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class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">The Highwayman (poem)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/The_Highwayman_(poem)" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:The_Highwayman_(poem)" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><p>"<b>The Highwayman</b>" is a romantic <a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">ballad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Narrative_poetry" title="Narrative poetry">narrative poem</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Noyes" title="Alfred Noyes">Alfred Noyes</a>, first published in the August 1906 issue<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <i><a href="/wiki/Blackwood%27s_Magazine" title="Blackwood's Magazine">Blackwood's Magazine</a></i>, based in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Edinburgh, Scotland">Edinburgh, Scotland</a>. The following year it was included in Noyes' collection, <i>Forty Singing Seamen and Other Poems</i>, becoming an immediate success. In 1995 it was voted 15th in the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s poll for "The Nation's Favourite Poems". </p><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac" title="File:The Highwayman by Alfred Noyes.flac">"The Highwayman"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="397" data-mwtitle="The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac/The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac.ogg" type='audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"' data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac/The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/The_Highwayman_by_Alfred_Noyes.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0"></source></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Reading by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Scourby" title="Alexander Scourby">Alexander Scourby</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Highwayman_(Noyes)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:The Highwayman (Noyes)">The Highwayman</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Plot"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Plot</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Literary_qualities"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Literary qualities</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Literary_techniques"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Literary techniques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Adaptations_and_use_in_popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Adaptations and use in popular culture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Highwayman_(poem)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The poem, set in 18th-century rural England, tells the story of an unnamed <a href="/wiki/Highwayman" title="Highwayman">highwayman</a> who is in love with Bess, a landlord's daughter. Betrayed to the authorities by Tim, a jealous <a href="/wiki/Hostler" title="Hostler">ostler</a>, the highwayman escapes ambush when Bess sacrifices her life to warn him. Learning of her death, he is killed in a futile attempt at revenge ("so they shot him down on the highway, like a dog upon the highway"). In the final stanza, the ghosts of the lovers meet again on winter nights. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Highwayman_(poem)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The poem was written on the edge of a desolate stretch of land known as <a href="/wiki/Bagshot_Heath" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagshot Heath">Bagshot Heath</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, where Noyes, then aged 24, had taken rooms in a cottage. In his autobiography, he recalled: "Bagshot Heath in those days was a wild bit of country, all <a href="/wiki/Calluna" title="Calluna">heather</a> and pinewoods. 'The Highwayman' suggested itself to me one blustery night when the sound of the wind in the pines gave me the first line." The poem was completed in about two days.<sup id="cite_ref-Noyes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noyes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Literary_qualities">Literary qualities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Highwayman_(poem)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Literary qualities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>"The Highwayman" is reputed to be "the best ballad poem in existence for oral delivery".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It makes use of vivid imagery to describe surroundings ("the road was a gipsy's ribbon, looping the purple moor - ") and repetitious phrases to emphasise action ("A red-coat troop came marching - marching - marching -"). Almost half a century later, Noyes wrote, "I think the success of the poem... was because it was not an artificial composition, but was written at an age when I was genuinely excited by that kind of romantic story."<sup id="cite_ref-Noyes_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noyes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Literary_techniques">Literary techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Highwayman_(poem)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary techniques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>"The Highwayman" uses hexameter that mixes <a href="/wiki/Iamb_(poetry)" title="Iamb (poetry)">iambs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anapaest" title="Anapaest">anapaests</a>. The rhythm is suggestive of the foot falls of a galloping horse. Noyes frequently uses <a href="/wiki/Alliteration" title="Alliteration">alliteration</a>, such as the phrase "ghostly galleon", and also uses refrains in each stanza. The genre of this poem seems to be a romance, but like <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>, the poem is a tragedy in the end. This poem can also be called a ballad.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Adaptations_and_use_in_popular_culture">Adaptations and use in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Highwayman_(poem)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adaptations and use in popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li>In 1933, a setting of the poem for chorus and small orchestra by the English composer <a href="/wiki/C._Armstrong_Gibbs" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Armstrong Gibbs">C. Armstrong Gibbs</a> received its first performance at <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester College">Winchester College</a> Music School.</li> <li>In 1951, the poem was used as the basis for a feature-length Hollywood <a href="/wiki/The_Highwayman_(1951_film)" title="The Highwayman (1951 film)">film of the same name</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Philip_Friend" title="Philip Friend">Philip Friend</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wanda_Hendrix" title="Wanda Hendrix">Wanda Hendrix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noyes writes in his autobiography that he was pleasantly surprised by "the fact that in this picture, produced in Hollywood, the poem itself is used and followed with the most artistic care".<sup id="cite_ref-Noyes_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Noyes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The poem is referenced in parody form in the 1959 radio episode of Hancock's Half Hour "The Poetry Society". "He wore a French cocked hat on his forehead/And a bunch of lace at his chin/And the highwayman came riding/With his whiskers soaked in gin."</li> <li>In 1965, American folksinger <a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Phil Ochs</a> set the poem to music on his second album, <i><a href="/wiki/I_Ain%27t_Marching_Any_More" title="I Ain't Marching Any More">I Ain't Marching Any More</a></i>. His arrangement has since been covered by other musicians.</li> <li>Cult British singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/John_Otway" title="John Otway">John Otway</a> adapted the poem as a rock song on his 1979 album <i><a href="/wiki/Where_Did_I_Go_Right%3F" title="Where Did I Go Right?">Where Did I Go Right?</a></i>.</li> <li>In 1981, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> published an edition of the poem illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeping" title="Charles Keeping">Charles Keeping</a> in black and white. He won the annual <a href="/wiki/Kate_Greenaway_Medal" title="Kate Greenaway Medal">Kate Greenaway Medal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/CILIP" class="mw-redirect" title="CILIP">Library Association</a>, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a>.</li> <li>In the 1985 film <i><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Green_Gables_(1985_film)" title="Anne of Green Gables (1985 film)">Anne of Green Gables</a></i>, the main character <a href="/wiki/Anne_Shirley" title="Anne Shirley">Anne Shirley</a> recites the poem at a concert at which it is very well received.</li> <li>The Scottish children's author <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Morgan" title="Nicola Morgan">Nicola Morgan</a> used the poem as the background for her historical novels, <i>The Highwayman's Footsteps</i> and <i>The Highwayman's Curse</i>.</li> <li>The Canadian singer <a href="/wiki/Loreena_McKennitt" title="Loreena McKennitt">Loreena McKennitt</a> adapted it as a folk song on her album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Secrets_(album)" title="The Book of Secrets (album)">The Book of Secrets</a></i>.</li> <li>One of the videos to the 1987 hit pop song "<a href="/wiki/Everywhere_(Fleetwood_Mac_song)" title="Everywhere (Fleetwood Mac song)">Everywhere</a>" by the rock band <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a> is based on this poem.</li> <li>The 1996 book <i><a href="/wiki/Angela%E2%80%99s_Ashes" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela’s Ashes">Angela’s Ashes</a></i> mentioned it briefly after a sick, 14-year-old girl tells poems to the protagonist, <a href="/wiki/Frank_McCourt" title="Frank McCourt">Frank McCourt</a>.</li> <li>It inspired the 2011 illustrated children's book <i>The Highway Rat</i> by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Donaldson" title="Julia Donaldson">Julia Donaldson</a>.</li> <li>The 2009 anthology <a href="/wiki/How_Beautiful_the_Ordinary" title="How Beautiful the Ordinary">How Beautiful the Ordinary</a> contains a short story by <a href="/wiki/Margo_Lanagan" title="Margo Lanagan">Margo Lanagan</a> titled <i>A Dark Red Love Knot</i> based on the poem.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Highwayman_(poem)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/blackwoodsmagazi180edinuoft#page/244/mode/2up">"The Highwayman"</a>. <i>Blackwood's Magazine on Internet Archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blackwood%27s+Magazine+on+Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=The+Highwayman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fblackwoodsmagazi180edinuoft%23page%2F244%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Highwayman+%28poem%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Noyes-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Noyes_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noyes_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Noyes_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfred Noyes 'Two Worlds for Memory. Philadelphia: J. B. Clipping, 1953, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Iona_and_Peter_Opie" title="Iona and Peter Opie">Iona and Peter Opie</a> (eds). <i>The Oxford Book of Narrative Verse</i>. Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0043638/">"The Highwayman"</a>. 12 August 1951 – via IMDb.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Highwayman&rft.date=1951-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0043638%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Highwayman+%28poem%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 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