CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "wie.ieee.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9211a87a0c63882c',cH: 'KFK9LHmTO1oqEPNF1dXsCvfcR548uLe64F4AKNOE5Bs-1742100924-1.2.1.1-k0H4Uh1SYD21mchT7mFS3TIM_nEmgtL8q0kwDVE0NqY1gqMF3h37QTV9xp6VJwR0',cUPMDTk: "\/contact\/?__cf_chl_tk=3BO_VG9VQPpGMoNL2YY9JCGdipaqcBfWrDxzhc.wd34-1742100924-1.0.1.1-yofXm6Wj0RiItRREhGs5M3MsKERPsi0W84ok4GCa8hQ",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1742100924',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/contact\/?__cf_chl_f_tk=3BO_VG9VQPpGMoNL2YY9JCGdipaqcBfWrDxzhc.wd34-1742100924-1.0.1.1-yofXm6Wj0RiItRREhGs5M3MsKERPsi0W84ok4GCa8hQ",md: "EvDLVgmIvTrIU0TeCfXzgv50iQehV.iMdKoVyFnhZZU-1742100924-1.2.1.1-WyNTU_CuuKWUh1cK1H4wh30P4ssoTFGJIKfH1t0Yx9yEvH.gTVNGNfK08zHXeog3p8c8FH1L87zTvN7aozAc1EP8_sJqmpircHObx8.KmT53SFDYjIMvuMZCBLhwur9D0JZRAIk3BZxx7BoiyKvJuYl82jKdvMD9j9u05oCb2esfm.bGIX3_PrOPfKkouseuVwyavwB2rnCyJzH7sjvkJinC5.exVhnuP4Wpt.KVg2kwQAbpffOmdIGxvV0y.UfrqA53l4qGpiEu2ovCC15PjS66SejAKC10pNhJHX4asFfcok.4lM2syrzZ0gpYt_7jwTqws0.bKTIWbPuUCBI967bWk8mzXyrkUT2yH2IftKr76fQxnFIx_Mh6W68Pxi6wcVhsVnIY..5BieXQOVOx6BX.KGb_DfDU2ss0UiV7yh5lE0jc5poqwY1Hc46fVAVM51tP91t1Vn4ncrwf.YCdTUVQ.zlBG_IhiaAuNHa9NE89E2q_7LIOOl_EuA9idRukRPLI.XADZ4B8kWTU9aXx_aSL0FeqHxFy0m4XE1DQcKzUo_.M4yeon1iagQfScDd83pCp5sqNZU8TV39ZQAb6BSNQ0VY9TQ2i63RQnzrIyLAW9.noj7kA1dhd75.VxSW2cNpNFp.Aa1xS2b8tbAm9zxHeoD7x3sQ4lWUH9l4Z09LkRb7cncnUk4z3ylttDm7oD6L0rFdAIGIt42HZmbUlR1HxDagNyDew5meWFkX6haXz7UeLN_IRa2D.PL.mHkhIffAJ.6so.Vhm_GyC.YUyQwUf4GyEI6lMDYwrTDWiDOzbXTROb_p14Lsid_GsP3M4hNJlbICIGx6L75Ddk05zvItLp_9r5eJGarX2TV2PDawMW.g9jAU8sq4wEWMEO0Z.r2DnuG2v1iyNRgGOoktG9k6mLfXXGcTCBNP5E_.0CXRoliVeNmBgY2fSgyT5QvcM6DD5FFMnBXhXN3ZsVdYRVn8HUqyzvmmt9gw2Z7dFC6hdX6SfMUxC9xoWoKG3ksjFyLiMppiAEHZ4hb0_z2CSx9cjiqrHcIfcYx3XSgiespv0ITmRHiUDgHTqjWLpcJK9aMBB2hUwwcayaI8h5rFdH7bu_6Dd7IBcyNSZRUkUmB314Q_ii4dm7NXE6mZDzcFlhnRovhwWxwYeDOgesi2wIbOTE36reCKXDXF4Y9fNMrLh7YtnZwwk7D9ksTDaELFVbYIW.ZNYyc2UlxSuuXplzT1uVsLJkjb7g1KWQ4Skh3k",mdrd: "Vs1FcQQ755ocln69D0ooxzkfnWAQu2FueT367oYGAx0-1742100924-1.2.1.1-HONx0Qh5gvpHEFnKv3H5kVYUaQnMhYCXeAB3CS9iwG1001GRTfGku_k4xS_ELa3batzeYq82LIw0ekKLZ0I1rRriRItXOkXdxZ4kYqu.47CZd2Okom8G_DLDw2_aYquBCBWfLjgU1ONDYbugHWaBDtQyBwYgErRUUouftB_bOvcmcnA9ovm8CYuGwW6QaW8XcdI76qNooaeej1QsWpJ9U9_GGvuIdbbsWTtfyxky2i3y13y2DIicdvSjo9IEOA0XP_hIC6edr9IO0SfWo6tKs1ppQVBcl9jCgbBWxfEuto9CsWduqf8OO.bD_LoiBn0rNegC.D0lWGxC4_kmKtwBytl1MzEgvzBzvd7OOv3wDitn5O7buo2D.1w3wHQO.uQVB9wN_XYi553plbVuz1JW8F2G7cRtvB0_kRJxzA6g27AJ5WOKROfrs6JhwqkNmyrZp2ewEufsW.qKVkO5DdcpZb.Czr1Z4oUBp1MAF7EuOBAEN4PwcAb3UF6vKPSnFwMm3ldI.eh4ect2PfusiOq1AxhJHXar.TLhLJJ1qwwrxyFVzh.56LoDRbce9.N7edNRyxcrYFFVBtTZMwdilMijLvcZLzk518UqZzGttqf97cd0xp0m7vPybKhYpIB2apm1.sB.Js.9tCEtTMIHpmhCL4Xu_gnwK.zX_LUU5._buRKDFEAbLPkI1CKyR639GXNoS_z49y_z_DqJ8gFzozg_C_o8adHz2WA1q0juiaan9Os4SpqK.PbHTQNQ.gnr_pW1DsSD7m7B5kRX56pFK6gNcgsH8Fl9xttyC.TjKj3JIBIRZKYksOuzOX3lISAIoDQnhu2TetEKFKltO9dzDG0KN4.0yrtkCwJKQpFMwmQqBySf01ZsWiPVhP4dYKoii0AOIPhoN640Wf6HZatD8O9._ZhUzAC6Dd2ObxEQD1b0P_kSmEpZR.fyvo2ea0vZuoN_lpBFBFyIUB4tLd6pN9PrxGKuC7uZ_.sjdWlwvJIh1Nqz.H9MljtDzceILveD0HXfo0rLc8phXclwJ4yuC1LH_XMInkgGIykRpo8_2okrWveFr8Q_RUlsO4uC_01k3Ib_VMyhPbCDWcgbn8oMtw1lXVxrp812tqM4VkyY9qGruqWXxPWcSleYiQqTHvaHWA__TgaQV20I_AG2YkTonX5wxoI1Ybjhs.qgZFnXx15anphBYRdOVpwlOIKUPMgqAGIK35t4aiHUGWikp_XOWI9M1hODNjly_GYGWAfXTN_bygx6pcCV50MlMN76RBkpdeODRUZ6hI97yNuJ5ZK7a7pv2Py11n.gGJTuwSLWep4_ypRbFITjQZgJE3N1_aTTSkUi9ysZx4auitdJoa.5TA6qs6aczltHIo2dfX1R1uBMr1ACPOXzXVVM5dRi8PW3ah0lbPFFh6310y.n1iPhuCZ4ZEv2RZA2SNxit9y8LxLwojoV3UtVbsQl6RT6R_IJ.dMC1_Z26aPn2bbSg8Thyc4t.i7b7_Ei6dXsH_awqni0d5SOd5nuV_KYewLYBYzSZovXWvX0maY36lisuzwZ.XRJO8O60HjbkPrJNBS4EnjpXUNNiNXnTcJnKRoQwgeiFHc4j8HPh_NZDZjSO0eKzbkbgBAFreJgN2HueTqgMf2tqI6xYkIcGHf0fji.FA9v42lAYQtPWFjcpzZ98_1KjFOyIYL1Ob46vM9eILtIq65yj5j5KcpRXuRGYyanAlKxyHNpKNDbdmAcOdkNhKvwWEAa9nNAkVyvu_0xZim6Z6E_8QWV8xIQ.uGPHYp_FnQpzvAtjkso7U1j.Iwv098fSAouwqyv8ntdA3CpRHA2HRzvNWQquZfYaaFihbyVAqK3NtJyrMOVRyCJHW3Ky6vkmFHjFxdgQoftC3wwHWj8id8YGKtQ2xfjJfqTONCf2gg_xyJnlWO4rlIbUh4cNeBAPDyP_CLQ6xH5qkEy8aWoaTdT15lvH_JMU3tSVmXJY2Sdr_lzbSgqOcX7HwHofST4krVSwOhKspQziZ0Y0zMJRF5s9SB6OsM_PfISUiwJ84Fko1UT91IMFf8TRdQn4xwXtWN63w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9211a87a0c63882c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/contact\/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=3BO_VG9VQPpGMoNL2YY9JCGdipaqcBfWrDxzhc.wd34-1742100924-1.0.1.1-yofXm6Wj0RiItRREhGs5M3MsKERPsi0W84ok4GCa8hQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>