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command</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Air Force Systems Command</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg/300px-Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg/450px-Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg/600px-Two_Lockheed-Boeing-General_Dynamics_YF-22s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1439" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lockheed-Boeing-General Dynamics YF-22 Advanced Tactical Fighters, 1990. The YF-22 was the last major weapons system delivered to Air Force Systems Command prior to its inactivation and merger into <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1 February 1950 – 1 July 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Major Command</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data">Baltimore, Maryland (1950–1958) <br /><a href="/wiki/Andrews_Air_Force_Base" title="Andrews Air Force Base">Andrews Air Force Base</a>, Maryland (1958–92)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">AFSC</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Emblem of Air Force Systems Command (1961–1992)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_-_Systems_Command.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USAF_-_Systems_Command.png/125px-USAF_-_Systems_Command.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USAF_-_Systems_Command.png/188px-USAF_-_Systems_Command.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/USAF_-_Systems_Command.png/250px-USAF_-_Systems_Command.png 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="2030" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Emblem of Air Research and Development Command (1950–1961)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png/125px-Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png/188px-Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png/250px-Air_Research_and_Development_Command_-_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Air Force Systems Command</b> (<b>AFSC</b>) is an inactive <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Command">Major Command</a>. It was established in April 1951, being split off from <a href="/wiki/Air_Materiel_Command" title="Air Materiel Command">Air Materiel Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mission of AFSC was Research and Development for new weapons systems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AFSC took on engineering functions which formerly resided in the Air Materiel Command (AMC), the Army Air Forces Technical Service Command (TSC), and the Air Technical Service Command (ATSC) as a separate research and development command in 1950. It incorporated <a href="/wiki/Air_Proving_Ground_Command" title="Air Proving Ground Command">Air Proving Ground Command</a> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 July 1992, AFSC and <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Logistics_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Logistics Command">Air Force Logistics Command</a> were merged to form the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a>, located at <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the reorganization of 1961, Air Force Systems Command acquired the materiel procurement function from <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Logistics_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Logistics Command">Air Force Logistics Command</a>. It was re-integrated with Air Force Logistics Command in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of Air Force Systems Command date at least to the establishment of the Airplane Engineering Department by the Chief Signal Officer, U.S. Army, on 13 October 1917 at <a href="/wiki/McCook_Field" title="McCook Field">McCook Field</a>, Ohio. Re-designated the Engineering Division of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a> in March 1919, this organization carried out the research, development and testing of military aircraft, engines, airships and accessories. Renamed the Materiel Division of the newly established <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> in October 1926, it undertook the procurement, supply and maintenance activities of Army aviation.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg/220px-Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg/330px-Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg/440px-Bell_P-59_Airacomet_060913-F-1234P-013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>Bell P-59A (S/N 44-22609, the first United States jet fighter) and a <a href="/wiki/P-63_Kingcobra" class="mw-redirect" title="P-63 Kingcobra">P-63 Kingcobra</a> (S/N 42-69417) in flight, 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>American aviation development fell behind its European rivals after the mid-1930s when Germany started a continental arms race. The threat of war at the decade's end began to change the situation. During the late 1930s American industry spent over $100 million annually on aviation research. University grants grew and military personnel enrollment in science courses increased. Leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a> (AAF) were alarmed by many of the new weapons that would revolutionize air warfare which had emerged from foreign laboratories. Radar, jet aircraft (<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">Messerschmitt Me 262</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_103" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieseler Fi 103">Fieseler Fi 103 (V-1 flying bomb)</a>) and ballistic missiles (<a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a>) had all either originated or been perfected outside the United States. Congress greatly increased funds for R&D. Subsequently, the engineering function resided in the Materiel Command, the AAF Technical Service Command, the Air Technical Service Command, and the Air Materiel Command.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuck_Yeager.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chuck_Yeager.jpg/220px-Chuck_Yeager.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chuck_Yeager.jpg/330px-Chuck_Yeager.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chuck_Yeager.jpg/440px-Chuck_Yeager.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption>Chuck Yeager next to experimental aircraft Bell X-1 No. 1 Glamorous Glennis, 1947</figcaption></figure> <p>The war had shown the destructiveness of aerial attack and made Arnold an aggressive advocate for aeronautical research. On 7 November 1944, <a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Arnold" title="Henry H. Arnold">General Henry H. "Hap" Arnold</a>, Commanding General of the Army Air Forces, directed the AAF Scientific Advisory Group (SAG) to study the technological achievements of America's wartime allies and provide a blueprint for large-scale research and development of science and advanced technology for the Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the Army Air Forces needed to achieve independence, which it did on 18 September 1947, with its transition into an independent <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>. Also, the role of the Air Force in the postwar world had to be defined. The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_K._Finletter" title="Thomas K. Finletter">1948 Finletter Commission</a> published its report, <i>Survival in the Air Age</i>, in January 1948. It set forth a new concept of airpower, i.e., a powerful peacetime force able to counter any enemy air attack. The Finletter Report inspired a group of senior USAF officers with backgrounds in engineering and related fields to analyze the existing R&D organization. Their findings, and the salesmanship of Generals <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle" title="Jimmy Doolittle">Jimmy Doolittle</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Putt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Putt (page does not exist)">Donald Putt</a>, convinced Air Force Chief of Staff General <a href="/wiki/Hoyt_S._Vandenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoyt S. Vandenberg">Hoyt S. Vandenberg</a> to put the R&D mission on a more equal footing with the operational Air Force. Accordingly, and in the face of intense Air Staff opposition, on 23 January 1950, the Research and Development Command (RDC) came into being. Eight months later it was re-designated the <b>Air Research and Development Command</b> (ARDC) as a separate organization devoted strictly to research and development.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cold_War">Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg/222px-Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg/333px-Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg/444px-Boeing_NB-52A_carrying_X-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>Boeing B-52B Stratofortress carrying the North American X-15 Rocket Plane taking off from Edwards AFB, California</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg/222px-USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg/333px-USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg/444px-USAF_Boeing_KC-135R_Stratotanker_00320.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3351" data-file-height="2593" /></a><figcaption>Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, the first jet-powered refueling tanker aircraft which was developed to replace the aging <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter</a> tanker aircraft and in-order to adjust with the modern day jet-engine aircraft for <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">mid-air refueling</a> purpose. </figcaption></figure> <p>Research and Development Command was redesignated the <a href="/wiki/Air_Research_and_Development_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Research and Development Command">Air Research and Development Command</a> (ARDC) on 16 September 1950, and the <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Engineering_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Engineering Development Center">Arnold Engineering Development Center</a> was dedicated by President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> on 25 June 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1950s, the new command began to make its mark. ARDC developed many ambitious aircraft and missile prototypes. Among the successes of this period were the <a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">North American F-86 Sabre</a> swept wing fighter, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">Boeing B-52 Stratofortress</a> intercontinental bomber, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker</a> jet-powered refueling tanker aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Lockheed C-130 Hercules</a> turboprop transport and the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_U-2" title="Lockheed U-2">Lockheed U-2</a> very high-altitude strategic reconnaissance aircraft. In addition, ARDC played a major contribution in the development of <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">Intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> (ICBMs), which became a priority after the world learned that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had detonated a <a href="/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon" title="Thermonuclear weapon">thermonuclear (hydrogen) bomb</a> on 23 August 1953. A crash program was employed which developed America's first ICBM (the <a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">SM-65D Atlas</a>), that became operational in 1959. In terms of importance, resources, and success, the ICBM program was rivaled only by the famed <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/AIMACO" title="AIMACO">AIMACO</a></b>, the "Supply Control Command compiler" for<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i><b>Ai</b></i>r <i><b>Ma</b></i>teriel <i><b>Co</b></i>mmand, began circa 1959 with the definition of a <a href="/wiki/High_level_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="High level programming language">high level programming language</a> influenced by the <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC" title="UNIVAC">UNIVAC Flow-Matic</a> and <a href="/wiki/COMTRAN" title="COMTRAN">COMTRAN</a> programming languages. The draft AIMACO language definition was developed by an AMC-chaired committee of industry representatives from <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Steel">United States Steel</a>, and AMC Programming Services. AIMACO had two compilers specified/designed (never produced), and AMC originally intended all programming for AMC systems would be in AIMACO and compiled on a UNIVAC at the AMC headquarters at Wright-Patterson AFB for operation on UNIVAC or IBM computers. An alternative compiler was designed by AMC Programming Services to compile systems on IBM computers for operation on IBM computers. AIMACO, along with FLOW-MATIC and COMTRAN, influenced development of the <a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a> programming language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg/220px-Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg/330px-Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg/440px-Atlas_missiles_on_alert_at_Vandenberg_Air_Force_Base_-_1960.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Atlas missiles on alert at Vandenberg Air Force Base – 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>The Atlas program led to the belief that the entire responsibility for deploying new weapons systems – from research, development and testing through procurement and production – should be vested in one command, rather than split between Air Materiel Command (AMC) and ARDC. It was the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s launch of <a href="/wiki/Sputnik_1" title="Sputnik 1">Sputnik 1</a> in October 1957 that greatly influenced HQ USAF and ARDC thinking. The <a href="/wiki/Guyford_Stever" title="Guyford Stever">Stever Report</a>, completed in June 1958, which proposed a new Air Force command for weapons acquisition. With this report and a realization of DoD's desire to assign the military space mission to the Air Force, the Air Force won the approval of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._McNamara" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert S. McNamara">Robert S. McNamara</a> in 1961 for a new major command.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the reorganization and re-designation actions of 1961, Air Materiel Command was re-designated <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Logistics_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Logistics Command">Air Force Logistics Command</a> (AFLC) while Air Research and Development Command, gaining responsibility for weapon system acquisition, was re-designated <b>Air Force Systems Command</b> (AFSC) under General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Schriever" title="Bernard Schriever">Bernard Schriever</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennedy Administration">Kennedy Administration</a>, Secretary McNamara instituted powerful centralization tools in acquisition such as the <a href="/wiki/Total_Package_Procurement" title="Total Package Procurement">Total Package Procurement</a> concept (TPP). This system shifted many major program management functions to the Pentagon. Stressing computer modeling, concurrency, and paper competitions among the contractors, TPP sharply curtailed the flexibility of Systems Command program managers. Cost overruns and serious technical difficulties in such TPP programs as the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">Lockheed C-5 Galaxy</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111_Aardvark" title="General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark">General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark</a> lead to drastic changes in DoD acquisition practices. In 1970, Deputy Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/David_Packard" title="David Packard">David Packard</a> revised many McNamara policies. He decentralized the acquisition system and reemphasized prototyping in weapons development.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_era_and_aftermath">Vietnam era and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Vietnam era and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg/220px-410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg/330px-410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg/440px-410th_Flight_Test_Squadron_-_F-117_Formation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>F-117 Nighthawk stealth fighters</figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> dominated the late 1960s and early 1970s, AFSC focused on quick solutions to the needs of operational units in the Southeast Asia (SEA) war zone. Areas such as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">Electronic warfare</a> (ECM) (<a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">Douglas EB-66 Destroyer</a>) were greatly expanded in response to the <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnamese" class="mw-redirect" title="North Vietnamese">North Vietnamese</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">Surface-to-air missile</a> (SAM) air defense systems. The modification of transports (<a href="/wiki/AC-130_Hercules" class="mw-redirect" title="AC-130 Hercules">AC-130 Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/AC-119_Flying_Boxcar" class="mw-redirect" title="AC-119 Flying Boxcar">AC-119 Flying Boxcar</a>) into gunships, improved reconnaissance sensors, the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program" title="Defense Meteorological Satellite Program">Defense Meteorological Satellite Program</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forward_Looking_Infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward Looking Infrared">Forward Looking Infrared</a> Sensors (FLIR), and <a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_munition" title="Precision-guided munition">Precision-guided munitions</a> all represented significant AFSC contributions to Air Force operations in Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sustained growth of Soviet power after the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> challenged the entire spectrum of U.S. military capabilities. These factors led to a new wave of Air Force weapons development beginning in the late 1960s. Systems Command found itself managing a broad array of new tactical and strategic programs including the <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-15_Eagle" title="McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle">McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon</a> fighters, the <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Republic_A-10_Thunderbolt_II" title="Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II">Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II</a> ground support aircraft, the <a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">LGM-118 Peacekeeper</a>, the <a href="/wiki/AGM-86_ALCM" title="AGM-86 ALCM">AGM-86</a> (air) and <a href="/wiki/BGM-109G_Ground_Launched_Cruise_Missile" title="BGM-109G Ground Launched Cruise Missile">BGM-109</a> (ground) cruise missiles, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry" title="Boeing E-3 Sentry">Boeing E-3 Sentry</a> Airborne Warning and Control System, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">Boeing C-17 Globemaster III</a> transport, the <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer" title="Rockwell B-1 Lancer">Rockwell B-1 Lancer</a> bomber, and a new generation of orbiting <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_satellite" title="Reconnaissance satellite">Reconnaissance satellites</a>. These programs were the main activities of AFSC during the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Reagan_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Administration">Reagan Administration</a>'s military buildup during the 1980s, the pace and scope of Air Force acquisition again escalated. Now the focus centered on the modernization of strategic systems which had atrophied during the Vietnam era and afterward. But increased activity and defense spending brought acquisition reform issues to the forefront. Cost, schedule, and quality problems troubled some major weapons programs.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media stories about spare parts overpricing and questionable contractor overhead charges created a national sensation. This negative publicity, coupled with soaring federal deficits and reductions in domestic spending, contributed by the middle of the decade to a political backlash against Ronald Reagan's military programs. The situation gave enormous political impetus to reductions of defense spending and an overhaul of the nation's military establishment, including its weapons acquisition practices. AFSC led the way for acquisition improvements with greater reliance on multi-year contracting to stabilize weapons programs and increased investment in modernization programs for the defense industrial base.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 April 1984 the vice-commander of AFSC, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Bond" title="Robert M. Bond">Robert M. Bond</a>, was killed during a retirement visit to the <a href="/wiki/6513th_Test_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="6513th Test Squadron">6513th Test Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Groom_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Groom Lake">Groom Lake</a> while flying a <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-23" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23</a> at over Mach 2.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this turbulent period, new and updated weapons systems continued to join the USAF. The B-1B Lancer was delivered to SAC in record time, though with significant problems that would hamper its service career for some time.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stealth technology found its way to the ramps in the form of the <a href="/wiki/F-117_Nighthawk" class="mw-redirect" title="F-117 Nighthawk">F-117 Nighthawk</a> fighter-bomber and the <a href="/wiki/B-2_Spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="B-2 Spirit">B-2 Spirit</a> bomber. After the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a>, AFSC helped restore the nation's space launch capability by quickly making available a family of new <a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Expendable launch vehicles">expendable launch vehicles</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">Delta II</a>. Major gains were made in operational readiness rates through the Reliability and Maintainability (R&M) 2000 program.<sup id="cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inactivation">Inactivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Inactivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the 1992 reorganization of the Air Force, the functions of AFSC and <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Logistics_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Logistics Command">Air Force Logistics Command</a> (AFLC) were once again merged into the new <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> (AFMC).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lineage">Lineage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Established as <b>Research and Development Command</b> on 23 January 1950<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd>Organized as a major command on 1 February 1950</dd> <dd>Re-designated: <b>Air Research and Development Command</b> on 16 September 1950</dd> <dd>Re-designated: <b>Air Force Systems Command</b> on 1 April 1961</dd> <dd>Inactivated on 1 July 1992.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assignments">Assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Materiel_Command" title="Air Materiel Command">Air Materiel Command</a>, 23 January 1950<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States Air Force, 1 February 1950 – 1 July 1992</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations">Stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Baltimore, Maryland, 23 January 1950<sup id="cite_ref-AFHRA_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrews_Air_Force_Base" title="Andrews Air Force Base">Andrews Air Force Base</a>, Maryland, 24 January 1958 – 1 July 1992.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_bases_and_major_units">Command bases and major units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Command bases and major units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooks AFB">Brooks AFB</a>, Texas, 1 November 1961 – 1 July 1992<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>USAF Aerospace Medical Center</dd> <dd>Museum of Flight Medicine</dd> <dd>USAF Human Resources Laboratory</dd> <dd>USAF Medical Service Center</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwards AFB">Edwards AFB</a>, California, 2 April 1951 – 1 July 1992</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Flight_Test_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Flight Test Center">USAF Flight Test Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Test_Pilot_School" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Test Pilot School">USAF Test Pilot School</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Rocket_Propulsion_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Rocket Propulsion Laboratory">USAF Rocket Propulsion Laboratory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/412th_Test_Wing" title="412th Test Wing">412th Test Wing</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eglin_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglin AFB">Eglin AFB</a>, Florida, 1 December 1957 – 1 July 1992</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Armament_Development_Test_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Armament Development Test Center">USAF Armament Development Test Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/3246th_Test_Wing" title="3246th Test Wing">3246th Test Wing</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Griffiss_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Griffiss AFB">Griffiss AFB</a>, New York, 2 April 1951 – 1 July 1954</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rome_Air_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Air Development Center">Rome Air Development Center</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandenberg AFB">Vandenberg AFB</a>, California, 21 June 1957 – 1 January 1958</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1st_Strategic_Aerospace_Division" title="1st Strategic Aerospace Division">1st Strategic Aerospace Division</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hickam_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickam AFB">Hickam AFB</a>, Hawaii</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/6594th_Test_Group" title="6594th Test Group">6594th Test Group</a> - satellite photo recovery</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanscom_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanscom AFB">Hanscom AFB</a>, Massachusetts, 1 August 1951 – 1 July 1992</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>USAF Cambridge Research Center</dd> <dd>USAF Command and Control Development Division</dd> <dd>USAF Geophysics Laboratory</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Systems_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Systems Division">Electronic Systems Division</a></dd> <dd>USAF Computer Acquisition Center</dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holloman_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Holloman AFB">Holloman AFB</a>, New Mexico, 2 April 1951 – 1 January 1971</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Missile_Development_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Missile Development Center">USAF Missile Development Center</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirtland AFB">Kirtland AFB</a>, New Mexico, 1 April 1952 – 1 July 1977</li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Special_Weapons_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Special Weapons Center">USAF Special Weapons Center</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/USAF_Research_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF Research Laboratory">USAF Research Laboratory</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1211th_Test_Squadron" title="1211th Test Squadron">4900th Air Base Wing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4925th_Test_Group" title="4925th Test Group">4925th Test Group</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick AFB">Patrick AFB</a>, Florida, 14 May 1951 – 1 October 1991 <ul><li>Includes <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</a>, Florida</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Eastern_Test_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Eastern Test Range">Air Force Eastern Test Range</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/6555th_Aerospace_Test_Group" title="6555th Aerospace Test Group">6555th Aerospace Test Group</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Space_and_Missile_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Space and Missile Center">Eastern Space and Missile Center</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanders_of_Air_Force_Systems_Command">Commanders of Air Force Systems Command</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commanders of Air Force Systems Command"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>No. </th> <th>Image </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Tenure </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg/80px-General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg/120px-General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg/160px-General_Bernard_A_Schriever.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Bernard_A._Schriever" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard A. Schriever">Bernard A. Schriever</a> </td> <td>1961–1966 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_James_Ferguson,_color_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gen_James_Ferguson%2C_color_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Gen_James_Ferguson%2C_color_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gen_James_Ferguson%2C_color_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Gen_James_Ferguson%2C_color_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Gen_James_Ferguson%2C_color_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Gen_James_Ferguson%2C_color_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2193" data-file-height="2769" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/James_Ferguson_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Ferguson (general)">James Ferguson</a> </td> <td>1966–1970 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GEN_George_Brown.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/GEN_George_Brown.JPG/80px-GEN_George_Brown.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/GEN_George_Brown.JPG/120px-GEN_George_Brown.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/GEN_George_Brown.JPG/160px-GEN_George_Brown.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="2514" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown" title="George Scratchley Brown">George S. Brown</a> </td> <td>1970–1973 </td> <td> <ul><li>Commander, <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh Air Force</a>, 1968–1970.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force</a> (CSAF), 1973–1974.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> (CJCS), 1974–1978.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips,_color_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips%2C_color_portrait.jpg/80px-Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips%2C_color_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips%2C_color_portrait.jpg/120px-Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips%2C_color_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips%2C_color_portrait.jpg/160px-Gen_Samuel_C._Phillips%2C_color_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Phillips" title="Samuel C. Phillips">Samuel C. Phillips</a> </td> <td>1973–1975 </td> <td> <ul><li>Director of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo Human Lunar Landing Program</a>, 1964 - 1969.</li> <li>Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Space_and_Missile_Systems_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Space and Missile Systems Center">Space and Missile Systems Organization</a> (SAMSO), 1969 - 1972.</li> <li>Director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_National_Security_Agency" title="Director of the National Security Agency">DIRNSA</a>), 1972–1973.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_William_J._Evans,_AFSC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gen_William_J._Evans%2C_AFSC.jpg/80px-Gen_William_J._Evans%2C_AFSC.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gen_William_J._Evans%2C_AFSC.jpg/120px-Gen_William_J._Evans%2C_AFSC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gen_William_J._Evans%2C_AFSC.jpg/160px-Gen_William_J._Evans%2C_AFSC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_J._Evans_(general)" title="William J. Evans (general)">William J. Evans</a> </td> <td>1975–1977 </td> <td> <ul><li>Commander in Chief, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces in Europe">U.S. Air Forces in Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_USAFE" title="List of commanders of USAFE">CINCUSAFE</a>), 1977–1978.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_Lew_Allen,_color_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gen_Lew_Allen%2C_color_portrait.jpg/80px-Gen_Lew_Allen%2C_color_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gen_Lew_Allen%2C_color_portrait.jpg/120px-Gen_Lew_Allen%2C_color_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Gen_Lew_Allen%2C_color_portrait.jpg/160px-Gen_Lew_Allen%2C_color_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Lew_Allen" title="Lew Allen">Lew Allen</a> </td> <td>1977–1978 </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force</a> (VCSAF), 1978.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force</a> (CSAF), 1978–1982.</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alton_D_Slay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alton_D_Slay.jpg/80px-Alton_D_Slay.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alton_D_Slay.jpg/120px-Alton_D_Slay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alton_D_Slay.jpg/160px-Alton_D_Slay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Alton_D._Slay" title="Alton D. Slay">Alton D. Slay</a> </td> <td>1978–1981 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marsh_rt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Marsh_rt.jpg/80px-Marsh_rt.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Marsh_rt.jpg/120px-Marsh_rt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Marsh_rt.jpg/160px-Marsh_rt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Marsh" title="Robert T. Marsh">Robert T. Marsh</a> </td> <td>1981–1984 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg/80px-Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg/120px-Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg/160px-Lawrence_A_Skantze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_A._Skantze" title="Lawrence A. Skantze">Lawrence A. Skantze</a> </td> <td>1984–1987 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernard_P_Randolph_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bernard_P_Randolph_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/80px-Bernard_P_Randolph_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bernard_P_Randolph_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/120px-Bernard_P_Randolph_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bernard_P_Randolph_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/160px-Bernard_P_Randolph_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2156" data-file-height="2672" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Bernard_P._Randolph" title="Bernard P. Randolph">Bernard P. Randolph</a> </td> <td>1987–1990 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg/80px-Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg/120px-Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg/160px-Gen_Ronald_W._Yates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ronald_W._Yates" title="Ronald W. Yates">Ronald W. Yates</a> </td> <td>1990–1992 </td> <td> <ul><li>Commander, <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">Air Force Materiel Command</a> (COMAFMC), 1992–1995.</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afhra.af.mil/">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AFHRA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFHRA_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10956">the original</a> on 19 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Systems+Command+Factsheet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet.asp%3Fid%3D10956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+Force+Systems+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFSCHIST-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AFSCHIST_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Air Force Systems Command, Delivering The Future (1989). Compiled by Lt. Col. Beverly S. Follis, USAFR HQ AFSC/Office of History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.t-g.com/story/1109632.html">"Shelbyville Times-Gazette: Local News: AEDC assisted shuttle's return to flight (07/13/05)"</a>. <i>Shelbyville Times-Gazette</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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National Bureau of Standards. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/73601243">73601243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+CODASYL&rft.btitle=CODASYL+COBOL+Journal+of+Development&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1969-07&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F73601243&rft.au=CODASYL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcodasylcoboljour00conf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+Force+Systems+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2012" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Steve (1 January 2012). <i>Red Eagles: America's Secret MiGs</i>. Osprey Publishing. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1849088404" title="Special:BookSources/978-1849088404"><bdi>978-1849088404</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Eagles%3A+America%27s+Secret+MiGs&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1849088404&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+Force+Systems+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">World Air Power Journal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130219035751/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10956">"AFHRA Air Force Systems Command"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10956">the original</a> on 19 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFHRA+Air+Force+Systems+Command&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet.asp%3Fid%3D10956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAir+Force+Systems+Command" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6">0-912799-53-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-16-002261-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-16-002261-4">0-16-002261-4</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&oldid=1201089891">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_Force_Systems_Command&oldid=1201089891</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:Major commands of the United States Air Force">Major commands of the United States Air Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1950" title="Category:Military units and formations established in 1950">Military units and formations established in 1950</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1950 establishments in the United States">1950 establishments in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1992_disestablishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1992 disestablishments in the United States">1992 disestablishments in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Logistics_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:Logistics units and formations of the United States Air Force">Logistics units and formations of the United States Air Force</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_research_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military research of the United States">Military research of the United States</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_December_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from December 2019">Use dmy dates from December 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 January 2024, at 22:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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