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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrinq_m%C3%BCkafat%C4%B1" title="Türinq mükafatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türinq mükafatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="টুরিং পুরস্কার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টুরিং পুরস্কার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Chi%C3%B3ng" title="Turing Chióng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Turing Chióng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Прэмія Цьюрынга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэмія Цьюрынга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Тюринг (награда) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тюринг (награда)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_nagrada" title="Turingova nagrada – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turingova nagrada" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priz_Turing" title="Priz Turing – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Priz Turing" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi_Turing" title="Premi Turing – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Premi Turing" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_cena" title="Turingova cena – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turingova cena" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-prisen" title="Turing-prisen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Turing-prisen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Turing Award" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingi_auhind" title="Turingi auhind – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Turingi auhind" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Βραβείο Τούρινγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βραβείο Τούρινγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" title="Premio Turing – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Premio Turing" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" title="Premio Turing – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Premio Turing" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="جایزه تورینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جایزه تورینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Turing" title="Prix Turing – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prix Turing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.M._Turing_Award" title="A.M. Turing Award – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="A.M. Turing Award" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" title="Premio Turing – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Premio Turing" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%9C%EB%A7%81%EC%83%81" title="튜링상 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튜링상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Թյուրինգի մրցանակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թյուրինգի մրցանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="ट्यूरिंग पुरस्कार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ट्यूरिंग पुरस्कार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_nagrada" title="Turingova nagrada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turingova nagrada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghargaan_Turing" title="Penghargaan Turing – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penghargaan Turing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Turing" title="Premio Turing – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Premio Turing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="פרס טיורינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרס טיורינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტიურინგის პრემია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიურინგის პრემია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Түриң сыйлыгы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түриң сыйлыгы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praemium_Turing" title="Praemium Turing – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praemium Turing" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C5%ABringa_balva" title="Tjūringa balva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tjūringa balva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-Pr%C3%A4is" title="Turing-Präis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Turing-Präis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiuringo_apdovanojimas" title="Tiuringo apdovanojimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiuringo apdovanojimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-d%C3%ADj" title="Turing-díj – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Turing-díj" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%98%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тјурингова награда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тјурингова награда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ടൂറിങ് അവാർഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടൂറിങ് അവാർഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="ट्युरिंग पारितोषिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ट्युरिंग पारितोषिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ტიურინგიშ პრემია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიურინგიშ პრემია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anugerah_Turing" title="Anugerah Turing – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Anugerah Turing" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тюрингийн Шагнал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тюрингийн Шагнал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.M._Turing_Award" title="A.M. Turing Award – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="A.M. Turing Award" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E8%B3%9E" title="チューリング賞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チューリング賞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-prisen" title="Turing-prisen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Turing-prisen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagroda_Turinga" title="Nagroda Turinga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nagroda Turinga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Turing" title="Prêmio Turing – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prêmio Turing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiul_Turing" title="Premiul Turing – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Premiul Turing" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Премия Тьюринга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Премия Тьюринга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turing Award" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_Award" title="Turing Award – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turing Award" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_cena" title="Turingova cena – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turingova cena" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_nagrada" title="Turingova nagrada – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turingova nagrada" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%98%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тјурингова награда – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тјурингова награда" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingova_nagrada" title="Turingova nagrada – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turingova nagrada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing-palkinto" title="Turing-palkinto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turing-palkinto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turingpriset" title="Turingpriset – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turingpriset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="தூரிங்கு விருது – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தூரிங்கு விருது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="ట్యూరింగ్ అవార్డు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ట్యూరింగ్ అవార్డు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="รางวัลทัวริง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รางวัลทัวริง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC" title="Turing Ödülü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Turing Ödülü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Премія Тюрінга – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Премія Тюрінга" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American annual computer science prize</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">ACM Turing Award</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Turing_(1912-1954)_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Alan Turing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alan_Turing_%281912-1954%29_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg/220px-Alan_Turing_%281912-1954%29_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alan_Turing_%281912-1954%29_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg/330px-Alan_Turing_%281912-1954%29_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alan_Turing_%281912-1954%29_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg/440px-Alan_Turing_%281912-1954%29_in_1936_at_Princeton_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="745" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, the award's namesake</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Awarded for</th><td class="infobox-data">Outstanding contributions in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data location">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Presented by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Reward(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">US$1,000,000<a href="#cite_note-million-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">First awarded</th><td class="infobox-data">1966; 58 years ago (1966)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Last awarded</th><td class="infobox-data">2023</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org">amturing.acm.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The ACM A. M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a> (ACM) for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ACM-2">[2]</a> It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in the field of computer science and is often referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_of_a_field_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" class="mw-redirect" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel of a field or the highest honors of a field">Nobel Prize of Computing</a>".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The award is named after <a href="/wiki/Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a>, who was a British mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Reader_(academic_rank)" title="Reader (academic rank)">reader</a> in mathematics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>. Turing is often credited as being the founder of <a href="/wiki/Theoretical_computer_science" title="Theoretical computer science">theoretical computer science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and a key contributor to the Allied <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalysis" title="Cryptanalysis">cryptanalysis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Enigma_cipher" class="mw-redirect" title="Enigma cipher">Enigma cipher</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-copeland-7">[7]</a> From 2007 to 2013, the award was accompanied by a prize of US$250,000, with financial support provided by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ACM-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Since 2014, the award has been accompanied by a prize of US$1 million, with financial support provided by Google.<a href="#cite_note-million-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The first recipient, in 1966, was <a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a>. The youngest recipient was <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> who won in 1974, at the age of 36,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> while the oldest recipient was <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">Alfred Aho</a> who won in 2020, at the age of 79.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Only three women have been awarded the prize: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">Frances Allen</a> (in 2006),<a href="#cite_note-Allen-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">Barbara Liskov</a> (in 2008),<a href="#cite_note-liskov-13">[13]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">Shafi Goldwasser</a> (in 2012).<a href="#cite_note-goldwasser-14">[14]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&action=edit">[update]</a>, 77 people have been awarded the prize, with the most recent recipient, in 2023, being <a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">Avi Wigderson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wigderson-15">[15]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recipients">Recipients</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Recipients">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Recipients of the ACM Turing award </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Recipient(s) </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Photo </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Rationale </th> <th scope="col">Affiliated institute(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1966 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For his influence in the area of advanced <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">computer programming</a> techniques and <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> construction"<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-perlis-17">[17]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1967 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">Maurice Wilkes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_(3,_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maurice Wilkes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg/80px-Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg/120px-Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg/160px-Maurice_Vincent_Wilkes_1980_%283%2C_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="463" /></a> </td> <td>"Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the <a href="/wiki/EDSAC" title="EDSAC">EDSAC</a>, the second computer with an internally stored <a href="/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program">program</a>. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a <a href="/wiki/Mercury_delay_line_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury delay line memory">mercury delay line memory</a>. He is also known as the author, with <a href="/wiki/David_Wheeler_(computer_scientist)" title="David Wheeler (computer scientist)">David Wheeler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Gill" title="Stanley Gill">Stanley Gill</a>, of a volume on 'Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers' in 1951, in which <a href="/wiki/Program_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Program libraries">program libraries</a> were effectively introduced."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-wilkes-19">[19]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1968 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">Richard Hamming</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For his work on <a href="/wiki/Numerical_methods" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerical methods">numerical methods</a>, automatic coding systems, and <a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">error-detecting and error-correcting codes</a>"<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-hamming-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1969 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Marvin Minsky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg/80px-Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg/120px-Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg/160px-Marvin_Minsky_at_OLPCc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="667" /></a> </td> <td>"For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>"<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-minsky-23">[23]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1970 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">James H. Wilkinson</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For his research in <a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical analysis</a> to facilitate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in <a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">linear algebra</a> and 'backward' error analysis"<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-wilkinson-25">[25]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Physical_Laboratory_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)">National Physical Laboratory</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1971 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John McCarthy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/80px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/120px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg/160px-John_McCarthy_Stanford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2013" data-file-height="2332" /></a> </td> <td>"McCarthy's lecture 'The Present State of Research on Artificial Intelligence' is a topic that covers the area in which he has achieved considerable recognition for his work."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-mccarthy-27">[27]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1972 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Edsger W. Dijkstra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg/80px-Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg/120px-Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg/160px-Edsger_Wybe_Dijkstra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a> </td> <td>"Edsger Dijkstra was a principal contributor in the late 1950s to the development of the <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a>, a high level <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> which has become a model of clarity and mathematical rigor. He is one of the principal proponents of the science and art of programming languages in general, and has greatly contributed to our understanding of their structure, representation, and implementation. His fifteen years of publications extend from theoretical articles on <a href="/wiki/Graph_theory" title="Graph theory">graph theory</a> to basic manuals, expository texts, and philosophical contemplations in the field of programming languages."<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-dijkstra-29">[29]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Centrum_Wiskunde_%26_Informatica" title="Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica">Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_University_of_Technology" title="Eindhoven University of Technology">Eindhoven University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1973 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">Charles Bachman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles Bachman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg/80px-Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg/120px-Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg/160px-Charles_Bachman_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="1200" /></a> </td> <td>"For his outstanding contributions to <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> technology"<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-bachman-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>General Electric Research Laboratory (now under <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">Groupe Bull</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a> company) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1974 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Donald Knuth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/80px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/120px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg/160px-KnuthAtOpenContentAlliance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="505" /></a> </td> <td>"For his major contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms" title="Analysis of algorithms">analysis of algorithms</a> and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to "<a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Computer_Programming" title="The Art of Computer Programming">The Art of Computer Programming</a>" through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title"<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-knuth-33">[33]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Defense_Analyses#Center_for_Communications_and_Computing" title="Institute for Defense Analyses">Center for Communications Research, Center for Communications and Computing, Institute for Defense Analyses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">1975 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td rowspan="2">"In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/J._C._Shaw" class="mw-redirect" title="J. C. Shaw">J. C. Shaw</a> at the <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>, and subsequently with numerous faculty and student colleagues at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, they have made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of <a href="/wiki/Human_cognition" class="mw-redirect" title="Human cognition">human cognition</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="List processing">list processing</a>."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-newell-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-simon-36">[36]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_A._Simon_and_Allen_Newell_Chess_Match_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Herbert A. Simon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Herbert_A._Simon_and_Allen_Newell_Chess_Match_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Herbert_A._Simon_and_Allen_Newell_Chess_Match_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Herbert_A._Simon_and_Allen_Newell_Chess_Match_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="104" data-file-height="158" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">1976 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_O._Rabin" title="Michael O. Rabin">Michael O. Rabin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:M_O_Rabin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Michael O. Rabin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M_O_Rabin.jpg/80px-M_O_Rabin.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M_O_Rabin.jpg/120px-M_O_Rabin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/M_O_Rabin.jpg/160px-M_O_Rabin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For their joint paper '<a href="/wiki/Finite_Automata" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite Automata">Finite Automata</a> and Their Decision Problem',<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> which introduced the idea of <a href="/wiki/Nondeterministic_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondeterministic machine">nondeterministic machines</a>, a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field"<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-rabin-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-scott-41">[41]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dana_Scott" title="Dana Scott">Dana Scott</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Scott_Dana_small.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dana Scott" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Scott_Dana_small.jpg/80px-Scott_Dana_small.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Scott_Dana_small.jpg/120px-Scott_Dana_small.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Scott_Dana_small.jpg/160px-Scott_Dana_small.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="930" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1977 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:John_Backus_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Backus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Backus_2.jpg/80px-John_Backus_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Backus_2.jpg/120px-John_Backus_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/John_Backus_2.jpg/160px-John_Backus_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="356" /></a> </td> <td>"For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on <a href="/wiki/FORTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="FORTRAN">FORTRAN</a>, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming languages</a>"<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-backus-43">[43]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1978 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">Robert W. Floyd</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>: the theory of <a href="/wiki/Parsing" title="Parsing">parsing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a> of programming languages, automatic <a href="/wiki/Program_verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Program verification">program verification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_programming" title="Automatic programming">automatic program synthesis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Analysis_of_algorithms" title="Analysis of algorithms">analysis of algorithms</a>"<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1979 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" title="Kenneth E. Iverson">Kenneth E. Iverson</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as <a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a>, for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice"<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-iverson-46">[46]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1980 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tony Hoare" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg/80px-Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg/120px-Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg/160px-Sir_Tony_Hoare_IMG_5125.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="3744" /></a> </td> <td>"For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages"<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-hoare-48">[48]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1981 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar F. Codd</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems, esp. <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational databases</a>"<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-codd-50">[50]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1982 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cook" title="Stephen Cook">Stephen Cook</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Prof.Cook_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stephen Cook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Prof.Cook_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="375" /></a> </td> <td>"For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way"<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-cook-52">[52]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">1983 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson_(computer_programmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ken Thompson (computer programmer)">Ken Thompson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ken_Thompson_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ken Thompson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ken_Thompson_02.jpg/80px-Ken_Thompson_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ken_Thompson_02.jpg/120px-Ken_Thompson_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ken_Thompson_02.jpg/160px-Ken_Thompson_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="255" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a> operating system"<a href="#cite_note-Thompson-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ritchie-54">[54]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dennis Ritchie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg/80px-Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg/120px-Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg/160px-Dennis_Ritchie_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="717" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1984 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Niklaus_Wirth,_UrGU_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Niklaus Wirth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Niklaus_Wirth%2C_UrGU_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="389" /></a> </td> <td>"For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, <a href="/wiki/Euler_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Euler programming language">EULER</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algol-W" class="mw-redirect" title="Algol-W">ALGOL-W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modula" title="Modula">MODULA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(programming_language)" title="Oberon (programming language)">Oberon</a>"<a href="#cite_note-wirth-55">[55]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a>, <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1985 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">Richard M. Karp</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Richard M. Karp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg/80px-Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg/120px-Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg/160px-Karp_mg_7725-b.cr2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2003" /></a> </td> <td>"For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for <a href="/wiki/Network_flow_problem" title="Network flow problem">network flow</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Combinatorial_optimization" title="Combinatorial optimization">combinatorial optimization</a> problems, the identification of <a href="/wiki/P_(complexity)" title="P (complexity)">polynomial-time computability</a> with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of <a href="/wiki/NP-complete" class="mw-redirect" title="NP-complete">NP-completeness</a>"<a href="#cite_note-karp-56">[56]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">1986 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Hopcroft" title="John Hopcroft">John Hopcroft</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hopcrofg_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Hopcroft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Hopcrofg_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="523" data-file-height="672" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures"<a href="#cite_note-hopcroft-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-tarjan-58">[58]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Tarjan" title="Robert Tarjan">Robert Tarjan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Tarjan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Robert Tarjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bob_Tarjan.jpg/80px-Bob_Tarjan.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bob_Tarjan.jpg/120px-Bob_Tarjan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bob_Tarjan.jpg/160px-Bob_Tarjan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1371" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1987 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For significant contributions in the design and theory of <a href="/wiki/Compilers" class="mw-redirect" title="Compilers">compilers</a>, the architecture of large systems and the development of <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">reduced instruction set computers</a> (RISC)"<a href="#cite_note-cocke-59">[59]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1988 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ivan Sutherland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg/80px-Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg/120px-Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg/160px-Ivan_Sutherland_at_CHM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="564" /></a> </td> <td>"For his pioneering and visionary contributions to <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">computer graphics</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a>, and continuing after"<a href="#cite_note-sutherland-60">[60]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1989 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">William Kahan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:William_Kahan_2008_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="William Kahan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-William_Kahan_2008_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1933" /></a> </td> <td>"For his fundamental contributions to <a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical analysis</a>. One of the foremost experts on <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic" title="Floating-point arithmetic">floating-point computations</a>, Kahan has dedicated himself to 'making the world safe for numerical computations!'"<a href="#cite_note-kahan-61">[61]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">Fernando J. Corbató</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_Corbato.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fernando J. Corbató" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/80px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/120px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fernando_Corbato.jpg/160px-Fernando_Corbato.jpg 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="379" /></a> </td> <td>"For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, <a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">time-sharing</a> and resource-sharing computer systems, <a href="/wiki/Compatible_Time-Sharing_System" title="Compatible Time-Sharing System">CTSS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a>"<a href="#cite_note-corbato-62">[62]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1991 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td>"For three distinct and complete achievements: <ol><li><a href="/wiki/LCF_theorem_prover" class="mw-redirect" title="LCF theorem prover">LCF</a>, the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for <a href="/wiki/Automated_theorem_proving" title="Automated theorem proving">machine assisted proof construction</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="ML programming language">ML</a>, the first language to include polymorphic <a href="/wiki/Type_inference" title="Type inference">type inference</a> together with a <a href="/wiki/Type_safety" title="Type safety">type-safe</a> <a href="/wiki/Exception_handling" title="Exception handling">exception-handling</a> mechanism;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculus_of_communicating_systems" title="Calculus of communicating systems">CCS</a>, a general theory of <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)" title="Concurrency (computer science)">concurrency</a></li></ol> In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced <a href="/wiki/Full_abstraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Full abstraction">full abstraction</a>, the study of the relationship between <a href="/wiki/Operational_semantics" title="Operational semantics">operational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denotational_semantics" title="Denotational semantics">denotational</a> <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a>."<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-milner-64">[64]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1992 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Butler Lampson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Professional_Developers_Conference_2009_Technical_Leaders_Panel_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1388" data-file-height="1884" /></a> </td> <td>"For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: <a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">workstations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">networks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, programming systems, <a href="/wiki/Computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer display">displays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">document publishing</a>"<a href="#cite_note-lampson-65">[65]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">PARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">1993 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Juris_Hartmanis" title="Juris Hartmanis">Juris Hartmanis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Juris_Hartmanis(2002).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Juris Hartmanis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg/80px-Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg/120px-Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg/160px-Juris_Hartmanis%282002%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">computational complexity theory</a>"<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-hartmanis-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-stearns-68">[68]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">General Electric Research Laboratory (now under <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Bull" title="Groupe Bull">Groupe Bull</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Atos" title="Atos">Atos</a> company) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Stearns" title="Richard E. Stearns">Richard E. Stearns</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dick_Stearns_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Richard E. Stearns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Dick_Stearns_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="480" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">1994 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Edward Feigenbaum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Edward A. Feigenbaum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg/80px-27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg/120px-27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg/160px-27._Dr._Edward_A._Feigenbaum_1994-1997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1456" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology"<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-feigenbaum-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-reddy-71">[71]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Raj Reddy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg/80px-ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg/120px-ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg/160px-ProfReddys_Photo_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="751" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1995 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blum" title="Manuel Blum">Manuel Blum</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Blum_manuel_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manuel Blum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Blum_manuel_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="368" /></a> </td> <td>"In recognition of his contributions to the foundations of <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">computational complexity theory</a> and its application to <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Program_verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Program verification">program checking</a>"<a href="#cite_note-Blum-72">[72]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1996 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Amir_Pnueli" title="Amir Pnueli">Amir Pnueli</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Amir_Pnueli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Amir Pnueli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amir_Pnueli.jpg/80px-Amir_Pnueli.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amir_Pnueli.jpg/120px-Amir_Pnueli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Amir_Pnueli.jpg/160px-Amir_Pnueli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="480" /></a> </td> <td>"For seminal work introducing <a href="/wiki/Temporal_logic" title="Temporal logic">temporal logic</a> into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and systems <a href="/wiki/Formal_verification" title="Formal verification">verification</a>"<a href="#cite_note-Pnueli-73">[73]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute of Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courant_Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences" title="Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences">Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1997 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Douglas Engelbart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg/80px-Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg/120px-Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg/160px-Douglas_Engelbart_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1212" data-file-height="1496" /></a> </td> <td>"For an inspiring vision of the future of interactive computing and the invention of key technologies to help realize this vision"<a href="#cite_note-Engelbart-74">[74]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tymshare" title="Tymshare">Tymshare</a>, <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>, Bootstrap Institute/Alliance,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Doug_Engelbart_Institute" title="The Doug Engelbart Institute">The Doug Engelbart Institute</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1998 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">Jim Gray</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jim Gray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Jim_Gray_Computing_in_the_21st_Century_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="245" /></a> </td> <td>"For seminal contributions to <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">transaction processing</a> research and technical leadership in system implementation"<a href="#cite_note-gray-76">[76]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1999 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Fred_Brooks_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fred Brooks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Fred_Brooks_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="802" /></a> </td> <td>"For landmark contributions to <a href="/wiki/Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">computer architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating systems">operating systems</a>, and software engineering"<a href="#cite_note-brooks-77">[77]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2000 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yao" title="Andrew Yao">Andrew Yao</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Yao_MFO_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Andrew Yao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Andrew_Yao_MFO_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="71" data-file-height="126" /></a> </td> <td>"In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_computation" title="Theory of computation">theory of computation</a>, including the complexity-based theory of <a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom_number_generator" title="Pseudorandom number generator">pseudorandom number generation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Communication_complexity" title="Communication complexity">communication complexity</a>"<a href="#cite_note-yao-78">[78]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2">2001 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td rowspan="2">"For ideas fundamental to the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a>, through their design of the programming languages <a href="/wiki/Simula_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Simula I">Simula I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simula_67" class="mw-redirect" title="Simula 67">Simula 67</a>"<a href="#cite_note-dahl-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-nygaard-80">[80]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Computing_Center" title="Norwegian Computing Center">Norwegian Computing Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oslo" title="University of Oslo">University of Oslo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kristen Nygaard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png/80px-Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png/120px-Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png/160px-Kristen-Nygaard-SBLP-1997-head.png 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="392" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="3">2002 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">Ron Rivest</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ron Rivest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg/80px-Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg/120px-Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg/160px-Ronald_L_Rivest_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="604" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3">"For <a href="/wiki/RSA_(algorithm)" class="mw-redirect" title="RSA (algorithm)">their ingenious contribution</a> for making <a href="/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" title="Public-key cryptography">public-key cryptography</a> useful in practice"<a href="#cite_note-rivest-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-shamir-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-adleman-83">[83]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_(2013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Adi Shamir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg/80px-Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg/120px-Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg/160px-Adi_Shamir_at_TU_Darmstadt_%282013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Adleman" title="Leonard Adleman">Leonard Adleman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Len-mankin-pic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Leonard Adleman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Len-mankin-pic.jpg/80px-Len-mankin-pic.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Len-mankin-pic.jpg/120px-Len-mankin-pic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Len-mankin-pic.jpg/160px-Len-mankin-pic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="1640" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2003 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Kay_(3097597186)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Alan Kay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Alan_Kay_%283097597186%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1180" /></a> </td> <td>"For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented programming language">object-oriented programming languages</a>, leading the team that developed <a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing"<a href="#cite_note-kay-84">[84]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">PARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atari_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Atari Inc.">Atari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> <a href="/wiki/Apple_Advanced_Technology_Group" title="Apple Advanced Technology Group">ATG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Imagineering" title="Walt Disney Imagineering">Walt Disney Imagineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viewpoints_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Viewpoints Research Institute">Viewpoints Research Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a> <a href="/wiki/HP_Labs" title="HP Labs">Labs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">2004 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vint Cerf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Dr_Vint_Cerf_ForMemRS_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="960" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For pioneering work on <a href="/wiki/Internetworking" title="Internetworking">internetworking</a>, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a>, and for inspired leadership in networking"<a href="#cite_note-cerf-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-kahn-86">[86]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/MCI_Communications" title="MCI Communications">MCI</a> (now under <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon</a>), <a href="/wiki/CNRI" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRI">CNRI</a>, Google </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Kahn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bob Kahn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bob_Kahn.jpg/80px-Bob_Kahn.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bob_Kahn.jpg/120px-Bob_Kahn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Bob_Kahn.jpg/160px-Bob_Kahn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2255" data-file-height="2614" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolt_Beranek_and_Newman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt Beranek and Newman">Bolt Beranek and Newman</a>, <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNRI" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRI">CNRI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2005 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Peternaur.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Peter Naur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peternaur.JPG/80px-Peternaur.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peternaur.JPG/120px-Peternaur.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Peternaur.JPG/160px-Peternaur.JPG 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="1118" /></a> </td> <td>"For fundamental contributions to <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a> design and the definition of <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL 60</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a> design, and to the art and practice of computer programming"<a href="#cite_note-naur-87">[87]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Regnecentralen" title="Regnecentralen">Regnecentralen</a> (now under <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2006 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">Frances Allen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Frances Allen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/80px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/120px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg/160px-Allen_mg_2528-3750K-b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="2912" /></a> </td> <td>"For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and automatic parallel execution"<a href="#cite_note-allen-88">[88]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="3">2007 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Edmund_M._Clarke" title="Edmund M. Clarke">Edmund M. Clarke</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Edmund M. Clarke" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Edmund_Clarke_FLoC_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="304" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3">"For their role in developing <a href="/wiki/Model_checking" title="Model checking">model checking</a> into a highly effective verification technology, widely adopted in the hardware and software industries"<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-clarke-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-emerson-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-sifakis-92">[92]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E._Allen_Emerson" title="E. Allen Emerson">E. Allen Emerson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:E-allen-emerson_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="E. Allen Emerson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-E-allen-emerson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="570" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Joseph Sifakis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg/80px-Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg/120px-Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg/160px-Joseph_Sifakis_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1780" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2008 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">Barbara Liskov</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Barbara Liskov" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg/80px-Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg/120px-Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg/160px-Barbara_Liskov_MIT_computer_scientist_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1857" data-file-height="2600" /></a> </td> <td>"For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to <a href="/wiki/Data_abstraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Data abstraction">data abstraction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fault_tolerance" title="Fault tolerance">fault tolerance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a>"<a href="#cite_note-liskov-13">[13]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2009 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">Charles P. Thacker</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Chuckthacker_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Charles P. Thacker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Chuckthacker_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="2327" /></a> </td> <td>"For his pioneering design and realization of the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a>, the first modern personal computer, and in addition for his contributions to the Ethernet and the <a href="/wiki/Tablet_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablet PC">Tablet PC</a>"<a href="#cite_note-thacker-93">[93]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xerox_PARC" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox PARC">PARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2010 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">Leslie Valiant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Leslie_Valiant_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Leslie Valiant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leslie_Valiant_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Leslie_Valiant_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Leslie_Valiant_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="129" /></a> </td> <td>"For transformative contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_computation" title="Theory of computation">theory of computation</a>, including the theory of probably approximately correct (<a href="/wiki/Probably_approximately_correct_learning" title="Probably approximately correct learning">PAC</a>) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_computation" class="mw-redirect" title="Algebraic computation">algebraic computation</a>, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing"<a href="#cite_note-valiant-94">[94]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2011 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">Judea Pearl</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_(11781981594)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Judea Pearl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Judea_Pearl_at_NIPS_2013_%2811781981594%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="626" /></a> </td> <td>"For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning"<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Institute_of_Technology" title="New Jersey Institute of Technology">New Jersey Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">2012 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">Silvio Micali</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Silvio_Micali_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Silvio Micali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Silvio_Micali_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="720" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For transformative work that laid the complexity-theoretic foundations for the science of cryptography and in the process pioneered new methods for efficient verification of mathematical proofs in complexity theory"<a href="#cite_note-goldwasser-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-micali-98">[98]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">Shafi Goldwasser</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Shafi Goldwasser" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG/80px-Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG/120px-Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG/160px-Shafi_Goldwasser.JPG 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="945" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute of Science</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2013 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Leslie_Lamport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Leslie Lamport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/80px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/120px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Leslie_Lamport.jpg/160px-Leslie_Lamport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="500" /></a> </td> <td>"For fundamental contributions to the theory and practice of distributed and concurrent systems, notably the invention of concepts such as causality and logical clocks, safety and liveness, replicated state machines, and <a href="/wiki/Sequential_consistency" title="Sequential consistency">sequential consistency</a>"<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-lamport-101">[101]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Computer_Associates" title="Massachusetts Computer Associates">Massachusetts Computer Associates</a> (now under Essig PLM), <a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> (now under <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a>), <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2014 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker" title="Michael Stonebraker">Michael Stonebraker</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Michael Stonebraker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg/80px-Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg/120px-Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg/160px-Michael_Stonebraker_P1120062.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3456" /></a> </td> <td>"For fundamental contributions to the concepts and practices underlying modern database systems"<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-stonebraker-103">[103]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">2015 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Whitfield_Diffie" title="Whitfield Diffie">Whitfield Diffie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Whitfield Diffie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Whitfield_Diffie_Royal_Society_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="471" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For fundamental contributions to modern cryptography. Diffie and Hellman's groundbreaking 1976 paper, 'New Directions in Cryptography',<a href="#cite_note-DiffieHellman1976-104">[104]</a> introduced the ideas of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, which are the foundation for most regularly-used security protocols on the Internet today."<a href="#cite_note-diffie-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-hellman-106">[106]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">Martin Hellman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Martin-Hellman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Martin Hellman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Martin-Hellman.jpg/80px-Martin-Hellman.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Martin-Hellman.jpg/120px-Martin-Hellman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Martin-Hellman.jpg/160px-Martin-Hellman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="280" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2016 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tim Berners-Lee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Sir_Tim_Berners-Lee_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="713" /></a> </td> <td>"For inventing the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>, and the fundamental protocols and algorithms allowing the Web to scale"<a href="#cite_note-berners-lee-107">[107]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">2017 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:John_L_Hennessy_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John L. Hennessy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-John_L_Hennessy_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="864" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> industry"<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-hennessy-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-patterson-110">[110]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">David Patterson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:David_A_Patterson_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="David Patterson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-David_A_Patterson_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="3">2018 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yoshua Bengio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg/80px-Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg/120px-Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg/160px-Yoshua_Bengio_-_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="1985" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="3">"For conceptual and engineering breakthroughs that have made <a href="/wiki/Deep_neural_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep neural networks">deep neural networks</a> a critical component of computing"<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-bengio-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-hinton-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-lecun-114">[114]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Université de Montréal">Université de Montréal</a>, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mila_(research_institute)" title="Mila (research institute)">Mila</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Geoffrey Hinton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Geoffrey_Hinton_-_Collision_2023_-_Centre_Stage_RCZ_1307_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1529" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google_AI" title="Google AI">Google AI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Yann_LeCun_-_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Yann LeCun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-Yann_LeCun_-_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="1490" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courant_Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences" title="Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences">Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meta_AI" title="Meta AI">Meta AI</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">2019 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">Edwin Catmull</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Edwin Catmull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg/80px-VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg/120px-VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg/160px-VES_Awards_89_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="750" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">"For fundamental contributions to <a href="/wiki/3-D_computer_graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="3-D computer graphics">3-D computer graphics</a>, and the revolutionary impact of these techniques on <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a> (CGI) in filmmaking and other applications"<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-catmull-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-hanrahan-117">[117]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Pat Hanrahan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg/80px-Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg/120px-Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg/160px-Pat_Hanrahan_Tableau_Customer_Conference_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1024" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pixar" title="Pixar">Pixar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="rowgroup" rowspan="2">2020 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">Alfred Aho</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td rowspan="2">"For fundamental algorithms and theory underlying programming language implementation and for synthesizing these results and those of others in their highly influential books, which educated generations of computer scientists"<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-aho-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-ullman-120">[120]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">Jeffrey Ullman</a> </td> <td align="center">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2021 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jack Dongarra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg/80px-Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg/120px-Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg/160px-Jack-dongarra-2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </td> <td>"For pioneering contributions to numerical algorithms and libraries that enabled high performance computational software to keep pace with exponential hardware improvements for over four decades"<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-dongarra-122">[122]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory" title="Oak Ridge National Laboratory">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&M University">Texas A&M University</a> <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University_Institute_for_Advanced_Study" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas A&M University Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tennessee" title="University of Tennessee">University of Tennessee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" title="Rice University">Rice University</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2022 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:With_Bob_Metcalfe_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Robert Metcalfe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg/160px-With_Bob_Metcalfe_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="355" data-file-height="486" /></a> </td> <td>"For the invention, standardization, and commercialization of <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a>"<a href="#cite_note-metcalfe-123">[123]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Xerox PARC</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2023 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">Avi Wigderson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Avi_Wigderson_(London_2012)_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Avi Wigderson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg/80px-Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg/120px-Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg/160px-Avi_Wigderson_%28London_2012%29_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="288" /></a> </td> <td>"For reshaping our understanding of the role of randomness in computation, and for decades of intellectual leadership in theoretical computer science"<a href="#cite_note-wigderson-15">[15]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_John_von_Neumann_Medal" title="IEEE John von Neumann Medal">IEEE John von Neumann Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_named_after_people" title="List of awards named after people">List of awards named after people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_science_awards" title="List of computer science awards">List of computer science awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer-related_awards" title="List of computer-related awards">List of computer-related awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pioneers_in_computer_science" title="List of pioneers in computer science">List of pioneers in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Awards" title="Association for Computing Machinery">List of ACM Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field" title="List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field">List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-million-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-million_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-million_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCACM_Staff2014" class="citation journal cs1">CACM Staff (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2685372">"ACM's Turing Award prize raised to $1 million"</a>. 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Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426093320/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/perlis_0132439.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+J+Perlis+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=David+Nofre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fperlis_0132439.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes1968" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkes, M. V. 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Journal of the ACM. 15: 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321439.321440">10.1145/321439.321440</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9846847">9846847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Computers+then+and+Now&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321439.321440&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9846847%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321439.321440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilkes-19"><a href="#cite_ref-wilkes_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Campbell-Kelly" class="citation web cs1">Martin Campbell-Kelly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkes_1001395.cfm">"Maurice V. Wilkes - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107010210/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkes_1001395.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maurice+V.+Wilkes+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Martin+Campbell-Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fwilkes_1001395.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamming1969" class="citation journal cs1">Hamming, R. W. 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Journal of the ACM. 16: 3–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321495.321497">10.1145/321495.321497</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6868310">6868310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=One+Man%27s+View+of+Computer+Science&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=3-12&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321495.321497&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6868310%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hamming&rft.aufirst=R.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321495.321497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamming-21"><a href="#cite_ref-hamming_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmund_F._Robertson" class="citation web cs1">Edmund F. 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Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+W.+Hamming+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Edmund+F.+Robertson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhamming_1000652.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinsky1970" class="citation journal cs1">Minsky, M. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321574.321575">"Form and Content in Computer Science (1970 ACM turing lecture)"</a>. Journal of the ACM. 17 (2): 197–215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321574.321575">10.1145/321574.321575</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15661281">15661281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Form+and+Content+in+Computer+Science+%281970+ACM+turing+lecture%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=197-215&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321574.321575&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15661281%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Minsky&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321574.321575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-minsky-23"><a href="#cite_ref-minsky_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Henry_Winston" class="citation web cs1">Patrick Henry Winston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/minsky_7440781.cfm">"Marvin Minsky - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055230/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/minsky_7440781.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marvin+Minsky+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Patrick+Henry+Winston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fminsky_7440781.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1971" class="citation journal cs1">Wilkinson, J. H. 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Journal of the ACM. 18 (2): 137–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F321637.321638">10.1145/321637.321638</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37748083">37748083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Some+Comments+from+a+Numerical+Analyst&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=137-147&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F321637.321638&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37748083%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F321637.321638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wilkinson-25"><a href="#cite_ref-wilkinson_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeresford_Neill_Parlett" class="citation web cs1">Beresford Neill Parlett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkinson_0671216.cfm">"James Hardy ("Jim") Wilkinson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105004055/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkinson_0671216.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Hardy+%28%22Jim%22%29+Wilkinson+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Beresford+Neill+Parlett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fwilkinson_0671216.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy1987" class="citation journal cs1">McCarthy, J. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/generality.ps">"Generality in artificial intelligence"</a>. 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Retrieved November 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Generality+in+artificial+intelligence&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1030-1035&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F33447.33448&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1045033%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-formal.stanford.edu%2Fjmc%2Fgenerality.ps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mccarthy-27"><a href="#cite_ref-mccarthy_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLester_Earnest" class="citation web cs1">Lester Earnest. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_1118322.cfm">"John Mccarthy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903190145/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_0239596.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Mccarthy+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Lester+Earnest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fmccarthy_1118322.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijkstra1972" class="citation journal cs1">Dijkstra, E. W. 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Communications of the ACM. 15 (10): 859–866. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F355604.361591">10.1145/355604.361591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=The+humble+programmer&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=859-866&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F355604.361591&rft.aulast=Dijkstra&rft.aufirst=E.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F355604.361591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dijkstra-29"><a href="#cite_ref-dijkstra_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton_Richards" class="citation web cs1">Hamilton Richards. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dijkstra_1053701.cfm">"Edsger Wybe Dijkstra - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045727/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dijkstra_1053701.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edsger+Wybe+Dijkstra+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Hamilton+Richards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fdijkstra_1053701.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachman1973" class="citation journal cs1">Bachman, C. W. 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Communications of the ACM. 16 (11): 653–658. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F355611.362534">10.1145/355611.362534</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=The+programmer+as+navigator&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=653-658&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F355611.362534&rft.aulast=Bachman&rft.aufirst=C.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F355611.362534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bachman-31"><a href="#cite_ref-bachman_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bachman_9385610.cfm">"Charles William Bachman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201002063303/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bachman_9385610.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+William+Bachman+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fbachman_9385610.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnuth1974" class="citation journal cs1">Knuth, D. E. 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Communications of the ACM. 17 (12): 667–673. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F361604.361612">10.1145/361604.361612</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Computer+programming+as+an+art&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=667-673&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F361604.361612&rft.aulast=Knuth&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F361604.361612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-knuth-33"><a href="#cite_ref-knuth_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Walden" class="citation web cs1">David Walden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm">"Donald ("Don") Ervin Knuth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191017231352/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+%28%22Don%22%29+Ervin+Knuth+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=David+Walden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fknuth_1013846.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewellSimon1976" class="citation journal cs1">Newell, A.; Simon, H. 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Communications of the ACM. 19 (3): 113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F360018.360022">10.1145/360018.360022</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Computer+science+as+empirical+inquiry%3A+Symbols+and+search&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=113&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F360018.360022&rft.aulast=Newell&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Simon%2C+H.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F360018.360022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-newell-35"><a href="#cite_ref-newell_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter_Heyck" class="citation web cs1">Hunter Heyck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm">"Allen Newell - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016155145/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allen+Newell+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Hunter+Heyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fnewell_3167755.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-simon-36"><a href="#cite_ref-simon_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter_Heyck" class="citation web cs1">Hunter Heyck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/simon_1031467.cfm">"Herbert ("Herb") Alexander Simon - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418204548/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/simon_1031467.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herbert+%28%22Herb%22%29+Alexander+Simon+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Hunter+Heyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fsimon_1031467.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinScott1959" class="citation journal cs1">Rabin, M. 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Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 625–633. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F359810.359816">10.1145/359810.359816</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Complexity+of+computations&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=625-633&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F359810.359816&rft.aulast=Rabin&rft.aufirst=M.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F359810.359816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1977" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, D. S. 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Communications of the ACM. 20 (9): 634–641. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F359810.359826">10.1145/359810.359826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Logic+and+programming+languages&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=634-641&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F359810.359826&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F359810.359826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rabin-40"><a href="#cite_ref-rabin_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rabin_9681074.cfm">"Michael O. Rabin - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055233/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rabin_9681074.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+O.+Rabin+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Frabin_9681074.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-scott-41"><a href="#cite_ref-scott_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm">"Dana Steward Scott - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045724/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dana+Steward+Scott+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fscott_1193622.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBackus1978" class="citation journal cs1">Backus, J. 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("Ken") Iverson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403210405/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/iverson_9147499.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kenneth+E.+%28%22Ken%22%29+Iverson+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Keith+Smillie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fiverson_9147499.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare1981" class="citation journal cs1">Hoare, C. A. R. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358549.358561">"The emperor's old clothes"</a>. Communications of the ACM. 24 (2): 75–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358549.358561">10.1145/358549.358561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=The+emperor%27s+old+clothes&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=75-83&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F358549.358561&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=C.+A.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F358549.358561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoare-48"><a href="#cite_ref-hoare_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCliff_Jones" class="citation web cs1">Cliff Jones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hoare_4622167.cfm">"C. Antony ("Tony") R. Hoare - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120701153542/http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=4622167&srt=year&year=1980&aw=140&ao=AMTURING">Archived</a> from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C.+Antony+%28%22Tony%22%29+R.+Hoare+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Cliff+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhoare_4622167.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCodd1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Codd, E. F.</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358396.358400">"Relational database: A practical foundation for productivity"</a>. Communications of the ACM. 25 (2): 109–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358396.358400">10.1145/358396.358400</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Relational+database%3A+A+practical+foundation+for+productivity&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=109-117&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F358396.358400&rft.aulast=Codd&rft.aufirst=E.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F358396.358400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-codd-50"><a href="#cite_ref-codd_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._J._Date" class="citation web cs1">C. J. Date. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/codd_1000892.cfm">"Edgar F. ("Ted") Codd - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171223141345/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/codd_1000892.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edgar+F.+%28%22Ted%22%29+Codd+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=C.+J.+Date&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcodd_1000892.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1983" class="citation journal cs1">Cook, S. A. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358141.358144">"An overview of computational complexity"</a>. Communications of the ACM. 26 (6): 400–408. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F358141.358144">10.1145/358141.358144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+computational+complexity&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=400-408&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F358141.358144&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=S.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F358141.358144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cook-52"><a href="#cite_ref-cook_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Kapron" class="citation web cs1">Bruce Kapron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm">"Stephen Arthur Cook - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191021042959/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stephen+Arthur+Cook+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Bruce+Kapron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcook_n991950.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Thompson_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Van_Vleck" class="citation web cs1">Tom Van Vleck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm">"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Kenneth Lane Thompson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190809072519/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Kenneth+Lane+Thompson&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Tom+Van+Vleck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fthompson_4588371.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ritchie-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Ritchie_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_Van_Vleck" class="citation web cs1">Tom Van Vleck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm">"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Dennis M. Ritchie"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112748/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Dennis+M.+Ritchie&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Tom+Van+Vleck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fritchie_1506389.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wirth-55"><a href="#cite_ref-wirth_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm">"Niklaus E. Wirth - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629084838/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Niklaus+E.+Wirth+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fwirth_1025774.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-karp-56"><a href="#cite_ref-karp_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._SimonsD._Gusfield" class="citation web cs1">B. Simons; D. Gusfield. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm">"Richard ("Dick") Manning Karp - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704175158/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+%28%22Dick%22%29+Manning+Karp+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=B.+Simons&rft.au=D.+Gusfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkarp_3256708.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hopcroft-57"><a href="#cite_ref-hopcroft_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm">"John E. Hopcroft - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027145715/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+E.+Hopcroft+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhopcroft_1053917.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tarjan-58"><a href="#cite_ref-tarjan_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFV._King" class="citation web cs1">V. King. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm">"Robert (Bob) Endre Tarjan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171030003443/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+%28Bob%29+Endre+Tarjan+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=V.+King&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Ftarjan_1092048.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cocke-59"><a href="#cite_ref-cocke_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_G._BurkeVivek_Sarkar" class="citation web cs1">Michael G. Burke; Vivek Sarkar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm">"John Cocke - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111122/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Cocke+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Michael+G.+Burke&rft.au=Vivek+Sarkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcocke_2083115.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sutherland-60"><a href="#cite_ref-sutherland_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Burton" class="citation web cs1">Robert Burton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm">"Ivan Sutherland - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111129/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ivan+Sutherland+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Robert+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fsutherland_3467412.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kahan-61"><a href="#cite_ref-kahan_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm">"William ("Velvel") Morton Kahan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111122/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahan_1023746.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=William+%28%22Velvel%22%29+Morton+Kahan+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkahan_1023746.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-corbato-62"><a href="#cite_ref-corbato_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._Van_Vleck" class="citation web cs1">T. Van Vleck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm">"Fernando J ("Corby") Corbato - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111126/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fernando+J+%28%22Corby%22%29+Corbato+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=T.+Van+Vleck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcorbato_1009471.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilner1993" class="citation journal cs1">Milner, R. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F151233.151240">"Elements of interaction: Turing award lecture"</a>. Communications of the ACM. 36: 78–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F151233.151240">10.1145/151233.151240</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Elements+of+interaction%3A+Turing+award+lecture&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=78-89&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F151233.151240&rft.aulast=Milner&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F151233.151240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-milner-64"><a href="#cite_ref-milner_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Fourman" class="citation web cs1">Michael Fourman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm">"Arthur John Robin Gorell ("Robin") Milner - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117052919/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arthur+John+Robin+Gorell+%28%22Robin%22%29+Milner+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Michael+Fourman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fmilner_1569367.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lampson-65"><a href="#cite_ref-lampson_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy_Levin" class="citation web cs1">Roy Levin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lampson_1142421.cfm">"Butler W Lampson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111124/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lampson_1142421.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Butler+W+Lampson+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Roy+Levin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Flampson_1142421.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStearns1994" class="citation journal cs1">Stearns, R. E. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F188280.188379">"Turing Award lecture: It's time to reconsider time"</a>. Communications of the ACM. 37 (11): 95–99. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F188280.188379">10.1145/188280.188379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Turing+Award+lecture%3A+It%27s+time+to+reconsider+time&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=95-99&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F188280.188379&rft.aulast=Stearns&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F188280.188379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hartmanis-67"><a href="#cite_ref-hartmanis_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan_Borodin" class="citation web cs1">Allan Borodin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hartmanis_1059260.cfm">"Juris Hartmanis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121135216/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hartmanis_1059260.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juris+Hartmanis+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Allan+Borodin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhartmanis_1059260.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stearns-68"><a href="#cite_ref-stearns_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stearns_1081900.cfm">"Richard ("Dick") Edwin Stearns - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240121135216/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stearns_1081900.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Richard+%28%22Dick%22%29+Edwin+Stearns+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fstearns_1081900.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReddy1996" class="citation journal cs1">Reddy, R. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F229459.233436">"To dream the possible dream"</a>. Communications of the ACM. 39 (5): 105–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F229459.233436">10.1145/229459.233436</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=To+dream+the+possible+dream&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=105-112&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F229459.233436&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F229459.233436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-feigenbaum-70"><a href="#cite_ref-feigenbaum_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNils_J._Nilsson" class="citation web cs1">Nils J. Nilsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm">"Edward A ("Ed") Feigenbaum - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054812/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+A+%28%22Ed%22%29+Feigenbaum+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Nils+J.+Nilsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Ffeigenbaum_4167235.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reddy-71"><a href="#cite_ref-reddy_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNils_J._Nilsson" class="citation web cs1">Nils J. Nilsson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm">"Dabbala Rajagopal ("Raj") Reddy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210050419/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dabbala+Rajagopal+%28%22Raj%22%29+Reddy+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Nils+J.+Nilsson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Freddy_9634208.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blum-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Blum_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristos_H._Papadimitriou" class="citation web cs1">Christos H. Papadimitriou. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/blum_4659082.cfm">"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Manuel Blum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211023010431/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/blum_4659082.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Manuel+Blum&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Christos+H.+Papadimitriou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fblum_4659082.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pnueli-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Pnueli_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLenore_Zuck" class="citation web cs1">Lenore Zuck. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm">"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Amir Pnueli"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020112749/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Amir+Pnueli&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Lenore+Zuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fpnueli_4725172.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engelbart-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Engelbart_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThierry_Bardini" class="citation web cs1">Thierry Bardini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/engelbart_5078811.cfm">"A.M. Turing Award Laureate – Douglas Engelbart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704002220/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/engelbart_5078811.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate+%E2%80%93+Douglas+Engelbart&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thierry+Bardini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fengelbart_5078811.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120714013459/http://www.dougengelbart.org/about/dei-footnote.html">"The Doug Engelbart Institute"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Doug_Engelbart_Institute" title="The Doug Engelbart Institute">The Doug Engelbart Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dougengelbart.org/about/dei-footnote.html">the original</a> on July 14, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Doug+Engelbart+Institute&rft.pub=The+Doug+Engelbart+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dougengelbart.org%2Fabout%2Fdei-footnote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gray-76"><a href="#cite_ref-gray_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_McJones" class="citation web cs1">Paul McJones. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm">"James ("Jim") Nicholas Gray - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111125/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+%28%22Jim%22%29+Nicholas+Gray+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Paul+McJones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fgray_3649936.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brooks-77"><a href="#cite_ref-brooks_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrady_Booch" class="citation web cs1">Grady Booch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/brooks_1002187.cfm">"Frederick ("Fred") Brooks - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111127/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/brooks_1002187.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frederick+%28%22Fred%22%29+Brooks+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Grady+Booch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fbrooks_1002187.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yao-78"><a href="#cite_ref-yao_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce_Kapron" class="citation web cs1">Bruce Kapron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm">"Andrew Chi-Chih Yao - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703221804/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/yao_1611524.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrew+Chi-Chih+Yao+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Bruce+Kapron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fyao_1611524.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dahl-79"><a href="#cite_ref-dahl_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_P._Black" class="citation web cs1">Andrew P. Black. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dahl_6917600.cfm">"Ole-Johan Dahl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012080253/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dahl_6917600.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ole-Johan+Dahl+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Andrew+P.+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fdahl_6917600.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nygaard-80"><a href="#cite_ref-nygaard_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOle_Lehrman_Madsen" class="citation web cs1">Ole Lehrman Madsen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/nygaard_5916220.cfm">"Kristen Nygaard - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055233/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/nygaard_5916220.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kristen+Nygaard+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Ole+Lehrman+Madsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fnygaard_5916220.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rivest-81"><a href="#cite_ref-rivest_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm">"Ronald (Ron) Linn Rivest - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011044647/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ronald+%28Ron%29+Linn+Rivest+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Frivest_1403005.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-shamir-82"><a href="#cite_ref-shamir_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/shamir_2327856.cfm">"Adi Shamir - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210055322/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/shamir_2327856.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adi+Shamir+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fshamir_2327856.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adleman-83"><a href="#cite_ref-adleman_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_BebelShang-Hua_Teng" class="citation web cs1">Joseph Bebel; Shang-Hua Teng. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm">"Leonard (Len) Max Adleman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003102050/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leonard+%28Len%29+Max+Adleman+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Joseph+Bebel&rft.au=Shang-Hua+Teng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fadleman_7308544.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kay-84"><a href="#cite_ref-kay_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_B._Barnes" class="citation web cs1">Susan B. Barnes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm">"Alan Kay - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011044645/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kay_3972189.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+Kay+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Susan+B.+Barnes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkay_3972189.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cerf-85"><a href="#cite_ref-cerf_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Abbate" class="citation web cs1">Janet Abbate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm">"Vinton ("Vint") Gray Cerf - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211011080741/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vinton+%28%22Vint%22%29+Gray+Cerf+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Janet+Abbate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcerf_1083211.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kahn-86"><a href="#cite_ref-kahn_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Abbate" class="citation web cs1">Janet Abbate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm">"Robert (Bob) Elliot Kahn - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713004804/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+%28Bob%29+Elliot+Kahn+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Janet+Abbate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fkahn_4598637.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-naur-87"><a href="#cite_ref-naur_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgar_G._Daylight" class="citation web cs1">Edgar G. Daylight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm">"Peter Naur - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162724/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peter+Naur+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Edgar+G.+Daylight&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fnaur_1024454.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allen-88"><a href="#cite_ref-allen_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuy_Steele" class="citation web cs1">Guy Steele. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm">"Frances ("Fran") Elizabeth Allen - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407093736/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frances+%28%22Fran%22%29+Elizabeth+Allen+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Guy+Steele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fallen_1012327.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddj.com/206103622">"2007 Turing Award Winners Announced"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102080853/http://www.ddj.com/206103622">Archived</a> from the original on November 2, 2009. Retrieved December 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2007+Turing+Award+Winners+Announced&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddj.com%2F206103622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-clarke-90"><a href="#cite_ref-clarke_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTed_Kirkpatrick" class="citation web cs1">Ted Kirkpatrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm">"Edmund Melson Clarke - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104191130/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edmund+Melson+Clarke+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Ted+Kirkpatrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fclarke_1167964.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-emerson-91"><a href="#cite_ref-emerson_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Wahl" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Wahl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm">"E. Allen Emerson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226045725/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.+Allen+Emerson+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Wahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Femerson_1671460.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sifakis-92"><a href="#cite_ref-sifakis_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCristian_S._Calude" class="citation web cs1">Cristian S. Calude. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm">"Joseph Sifakis - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128055236/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+Sifakis+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Cristian+S.+Calude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fsifakis_1701095.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thacker-93"><a href="#cite_ref-thacker_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thacker_1336106.cfm">"Charles P. (Chuck) Thacker - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211010203149/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thacker_1336106.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+P.+%28Chuck%29+Thacker+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fthacker_1336106.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-valiant-94"><a href="#cite_ref-valiant_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/valiant_2612174.cfm">"Leslie Gabriel Valiant - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117052920/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/valiant_2612174.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leslie+Gabriel+Valiant+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fvaliant_2612174.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearl2007" class="citation book cs1">Pearl, Judea (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1283920.2351636">ACM Turing Award Lectures</a> (mp4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1283920">10.1145/1283920</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-1049-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-1049-9"><bdi>978-1-4503-1049-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021071158/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1283920.2351636">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ACM+Turing+Award+Lectures&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1283920&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-1049-9&rft.aulast=Pearl&rft.aufirst=Judea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1145%2F1283920.2351636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart_J._Russell" class="citation web cs1">Stuart J. Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm">"Judea Pearl - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826024415/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pearl_2658896.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Judea+Pearl+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Stuart+J.+Russell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fpearl_2658896.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318034311/http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/">"Turing award 2012"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acm.org/press-room/news-releases/2013/turing-award-12/">the original</a> on March 18, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turing+award+2012&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acm.org%2Fpress-room%2Fnews-releases%2F2013%2Fturing-award-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-micali-98"><a href="#cite_ref-micali_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi_Wigderson" class="citation web cs1">Avi Wigderson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/micali_9954407.cfm">"Silvio Micali - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231211070649/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/micali_9954407.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silvio+Micali+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Avi+Wigderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fmicali_9954407.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm">"Turing award 2013"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116085443/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turing+award+2013&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Flamport_1205376.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamport1978" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Lamport, L.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf">"Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">Communications of the ACM</a>. 21 (7): 558–565. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.155.4742">10.1.1.155.4742</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F359545.359563">10.1145/359545.359563</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:215822405">215822405</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081031234845/http://research.microsoft.com/users/lamport/pubs/time-clocks.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 31, 2008. Retrieved August 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Time%2C+clocks%2C+and+the+ordering+of+events+in+a+distributed+system&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=558-565&rft.date=1978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.155.4742%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A215822405%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F359545.359563&rft.aulast=Lamport&rft.aufirst=L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fusers%2Flamport%2Fpubs%2Ftime-clocks.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lamport-101"><a href="#cite_ref-lamport_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahlia_MalkhiMartin_AbadiHagit_AttiyaIdit_Keidar" class="citation web cs1">Dahlia Malkhi; Martin Abadi; Hagit Attiya; Idit Keidar; Nancy Lynch; Nir Shavit; George Varghese; Len Shustek. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm">"Leslie Lamport - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230601004222/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lamport_1205376.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leslie+Lamport+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Dahlia+Malkhi&rft.au=Martin+Abadi&rft.au=Hagit+Attiya&rft.au=Idit+Keidar&rft.au=Nancy+Lynch&rft.au=Nir+Shavit&rft.au=George+Varghese&rft.au=Len+Shustek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Flamport_1205376.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm">"Turing award 2014"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703233056/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turing+award+2014&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fstonebraker_1172121.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stonebraker-103"><a href="#cite_ref-stonebraker_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm">"Michael Stonebreaker - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125025344/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stonebraker_1172121.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michael+Stonebreaker+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fstonebraker_1172121.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DiffieHellman1976-104"><a href="#cite_ref-DiffieHellman1976_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiffieHellman1976" class="citation journal cs1">Diffie, W.; Hellman, M. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf">"New directions in cryptography"</a> (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 22 (6): 644–654. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.37.9720">10.1.1.37.9720</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTIT.1976.1055638">10.1109/TIT.1976.1055638</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203090237/https://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Information+Theory&rft.atitle=New+directions+in+cryptography&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=644-654&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.37.9720%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTIT.1976.1055638&rft.aulast=Diffie&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Hellman%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-ee.stanford.edu%2F~hellman%2Fpublications%2F24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-diffie-105"><a href="#cite_ref-diffie_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm">"Cryptography Pioneers Receive 2015 ACM A.M. Turing Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704184453/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/diffie_8371646.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cryptography+Pioneers+Receive+2015+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fdiffie_8371646.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hellman-106"><a href="#cite_ref-hellman_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_R._Yost" class="citation web cs1">Jeffrey R. Yost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm">"Martin Hellman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922011018/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hellman_4055781.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Hellman+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Jeffrey+R.+Yost&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhellman_4055781.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-berners-lee-107"><a href="#cite_ref-berners-lee_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm">"Turing award 2016"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170406225836/http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/berners-lee_8087960.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turing+award+2016&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fberners-lee_8087960.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/march/turing-award-2017">"Pioneers of Modern Computer Architecture Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180325102258/https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/march/turing-award-2017">Archived</a> from the original on March 25, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pioneers+of+Modern+Computer+Architecture+Receive+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acm.org%2Fmedia-center%2F2018%2Fmarch%2Fturing-award-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hennessy-109"><a href="#cite_ref-hennessy_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_H._House" class="citation web cs1">Charles H. House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hennessy_1426931.cfm">"John L Hennessy - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015732/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hennessy_1426931.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+L+Hennessy+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Charles+H.+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhennessy_1426931.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-patterson-110"><a href="#cite_ref-patterson_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_H._House" class="citation web cs1">Charles H. House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/patterson_2316693.cfm">"Charles Patterson - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240107010154/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/patterson_2316693.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Patterson+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Charles+H.+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fpatterson_2316693.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/march/turing-award-2018">"Fathers of the Deep Learning Revolution Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823144344/https://www.acm.org/media-center/2019/march/turing-award-2018">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fathers+of+the+Deep+Learning+Revolution+Receive+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acm.org%2Fmedia-center%2F2019%2Fmarch%2Fturing-award-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bengio-112"><a href="#cite_ref-bengio_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bengio_3406375.cfm">"Yoshua Bengio - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127124119/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bengio_3406375.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoshua+Bengio+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fbengio_3406375.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hinton-113"><a href="#cite_ref-hinton_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hinton_4791679.cfm">"Geoffrey E. Hinton - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206160643/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hinton_4791679.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geoffrey+E.+Hinton+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhinton_4791679.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lecun-114"><a href="#cite_ref-lecun_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lecun_6017366.cfm">"Yann LeCun - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327011608/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lecun_6017366.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yann+LeCun+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Flecun_6017366.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awards.acm.org/about/2019-turing">"2019 ACM A.M. Turing Award Laureates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318184230/https://awards.acm.org/about/2019-turing">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2019+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureates&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawards.acm.org%2Fabout%2F2019-turing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-catmull-116"><a href="#cite_ref-catmull_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/catmull_1244219.cfm">"Edwin E. Catmull - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231123033148/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/catmull_1244219.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edwin+E.+Catmull+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fcatmull_1244219.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hanrahan-117"><a href="#cite_ref-hanrahan_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hanrahan_4652251.cfm">"Patrick M. Hanrahan - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104191129/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hanrahan_4652251.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrick+M.+Hanrahan+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fhanrahan_4652251.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awards.acm.org/about/2020-turing">"Columbia's Alfred Aho and Stanford's Jeffrey Ullman receive 2020 ACM A.M. Turing Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331134638/https://awards.acm.org/about/2020-turing">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Columbia%27s+Alfred+Aho+and+Stanford%27s+Jeffrey+Ullman+receive+2020+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawards.acm.org%2Fabout%2F2020-turing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aho-119"><a href="#cite_ref-aho_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/aho_1046358.cfm">"Alfred Vaino Aho - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113155523/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/aho_1046358.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alfred+Vaino+Aho+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Faho_1046358.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ullman-120"><a href="#cite_ref-ullman_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ullman_1054360.cfm">"Jeffrey David Ullman - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054808/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ullman_1054360.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jeffrey+David+Ullman+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fullman_1054360.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awards.acm.org/about/2021-turing">"Open Graph Title: University of Tennessee's Jack Dongarra receives 2021 ACM A.M. Turing Award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220505203908/https://awards.acm.org/about/2021-turing">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Graph+Title%3A+University+of+Tennessee%27s+Jack+Dongarra+receives+2021+ACM+A.M.+Turing+Award&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawards.acm.org%2Fabout%2F2021-turing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dongarra-122"><a href="#cite_ref-dongarra_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Haigh" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Haigh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dongarra_3406337.cfm">"Dr. Jack Dongarra - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240122054812/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dongarra_3406337.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Jack+Dongarra+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.au=Thomas+Haigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fdongarra_3406337.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-metcalfe-123"><a href="#cite_ref-metcalfe_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/metcalfe_3968158.cfm">"Robert Melancton Metcalfe - A.M. Turing Award Laureate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240113155322/https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/metcalfe_3968158.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Melancton+Metcalfe+-+A.M.+Turing+Award+Laureate&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famturing.acm.org%2Faward_winners%2Fmetcalfe_3968158.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATuring+Award" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turing_Award&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turing_Award" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turing Award">Turing Award</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amturing.acm.org/byyear.cfm">ACM Chronological listing of Turing Laureates</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn0nrSd4xjjaL_AVb5DKvxvBhXb8Xrrv5">ACM A.M. 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turing_Award_laureates" title="Template:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turing_Award_laureates" title="Template talk:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turing_Award_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turing Award laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="A._M._Turing_Award_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. M. Turing Award</a> <a href="/wiki/Laureate" title="Laureate">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Perlis" title="Alan Perlis">Alan Perlis</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkes" title="Maurice Wilkes">Maurice Vincent Wilkes</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hamming" title="Richard Hamming">Richard Hamming</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Wilkinson" title="James H. Wilkinson">James H. Wilkinson</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Edsger W. Dijkstra</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bachman" title="Charles Bachman">Charles Bachman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O._Rabin" title="Michael O. Rabin">Michael O. Rabin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dana_Scott" title="Dana Scott">Dana Scott</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Floyd" title="Robert W. Floyd">Robert W. Floyd</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_E._Iverson" title="Kenneth E. Iverson">Kenneth E. Iverson</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hoare" title="Tony Hoare">Tony Hoare</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar F. Codd</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cook" title="Stephen Cook">Stephen Cook</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Thompson" title="Ken Thompson">Ken Thompson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklaus_Wirth" title="Niklaus Wirth">Niklaus Wirth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Karp" title="Richard M. Karp">Richard Karp</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hopcroft" title="John Hopcroft">John Hopcroft</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Tarjan" title="Robert Tarjan">Robert Tarjan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke_(computer_scientist)" title="John Cocke (computer scientist)">John Cocke</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kahan" title="William Kahan">William Kahan</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_J._Corbat%C3%B3" title="Fernando J. Corbató">Fernando J. Corbató</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Milner" title="Robin Milner">Robin Milner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Lampson" title="Butler Lampson">Butler Lampson</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juris_Hartmanis" title="Juris Hartmanis">Juris Hartmanis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Stearns" title="Richard E. Stearns">Richard E. Stearns</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Edward Feigenbaum</a>; <a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Blum" title="Manuel Blum">Manuel Blum</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Pnueli" title="Amir Pnueli">Amir Pnueli</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(computer_scientist)" title="Jim Gray (computer scientist)">Jim Gray</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yao" title="Andrew Yao">Andrew Yao</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole-Johan_Dahl" title="Ole-Johan Dahl">Ole-Johan Dahl</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Nygaard" title="Kristen Nygaard">Kristen Nygaard</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Rivest" title="Ron Rivest">Ron Rivest</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shamir" title="Adi Shamir">Adi Shamir</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Adleman" title="Leonard Adleman">Leonard Adleman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Kay" title="Alan Kay">Alan Kay</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn_(computer_scientist)" title="Robert Kahn (computer scientist)">Bob Kahn</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Naur" title="Peter Naur">Peter Naur</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Allen" title="Frances Allen">Frances Allen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_M._Clarke" title="Edmund M. Clarke">Edmund M. Clarke</a>; <a href="/wiki/E._Allen_Emerson" title="E. Allen Emerson">E. Allen Emerson</a>; <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sifakis" title="Joseph Sifakis">Joseph Sifakis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Liskov" title="Barbara Liskov">Barbara Liskov</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Thacker" title="Charles P. Thacker">Charles P. Thacker</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Valiant" title="Leslie Valiant">Leslie G. Valiant</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">Judea Pearl</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafi_Goldwasser" title="Shafi Goldwasser">Shafi Goldwasser</a>; <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">Silvio Micali</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Lamport" title="Leslie Lamport">Leslie Lamport</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stonebraker" title="Michael Stonebraker">Michael Stonebraker</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellman" title="Martin Hellman">Martin Hellman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Whitfield_Diffie" title="Whitfield Diffie">Whitfield Diffie</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hennessy" title="John L. Hennessy">John L. Hennessy</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Patterson_(computer_scientist)" title="David Patterson (computer scientist)">David Patterson</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshua_Bengio" title="Yoshua Bengio">Yoshua Bengio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Geoffrey Hinton</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yann_LeCun" title="Yann LeCun">Yann LeCun</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Catmull" title="Edwin Catmull">Ed Catmull</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pat_Hanrahan" title="Pat Hanrahan">Pat Hanrahan</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">Alfred Aho</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">Jeffrey Ullman</a> (2020) </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dongarra" title="Jack Dongarra">Jack Dongarra</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Wigderson" title="Avi Wigderson">Avi Wigderson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_for_Computing_Machinery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Template:Association for Computing Machinery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Template talk:Association for Computing Machinery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association for Computing Machinery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_for_Computing_Machinery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Special_Interest_Groups" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Special Interest Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIGACCESS" title="SIGACCESS">SIGACCESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGACT" title="ACM SIGACT">SIGACT</a></li> <li>SIGAda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGAI" title="SIGAI">SIGAI</a></li> <li>SIGAPP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGARCH" title="ACM SIGARCH">SIGARCH</a></li> <li>SIGBED</li> <li>SIGBio</li> <li>SIGCAS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGCHI" title="SIGCHI">SIGCHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGCOMM" title="SIGCOMM">SIGCOMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGCSE" title="SIGCSE">SIGCSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Interest_Group_on_Design_Automation" title="Special Interest Group on Design Automation">SIGDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGDOC" title="SIGDOC">SIGDOC</a></li> <li>SIGecom</li> <li>SIGEVO</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGGRAPH" title="ACM SIGGRAPH">SIGGRAPH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGHPC" title="ACM SIGHPC">SIGHPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Interest_Group_on_Information_Retrieval" title="Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval">SIGIR</a></li> <li>SIGITE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGKDD" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGKDD">SIGKDD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGLOG" title="ACM SIGLOG">SIGLOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGMETRICS" title="SIGMETRICS">SIGMETRICS</a></li> <li>SIGMICRO</li> <li>SIGMIS</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGMM" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGMM">SIGMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGMOBILE" title="SIGMOBILE">SIGMOBILE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGMOD" title="SIGMOD">SIGMOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGOPS" title="ACM SIGOPS">SIGOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGPLAN" title="SIGPLAN">SIGPLAN</a></li> <li>SIGSAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGSAM" title="SIGSAM">SIGSAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGSIM" class="mw-redirect" title="SIGSIM">SIGSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGSOFT" title="SIGSOFT">SIGSOFT</a></li> <li>SIGSPATIAL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGUCCS" title="SIGUCCS">SIGUCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGWEB" title="ACM SIGWEB">SIGWEB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Awards" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ACM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turing Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Fellow" title="ACM Fellow">ACM Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM-AAAI_Allen_Newell_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="ACM-AAAI Allen Newell Award">ACM-AAAI Allen Newell Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Athena_Lectures" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Athena Lecturer Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckert%E2%80%93Mauchly_Award" title="Eckert–Mauchly Award">Eckert–Mauchly Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Eugene_L._Lawler_Award" title="ACM Eugene L. Lawler Award">Eugene L. Lawler Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Doctoral_Dissertation_Award" title="ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award">ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bell_Prize" title="Gordon Bell Prize">Gordon Bell Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Murray_Hopper_Award" title="Grace Murray Hopper Award">Grace Murray Hopper Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Kennedy_Award" title="Ken Kennedy Award">Ken Kennedy Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Kanellakis_Award" title="Paris Kanellakis Award">Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Prize_in_Computing" title="ACM Prize in Computing">ACM Prize in Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Software_System_Award" title="ACM Software System Award">ACM Software System Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIAM/ACM_Prize_in_Computational_Science_and_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering">SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SIGs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHI_Academy" title="CHI Academy">CHI Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6del_Prize" title="Gödel Prize">Gödel Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuth_Prize" title="Knuth Prize">Knuth Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_A._Coons_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven A. Coons Award">Steven A. Coons Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Publications" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Publications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_ACM" title="Journal of the ACM">Journal of the ACM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_of_the_ACM" title="Communications of the ACM">Communications of the ACM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISKS_Digest" title="RISKS Digest">RISKS Digest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="ACM Digital Library">ACM Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Computing_Surveys" title="ACM Computing Surveys">ACM Computing Surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computers_in_Entertainment" title="Computers in Entertainment">Computers in Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Interactions" title="ACM Interactions">ACM Interactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Queue" title="ACM Queue">ACM Queue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XRDS_(magazine)" title="XRDS (magazine)">ACM XRDS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery#Conferences" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Conferences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACM_Multimedia" title="ACM Multimedia">ACM-MM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAAI/ACM_Conference_on_AI,_Ethics,_and_Society" title="AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society">AIES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Architectural_Support_for_Programming_Languages_and_Operating_Systems" title="International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and 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