr\u003E\u003C\u002Ftbody\u003E\u003C\u002Ftable\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow business actions can influence different dimensions of well-being\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EBusiness operations can impact human well-being in several ways. Expanding mining activities or commodity production, for example, can displace Indigenous Peoples and local communities from their ancestral lands and territories. That is why corporate sustainability initiatives require careful consideration, particularly of the multiple dimensions of well-being. For instance, well-intentioned, biodiversity offset projects can inadvertently infringe on well-being if local communities are left out of decisions about creating nature reserves for ecological compensation. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAddressing these challenges requires businesses to adopt strategies that integrate environmental and social well-being into their supply chains. How this is done depends on their position in the overall supply chain. A manufacturer has direct control over working conditions in their facilities, while a retailer must navigate the complexities of influencing practices several steps removed from their immediate operations. Their level of direct control shapes how businesses approach their social responsibilities and multiple dimensions of well-being. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-table\"\u003E\u003Ctable\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EA just transition in the mining sector: A focus on Indigenous Peoples\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe mining sector supplies critical raw materials for industries from construction to technology. It generates significant economic growth, boosts GDP and supports community and export-oriented infrastructure. Minerals extracted from the Earth are essential for powering devices such as computers and car batteries, with this demand surging due to the rise in electric vehicles.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003EHowever, the mining sector also causes extensive environmental, social and human-rights damage to Indigenous Peoples, including deforestation and water pollution, with these factors disrupting their cultural and spiritual ties to their land. In regions like the Amazon, mining also fuels land grabbing, violence and the spread of diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBusiness operations and projects are likely to have negative consequences when they proceed with mining projects without meaningful consultation or obtaining \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0301420714000300\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Efree, prior and informed consent (FPIC)\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E. When Indigenous communities are included, they are often treated as stakeholders to be compensated rather than rights-holders or equal partners in decision-making. Recognizing FPIC as a fundamental right, as outlined in the \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fsocial.desa.un.org\u002Fissues\u002Findigenous-peoples\u002Funited-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EUN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E (UNDRIP) is key. Companies can go further in ensuring mining projects are co-developed with these communities. They can also use \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftrade-hub.new-production.wordpress-linode.linode.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F09\u002F202407_TH-Partnerships-for-Landscape-level-Action_05.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Elandscape-level approaches\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, one useful framework to adopt to ensure meaningful engagement.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Ftd\u003E\u003C\u002Ftr\u003E\u003C\u002Ftbody\u003E\u003C\u002Ftable\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHow can business safeguard  human well-being across supply chains? A call to action\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003ETruly addressing the social impacts at extraction sites and across production supply chains requires factoring in broader dimensions of human well-being to business operations and project planning. The path forwards requires companies to move beyond traditional approaches to social responsibility. Better understanding the deep relationships between human communities, the natural environments they inhabit, and associated impacts is an important step. This will include actions to: \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Col\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EIncorporate the interconnectedness between social and environmental issues into nature strategies:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E companies must recognize that social and environmental challenges are deeply interconnected. When production and extraction threaten local ecosystems, it also impacts communities that depend on those natural resources. Addressing these interlinked sustainability questions requires dialogue and collaboration between the environment and social issues experts of sustainability teams. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcapitalscoalition.org\u002Fcapitals-approach\u002Fframeworkintegrated\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EThe Beta Framework for Integrated Decision-making\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by the Capitals Coalition aims to provide a roadmap to navigate this. \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Fol\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Col start=\"2\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAdopt a holistic approach to well-being impacts of supply chains: \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThis means embracing a perspective that places human well-being at the centre of business sustainability strategy – one that not only avoids harm but actively promotes food nutrition, health, education, freedom of choice and cultural values, going beyond pure income measures throughout supply chains. Many companies are already familiar with climate and nature focused initiatives like the Taskforce on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.fsb-tcfd.org\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ETCFD\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) and the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftnfd.global\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ETNFD\u003C\u002Fa\u003E). Addressing human well-being dimensions requires similar attention. One pragmatic step for companies to better understand, monitor and address their impacts on multiple dimensions of well-being is to join the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tisfd.org\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETaskforce on Inequality and Social-related Financial Disclosures\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The TISFD initiative is designed to help companies and financial institutions better understand, measure, report and manage their impacts on social inequalities. \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Fol\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Col start=\"3\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EConduct meaningful consultations and respect Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC):\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Businesses must prioritize meaningful consultations with Indigenous Peoples, local communities and smallholder farmers, treating them as equal partners rather than mere stakeholders. By respecting FPIC, companies can foster long-term well-being, integrate traditional and local knowledge into their strategies and practices, and create solutions that benefit both communities and business operations. To help that process, businesses can use the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Faccountability-framework.org\u002Fuse-the-accountability-framework\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EAccountability Framework\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a roadmap for addressing ecosystem conversion and human rights, which provides FPIC \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Faccountability-framework.org\u002Ffileadmin\u002Fuploads\u002Fafi\u002FDocuments\u002FOperational_Guidance\u002FOG_FPIC-2020-5.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Eoperational guidance.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Fol\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EWorld leaders continue to adopt environmental and social regulations, from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fenvironment.ec.europa.eu\u002Ftopics\u002Fforests\u002Fdeforestation\u002Fregulation-deforestation-free-products_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EEU Deforestation-free regulation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to sustainable socio-economic development commitments under frameworks such as the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fg20.org\u002Fsummit-and-logos\u002F2024-brazil\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EG20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbrics-russia2024.ru\u002Fen\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EBRICS\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. These policies and commitments will impact business operations, so companies must stay attuned to these shifts. By closely monitoring these developments, companies can better align their strategies with the multilateral shift towards multidimensional well-being, just transitions, and inclusive growth, ensuring that they not only comply with new regulations but also actively contribute to environmental and social sustainability goals globally. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAt the upcoming Nature Action Dialogues in March 2025, business and finance leaders will come together with nature experts to accelerate integrated action at the nexus of social and environmental sustainability. Find out more on our web page \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.events-unep-wcmc.org\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EMain image: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.whattookyousolong.org\u002F\"\u003Ewhat took you so long\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]}],categories:[{id:36,name:"Opinion",slug:"opinion"}],date:"2025-02-21T09:00:00",excerpt:"All value chain actors—producers, traders, retailers, brands, and financiers—need to play a role in addressing the negative externalities of trade. ",image:{id:aM,alt:a,src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-scaled.jpg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-150x150.jpg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-250x250.jpg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-300x200.jpg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-768x512.jpg 768w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-1024x683.jpg 1024w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F02\u002FLPR-TRADE-Hub-photo-2048x1366.jpg 2048w"},head:{title:aN,meta:[{hid:j,name:j,content:M},{hid:k,name:k,content:E},{hid:l,name:l,content:aN},{hid:m,name:m,content:N},{hid:n,name:n,content:"http:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fhow-to-safeguard-human-wellbeing-across-supply-chains\u002F"},{hid:o,name:o,content:"All value chain actors—producers, traders, retailers, brands, and financiers—need to play a role in addressing the negative externalities of trade."},{hid:p,name:p,content:O},{hid:q,name:q,content:1740152291},{hid:r,name:r,content:aO},{hid:s,name:s,content:1708},{hid:t,name:t,content:P},{hid:u,name:u,content:aO},{hid:v,name:v,content:V}]},hero:{title:aP,text:a,backgroundImageId:aM,overlayOpacity:x,iconName:a},layout:J,slug:"how-to-safeguard-human-wellbeing-across-supply-chains",status:Q,title:aP,type:X,emailShare:{subject:e,content:e},usefulLinks:e},{id:15003,author:W,blocks:[{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIt is widely acknowledged that the world needs to move away from its dependence on fossil fuels. However, the shift to renewable sources is not without its own environmental and social impacts. Experts at UNEP-WCMC have co-authored a new \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unep.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublication\u002Fcritical-transitions-circularity-equity-and-responsibility-quest-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Eworking paper\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that examines the potential costs of the green energy transition.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAs greenhouse gas emissions continue to warm the planet, we are seeing more and more extreme weather events – from a historic drought in the Amazon, to devastating floods in Spain. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldweatherattribution.org\u002Fwhen-risks-become-reality-extreme-weather-in-2024\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EA recent report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shows that these events reached dangerous new heights in 2024, leading to the deaths of thousands of people and the displacement of millions. Meanwhile, growing desertification and rising sea temperatures are causing irreversible damage to ecosystems and the species that inhabit them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the report notes, these events and phenomena highlight “the urgency of moving away from planet-heating fossil fuels as quickly as possible”. However, at present 80 per cent of global energy and transport systems are still powered by fossil fuels.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe need for an energy transition is clear, and is reflected in the rapid growth of renewable energy industries in recent years (between 2011 and 2023, renewable energy production capacity increased five-fold). However, moving from fossil fuels to these alternative sources is not straightforward; it requires a vast amount of natural resources in order to build and develop the infrastructure. Furthermore, there is a risk of exacerbating existing inequalities: with nearly three-quarters of the world’s population currently lacking access to electricity, we must ensure that people are not left behind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003EThe growth of energy transition materials\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe primary resource needed for the clean energy transition is minerals. There are 26 minerals – among them aluminium, copper, lithium and zinc – deemed critical to green energy technologies such as wind and solar power and electric vehicles. To reach the global goal of net zero by 2050, there would need to be a six-time increase in production of these minerals based on 2022 levels.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are considerable implications for people and planet in this drive for increased production. These have been explored by experts at UNEP-WCMC as part of a new working paper published by UNEP: \u003Cem\u003ECritical Transitions: Circularity, equity, and responsibility in the quest for energy transition minerals\u003C\u002Fem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are the potential issues around increased mineral extraction?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the working paper points out, there are significant hurdles to overcome to meet the unprecedented demand for critical minerals. Distribution of these resources is concentrated in specific regions around the world, and so supply can be vulnerable to trade restrictions and geopolitical tensions. Furthermore, it takes around 16 years on average to fully establish a new mining operation, and this can be much longer as a result of the unpredictable factors outlined above. This raises doubts as to whether it will be feasible to meet demand within the tight timescales required.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother issue is quality: as many of the world’s easily accessible mineral deposits have already been mined, average grades of minerals (that is, the amount of metal within the ore body) are declining. This means that more rock needs to be mined to produce the same amount of metal, which in turn means more energy is used.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond these supply issues, there are pressing concerns about the wider environmental and social impacts of mining processes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003ESome of these are direct and obvious. For example, clearing land for extraction and processing operations destroys wildlife habitats and displaces local communities. Similarly, the chemicals used in processing create air and water pollution which can harm the health of both animal and human populations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are other impacts which may take time to become fully apparent. For example, mining activities can lead to a greater risk of water scarcity in the long-term, which can contribute towards climate instability. As many of the world’s key mining centres already have high water stress levels, such as Chile (a key lithium producer), this can lead to increased aridity and can also be a source of conflict.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FAdobeStock_621641262-1024x768.jpeg\" alt=\"An aerial photo showing a desert with large turquoise and lime green pools laid out in grids\" class=\"wp-image-15005\"\u002F\u003E\u003Cfigcaption\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELithium processing fields in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The so-called ‘Lithium Triangle’, where Chile, Argentina and Bolivia meet, is one of the dryest areas on Earth Image: Adobe Stock\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigcaption\u003E\u003C\u002Ffigure\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe social impacts of critical mineral activities are similarly complex. Often, countries that carry out extraction are not involved in the subsequent processing and manufacturing processes; this means that while they bear the brunt of the negative effects, they actually receive little benefit on an economic level. In addition to this, existing inequalities within local communities may be deepened further by mining activities; for example, the development of new mining projects often leads to a rise in gender-based violence. Women are also disproportionately affected by other impacts such as health issues and social disruption.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe report emphasizes that the impacts from the full mining cycle should be considered, including waste. Waste materials, known as tailings, require long-term management, yet this is rarely considered at the planning stage. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nature.com\u002Farticles\u002Fs41893-023-01251-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EA recent study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that nine per cent of 1,721 disclosed tailings storage facilities around the world are located within protected areas, which could pose serious risks for biodiversity in these regions.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThere remain significant gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed if we are to fully understand the impacts of critical mineral extraction and processing. One specific example highlighted by the paper is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unep.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublication\u002Fdeep-sea-mining\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Edeep sea mining\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – a controversial concept that is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdeep-sea-conservation.org\u002Fsolutions\u002Fno-deep-sea-mining\u002Fmomentum-for-a-moratorium\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Eof great concern to many governments, scientists, non-governmental organizations and Indigenous groups\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. These groups have reservations about the impacts that the practice would have on deep-sea species and ecosystems, and the services they provide, and their ability to recover from such impacts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is no secret that mining is a driver of biodiversity loss around the world, but as this paper shows, the impacts of the industry are multifaceted. In meeting the demand for critical minerals, there is a very real risk that expanded operations will contribute towards climate instability – the very issue they are being extracted to solve –, deepen social divisions and even create conflict.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, this transition also offers a significant opportunity. Through adopting responsible practices when extraction is deemed absolutely necessary, mining activities can support sustainable development and lift local communities out of poverty.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDr Sebastian Dunnett, Senior Programme Officer, UNEP-WCMC\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat can be done?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the challenges may seem daunting, there are ways in which the impacts of the energy transition can be mitigated. There are three key approaches outlined in the working paper:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cem\u003EEfficiency\u003C\u002Fem\u003E – we need to find new ways of working with the materials we have to make them go further. Technology and innovation are essential to this\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECircularity\u003C\u002Fem\u003E – one of the great benefits of energy transition minerals is that they are inherently recyclable. It is important that we take maximum advantage of this to keep these products in the economy as long as possible\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cem\u003EResponsibility\u003C\u002Fem\u003E – this is underpinned by the concept of equity. It is vital that investments in and revenue from mining activities are managed in a responsible way so that local communities within resource-rich countries can benefit fully. The UN Secretary-General’s Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals has put forward \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iisd.org\u002Farticles\u002Fexplainer\u002Funited-nations-principles-resourcing-energy-transition-critical-minerals#:~:text=The%20Guiding%20Principles&text=Justice%20and%20equity%20must%20underpin,must%20be%20responsible%20and%20fair.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003Ea series of guiding principles\u003C\u002Fa\u003E to help countries, investors and businesses safeguard equity in mining projects.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003ETo help put these three approaches into practice, the paper suggests eight ‘Rs’ to be followed for an equitable green transition, such as reducing demand through innovation and efficiency, rethinking systems of consumption and retaining minerals in use.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s clear that the transition to green energy will be challenging; however, it’s important to keep in mind what’s at stake. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.energy-transitions.org\u002Fpublications\u002Fmaterial-and-resource-energy-transition\u002F\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003EResearch by the Energy Transitions Commission\u003C\u002Fa\u003E found that even when conservatively estimating total resource requirements for the shift between now and 2050, the amount is still less than what is used within a single year of burning coal. As the authors of the paper note, the transition offers “a chance to rewrite the legacy of mining”. Through working collaboratively, harnessing new technology and establishing best practices, we can achieve a truly sustainable transition.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ERead the \u003C\u002Fem\u003ECritical Transitions \u003Cem\u003Eworking paper \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.unep.org\u002Fresources\u002Fpublication\u002Fcritical-transitions-circularity-equity-and-responsibility-quest-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Chr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\u002F\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMain image: The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System in California, one of the world’s largest solar thermal plants. There are around 15 critical minerals involved in producing solar energy. Photo by Dennis Schroeder \u002F NREL.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]}],categories:[{id:37,name:"Story",slug:"story"}],date:"2025-01-22T15:02:31",excerpt:aQ,image:{id:aR,alt:"A man cleaning large freestanding solar panels",src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FDennis-Schroeder_NREL_Ivanpah-solar-project_Nipton-CA.jpg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FDennis-Schroeder_NREL_Ivanpah-solar-project_Nipton-CA-150x150.jpg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FDennis-Schroeder_NREL_Ivanpah-solar-project_Nipton-CA-250x250.jpg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FDennis-Schroeder_NREL_Ivanpah-solar-project_Nipton-CA-300x195.jpg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FDennis-Schroeder_NREL_Ivanpah-solar-project_Nipton-CA-768x499.jpg 768w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2025\u002F01\u002FDennis-Schroeder_NREL_Ivanpah-solar-project_Nipton-CA-1024x665.jpg 1024w"},head:{title:aS,meta:[{hid:j,name:j,content:M},{hid:k,name:k,content:E},{hid:l,name:l,content:aS},{hid:m,name:m,content:N},{hid:n,name:n,content:"http:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fthe-green-energy-transition-and-mining\u002F"},{hid:o,name:o,content:aQ},{hid:p,name:p,content:O},{hid:q,name:q,content:1737558152},{hid:r,name:r,content:aT},{hid:s,name:s,content:1330},{hid:t,name:t,content:P},{hid:u,name:u,content:aT},{hid:v,name:v,content:2048}]},hero:{title:aU,text:a,backgroundImageId:aR,overlayOpacity:x,iconName:a},layout:J,slug:"the-green-energy-transition-and-mining",status:Q,title:aU,type:X,emailShare:{subject:e,content:e},usefulLinks:e},{id:14469,author:W,blocks:[{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EUNEP-WCMC experts lead chapters on policy options and biodiversity finance in landmark Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) Nexus Report.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EEnvironmental, social and economic crises – such as biodiversity loss, water and food insecurity, health risks and climate change – are all interconnected. Effective solutions do not attempt to solve each issue independently, instead they holistically address the linkages between problems. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EA landmark new report was launched today by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The Assessment Report on the Interlinkages Among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health – known as the Nexus Report – offers decision-makers around the world the most comprehensive scientific assessment ever undertaken of these complex interconnections and explores dozens of specific response options to maximize co-benefits from action across five ‘nexus elements’: biodiversity, water, food, health and climate change. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EApproved on Monday 16 December by the 11th session of the IPBES Plenary, composed of representatives of the 147 Governments that are members of IPBES, the report is the product of three years of work by 165 leading international experts from 57 countries across all regions of the world. It finds that existing actions to address these challenges fail to tackle the complexity of interlinked problems and result in inconsistent governance. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EUNEP-WCMC experts\u003Cs\u003E,\u003C\u002Fs\u003E Samantha Hill, James Vause and Sebastian Dunnett attended the Plenary session as authors on two chapters of the assessment, focused on response options for different stakeholders, and on the wider economic considerations related to nature. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“Biodiversity loss, water scarcity, food security, human health, and climate change are not isolated issues. They are indivisible, interrelated and interdependent. As they are intricately linked when one falters, the others follow. The IPBES Nexus Assessment is the first comprehensive global assessment that looks at the interlinkages between these crises and identifies solutions”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Ccite\u003EInger Anderson, Executive Director, United Nations Environment Programme\u003C\u002Fcite\u003E\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPast and current challenges\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe report states that biodiversity is declining at every level from global to local, and across every region. These ongoing declines in nature, driven by human activity have direct and dire impacts on food security and nutrition, water quality and availability, health and wellbeing outcomes, resilience to climate change and almost all of nature’s other contributions to people. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Nexus Report builds on previous IPBES reports, in particular the 2022 Values Assessment Report and the 2019 Global Assessment Report, which identified the most important direct drivers of biodiversity loss as being land- and sea-use change, unsustainable exploitation, invasive alien species, climate change and pollution. The Nexus Report further underscores how indirect socioeconomic drivers, such as increasing waste, overconsumption and population growth, intensify the direct drivers – worsening impacts on all parts of the nexus. The majority of 12 assessed indicators across these indirect drivers – such as GDP, population levels and overall food supply, have all increased and many have accelerated since 2001. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe report highlights that more than half of global gross domestic product – over USD 50 trillion of annual economic activity around the world – is moderately to highly dependent on nature. Companies depend on benefits from nature. Without them, they would be unable to operate, however, their dependencies and impacts on biodiversity are not always accounted for. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe report highlights estimates that the unaccounted-for impacts of economic activity are in the range of USD 10-25 trillion per year. The existence of such unaccounted-for costs, alongside direct public subsidies to economic activities that have negative impacts on biodiversity (approximately USD 1.7 trillion per year), enhances private financial incentives to invest in economic activities that cause direct damage to nature (approximately USD 5.3 trillion per year), in spite of growing evidence of biophysical risks to economic progress and financial stability. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EUNEP-WCMC Lead Economist James Vause provides an economic overview in Chapter 6 of the Nexus assessment, highlighting the importance of transformative policy on issues such as subsidy reform and biodiversity finance to enable action. Delaying the actions needed to meet global policy goals for nature and people will also increase the costs of delivering it. Delayed action on biodiversity goals, for example, could as much as double costs – and raises the probability of irreplaceable losses such as species extinctions, or ecosystem collapse. Delayed action on climate change adds at least USD 500 billion per year in additional costs for meeting policy targets. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnequal impacts and need for inclusive decision-making\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe highest impacts from declines in biodiversity, water availability, food security, increases in health risks and negative effects of climate change affect developing countries, including small island developing states, Indigenous Peoples and local communities, as well as those in vulnerable situations in higher-income countries. Over 40 per cent of people live in areas that saw extremely strong declines in biodiversity between 2000 and 2010, nine per cent in areas that have experienced very high health burdens and five per cent in areas with high levels of malnutrition. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003ESome efforts – such as research and innovation, education and environmental regulations – have been partially successful in improving trends across nexus elements, but the report finds these are unlikely to succeed without addressing interlinkages more fully and tackling indirect drivers like trade and consumption. Decision-making that is more inclusive, with a particular focus on equity, can help ensure those most affected are included in solutions, in addition to larger economic and financial reforms. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFuture scenarios\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Nexus report also examines future challenges – assessing 186 different scenarios from 52 separate studies, which explore interactions between three or more of the nexus elements, mostly covering the periods up to 2050 and 2100. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EA key message from this analysis is that if current “business as usual” trends in direct and indirect drivers of change continue, the outcomes will be extremely poor for biodiversity, water quality and human health – with worsening climate change and increasing challenges to meet global policy goals. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EAn important aim of IPBES work is to provide the science and evidence needed to support achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the Paris Agreement on climate change. The Nexus Report shows that scenarios focusing on synergies among biodiversity, water, food, health and climate change have the best likely outcomes for the SDGs – and that focusing on addressing the challenges in just one sector – such as food, biodiversity or climate change in isolation – seriously limits the chances of meeting other goals. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResponse options\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe report shows that there are a significant number of available responses to sustainably manage across biodiversity, water, food, health and climate change, some of which are also low cost. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe authors present more than 70 of these ‘response options’ to help manage the nexus elements synergistically, representing 10 broad categories of action. These are expanded on in Chapter 5, led by UNEP-WCMC's Principal Scientist and Head of Science Samantha Hill, in collaboration with Senior Programme Officer Sebastian Dunnett. Their contributions to the report focus on the integral role of biodiversity in all parts of the nexus, and the inclusion of a variety of stakeholders in solution-making, including Indigenous Peoples and local communities. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe more than 70 response options presented in the report, taken together, support the achievement of all 17 SDGs, all 23 targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the long-term goals for climate change mitigation and adaptation of the Paris Agreement. Twenty-four of the response options advance more than five SDGs and over five of the Global Biodiversity Framework targets. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EImplementing response options together or in sequence can further improve their positive impacts and achieve cost savings. Ensuring inclusive participation, such as including Indigenous Peoples and local communities in the co-design, governance and implementation of response options, can also increase the benefits and equity of these measures. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Ch2\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENexus governance approaches and action\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EThe report offers a series of eight steps to help policymakers, communities, civil society and other stakeholders identify problems and shared values in order to work together towards solutions for just and sustainable futures – presented as a graphical road map for nexus action. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003ESpeaking about the immediate relevance and value of the report, Dr David Obura, Chair of IPBES, said: \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cblockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“The past two months have seen three separate major global negotiations – COP16 of both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention to Combat Desertification, as well as COP29 of the climate Convention. Together with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and SDGs, it is clear that the Governments of the world are working harder than ever before to address the global challenges – grounded in the environmental crises – that confront us all. The Nexus Report helps to better inform all of these actions, policies and decisions, particularly in addressing their interlinkages, and the greater benefits achieved by devising integrated solutions at all scales. I would like to thank and congratulate the co-chairs, authors and everyone who has contributed to this tremendously complex and important assessment process.” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fblockquote\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003EWith the approval of the Nexus Report by the IPBES Plenary, the most important next step is that its findings are used across government and with other stakeholders at all levels. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]},{name:b,props:{template:"\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMain image: photo by Kiara Worth, IISD\u002FENB\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"},children:[]}],categories:[{id:12,name:"News",slug:R}],date:"2024-12-17T16:08:03",excerpt:"A landmark new report assesses the complex interconnections across five ‘nexus elements’: biodiversity, water, food, health and climate change",image:{id:aV,alt:"UN Office for Partnerships\nPlenary Session, #IPBES11, Flag\nUN Office for Partnerships.#IPBES11 Day 1 – 10 Dec 2024",src:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-scaled.jpg",srcset:"https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-150x150.jpg 150w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-250x250.jpg 250w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-300x200.jpg 300w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-768x512.jpg 768w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-1024x683.jpg 1024w,https:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fcontent\u002F\u002Fuploads\u002F2024\u002F12\u002FENB_IPBES11_10Dec24_KiaraWorth-100-2048x1365.jpg 2048w"},head:{title:aW,meta:[{hid:j,name:j,content:M},{hid:k,name:k,content:E},{hid:l,name:l,content:aW},{hid:m,name:m,content:N},{hid:n,name:n,content:"http:\u002F\u002Fproduction-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org\u002Fipbes-nexus-assessment\u002F"},{hid:o,name:o,content:"A landmark new report was launched today by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). 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