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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">فھرست</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">سائڊبار ڏانھن چوريو</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">لڪايو</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">تعارف</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-جائزو" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#جائزو"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>جائزو</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-جائزو-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-اڪائي" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#اڪائي"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>اڪائي</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-اڪائي-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تاريخ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تاريخ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>تاريخ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تاريخ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-برق_سڪونيات_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#برق_سڪونيات_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>برق سڪونيات ۾ چارج جو ڪردار</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-برق_سڪونيات_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-برقي_ڪرنٽ_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#برقي_ڪرنٽ_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>برقي ڪرنٽ ۾ چارج جو ڪردار</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-برقي_ڪرنٽ_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-برقي_چارج_جو_تحفظ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#برقي_چارج_جو_تحفظ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>برقي چارج جو تحفظ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-برقي_چارج_جو_تحفظ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-لاڳاپي_واري_تبديلي" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#لاڳاپي_واري_تبديلي"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>لاڳاپي واري تبديلي</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-لاڳاپي_واري_تبديلي-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-پڻ_ڏسو" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#پڻ_ڏسو"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>پڻ ڏسو</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-پڻ_ڏسو-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-خارجي_لنڪس" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#خارجي_لنڪس"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>خارجي لنڪس</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-خارجي_لنڪس-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-حوالا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#حوالا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>حوالا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-حوالا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="فھرست" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">عنوانن جي فھرست کي ٽوگل ڪريو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">اليڪٽرڪ چارج</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ڪنھن مضمون ڏانھن ڪنھن ٻي ٻوليءَ ۾ وڃو. 116 ٻولين ۾ موجود آھي" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-116" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">116 ٻوليون</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriese_lading" title="Elektriese lading – آفريڪي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektriese lading" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="آفريڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%8C%85" title="ቻርጅ – امهاري" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻርጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="امهاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شحنة كهربائية – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شحنة كهربائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="تعميرة د التريسينتي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تعميرة د التريسينتي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_ll%C3%A9trica" title="Carga llétrica – اسٽورين" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carga llétrica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="اسٽورين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_y%C3%BCk%C3%BC" title="Elektrik yükü – آزربائيجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik yükü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="آزربائيجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88" title="الکتریک یوکو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکتریک یوکو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Lodung" title="Elektrische Lodung – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektrische Lodung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад – بيلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычны зарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بيلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Электрычны зарад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Электрычны зарад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електрически заряд – بلغاريائي" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрически заряд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বৈদ্যুতিক আধান – بنگلا" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক আধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگلا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – بوسنيائي" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="بوسنيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0rrega_el%C3%A8ctrica" title="Càrrega elèctrica – ڪيٽالان" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càrrega elèctrica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ڪيٽالان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_(dagitab)" title="Karga (dagitab) – سبوانو" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karga (dagitab)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="سبوانو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بارگەی کارەبایی – مرڪزي ڪردش" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بارگەی کارەبایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="مرڪزي ڪردش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj – چيڪ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrický náboj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چيڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Электро каплам – چو واش" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро каплам" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="چو واش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwefr_drydanol" title="Gwefr drydanol – ويلش" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwefr drydanol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – ڊينش" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ڊينش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بهترين مضمون"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Ladung" title="Elektrische Ladung – جرمن" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Ladung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="جرمن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο – يوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρικό φορτίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="يوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge – انگريزي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electric charge" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انگريزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_%C5%9Dargo" title="Elektra ŝargo – ايسپرانٽو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra ŝargo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ايسپرانٽو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="بهترين مضمون"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carga eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrilaeng" title="Elektrilaeng – ايستونائي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrilaeng" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ايستونائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_elektriko" title="Karga elektriko – باسق" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karga elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بار الکتریکی – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بار الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6varaus" title="Sähkövaraus – فنش" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkövaraus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فنش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Charge électrique – فرانسيسي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charge électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسيسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_l%C3%A4%C3%A4s" title="Elektrisk lääs – اترين فريسين" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk lääs" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="اترين فريسين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucht_leictreach" title="Lucht leictreach – آئرش" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lucht leictreach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="آئرش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB" title="電 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="電" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Carga eléctrica – گليشئين" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carga eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="گليشئين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="વિદ્યુતભાર – گجراتي" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિદ્યુતભાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="گجراتي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%9F_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מטען חשמלי – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטען חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="विद्युत आवेश – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत आवेश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – ڪروشيائي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ڪروشيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_t%C3%B6lt%C3%A9s" title="Elektromos töltés – هنگري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos töltés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنگري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%84" title="Էլեկտրական լիցք – ارماني" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական լիցք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ارماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_electric" title="Carga electric – انٽرلنگئا" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Carga electric" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="انٽرلنگئا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik – انڊونيشي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muatan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انڊونيشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafhle%C3%B0sla" title="Rafhleðsla – آئيس لينڊڪ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafhleðsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="آئيس لينڊڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica – اطالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carica elettrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="اطالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ელექტრული მუხტი – جارجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული მუხტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جارجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_zaryad%C4%B1" title="Elektrik zaryadı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Elektrik zaryadı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр заряды" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="បន្ទុកអគ្គីសនី – خمر" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បន្ទុកអគ្គីសនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="خمر" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6" title="ವಿದ್ಯುದಾವೇಶ – ڪناڊا" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುದಾವೇಶ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ڪناڊا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%ED%95%98" title="전하 – ڪوريائي" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전하" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ڪوريائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar%C3%AA_karebay%C3%AE" title="Barê karebayî – ڪردي" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Barê karebayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ڪردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Электр заряды – ڪرغيز" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электр заряды" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ڪرغيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onus_electricum" title="Onus electricum – لاطيني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Onus electricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاطيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_laojing" title="Elektrische laojing – لمبرگش" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elektrische laojing" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektros_kr%C5%ABvis" title="Elektros krūvis – ليٿونيائي" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektros krūvis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليٿونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriskais_l%C4%81di%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Elektriskais lādiņš – لاتوين" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektriskais lādiņš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لاتوين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8D%D2%A5%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Тулэҥер татыл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тулэҥер татыл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Електричен набој – ميسي ڊونيائي" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електричен набој" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ميسي ڊونيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="വൈദ്യുത ചാർജ് – مليالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുത ചാർജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مليالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Цахилгаан цэнэг – منگولي" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан цэнэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منگولي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युतभार – مراٺي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विद्युतभार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراٺي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_elektrik" title="Cas elektrik – ملي" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cas elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ် – برمي" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်ဓာတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="الکتریکی بار – مزيندراني" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="الکتریکی بار" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="مزيندراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="विद्युत आवेश – نيپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युत आवेश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نيپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C" title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इलेक्ट्रिक चार्ज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_lading" title="Elektrische lading – ڊچ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrische lading" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ڊچ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – نارويائي نيوناسڪ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="نارويائي نيوناسڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_ladning" title="Elektrisk ladning – نارويائي بوڪمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk ladning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="نارويائي بوڪمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_electrica" title="Carga electrica – آڪسيٽن" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carga electrica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="آڪسيٽن" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaarjii" title="Chaarjii – اورومو" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Chaarjii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="اورومو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C" title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਰਜ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਿਜਲਈ ਚਾਰਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81adunek_elektryczny" title="Ładunek elektryczny – پولش" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ładunek elektryczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caria_eletrost%C3%A0tica" title="Caria eletrostàtica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Caria eletrostàtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="برقی چارج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برقی چارج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_el%C3%A9trica" title="Carga elétrica – پورٽگليز" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carga elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورٽگليز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_chaqna" title="Pinchikilla chaqna – ڪيچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla chaqna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ڪيچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcin%C4%83_electric%C4%83" title="Sarcină electrică – روماني" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sarcină electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="روماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Электрический заряд – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрический заряд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D2%95%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Чаҕыл иитик – ساخا" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чаҕыл иитик" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ساخا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_chairge" title="Electric chairge – اسڪاٽس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Electric chairge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="اسڪاٽس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge" title="Electric charge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electric charge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_n%C3%A1boj" title="Elektrický náboj – سلواڪي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrický náboj" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلواڪي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj – سلوويني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električni naboj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوويني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saldanab" title="Saldanab – سومالي" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Saldanab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="سومالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngarkesa_elektrike" title="Ngarkesa elektrike – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ngarkesa elektrike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Наелектрисање – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наелектрисање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leedenge" title="Leedenge – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Leedenge" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muatan_listrik" title="Muatan listrik – سوڊاني" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Muatan listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="سوڊاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_laddning" title="Elektrisk laddning – سويڊش" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk laddning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سويڊش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaji_ya_umeme" title="Chaji ya umeme – سواحيلي" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chaji ya umeme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="سواحيلي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னூட்டம் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னூட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="విద్యుదావేశం – تلگو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుదావేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تلگو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ประจุไฟฟ้า – ٿائي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประจุไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ٿائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_zar%C3%BDady" title="Elektrik zarýady – ترڪمين" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elektrik zarýady" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ترڪمين" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_ng_kuryente" title="Karga ng kuryente – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karga ng kuryente" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_y%C3%BCk%C3%BC" title="Elektrik yükü – ترڪش" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik yükü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترڪش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Электр корылмасы – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр корылмасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Електричний заряд – يوڪراني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електричний заряд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="يوڪراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="برقی بار – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برقی بار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_zaryad" title="Elektr zaryad – ازبڪ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr zaryad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ازبڪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carga_e%C5%82%C3%A8trica" title="Carga ełètrica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Carga ełètrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_t%C3%ADch" title="Điện tích – ويتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điện tích" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ويتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karga_nga_elektrika" title="Karga nga elektrika – واري" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karga nga elektrika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="واري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Yanu mbëj – وولوف" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Yanu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="وولوف" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%8D%B7" title="电荷 – وو چيني" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电荷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92" title="עלעקטרישע לאדונג – يدش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עלעקטרישע לאדונג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يدش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80d%C3%ACj%E1%BB%8D_%C3%ACtann%C3%A1" title="Àdìjọ ìtanná – يوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àdìjọ ìtanná" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="يوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – چيني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چيني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-h%C5%8D" title="Tiān-hō – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-hō" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷 – ڪينٽونيز" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電荷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ڪينٽونيز" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlelesa" title="Umlelesa – زولو" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umlelesa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="زولو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1111#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="بين‌الزباني ڳنڍڻا سنواريو" class="wbc-editpage">ڳنڍڻن کي سنواريو</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نانءُپولارَ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="مواد جي صفحي کي ڏسو [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مضمون</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="موادي صفحي تي بحث (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>بحث</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلي، وڪيپيڊيا مان</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="sd" dir="rtl"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Electromagnetic property of matter<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86%D9%88:SHORTDESC:Electromagnetic_property_of_matter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سانچو:SHORTDESC:Electromagnetic property of matter (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">سانچو:SHORTDESC:Electromagnetic property of matter</a></div> <table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;">اليڪٽرڪ چارج<br />Electric charge</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg/220px-VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg/330px-VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg/440px-VFPt_charges_plus_minus_thumb.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="165" /></a></span><br /><span style="">برقي ميدان جو هڪ منفي ۽ مثبت پوائنٽ خارج</span></td></tr><tr class=""><th style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">عام نشانيون</div></th> <td class="" style=""><i>q</i></td></tr><tr class=""><th style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A2%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="ايس آئي يونٽ">ايس آئي يونٽ</a></th> <td class="" style="">ڪولمب (C)</td></tr><tr class=""><th style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">ٻيا يونٽ</div></th> <td class="" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r276456">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementary_charge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementary charge (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">elementary charge</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Faraday_constant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faraday constant (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">faraday</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampere-hour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampere-hour (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">ampere-hour</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th style="">In [[SI base unit|<span class="wrap">SI base units</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-handling_templates" class="extiw" title="en:Line-handling templates">en:Line-handling templates</a>]]</th> <td class="" style="">C = A⋅s</td></tr><tr class=""><th style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intensive_and_extensive_properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intensive and extensive properties (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Extensive</a>?</th> <td class="" style="">ها</td></tr><tr class=""><th style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conserved_quantity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conserved quantity (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Conserved</a>?</th> <td class="" style="">ها</td></tr><tr class=""><th style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimensional_analysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimensional analysis (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">Dimension</a></th> <td class="" style=""><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}{\mathsf {I}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">T</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">I</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}{\mathsf {I}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8b09680229812bf73f439d414b73e5156228790" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.23ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {T}}{\mathsf {I}}}"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table><p><b>اليڪٽرڪ چارج</b> يا برقي چارج (Electric Charge؛ علامت q، ڪڏهن ڪڏهن Q) مادي جي طبيعي خاصيت  آهي. مادو ان جي طاقت جو تجربو ڪري ٿو جڏهن هڪ برقي مقناطيسي فيلڊ ۾ رکيو ويندو آهي. برقي چارج مثبت يا منفي ٿي سگهي ٿو. هڪ جيهڙا چارجز هڪ ٻئي کي ڇڪيندا آهن ۽ ان جي برعڪس مخالف چارج هڪ ٻئي کي ڪشش ڏيندا آهن. ڪنهن به شيءِ کي بغير خالص چارج جي برقي طور تي غير جانبدار سڏيو ويندو آهي. ابتدائي ڄاڻ ته چارج ٿيل مادو ڪيئن مداخلت ڪري ٿو هاڻي ڪلاسيڪل اليڪٽرروڊائينامڪس سڏيو ويندو آهي ۽ اڃا تائين انهن مسئلن لاء صحيح آهي جن کي ڪوانٽم اثرات تي غور ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ناهي. </p><p>برقي چارج هڪ محفوظ خاصيت آهي؛ هڪ الڳ ٿيل نظام جو خالص چارج، (مثبت چارج جي مقدار کان منفي چارج جي مقدار کي ڪڏهن)، تبديل نه ٿي سگهي. اليڪٽرڪ چارج ذيلي ائٽمي ذرڙن ذريعي ٿيندو آهي. عام مادي ۾، منفي چارج اليڪٽرانن ذريعي هوندو آهي ۽ مثبت چارج پروٽانن جي ذريعي ائٽم جي نيوڪليس ۾ هوندو آهي. جيڪڏهن مادي جي ڪنهن ٽڪري ۾ پروٽانن کان وڌيڪ اليڪٽران هوندا ته ان تي منفي چارج هوندو، جيڪڏهن پروٽانن کان گهٽ اليڪٽران هوندا ته ان تي مثبت چارج هوندو ۽ جيڪڏهن برابر تعداد هوندا ته اهو برقي طور غير جانبدار هوندو. چارج ڪوانٽائزڊ (quantized) هوندو آهي؛ مطلب تي، اهو انفرادي ننڍڙي اڪائين جي عددي ضربن ۾ اچي ٿو، جنهن کي ايليمينٽري چارج، e سڏيو وڃي ٿو، جيڪا سڀ کان ننڍو چارج آهي جيڪو آزاديءَ سان موجود ٿي سگهي ٿو. ذرڙا جن کي ڪوارڪس (Quarks) چئبو آهي، انهن ۾ ننڍا چارج، e جا ضرب هوندا آهن، پر اهي صرف انهن ذرڙن ۾ ملندا آهن، جن ۾ هڪ چارج هوندو آهي جيڪو e جو هڪ پوري انگ جو ضرب هوندو آهي. معياري ماڊل ۾، چارج هڪ بلڪل محفوظ مقدار جو نمبر آهي. پروٽان تي +e چارج آهي ۽ اليڪٽران تي -e چارج آهي. </p><p>هڪ منفي چارج جي وضاحت، چارج جيڪا هڪ اليڪٽران طرفان ورتو ويو آهي، سان ڪئي وئي آهي ۽ هڪ مثبت چارج اهو آهي جيڪو هڪ پروٽون کڻندو آهي. انهن ذرڙن جي دريافت ٿيڻ کان اڳ، بينجمن فرينڪلن طرفان هڪ مثبت چارج جي وضاحت ڪئي وئي هئي جيئن هڪ شيشي جي راڊ طرفان حاصل ڪيل چارج جڏهن ان کي ريشمي ڪپڙي سان رگجي وڃي. </p><p>اليڪٽرڪ چارج برقي ميدان پيدا ڪري ٿو.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> هڪ حرڪت ڪندڙ چارج پڻ هڪ مقناطيسي ميدان پيدا ڪري ٿو.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> برقي چارج جو هڪ برقياتي مقناطيسي ميدان سان تعامل (هڪ برقي ۽ هڪ مقناطيسي فيلڊ جو ميلاپ) برقي مقناطيسي يا لورينز قوت جو ذريعو آهي،<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> جيڪو فزڪس ۾ چئن بنيادي ڳالهين مان هڪ آهي. چارج ٿيل ذرات جي وچ ۾ فوٽوون وچولي رابطي جي مطالعي کي ڪوانٽم اليڪٽروڊائينامڪس سڏيو ويندو آهي.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>برقي چارج جي SI نڪتل اڪائي ڪولمب (C) آهي جنهن جو نالو فرانسيسي طبيعيات دان، چارلس-آگسٽن ڊي ڪولمب جي نالي تي رکيو ويو آهي. اليڪٽريڪل انجنيئرنگ ۾ امپيئر-آور (A⋅h) استعمال ڪرڻ پڻ عام آهي. فزڪس ۽ ڪيمسٽري ۾ اهو عام آهي ته ابتدائي چارج e کي اڪائي طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. ڪيميا پڻ فيراڊي مستقل (Faraday Constant، علامت: F) استعمال ڪري ٿي، جيڪو هڪ مول جي ابتدائي چارجز جو چارج آهي. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="جائزو"><span id=".D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.A6.D8.B2.D9.88"></span>جائزو</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=1" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: جائزو"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="اڪائي"><span id=".D8.A7.DA.AA.D8.A7.D8.A6.D9.8A"></span>اڪائي</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=2" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: اڪائي"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="تاريخ"><span 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id="برقي_ڪرنٽ_۾_چارج_جو_ڪردار"><span id=".D8.A8.D8.B1.D9.82.D9.8A_.DA.AA.D8.B1.D9.86.D9.BD_.DB.BE_.DA.86.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC_.D8.AC.D9.88_.DA.AA.D8.B1.D8.AF.D8.A7.D8.B1"></span>برقي ڪرنٽ ۾ چارج جو ڪردار</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=5" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: برقي ڪرنٽ ۾ چارج جو ڪردار"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="برقي_چارج_جو_تحفظ"><span id=".D8.A8.D8.B1.D9.82.D9.8A_.DA.86.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC_.D8.AC.D9.88_.D8.AA.D8.AD.D9.81.D8.B8"></span>برقي چارج جو تحفظ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=6" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: برقي چارج جو تحفظ"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="لاڳاپي_واري_تبديلي"><span id=".D9.84.D8.A7.DA.B3.D8.A7.D9.BE.D9.8A_.D9.88.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.8A_.D8.AA.D8.A8.D8.AF.D9.8A.D9.84.D9.8A"></span>لاڳاپي واري تبديلي</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=7" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: لاڳاپي واري تبديلي"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="پڻ_ڏسو"><span id=".D9.BE.DA.BB_.DA.8F.D8.B3.D9.88"></span>پڻ ڏسو</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=8" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: پڻ ڏسو"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="برقناطيسيت">برقناطيسيت</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ڪولمب جو قانون (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">ڪولمب جو قانون</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="خارجي_لنڪس"><span id=".D8.AE.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.AC.D9.8A_.D9.84.D9.86.DA.AA.D8.B3"></span>خارجي لنڪس</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=9" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: خارجي لنڪس"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B9%DA%AA%D8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="واسطيدار اختياري عڪس (صفحو وجود نٿو رکي)">جي اين ڊي</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4151721-0">4151721-0</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="حوالا"><span id=".D8.AD.D9.88.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A7"></span>حوالا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC&action=edit&section=10" title="هيءُ حصو ترميميو: حوالا"><span>سنواريو</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Chabay, Ruth; Sherwood, Bruce (2015). <i>Matter and interactions</i> (4th ed.). Wiley. p. 867.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matter+and+interactions&rft.aulast=Chabay&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Chabay%2C%26%2332%3BRuth&rft.au=Sherwood%2C%26%2332%3BBruce&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B867&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Wiley&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Chabay, Ruth; Sherwood, Bruce (2015). <i>Matter and interactions</i> (4th ed.). Wiley. p. 673.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matter+and+interactions&rft.aulast=Chabay&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Chabay%2C%26%2332%3BRuth&rft.au=Sherwood%2C%26%2332%3BBruce&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B673&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Wiley&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Chabay, Ruth; Sherwood, Bruce (2015). <i>Matter and interactions</i> (4th ed.). Wiley. p. 942.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matter+and+interactions&rft.aulast=Chabay&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Chabay%2C%26%2332%3BRuth&rft.au=Sherwood%2C%26%2332%3BBruce&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B942&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Wiley&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Rennie, Richard; Law, Jonathan, eds (2019). "Quantum electrodynamics". <i>A Dictionary of Physics</i> (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:BookSources/9780198821472" title="خاص:BookSources/9780198821472">9780198821472</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Quantum+electrodynamics&rft.atitle=A+Dictionary+of+Physics&rft.date=2019&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780198821472&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D8%B1%DA%AA_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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