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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A_more_detailed_look_at_the_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_more_detailed_look_at_the_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>A more detailed look at the organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_more_detailed_look_at_the_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duplicates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duplicates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Duplicates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duplicates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-What_a_Big5_code_actually_encodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#What_a_Big5_code_actually_encodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>What a Big5 code actually encodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-What_a_Big5_code_actually_encodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Matching_SBCS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Matching_SBCS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>The Matching SBCS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Matching_SBCS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Extensions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Extensions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Extensions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vendor_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vendor_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vendor extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vendor_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ETen_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ETen_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>ETen extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ETen_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_code_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_code_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Microsoft code pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_code_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IBM_code_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IBM_code_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>IBM code pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IBM_code_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ChinaSea_font" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ChinaSea_font"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>ChinaSea font</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ChinaSea_font-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-'Sakura'_font" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#'Sakura'_font"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>'Sakura' font</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-'Sakura'_font-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode-at-on" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode-at-on"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.6</span> <span>Unicode-at-on</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-at-on-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OPG" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OPG"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.7</span> <span>OPG</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OPG-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_extensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_extensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Official extensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_extensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taiwan_Ministry_of_Education_font" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan_Ministry_of_Education_font"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Taiwan Ministry of Education font</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan_Ministry_of_Education_font-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan_Council_of_Agriculture_font" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan_Council_of_Agriculture_font"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Taiwan Council of Agriculture font</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan_Council_of_Agriculture_font-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Big5+" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Big5+"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Big5+</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Big5+-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Big-5E" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Big-5E"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Big-5E</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Big-5E-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Big5-2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Big5-2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.5</span> <span>Big5-2003</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Big5-2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CDP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CDP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.6</span> <span>CDP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CDP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HKSCS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HKSCS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.7</span> <span>HKSCS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HKSCS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kana_and_Cyrillic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kana_and_Cyrillic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kana and Cyrillic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kana_and_Cyrillic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Big5</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" title="Big5 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Big5" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" title="Big5 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Big5" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" title="Big5 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Big5" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" title="Big5 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Big5" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5_(sistema_di_codifica)" title="Big5 (sistema di codifica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Big5 (sistema di codifica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5" title="Big5 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Big5" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%94%E7%A2%BC" title="大五碼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大五碼" 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.compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Big5" title="Special:EditPage/Big5">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Big5" title="Talk:Big5">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Big5%22">"Big5"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Big5%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Big5%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Big5%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Big5%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Big5%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span 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href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Big5</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">MIME / IANA</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">Big5</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alias(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">Big-5, 大五碼</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><br /><b>Partial support:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, some of <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> letters for phonetic usage.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Information_Industry" title="Institute for Information Industry">Institute for Information Industry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Extended_ASCII" title="Extended ASCII">Extended ASCII</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASCII_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCII-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">variable-width encoding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double-byte_character_set" title="Double-byte character set">DBCS</a>, <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK encoding</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extends</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a><sup id="cite_ref-ASCII_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCII-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Extensions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows-950" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows-950">Windows-950</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">Big5-HKSCS</a>, <a href="#Extensions">numerous others</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other related encoding(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in the strictest sense of the term, as ASCII bytes can appear as trail bytes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASCII-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASCII_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASCII_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Big5 does not specify a single-byte component; however, ASCII (or an extension) is used in practice.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Template talk:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_character_encoding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox character encoding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Big-5</b> or <b>Big5</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">大五碼</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Chinese_character_encoding" title="Chinese character encoding">Chinese character encoding</a> method used in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese characters</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China (PRC)">People's Republic of China (PRC)</a>, which uses <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese characters</a>, uses the <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a> character set instead (though it can also substitute Big-5 or UTF-8). </p><p>Big5 gets its name from the consortium of five companies in Taiwan that developed it.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Encoding">Encoding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original Big5 character set is sorted first by usage frequency, second by stroke count, lastly by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Kangxi_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kangxi radicals">Kangxi radical</a>. </p><p>The original Big5 character set lacked many commonly used characters. To solve this problem, each vendor developed its own extension. The <a href="/wiki/ETen_Chinese_System" title="ETen Chinese System">ETen</a> extension became part of the current Big5 standard through popularity. </p><p>The structure of Big5 does not conform to the <a href="/wiki/ISO_2022" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 2022">ISO 2022</a> standard, but rather bears a certain similarity to the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></span> encoding. It is a <a href="/wiki/Double-byte_character_set" title="Double-byte character set">double-byte character set (DBCS)</a> with the following structure: </p> <table border="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">First byte ("lead byte") </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x81</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xfe</span> (or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa1</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xf9</span> for non-user-defined characters) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Second byte </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x40</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x7e</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa1</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xfe</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(the prefix 0x signifying hexadecimal numbers). </p><p>Standard assignments (excluding vendor or user-defined extensions) do not use the bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x7F</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA0</span>, nor <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xFF</span>, as either lead (first) or trail (second) bytes. Bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA1</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xFE</span> are used for both lead and trail bytes for double-byte (Big5) codes. Bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x40</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x7E</span> are used as trail bytes following a lead byte, or for single-byte codes otherwise. If the second byte is not in either range, <a href="/wiki/Unspecified_behavior" title="Unspecified behavior">behavior is unspecified</a> (i.e., varies from system to system). Additionally, certain variants of the Big5 character set, for example the <a href="/wiki/HKSCS" class="mw-redirect" title="HKSCS">HKSCS</a>, use an expanded range for the lead byte, including values in the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x81</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA0</span> range (similar to <span class="nowrap">Shift JIS</span>), whereas others use reduced lead byte ranges (for instance, the Apple Macintosh variant uses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xFD</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xFF</span> as single-byte codes, limiting the lead byte range to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA1</span> through <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xFC</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-mactradchinese_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactradchinese-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The numerical value of individual Big5 codes are frequently given as a 4-digit hexadecimal number, which describes the two bytes that comprise the Big5 code as if the two bytes were a <a href="/wiki/Big_endian" class="mw-redirect" title="Big endian">big endian</a> representation of a 16-bit number. For example, the Big5 code for a full-width space, which are the bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa1</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x40</span>, is usually written as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa140</span> or just A140. </p><p>Strictly speaking, the Big5 encoding contains only DBCS characters. However, in practice, the Big5 codes are always used together with an unspecified, system-dependent <a href="/wiki/SBCS" title="SBCS">single-byte character set (SBCS)</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> or <a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">code page 437</a>), so that Big5-encoded text contains a mix of double-byte characters and single-byte characters. Bytes in the range <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x00</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x7f</span> that are not part of a double-byte character are assumed to be single-byte characters. (For a more detailed description of this problem, please see the discussion on "The Matching SBCS" below.) </p><p>The meaning of non-ASCII single bytes outside the permitted values that are not part of a double-byte character varies from system to system. In old MSDOS-based systems, they are likely to be displayed as 8-bit characters; in modern systems, they are likely to either give unpredictable results or generate an error. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_more_detailed_look_at_the_organization">A more detailed look at the organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A more detailed look at the organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the original Big5, the encoding is compartmentalized into different zones: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x8140</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA0FE</span></td> <td>Reserved for user-defined characters 造字 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA140</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA3BF</span></td> <td>"Graphical characters" 圖形碼 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA3C0</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA3FE</span></td> <td>Reserved, <i>not</i> for user-defined characters </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA440</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC67E</span></td> <td>Frequently used characters 常用字 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC6A1</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC8FE</span></td> <td>Reserved for user-defined characters </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC940</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xF9D5</span></td> <td>Less frequently used characters 次常用字 </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xF9D6</span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xFEFE</span></td> <td>Reserved for user-defined characters </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The "graphical characters" actually comprise punctuation marks, partial punctuation marks (e.g., half of a dash, half of an ellipsis; see below), <a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">dingbats</a>, foreign characters, and other special characters (e.g., presentational "full width" forms, digits for <a href="/wiki/Suzhou_numerals" title="Suzhou numerals">Suzhou numerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">zhuyin fuhao</a>, etc.) </p><p>In most vendor extensions, extended characters are placed in the various zones reserved for user-defined characters, each of which are normally regarded as associated with the preceding zone. For example, additional "graphical characters" (e.g., punctuation marks) would be expected to be placed in the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa3c0</span>–<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa3fe</span> range, and additional logograms would be placed in either the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xc6a1</span>–<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xc8fe</span> or the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xf9d6</span>–<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xfefe</span> range. Sometimes, this is not possible due to the large number of extended characters to be added; for example, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> letters and Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">kana</a> have been placed in the zone associated with "frequently-used characters". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duplicates">Duplicates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Duplicates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Big5 has encoded two duplicate characters: "兀" on 0xA461 (U+5140) and 0xC94A (U+FA0C), "嗀" on 0xDCD1 (U+55C0) and 0xDDFC (U+FA0D). </p><p>Some encoding mapping also maps the three Suzhou numerals, "〸", "〹" and "〺", in the graphical section to ideograph characters (U+5341, U+5344 and U+5345 respectively)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead of <a href="/wiki/CJK_Symbols_and_Punctuation" title="CJK Symbols and Punctuation">CJK Symbols and Punctuation</a> (U+3038, U+3039 and U+303A respectively).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="What_a_Big5_code_actually_encodes">What a Big5 code actually encodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: What a Big5 code actually encodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An individual Big5 code does not always represent a complete semantic unit. The Big5 codes of logograms are always logograms, but codes in the "graphical characters" section are not always complete "graphical characters". What Big5 encodes are particular graphical representations of characters or part of characters that happen to fit in the space taken by two monospaced ASCII characters. This is a property of <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK</a> double-byte character sets, and is not a unique problem of Big5. </p><p>(The above might need some explanation by putting it in historical perspective, as it is <i>theoretically</i> incorrect: Back when text mode personal computing was still the norm, characters were normally represented as single bytes and each character takes one position on the screen. There was therefore a practical reason to insist that double-byte characters must take up two positions on the screen, namely that off-the-shelf, American-made software would then be usable without modification in a DBCS-based system. If a character can take an arbitrary number of screen positions, software that assumes that one <i>byte</i> of text takes one screen position would produce incorrect output. Of course, if a computer never had to deal with the text screen, the manufacturer would not enforce this artificial restriction; the Apple Macintosh is an example. Nevertheless, the encoding itself must be designed so that it works correctly on text-screen-based systems.) </p><p>To illustrate this point, consider the Big5 code <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa14b</span> (…). To English speakers this looks like an ellipsis and the Unicode standard identifies it as such; however, in Chinese, the ellipsis consists of six dots that fit in the space of two Chinese characters (……), so in fact there is no Big5 code for the Chinese ellipsis, and the Big5 code <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa14b</span> just represents half of a Chinese ellipsis. It represents only half of an ellipsis because the whole ellipsis should take the space of two Chinese characters, and in many DBCS systems one DBCS character must take exactly the space of one Chinese character. </p><p>Characters encoded in Big5 do not always represent things that can be readily used in plain text files; an example is "citation mark" (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xa1ca</span>, ﹋), which is, when used, required to be typeset under the title of literary works. Another example is the Suzhou numerals, which is a form of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_notation" title="Scientific notation">scientific notation</a> that requires the number to be laid out in a 2-D form consisting of at least two rows. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Matching_SBCS">The Matching SBCS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Matching SBCS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In practice, Big5 cannot be used without a matching SBCS; this is mostly to do with a compatibility reason. However, as in the case of other CJK DBCS character sets, the SBCS to use has never been specified. Big5 has always been defined as a DBCS, though when used it must be paired with a suitable, <i>unspecified</i> SBCS and therefore used as what some people call a <a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">MBCS</a>; nevertheless, Big5 by itself, as defined, is strictly a DBCS. </p><p>The SBCS to use being unspecified implies that the SBCS used can theoretically vary from system to system. Nowadays, ASCII is the only possible SBCS one would use. However, in old <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">DOS</a>-based systems, <a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">code page 437</a>—with its extra special symbols in the control code area including position 127—was much more common. Yet, on a Macintosh system with the Chinese Language Kit, or on a Unix system running the cxterm terminal emulator, the SBCS paired with Big5 would not be code page 437. </p><p>Outside the valid range of Big5, the old DOS-based systems would routinely interpret things according to the SBCS that is paired with Big5 on that system. In such systems, characters 127 to 160, for example, were very likely not avoided because they would produce invalid Big5, but used because they would be valid characters in code page 437. </p><p>The modern characterization of Big5 as an MBCS consisting of the DBCS of Big5 plus the SBCS of ASCII is therefore historically incorrect and potentially flawed, as the choice of the matching SBCS was, and theoretically still is, quite independent of the flavour of Big5 being used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inability of ASCII to support large <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK)</a> character sets led to governments and industry to find creative solutions to enable their languages to be rendered on computers. A variety of ad hoc and usually proprietary input methods led to efforts to develop a standard system. As a result, Big5 encoding was defined by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Information_Industry" title="Institute for Information Industry">Institute for Information Industry</a> of Taiwan in 1984. </p><p>The name "Big5" is in recognition that the standard emerged from collaboration of five of Taiwan's largest IT firms: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a> (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E7%A2%81" class="extiw" title="zh:宏碁">宏碁</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MiTAC" title="MiTAC">MiTAC</a> (神通)</li> <li>JiaJia (佳佳)</li> <li>ZERO ONE Technology (零壹 or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.01tech.com/">01tech</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_International_Computer" title="First International Computer">First International Computer (FIC)</a> (大眾)</li></ul> <p>Big5 was rapidly popularized in Taiwan and worldwide among Chinese who used the traditional Chinese character set through its adoption in several commercial software packages, notably the <a href="/wiki/E-TEN" title="E-TEN">E-TEN</a> Chinese <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a> input system (<a href="/wiki/ETen_Chinese_System" title="ETen Chinese System">ETen Chinese System</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> government declared <b>Big5</b> as their standard in mid-1980s since it was, by then, the <i>de facto</i> standard for using traditional Chinese on computers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions">Extensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original Big-5 only include CJK logograms from the <a href="/wiki/Chart_of_Standard_Forms_of_Common_National_Characters" title="Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters">Charts of Standard Forms</a> of Common National Characters (4808 characters) and Less-Than-Common National Characters (6343 characters), but not letters from people's names, place names, dialects, <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>, Japanese kana. As a result, many Big-5 supporting software include extensions to address the problems. </p><p>The plethora of variations make <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> (or <a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a> or the Chinese <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a> standard, which is also a full Unicode Transformation Format, i.e. not only for simplified Chinese) a more consistent code page for modern use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vendor_extensions">Vendor extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vendor extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ETen_extensions">ETen extensions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: ETen extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/ETen_Chinese_System" title="ETen Chinese System">ETen</a> (倚天) Chinese operating system, the following code points are added, to add support for some characters present in the <a href="/wiki/IBM_5550" title="IBM 5550">IBM 5550</a>'s code page but absent from generic Big5: </p> <ul><li><code>0xA3C0</code>–<code>0xA3E0</code>: 33 control characters.</li> <li><code>0xC6A1</code>–<code>0xC875</code>: circle 1–10, bracket 1–10, <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> 1–9 (i–ix), CJK radical glyphs, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> characters</li> <li><code>0xF9D6</code>–<code>0xF9FE</code>: the characters '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A2%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:碁">碁</a>', '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8A%B9" class="extiw" title="wikt:銹">銹</a>', '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%92" class="extiw" title="wikt:恒">恒</a>', '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A3%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:裏">裏</a>', '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A2%BB" class="extiw" title="wikt:墻">墻</a>', '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B2%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:粧">粧</a>' and '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AB%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:嫺">嫺</a>', followed by 34 additional <a href="/wiki/Semigraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semigraphic">semigraphic</a> symbols.</li></ul> <p>In some versions of ETen, there are extra graphical symbols and <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese characters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Microsoft_code_pages">Microsoft code pages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Microsoft code pages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">Code page 950</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (微軟) created its own version of Big5 extension as <a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">code page 950</a> for use with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, which supports the F9D6–F9FE code points from ETEN's extensions. In some versions of Windows, the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> <a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">currency symbol</a> is mapped to Big-5 code point A3E1. </p><p>After installing Microsoft's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/hk/hkscs/default.aspx">HKSCS patch</a> on top of traditional Chinese Windows (or any version of Windows 2000 and above with proper language pack), applications using code page 950 automatically use a hidden code page 951 table. The table supports all code points in HKSCS-2001, except for the compatibility code points specified by the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="IBM_code_pages">IBM code pages</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: IBM code pages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to Microsoft's code page 950, IBM's <a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a> 950 comprises single byte code page 1114 (CCSID 1114) and double byte code page 947 (CCSID 947).<sup id="cite_ref-ccsid950_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccsid950-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It incorporates ETEN extensions for lead bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA3</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC6</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1922_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC7</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xC8</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1922_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while omitting those with lead byte <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xF9</span> (which Microsoft includes), mapping them instead to the <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Area">Private Use Area</a> as user-defined characters.<sup id="cite_ref-rfc1922_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rfc1922-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also includes two non-ETEN extension regions with trail bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x81–A0</span>, i.e. outside the usual Big5 trail byte range but similar to the Big5+ trail byte range: area 5 has lead bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xF2–F9</span> and contains IBM-selected characters, while area 9 has lead bytes <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x81–8C</span> and is a user-defined region.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IBM refers to the euro sign update of their Big-5 variant as CCSID 1370, which includes both single-byte (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0x80</span>) and double-byte (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">0xA3E1</span>) euro signs.<sup id="cite_ref-ccsid1370_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccsid1370-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comprises single byte code page 1114 (CCSID 5210) and double byte code page 947 (CCSID 21427).<sup id="cite_ref-ccsid1370_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccsid1370-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For better compatibility with Microsoft's variant in <a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2">IBM Db2</a>, IBM also define the pure double-byte code page 1372<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the associated variable-width CCSID 1373, which corresponds to Microsoft's code page 950.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IBM assigns CCSID 5471 to the HKSCS-2001 Big5 code page (with CPGID 1374 as CCSID 5470 as the double byte component),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CCSID 9567 to the HKSCS-2004 code page (with CPGID 1374 as CCSID 9566 as the double byte component),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and CCSID 13663 to the HKSCS-2008 code page (with CPGID 1374 as CCSID 13662 as the double byte component),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while CCSID 1375 is assigned to a growing HKSCS code page, currently equivalent to CCSID 13663.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ChinaSea_font">ChinaSea font</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: ChinaSea font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChinaSea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChinaSea (page does not exist)">ChinaSea</a> fonts (中國海字集)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are Traditional Chinese fonts made by ChinaSea. The fonts are rarely sold separately, but are bundled with other products, such as the Chinese version of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_97" title="Microsoft Office 97">Microsoft Office 97</a>. The fonts support Japanese kana, <a href="/wiki/Kokuji" title="Kokuji">kokuji</a>, and other characters missing in Big-5. As a result, the ChinaSea extensions have become more popular than the government-supported extensions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2019)">as of?</span></a></i>]</sup> Some Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Bulletin_board_system" title="Bulletin board system">BBSes</a> had used encodings in ChinaSea fonts before the introduction of HKSCS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="'Sakura'_font"><span id=".27Sakura.27_font"></span>'Sakura' font</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 'Sakura' font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904023817/http://input.foruto.com/jptxt/">'Sakura' font</a> (日和字集 Sakura Version) is developed in Hong Kong and is designed to be compatible with HKSCS. It adds support for <a href="/wiki/Kokuji" title="Kokuji">kokuji</a> and proprietary dingbats (including <a href="/wiki/Doraemon" title="Doraemon">Doraemon</a>) not found in HKSCS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unicode-at-on">Unicode-at-on</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Unicode-at-on"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unicode-at-on (<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode%E8%A3%9C%E5%AE%8C%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB" class="extiw" title="zh:Unicode補完計畫">Unicode補完計畫</a>), formerly BIG5 extension, extends BIG-5 by altering code page tables, but uses the ChinaSea extensions starting with version 2. However, with the bankruptcy of ChinaSea, late development, and the increasing popularity of HKSCS and <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> (the project is not compatible with HKSCS), the success of this extension is limited at best. </p><p>Despite the problems, characters previously mapped to Unicode Private Use Area are remapped to the standardized equivalents when exporting characters to Unicode format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="OPG">OPG</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: OPG"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The web sites of the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Daily_News" title="Oriental Daily News">Oriental Daily News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sun_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Daily">Sun Daily</a>, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Press_Group_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Press Group Limited">Oriental Press Group Limited</a> (東方報業集團有限公司) in Hong Kong, used a downloadable font with a different Big-5 extension coding than the HKSCS. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_extensions">Official extensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Official extensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiwan_Ministry_of_Education_font">Taiwan Ministry of Education font</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Taiwan Ministry of Education font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Taiwan Ministry of Education supplied its own font, the Taiwan Ministry of Education font (臺灣教育部造字檔) for use internally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiwan_Council_of_Agriculture_font">Taiwan Council of Agriculture font</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Taiwan Council of Agriculture font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taiwan's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_Agriculture_font,_Executive_Yuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Agriculture font, Executive Yuan (page does not exist)">Council of Agriculture font, Executive Yuan</a> introduced a 133-character custom font, the Taiwan Council of Agriculture font (臺灣農委會常用中文外字集) that includes 84 characters from the <a href="/wiki/Radical_195" title="Radical 195">fish radical</a> and 7 from the <a href="/wiki/Radical_196" title="Radical 196">bird radical</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Big5+"><span id="Big5.2B"></span>Big5+</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Big5+"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chinese_Foundation_for_Digitization_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chinese Foundation for Digitization Technology (page does not exist)">Chinese Foundation for Digitization Technology</a> (中文數位化技術推廣委員會) introduced Big5+ in 1997, which used over 20000 code points to incorporate all CJK logograms in Unicode 1.1. However, the extra code points exceeded the original Big-5 definition (Big5+ uses high byte values 81-FE and low byte values 40-7E and 80-FE), preventing it from being installed on Microsoft Windows without new codepage files. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Big-5E">Big-5E</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Big-5E"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To allow Windows users to use custom fonts, the Chinese Foundation for Digitization Technology introduced Big-5E, which added 3954 characters (in three blocks of code points: 8E40-A0FE, 8140-86DF, 86E0-875C) and removed the Japanese kana from the ETEN extension. Unlike Big-5+, Big5E extends Big-5 within its original definition. <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X_10.3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X 10.3">Mac OS X 10.3</a> and later supports Big-5E in the fonts LiHei Pro (儷黑 Pro.ttf) and LiSong Pro (儷宋 Pro.ttf). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Big5-2003">Big5-2003</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Big5-2003"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chinese Foundation for Digitization Technology made a Big5 definition and put it into <a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a> in note form, making it part of the official standard in Taiwan. </p><p>Big5-2003 incorporates all Big-5 characters introduced in the 1984 ETEN extensions (code points A3C0-A3E0, C6A1-C7F2, and F9D6-F9FE) and the Euro symbol. Cyrillic characters were not included because the authority claimed CNS 11643 does not include such characters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="CDP">CDP</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: CDP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a> made a Chinese Data Processing font (漢字構形資料庫) in late 1990s, which the latest release version 2.5 included 112,533 characters, some less than the <a href="/wiki/Mojikyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojikyo">Mojikyo</a> fonts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HKSCS">HKSCS</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: HKSCS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> also adopted Big5 for character encoding. However, <a href="/wiki/Written_Cantonese" title="Written Cantonese">written Cantonese</a> has its own characters not available in the normal Big5 character set. To solve this problem, the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong Government">Hong Kong Government</a> created the Big5 extensions <a href="/wiki/Government_Chinese_Character_Set" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Chinese Character Set">Government Chinese Character Set</a> (GCCS) in 1995 and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set</a> in 1999. The Hong Kong extensions were commonly distributed as a patch. It is still being distributed as a patch by Microsoft, but a full Unicode font is also available from the Hong Kong Government's web site. </p><p>There are two encoding schemes of HKSCS: one encoding scheme is for the Big-5 coding standard and the other is for the <a href="/wiki/ISO_10646" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 10646">ISO 10646</a> standard. Subsequent to the initial release, there are also HKSCS-2001 and HKSCS-2004. The HKSCS-2004 is aligned technically with the ISO/IEC 10646:2003 and its Amendment 1 published in April 2004 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). </p><p>HKSCS includes all the characters from the common ETen extension, plus some characters from simplified Chinese, place names, people's names, and Cantonese phrases (including <a href="/wiki/Cantonese_profanity" title="Cantonese profanity">profanity</a>). </p><p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the most recent edition of HKSCS is HKSCS-2016; however, the last edition of HKSCS to encode all of its characters in Big5 was HKSCS-2008, while the characters added in more recent editions are mapped to ISO 10646 / <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> only (as a <a href="/wiki/CJK_Unified_Ideographs" title="CJK Unified Ideographs">CJK Unified Ideographs</a> horizontal glyph extension where appropriate).<sup id="cite_ref-irgn2430_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irgn2430-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, similarly to Hong Kong's situation, there are also characters that are needed by Macao but is neither included in Big5 nor HKSCS, hence, the <i>Macao Supplementary Character Set</i> was developed, comprising characters not found in Big5 or HKSCS; this, however, is also not encoded in Big5. The first batch of 121 MSCS characters were submitted for inclusion in or mapping to Unicode in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-irgn1580_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irgn1580-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first final version of MSCS was established in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-irgn2430_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irgn2430-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kana_and_Cyrillic">Kana and Cyrillic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Kana and Cyrillic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two major Big5 extension layouts for encoding kana, <a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">Russian Cyrillic</a> and list markers in the range 0xC6A1 through 0xC875. These are not compatible with one another.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are compared in the table below. </p><p>The ETEN layout of kana and Cyrillic is also used by the HKSCS<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (including <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Unicode-At-On<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> variants, as well as by IBM's version of code page 950,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ETEN layout of the kana (with Cyrillic omitted) is also used by the Big5-2003 variant.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The published mapping files for <a href="/wiki/Windows-950" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows-950">Windows-950</a> include neither, and this Big5 range is mapped to the <a href="/wiki/Private_Use_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Use Area">Private Use Area</a> by the Windows-950 implementation from <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>'s built-in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">cp950</code> codec implementation is using the BIG5.TXT layout.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> version includes neither layout.<sup id="cite_ref-mactradchinese_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mactradchinese-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="border:none"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Big5 codes 0xC6A1 through 0xC875 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;border:none"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Big5 code</th> <th>BIG5.TXT layout<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>ETEN layout<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A1</td> <td>ヾ</td> <td>① </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A2</td> <td>ゝ</td> <td>② </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A3</td> <td>ゞ</td> <td>③ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A4</td> <td>々</td> <td>④ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A5</td> <td>ぁ</td> <td>⑤ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A6</td> <td>あ</td> <td>⑥ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A7</td> <td>ぃ</td> <td>⑦ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A8</td> <td>い</td> <td>⑧ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6A9</td> <td>ぅ</td> <td>⑨ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6AA</td> <td>う</td> <td>⑩ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6AB</td> <td>ぇ</td> <td>⑴ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6AC</td> <td>え</td> <td>⑵ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6AD</td> <td>ぉ</td> <td>⑶ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6AE</td> <td>お</td> <td>⑷ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6AF</td> <td>か</td> <td>⑸ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B0</td> <td>が</td> <td>⑹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B1</td> <td>き</td> <td>⑺ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B2</td> <td>ぎ</td> <td>⑻ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B3</td> <td>く</td> <td>⑼ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B4</td> <td>ぐ</td> <td>⑽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B5</td> <td>け</td> <td>ⅰ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B6</td> <td>げ</td> <td>ⅱ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B7</td> <td>こ</td> <td>ⅲ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B8</td> <td>ご</td> <td>ⅳ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6B9</td> <td>さ</td> <td>ⅴ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6BA</td> <td>ざ</td> <td>ⅵ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6BB</td> <td>し</td> <td>ⅶ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6BC</td> <td>じ</td> <td>ⅷ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6BD</td> <td>す</td> <td>ⅸ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6BE</td> <td>ず</td> <td>ⅹ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6BF</td> <td>せ</td> <td>丶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C0</td> <td>ぜ</td> <td>丿 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C1</td> <td>そ</td> <td>亅 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C2</td> <td>ぞ</td> <td>亠 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C3</td> <td>た</td> <td>冂 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C4</td> <td>だ</td> <td>冖 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C5</td> <td>ち</td> <td>冫 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C6</td> <td>ぢ</td> <td>勹 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C7</td> <td>っ</td> <td>匸 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C8</td> <td>つ</td> <td>卩 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6C9</td> <td>づ</td> <td>厶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6CA</td> <td>て</td> <td>夊 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6CB</td> <td>で</td> <td>宀 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6CC</td> <td>と</td> <td>巛 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6CD</td> <td>ど</td> <td>⼳ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6CE</td> <td>な</td> <td>广 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6CF</td> <td>に</td> <td>廴 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D0</td> <td>ぬ</td> <td>彐 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D1</td> <td>ね</td> <td>彡 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D2</td> <td>の</td> <td>攴 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D3</td> <td>は</td> <td>无 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D4</td> <td>ば</td> <td>疒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D5</td> <td>ぱ</td> <td>癶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D6</td> <td>ひ</td> <td>辵 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D7</td> <td>び</td> <td>隶 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D8</td> <td>ぴ</td> <td>¨ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6D9</td> <td>ふ</td> <td>ˆ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6DA</td> <td>ぶ</td> <td>ヽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6DB</td> <td>ぷ</td> <td>ヾ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6DC</td> <td>へ</td> <td>ゝ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6DD</td> <td>べ</td> <td>ゞ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6DE</td> <td>ぺ</td> <td>〃 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6DF</td> <td>ほ</td> <td>仝 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E0</td> <td>ぼ</td> <td>々 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E1</td> <td>ぽ</td> <td>〆 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E2</td> <td>ま</td> <td>〇 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E3</td> <td>み</td> <td>ー </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E4</td> <td>む</td> <td>［ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E5</td> <td>め</td> <td>］ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E6</td> <td>も</td> <td>✽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E7</td> <td>ゃ</td> <td>ぁ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E8</td> <td>や</td> <td>あ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6E9</td> <td>ゅ</td> <td>ぃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6EA</td> <td>ゆ</td> <td>い </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6EB</td> <td>ょ</td> <td>ぅ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6EC</td> <td>よ</td> <td>う </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6ED</td> <td>ら</td> <td>ぇ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6EE</td> <td>り</td> <td>え </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6EF</td> <td>る</td> <td>ぉ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F0</td> <td>れ</td> <td>お </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F1</td> <td>ろ</td> <td>か </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F2</td> <td>ゎ</td> <td>が </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F3</td> <td>わ</td> <td>き </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F4</td> <td>ゐ</td> <td>ぎ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F5</td> <td>ゑ</td> <td>く </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F6</td> <td>を</td> <td>ぐ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F7</td> <td>ん</td> <td>け </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F8</td> <td>ァ</td> <td>げ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6F9</td> <td>ア</td> <td>こ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6FA</td> <td>ィ</td> <td>ご </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6FB</td> <td>イ</td> <td>さ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6FC</td> <td>ゥ</td> <td>ざ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6FD</td> <td>ウ</td> <td>し </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC6FE</td> <td>ェ</td> <td>じ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC740</td> <td>エ</td> <td>す </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC741</td> <td>ォ</td> <td>ず </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC742</td> <td>オ</td> <td>せ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC743</td> <td>カ</td> <td>ぜ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC744</td> <td>ガ</td> <td>そ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC745</td> <td>キ</td> <td>ぞ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC746</td> <td>ギ</td> <td>た </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC747</td> <td>ク</td> <td>だ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC748</td> <td>グ</td> <td>ち </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC749</td> <td>ケ</td> <td>ぢ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC74A</td> <td>ゲ</td> <td>っ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC74B</td> <td>コ</td> <td>つ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC74C</td> <td>ゴ</td> <td>づ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC74D</td> <td>サ</td> <td>て </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC74E</td> <td>ザ</td> <td>で </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC74F</td> <td>シ</td> <td>と </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC750</td> <td>ジ</td> <td>ど </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC751</td> <td>ス</td> <td>な </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC752</td> <td>ズ</td> <td>に </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC753</td> <td>セ</td> <td>ぬ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC754</td> <td>ゼ</td> <td>ね </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC755</td> <td>ソ</td> <td>の </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC756</td> <td>ゾ</td> <td>は </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC757</td> <td>タ</td> <td>ば </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC758</td> <td>ダ</td> <td>ぱ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC759</td> <td>チ</td> <td>ひ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC75A</td> <td>ヂ</td> <td>び </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC75B</td> <td>ッ</td> <td>ぴ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC75C</td> <td>ツ</td> <td>ふ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC75D</td> <td>ヅ</td> <td>ぶ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC75E</td> <td>テ</td> <td>ぷ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC75F</td> <td>デ</td> <td>へ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC760</td> <td>ト</td> <td>べ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC761</td> <td>ド</td> <td>ぺ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC762</td> <td>ナ</td> <td>ほ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC763</td> <td>ニ</td> <td>ぼ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC764</td> <td>ヌ</td> <td>ぽ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC765</td> <td>ネ</td> <td>ま </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC766</td> <td>ノ</td> <td>み </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC767</td> <td>ハ</td> <td>む </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC768</td> <td>バ</td> <td>め </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC769</td> <td>パ</td> <td>も </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC76A</td> <td>ヒ</td> <td>ゃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC76B</td> <td>ビ</td> <td>や </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC76C</td> <td>ピ</td> <td>ゅ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC76D</td> <td>フ</td> <td>ゆ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC76E</td> <td>ブ</td> <td>ょ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC76F</td> <td>プ</td> <td>よ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC770</td> <td>ヘ</td> <td>ら </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC771</td> <td>ベ</td> <td>り </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC772</td> <td>ペ</td> <td>る </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC773</td> <td>ホ</td> <td>れ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC774</td> <td>ボ</td> <td>ろ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC775</td> <td>ポ</td> <td>ゎ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC776</td> <td>マ</td> <td>わ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC777</td> <td>ミ</td> <td>ゐ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC778</td> <td>ム</td> <td>ゑ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC779</td> <td>メ</td> <td>を </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC77A</td> <td>モ</td> <td>ん </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC77B</td> <td>ャ</td> <td>ァ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC77C</td> <td>ヤ</td> <td>ア </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC77D</td> <td>ュ</td> <td>ィ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC77E</td> <td>ユ</td> <td>イ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A1</td> <td>ョ</td> <td>ゥ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A2</td> <td>ヨ</td> <td>ウ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A3</td> <td>ラ</td> <td>ェ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A4</td> <td>リ</td> <td>エ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A5</td> <td>ル</td> <td>ォ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A6</td> <td>レ</td> <td>オ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A7</td> <td>ロ</td> <td>カ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A8</td> <td>ヮ</td> <td>ガ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7A9</td> <td>ワ</td> <td>キ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7AA</td> <td>ヰ</td> <td>ギ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7AB</td> <td>ヱ</td> <td>ク </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7AC</td> <td>ヲ</td> <td>グ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7AD</td> <td>ン</td> <td>ケ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7AE</td> <td>ヴ</td> <td>ゲ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7AF</td> <td>ヵ</td> <td>コ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B0</td> <td>ヶ</td> <td>ゴ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B1</td> <td>Д</td> <td>サ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B2</td> <td>Е</td> <td>ザ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B3</td> <td>Ё</td> <td>シ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B4</td> <td>Ж</td> <td>ジ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B5</td> <td>З</td> <td>ス </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B6</td> <td>И</td> <td>ズ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B7</td> <td>Й</td> <td>セ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B8</td> <td>К</td> <td>ゼ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7B9</td> <td>Л</td> <td>ソ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7BA</td> <td>М</td> <td>ゾ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7BB</td> <td>У</td> <td>タ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7BC</td> <td>Ф</td> <td>ダ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7BD</td> <td>Х</td> <td>チ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7BE</td> <td>Ц</td> <td>ヂ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7BF</td> <td>Ч</td> <td>ッ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C0</td> <td>Ш</td> <td>ツ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C1</td> <td>Щ</td> <td>ヅ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C2</td> <td>Ъ</td> <td>テ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C3</td> <td>Ы</td> <td>デ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C4</td> <td>Ь</td> <td>ト </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C5</td> <td>Э</td> <td>ド </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C6</td> <td>Ю</td> <td>ナ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C7</td> <td>Я</td> <td>ニ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C8</td> <td>а</td> <td>ヌ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7C9</td> <td>б</td> <td>ネ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7CA</td> <td>в</td> <td>ノ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7CB</td> <td>г</td> <td>ハ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7CC</td> <td>д</td> <td>バ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7CD</td> <td>е</td> <td>パ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7CE</td> <td>ё</td> <td>ヒ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7CF</td> <td>ж</td> <td>ビ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D0</td> <td>з</td> <td>ピ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D1</td> <td>и</td> <td>フ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D2</td> <td>й</td> <td>ブ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D3</td> <td>к</td> <td>プ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D4</td> <td>л</td> <td>ヘ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D5</td> <td>м</td> <td>ベ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D6</td> <td>н</td> <td>ペ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D7</td> <td>о</td> <td>ホ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D8</td> <td>п</td> <td>ボ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7D9</td> <td>р</td> <td>ポ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7DA</td> <td>с</td> <td>マ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7DB</td> <td>т</td> <td>ミ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7DC</td> <td>у</td> <td>ム </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7DD</td> <td>ф</td> <td>メ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7DE</td> <td>х</td> <td>モ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7DF</td> <td>ц</td> <td>ャ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E0</td> <td>ч</td> <td>ヤ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E1</td> <td>ш</td> <td>ュ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E2</td> <td>щ</td> <td>ユ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E3</td> <td>ъ</td> <td>ョ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E4</td> <td>ы</td> <td>ヨ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E5</td> <td>ь</td> <td>ラ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E6</td> <td>э</td> <td>リ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E7</td> <td>ю</td> <td>ル </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E8</td> <td>я</td> <td>レ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7E9</td> <td>①</td> <td>ロ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7EA</td> <td>②</td> <td>ヮ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7EB</td> <td>③</td> <td>ワ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7EC</td> <td>④</td> <td>ヰ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7ED</td> <td>⑤</td> <td>ヱ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7EE</td> <td>⑥</td> <td>ヲ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7EF</td> <td>⑦</td> <td>ン </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F0</td> <td>⑧</td> <td>ヴ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F1</td> <td>⑨</td> <td>ヵ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F2</td> <td>⑩</td> <td>ヶ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F3</td> <td>⑴</td> <td>А </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F4</td> <td>⑵</td> <td>Б </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F5</td> <td>⑶</td> <td>В </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F6</td> <td>⑷</td> <td>Г </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F7</td> <td>⑸</td> <td>Д </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F8</td> <td>⑹</td> <td>Е </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7F9</td> <td>⑺</td> <td>Ё </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7FA</td> <td>⑻</td> <td>Ж </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7FB</td> <td>⑼</td> <td>З </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7FC</td> <td>⑽</td> <td>И </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7FD</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Й </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC7FE</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>К </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC840</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Л </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC841</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>М </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC842</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Н </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC843</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>О </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC844</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>П </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC845</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Р </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC846</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>С </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC847</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Т </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC848</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>У </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC849</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ф </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC84A</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Х </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC84B</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ц </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC84C</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ч </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC84D</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ш </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC84E</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Щ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC84F</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ъ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC850</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ы </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC851</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ь </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC852</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Э </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC853</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Ю </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC854</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>Я </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC855</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>а </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC856</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>б </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC857</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>в </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC858</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>г </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC859</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>д </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC85A</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>е </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC85B</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ё </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC85C</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ж </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC85D</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>з </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC85E</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>и </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC85F</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>й </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC860</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>к </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC861</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>л </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC862</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>м </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC863</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>н </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC864</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>о </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC865</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>п </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC866</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>р </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC867</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>с </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC868</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>т </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC869</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>у </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC86A</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ф </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC86B</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>х </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC86C</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ц </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC86D</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ч </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC86E</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ш </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC86F</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>щ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC870</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ъ </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC871</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ы </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC872</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ь </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC873</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>э </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC874</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>ю </td></tr> <tr> <td>0xC875</td> <td>(not used)</td> <td>я </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">Chinese input methods for computers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020504075931/http://ash.jp/code/cn/big5tbl.htm">"Big5 (Traditional Chinese) character code table"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big5+%28Traditional+Chinese%29+character+code+table&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fash.jp%2Fcode%2Fcn%2Fbig5tbl.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinesemac.org/pages/character_sets.html">"Character Sets"</a>. <i>chinesemac.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812225334/http://chinesemac.org/pages/character_sets.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chinesemac.org&rft.atitle=Character+Sets&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinesemac.org%2Fpages%2Fcharacter_sets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mactradchinese-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mactradchinese_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mactradchinese_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApple,_Inc2005" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc">Apple, Inc</a> (2005-04-04) [1996-06-31]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CHINTRAD.TXT"><i>Map (external version) from Mac OS Chinese Traditional encoding to Unicode 3.0 and later</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514182521/https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CHINTRAD.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Map+%28external+version%29+from+Mac+OS+Chinese+Traditional+encoding+to+Unicode+3.0+and+later.&rft.pub=Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2005-04-04&rft.au=Apple%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FAPPLE%2FCHINTRAD.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP950.TXT">"Unicode CP950 mapping file"</a>. <i>Unicode</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627235611/https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP950.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=Unicode+CP950+mapping+file&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FVENDORS%2FMICSFT%2FWINDOWS%2FCP950.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT">"Unicode Big5 mapping file"</a>. <i>Unicode</i>. <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627235404/https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=Unicode+Big5+mapping+file&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FOBSOLETE%2FEASTASIA%2FOTHER%2FBIG5.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/big5_2003-b2u.txt">"Mozilla 系列與 Big5 中文字碼（Big5-2003）"</a>. <i>Mozilla 台湾社群</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627234452/https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/big5_2003-b2u.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozilla+%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4&rft.atitle=Mozilla+%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%88%87+Big5+%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%A2%BC%EF%BC%88Big5-2003%EF%BC%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoztw.org%2Fdocs%2Fbig5%2Ftable%2Fbig5_2003-b2u.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ETEN mapping file provided by Mozilla Taiwan community maps the three characters to both the symbol and ideograph codepoint. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/eten.txt">"Mozilla 系列與 Big5 中文字碼（ETEN）"</a>. <i>Mozilla 台湾社群</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627234353/https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/eten.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mozilla+%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4&rft.atitle=Mozilla+%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%88%87+Big5+%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%A2%BC%EF%BC%88ETEN%EF%BC%89&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoztw.org%2Fdocs%2Fbig5%2Ftable%2Feten.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222070938/http://me.abelcheung.org/2006/09/12/what-is-cp951/">"狗爺語錄 » Blog Archive » What is Code Page 951 (CP951)?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://me.abelcheung.org/2006/09/12/what-is-cp951/">the original</a> on 2007-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8B%97%E7%88%BA%E8%AA%9E%E9%8C%84+%C2%BB+Blog+Archive+%C2%BB+What+is+Code+Page+951+%28CP951%29%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fme.abelcheung.org%2F2006%2F09%2F12%2Fwhat-is-cp951%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccsid950-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ccsid950_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141202001630/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid950.html">"CCSID 950 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid950.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+950+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid950.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327100728/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1114.html">"CCSID 1114 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1114.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+1114+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid1114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141201232116/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid947.html">"CCSID 947 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid947.html">the original</a> on 2014-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+947+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid947.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=A3&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte A3: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+A3%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DA3%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rfc1922-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1922_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1922_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rfc1922_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhuHuWangKao1996" class="citation cs1">Zhu, HF.; Hu, DY.; Wang, ZG.; Kao, TC.; Chang, WCH.; Crispin, M. (1996). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1922">"Chinese Character Encoding for Internet Messages"</a></span>. <i>Requests for Comments</i>. <a href="/wiki/IETF" class="mw-redirect" title="IETF">IETF</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2Frfc1922">10.17487/rfc1922</a>. RFC 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210429165037/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1922">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Requests+for+Comments&rft.atitle=Chinese+Character+Encoding+for+Internet+Messages&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2Frfc1922&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=HF.&rft.au=Hu%2C+DY.&rft.au=Wang%2C+ZG.&rft.au=Kao%2C+TC.&rft.au=Chang%2C+WCH.&rft.au=Crispin%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=C6&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte C6: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+C6%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DC6%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=C7&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte C7: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+C7%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DC7%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=C8&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte C8: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+C8%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DC8%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=F9&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte F9: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+F9%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DF9%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://public.dhe.ibm.com/as400/products/clientaccess/win32/files/globalization/T_Chinese_big51999.pdf">"IBM Traditional Chinese Graphic Character Set for IBM BIG-5 Code"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1999. C-H 3-3220-131 1999-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122211354/https://public.dhe.ibm.com/as400/products/clientaccess/win32/files/globalization/T_Chinese_big51999.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Traditional+Chinese+Graphic+Character+Set+for+IBM+BIG-5+Code&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.dhe.ibm.com%2Fas400%2Fproducts%2Fclientaccess%2Fwin32%2Ffiles%2Fglobalization%2FT_Chinese_big51999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ccsid1370-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ccsid1370_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ccsid1370_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327104212/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1370.html">"CCSID 1370 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1370.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+1370+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid1370.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129231704/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid5210.html">"CCSID 5210 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid5210.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+5210+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid5210.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327035914/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid21427.html">"CCSID 21427 information document"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid21427.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CCSID+21427+information+document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid21427.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317015819/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01372.html">"CPGID 01372: MS T-Chinese Big-5 (Special for DB2)"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization - Code page identifiers</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/cp/cp01372.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization+-+Code+page+identifiers&rft.atitle=CPGID+01372%3A+MS+T-Chinese+Big-5+%28Special+for+DB2%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fcp%2Fcp01372.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-1373_P100-2002">"ibm-1373_P100-2002"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210526173749/https://icu4c-demos.unicode.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-1373_P100-2002">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=ibm-1373_P100-2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-1373_P100-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129233053/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid5471.html">"CCSID 5471: Mixed Big-5 ext for HKSCS-2001"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization - Coded character set identifiers</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid5471.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization+-+Coded+character+set+identifiers&rft.atitle=CCSID+5471%3A+Mixed+Big-5+ext+for+HKSCS-2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid5471.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-5471_P100-2006.ucm"><i>International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5471_P100-2006.ucm</i></a>, 2007-05-09, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813202101/https://github.com/unicode-org/icu/blob/main/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-5471_P100-2006.ucm">archived</a> from the original on 2023-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Components+for+Unicode+%28ICU%29%2C+ibm-5471_P100-2006.ucm&rft.date=2007-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Funicode-org%2Ficu%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2Ficu4c%2Fsource%2Fdata%2Fmappings%2Fibm-5471_P100-2006.ucm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129212819/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid9567.html">"CCSID 9567: Mixed Big-5 ext for HKSCS-2004"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization - Coded character set identifiers</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid9567.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization+-+Coded+character+set+identifiers&rft.atitle=CCSID+9567%3A+Mixed+Big-5+ext+for+HKSCS-2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid9567.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129213320/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid13663.html">"CCSID 13663: Mixed Big-5 ext for HKSCS-2008"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization - Coded character set identifiers</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid13663.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization+-+Coded+character+set+identifiers&rft.atitle=CCSID+13663%3A+Mixed+Big-5+ext+for+HKSCS-2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid13663.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129231410/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1375.html">"CCSID 1375: Mixed Big-5 ext for HKSCS"</a>. <i>IBM Globalization - Coded character set identifiers</i>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid1375.html">the original</a> on 2014-11-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Globalization+-+Coded+character+set+identifiers&rft.atitle=CCSID+1375%3A+Mixed+Big-5+ext+for+HKSCS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-01.ibm.com%2Fsoftware%2Fglobalization%2Fccsid%2Fccsid1375.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF黃國書" class="citation web cs1">黃國書. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050319032136/http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/Windows/Chinese/font/chinasea/csw10_exp.txt">"Chinasea 1.0 中國海字集"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinasea+1.0+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B5%B7%E5%AD%97%E9%9B%86&rft.pub=ISU+FTP&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%8B%E6%9B%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.isu.edu.tw%2Fpub%2FWindows%2FChinese%2Ffont%2Fchinasea%2Fcsw10_exp.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irgn2430-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irgn2430_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irgn2430_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacao_Special_Administrative_Region_Government2020" class="citation web cs1">Macao Special Administrative Region Government (2020-06-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~irg/irg/irg53/IRGN2430.pdf">"Submission of Macao's Vertical Extension (UNC Characters), Horizontal Extension, and IVSes Registration for MSCS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a>/WG 2 <a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">IRGN</a> 2430. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200623040740/https://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~irg/irg/irg53/IRGN2430.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Submission+of+Macao%27s+Vertical+Extension+%28UNC+Characters%29%2C+Horizontal+Extension%2C+and+IVSes+Registration+for+MSCS&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.au=Macao+Special+Administrative+Region+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fappsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk%2F~irg%2Firg%2Firg53%2FIRGN2430.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irgn1580-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irgn1580_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComputer_Chinese_Characters_Encoding_Workgroup2009" class="citation web cs1">Computer Chinese Characters Encoding Workgroup (2009-06-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150104014324/http://appsrv.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~irg/irg/irg32/IRGN1580MacaoCharsFromMISCS.pdf">"Submission of Characters from Macao Information Systems Character Set"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2</a>/WG 2 <a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">IRGN</a> 1580. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big5HKSCS-2004&rft.pub=Mozilla+Taiwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoztw.org%2Fdocs%2Fbig5%2Ftable%2Fhkscs2004.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Kesteren" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_van_Kesteren" title="Anne van Kesteren">van Kesteren, Anne</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html">"big5"</a>. <i>Encoding Standard</i>. <a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504184159/https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-05-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encoding+Standard&rft.atitle=big5&rft.aulast=van+Kesteren&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencoding.spec.whatwg.org%2Fbig5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/uao241-b2u.txt">"UAO 2.41 b2u"</a>. Mozilla Taiwan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024032150/http://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/uao241-b2u.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UAO+2.41+b2u&rft.pub=Mozilla+Taiwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoztw.org%2Fdocs%2Fbig5%2Ftable%2Fuao241-b2u.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=C6&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte C6: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+C6%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DC6%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=C7&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte C7: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+C7%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DC7%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=ibm-950_P110-1999&b=C8&s=ALL#layout">"Lead byte C8: ibm-950_P110-1999"</a>. <i>ICU Demonstration - Converter Explorer</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICU+Demonstration+-+Converter+Explorer&rft.atitle=Lead+byte+C8%3A+ibm-950_P110-1999&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.icu-project.org%2Ficu-bin%2Fconvexp%3Fconv%3Dibm-950_P110-1999%26b%3DC8%26s%3DALL%23layout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/big5_2003-b2u.txt">"Big5-2003 b2u"</a>. Mozilla Taiwan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627234452/https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/big5_2003-b2u.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big5-2003+b2u&rft.pub=Mozilla+Taiwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoztw.org%2Fdocs%2Fbig5%2Ftable%2Fbig5_2003-b2u.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBMUnicode_Consortium2002" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>; <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> (2002-12-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opensource.apple.com/source/ICU/ICU-59180.0.1/icuSources/data/mappings/windows-950-2000.ucm">"windows-950-2000"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Components_for_Unicode" title="International Components for Unicode">International Components for Unicode</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702020605/https://opensource.apple.com/source/ICU/ICU-59180.0.1/icuSources/data/mappings/windows-950-2000.ucm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Components+for+Unicode&rft.atitle=windows-950-2000&rft.date=2002-12-03&rft.au=IBM&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopensource.apple.com%2Fsource%2FICU%2FICU-59180.0.1%2FicuSources%2Fdata%2Fmappings%2Fwindows-950-2000.ucm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinegdb.com/pM_GMuuab">"Script showing output of cp950 codec for lead bytes 0xC6 and 0xC7"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018142645/https://www.onlinegdb.com/pM_GMuuab">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Script+showing+output+of+cp950+codec+for+lead+bytes+0xC6+and+0xC7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinegdb.com%2FpM_GMuuab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2015" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT"><i>BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627235404/https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BIG5+to+Unicode+table+%28complete%29&rft.date=2015-12-02&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FPublic%2FMAPPINGS%2FOBSOLETE%2FEASTASIA%2FOTHER%2FBIG5.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/eten.txt">"Big5-ETen vs Unicode mapping table"</a>. Mozilla Taiwan. 2002-02-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627234353/https://moztw.org/docs/big5/table/eten.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Big5-ETen+vs+Unicode+mapping+table&rft.pub=Mozilla+Taiwan&rft.date=2002-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoztw.org%2Fdocs%2Fbig5%2Ftable%2Feten.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde1999" class="citation book cs1">Lunde, Ken (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cjkvinformationp00lund"><i>CJKV Information Processing</i></a></span> (First ed.). O'Reilly and Associates, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56592-224-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56592-224-2"><bdi>978-1-56592-224-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+and+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-56592-224-2&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcjkvinformationp00lund&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABig5" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Big5&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/irg/docs/n2774-BigFiveSpecification.pdf">A scan of the Big5 specification</a> provided by the <a href="/wiki/Ideographic_Research_Group" title="Ideographic Research Group">Ideographic Research Group</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moztw.org/docs/big5/">Mozilla and the Big5 Family of Encodings</a>: an overview of Big5 encodings with code charts for each extension and relevant Firefox bugs <small>(Traditional Chinese)</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ash.jp/code/cn/big5tbl.htm">Big5 character code table</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020504075931/http://ash.jp/code/cn/big5tbl.htm">Archived</a> 2002-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041012135645/http://kura.hanazono.ac.jp/paper/codes.html">Chinese character codes: an update</a> by Christian Wittern</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cns11643.gov.tw/AIDB/welcome.do">CNS 11643 official web site</a> has information about the Big5e character set (an extended version of Big5) in the "Chinese Information Code" section.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cns11643.gov.tw/web/big5/">Big5 introduction</a> Contains differences between extensions.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.icu-project.org/icu-bin/convexp?conv=Big5">Graphical View of Big5 in ICU's Converter Explorer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depart.moe.edu.tw/ED2400/News_Content.aspx?n=8940E5C0456177C3&sms=893AAA1CBFE149DE&s=DFBE7BE3EE0DB6AE">教育部標準字體</a> Download page of the Taiwan Ministry of Education fonts</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~cdp/">文獻處理實驗室</a> Download pages of the CDP font</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ogcio.gov.hk/en/business/tech_promotion/ccli/hkscs/">Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set Info</a> Downloadable HKSCS documents & font</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glyph.iso10646hk.net/chinese/download_001.jsp">香港參考宋體</a> Download page of Dynalab(華康科技有限公司)'s HKSCS font.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc195006.aspx">Microsoft's Windows Codepage 950</a> (Traditional Chinese Big5)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://on.cc/orimain/orisunfaq/hkfonts_bottom.html">on.cc</a> Download page of the OPG font</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mimosapudica.org/ChinaSea/index_c.html">中國海字集視窗版(v3.0)下載網頁</a> Download page of the ChinaSea font</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150612031232/http://www.b-t.asia/chinese/big5.php">Big5 Codeset Overview</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-200" title="ISO-IR-200">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br />("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_668" title="Code page 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_770" title="Code page 770">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_773" title="Code page 773">773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_775" title="Code page 775">775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_776" title="Code page 776">776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_777" title="Code page 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_778" title="Code page 778">778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_851" title="Code page 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_852" title="Code page 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_853" title="Code page 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_855" title="Code page 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_856" title="Code page 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_857" title="Code page 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_859" title="Code page 859">859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_860" title="Code page 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_897" title="Code page 897">897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_903" title="Code page 903">903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1034" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1034">1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1042" title="Code page 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1044">1044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_3846" title="Code page 3846">3846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1169" title="Code page 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_Finnish" title="Windows Cyrillic + Finnish">Cyrillic + Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1056&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1056 (page does not exist)">1056</a></li> <li>1057</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> / <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieldata" title="Fieldata">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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