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motors</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dual motors"> <meta name="keywords" content="dual motors"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dual motors"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1012</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dual motors</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1012</span> Variable Frequency Converter Fed Induction Motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulatif%20Abdulsalam%20Mohamed%20Shaban">Abdulatif Abdulsalam Mohamed Shaban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A.C motors, in general, have superior performance characteristics to their d.c. counterparts. However, despite these advantage a.c. motors lack the controllability and simplicity and so d.c. motors retain a competitive edge where precise control is required. As part of an overall project to develop an improved cycloconverter control strategy for induction motors. Simulation and modelling techniques have been developed. This contribution describes a method used to simulate an induction motor drive using the SIMULINK toolbox within MATLAB software. The cycloconverter fed induction motor is principally modelled using the d-q axis equations. Results of the simulation for a given set of induction motor parameters are also presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title="simulation">simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converter" title=" converter"> converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor" title=" motor"> motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cycloconverter" title=" cycloconverter"> cycloconverter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21497/variable-frequency-converter-fed-induction-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1011</span> Cross Coupling Sliding Mode Synchronization Control of Dual-Driving Feed System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Lu">Hong Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Fan"> Wei Fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongquan%20Zhang"> Yongquan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junbo%20Zhang"> Junbo Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A cross coupling sliding synchronization control strategy is proposed for the dual-driving feed system. This technology will minimize the position error oscillation and achieve the precise synchronization performance in the high speed and high precision drive system, especially some high speed and high precision machine. Moreover, a cross coupling compensation matrix is provided to offset the mismatched disturbance and the disturbance observer is established to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. Performance comparisons of proposed dual-driving cross coupling sliding mode control (CCSMC), normal cross coupling control （CCC） strategy with PID control, and electronic virtual main shaft control (EVMSC) strategy with SMC control are investigated by simulation and a dual-driving control system; the results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20coupling%20matrix" title="cross coupling matrix">cross coupling matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20motors" title=" dual motors"> dual motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronization%20control" title=" synchronization control"> synchronization control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title=" sliding mode control"> sliding mode control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40647/cross-coupling-sliding-mode-synchronization-control-of-dual-driving-feed-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1010</span> Target-Triggered DNA Motors and their Applications to Biosensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongquan%20Zhang">Hongquan Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inspired by endogenous protein motors, researchers have constructed various synthetic DNA motors based on the specificity and predictability of Watson-Crick base pairing. However, the application of DNA motors to signal amplification and biosensing is limited because of low mobility and difficulty in real-time monitoring of the walking process. The objective of our work was to construct a new type of DNA motor termed target-triggered DNA motors that can walk for hundreds of steps in response to a single target binding event. To improve the mobility and processivity of DNA motors, we used gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as scaffolds to build high-density, three-dimensional tracks. Hundreds of track strands are conjugated to a single AuNP. To enable DNA motors to respond to specific protein and nucleic acid targets, we adapted the binding-induced DNA assembly into the design of the target-triggered DNA motors. In response to the binding of specific target molecules, DNA motors are activated to autonomously walk along AuNP, which is powered by a nicking endonuclease or DNAzyme-catalyzed cleavage of track strands. Each moving step restores the fluorescence of a dye molecule, enabling monitoring of the operation of DNA motors in real time. The motors can translate a single binding event into the generation of hundreds of oligonucleotides from a single nanoparticle. The motors have been applied to amplify the detection of proteins and nucleic acids in test tubes and live cells. The motors were able to detect low pM concentrations of specific protein and nucleic acid targets in homogeneous solutions without the need for separation. Target-triggered DNA motors are significant for broadening applications of DNA motors to molecular sensing, cell imagining, molecular interaction monitoring, and controlled delivery and release of therapeutics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosensing" title="biosensing">biosensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20motors" title=" DNA motors"> DNA motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20nanoparticles" title=" gold nanoparticles"> gold nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20amplification" title=" signal amplification"> signal amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165780/target-triggered-dna-motors-and-their-applications-to-biosensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1009</span> Existence and Construction of Maximal Rectangular Duals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishnendra%20Shekhawat">Krishnendra Shekhawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given a graph G = (V, E), a rectangular dual of G represents the vertices of G by a set of interior-disjoint rectangles such that two rectangles touch if and only if there is an edge between the two corresponding vertices in G. Rectangular duals do not exist for every graph, so we can define maximal rectangular duals. A maximal rectangular dual is a rectangular dual of a graph G such that there exists no graph G ′ with a rectangular dual where G is a subgraph of G ′. In this paper, we enumerate all maximal rectangular duals (or, to be precise, the corresponding planar graphs) up to six nodes and presents a necessary condition for the existence of a rectangular dual. This work allegedly has applications in integrated circuit design and architectural floor plans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjacency" title="adjacency">adjacency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20sequence" title=" degree sequence"> degree sequence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20graph" title=" dual graph"> dual graph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20dual" title=" rectangular dual"> rectangular dual</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62583/existence-and-construction-of-maximal-rectangular-duals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1008</span> Parameter Estimation of Induction Motors by PSO Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mohammadi">A. Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Asghari"> S. Asghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Aien"> M. Aien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rashidinejad"> M. Rashidinejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After emergent of alternative current networks and their popularity, asynchronous motors became more widespread than other kinds of industrial motors. In order to control and run these motors efficiently, an accurate estimation of motor parameters is needed. There are different methods to obtain these parameters such as rotor locked test, no load test, DC test, analytical methods, and so on. The most common drawback of these methods is their inaccuracy in estimation of some motor parameters. In order to remove this concern, a novel method for parameter estimation of induction motors using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. In the proposed method, transient state of motor is used for parameter estimation. Comparison of the simulation results purtuined to the PSO algorithm with other available methods justifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title="induction motor">induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor%20parameter%20estimation" title=" motor parameter estimation"> motor parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO%20algorithm" title=" PSO algorithm"> PSO algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20method" title=" analytical method"> analytical method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15433/parameter-estimation-of-induction-motors-by-pso-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">633</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1007</span> Reduced Vibration in a Levitating Motor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kazadi">S. Kazadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20An"> A. An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Shen"> B. Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the fitness of a male and female permanent magnetic levitation support for use as an axle on a rotor for a levitating motor. The support enables passive thrust and axial support for the axle as a result of the unique arrangement of permanent magnets. As the axial and thrust bearing aspects are derived from magnetic repulsion, it is not immediately clear that the repulsion is stiff enough to enable even low power motors. This paper describes the design and performance of two low power motors based on the magnetic levitation support. We find that our low power motors, with rotational speeds of 618 and 833 rpms, exhibit performance free from excess vibrations that might hinder performance. This means that the actuation of the motors is adequately stabilized by the axle and results in motors capable of being utilized despite the levitation support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levitating%20motor" title="levitating motor">levitating motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20levitation%20support" title=" magnetic levitation support"> magnetic levitation support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fitness" title=" fitness"> fitness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axle" title=" axle"> axle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24674/reduced-vibration-in-a-levitating-motor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24674.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1006</span> Modelling of Rate-Dependent Hysteresis of Polypyrrole Dual Sensing-Actuators for Precise Position Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johanna%20Schumacher">Johanna Schumacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toribio%20F.%20Otero"> Toribio F. Otero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20H.%20Pascual"> Victor H. Pascual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bending dual sensing-actuators based on electroactive polymers are faradaic motors meaning the consumed charge determines the actuator’s tip position. During actuation, consumed charges during oxidation and reduction result in different tip positions showing dynamic hysteresis effects with errors up to 25%. For a precise position control of these actuators, the characterization of the hysteresis effect due to irreversible reactions is crucial. Here, the investigation and modelling of dynamic hysteresis effects of polypyrrole-dodezylbenzenesulfonate (PPyDBS) actuators under ambient working conditions are presented. The hysteresis effect is studied for charge consumption at different frequencies and a rate-dependent hysteresis model is derived. The hysteresis model is implemented as closed loop system and is verified experimentally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20sensing-actuator" title="dual sensing-actuator">dual sensing-actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroactive%20polymers" title=" electroactive polymers"> electroactive polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis" title=" hysteresis"> hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20control" title=" position control"> position control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71673/modelling-of-rate-dependent-hysteresis-of-polypyrrole-dual-sensing-actuators-for-precise-position-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1005</span> Performance Analysis of BLDC Motors for Flywheel Energy Storage Applications with Nonmagnetic vs. Magnetic Core Stator using Finite Element Time Stepping Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Kumar%20Pasa">Alok Kumar Pasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krs%20Raghavan"> Krs Raghavan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a comparative analysis of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors for flywheel applications with a focus on the choice of stator core materials. The study employs a Finite Element Method (FEM) in time domain to investigate the performance characteristics of BLDC motors equipped with nonmagnetic and magnetic type stator core materials. Preliminary results reveal significant differences in motor efficiency, torque production, and electromagnetic properties between the two configurations. This research sheds light on the advantages of utilizing nonmagnetic materials in BLDC motors for flywheel applications, offering potential advantages in terms of efficiency, weight reduction and cost-effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20time%20stepping%20method" title="finite element time stepping method">finite element time stepping method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20BLDC%20motor" title=" high-speed BLDC motor"> high-speed BLDC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flywheel%20energy%20storage%20system" title=" flywheel energy storage system"> flywheel energy storage system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coreless%20BLDC%20motors" title=" coreless BLDC motors"> coreless BLDC motors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194935/performance-analysis-of-bldc-motors-for-flywheel-energy-storage-applications-with-nonmagnetic-vs-magnetic-core-stator-using-finite-element-time-stepping-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194935.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1004</span> Comparison of Techniques for Detection and Diagnosis of Eccentricity in the Air-Gap Fault in Induction Motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abrah%C3%A3o%20S.%20Fontes">Abrahão S. Fontes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20A.%20V.%20Cardoso"> Carlos A. V. Cardoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levi%20P.%20B.%20Oliveira"> Levi P. B. Oliveira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The induction motors are used worldwide in various industries. Several maintenance techniques are applied to increase the operating time and the lifespan of these motors. Among these, the predictive maintenance techniques such as Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA), Motor Square Current Signature Analysis (MSCSA), Park's Vector Approach (PVA) and Park's Vector Square Modulus (PVSM) are used to detect and diagnose faults in electric motors, characterized by patterns in the stator current frequency spectrum. In this article, these techniques are applied and compared on a real motor, which has the fault of eccentricity in the air-gap. It was used as a theoretical model of an electric induction motor without fault in order to assist comparison between the stator current frequency spectrum patterns with and without faults. Metrics were purposed and applied to evaluate the sensitivity of each technique fault detection. The results presented here show that the above techniques are suitable for the fault of eccentricity in the air gap, whose comparison between these showed the suitability of each one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentricity%20in%20the%20air-gap" title="eccentricity in the air-gap">eccentricity in the air-gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motors" title=" induction motors"> induction motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20maintenance" title=" predictive maintenance"> predictive maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62315/comparison-of-techniques-for-detection-and-diagnosis-of-eccentricity-in-the-air-gap-fault-in-induction-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62315.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1003</span> Approach to Functional Safety-Compliant Design of Electric Power Steering Systems for Commercial Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Chul%20Koag">Hyun Chul Koag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Sik%20Ahn"> Hyun-Sik Ahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a design approach for the safety mechanism of an actuator used in a commercial vehicle’s EPS system. As the number of electric/electronic system in a vehicle increases, the importance of the functional safety has been receiving much attention. EPS(Electric Power Steering) systems for commercial vehicles require large power than passenger vehicles, and hence, dual motor can be applied to get more torque. We show how to formulate the development process for the design of hardware and software of an EPS system using dual motors. A lot of safety mechanisms for the processor, sensors, and memory have been suggested, however, those for actuators have not been fully researched. It is shown by metric analyses that the target ASIL(Automotive Safety Integrated Level) is satisfied in the point of view of hardware of EPS controller. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20mechanism" title="safety mechanism">safety mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20safety" title=" functional safety"> functional safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20vehicles" title=" commercial vehicles"> commercial vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20power%20steering" title=" electric power steering"> electric power steering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71842/approach-to-functional-safety-compliant-design-of-electric-power-steering-systems-for-commercial-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71842.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1002</span> A Discovery of the Dual Sequential Pattern of Prime Numbers in P x P: Applications in a Formal Proof of the Twin-Prime Conjecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingxu%20Wang">Yingxu Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents basic research on the recursive structures and dual sequential patterns of primes for the formal proof of the Twin-Prime Conjecture (TPC). A rigorous methodology of Twin-Prime Decomposition (TPD) is developed in MATLAB to inductively verify potential twins in the dual sequences of primes. The key finding of this basic study confirms that the dual sequences of twin primes are not only symmetric but also infinitive in the unique base 6 cycle, except a limited subset of potential pairs is eliminated by the lack of dual primality. Both theory and experiments have formally proven that the infinity of twin primes stated in TPC holds in the P x P space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20theory" title="number theory">number theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primes" title=" primes"> primes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin-prime%20conjecture" title=" twin-prime conjecture"> twin-prime conjecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20primes%20%28P%20x%20P%29" title=" dual primes (P x P)"> dual primes (P x P)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twin%20prime%20decomposition" title=" twin prime decomposition"> twin prime decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formal%20proof" title=" formal proof"> formal proof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182326/a-discovery-of-the-dual-sequential-pattern-of-prime-numbers-in-p-x-p-applications-in-a-formal-proof-of-the-twin-prime-conjecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1001</span> Experimental Validation of a Mathematical Model for Sizing End-of-Production-Line Test Benches for Electric Motors of Electric Vehicle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emiliano%20Lustrissimi">Emiliano Lustrissimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bonifacio%20Bianco"> Bonifacio Bianco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastiano%20Caravaggi"> Sebastiano Caravaggi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Rosato"> Antonio Rosato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mathematical framework has been designed to enhance the configuration of an end-of-production-line (EOL) test bench. This system can be used to assess the performance of electric motors or axles intended for electric vehicles. The model has been developed to predict the behaviour of EOL test benches and electric motors/axles under various boundary conditions, eliminating the need for extensive physical testing and reducing the corresponding power consumption. The suggested model is versatile, capable of being utilized across various types of electric motors or axles, and adaptable to accommodate varying power ratings of electric motors or axles. The maximum performance to be guaranteed by the EMs according to the car maker's specifications are taken as inputs in the model. Then, the required performance of each main EOL test bench component is calculated, and the corresponding systems available on the market are selected based on manufacturers’ catalogues. In this study, an EOL test bench has been designed according to the proposed model outputs for testing a low-power (about 22 kW) electric axle. The performance of the designed EOL test bench has been measured and used to validate the proposed model and assess both the consistency of the constraints as well as the accuracy of predictions in terms of electric demands. The comparison between experimental and predicted data exhibited a reasonable agreement, allowing to demonstrate that, despite some discrepancies, the model gives an accurate representation of the EOL test benches' performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20motors" title="electric motors">electric motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title=" electric vehicles"> electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end-of-production-line%20test%20bench" title=" end-of-production-line test bench"> end-of-production-line test bench</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20tests" title=" field tests"> field tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185756/experimental-validation-of-a-mathematical-model-for-sizing-end-of-production-line-test-benches-for-electric-motors-of-electric-vehicle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1000</span> Dual Band Antenna Design with Compact Radiator for 2.5/5.2/5.8 Ghz Wlan Application Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramnath%20Narhete">Ramnath Narhete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saket%20Pandey"> Saket Pandey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puran%20Gour"> Puran Gour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents of dual-band planner antenna with a compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 proposed by optimizing its resonant frequency, Bandwidth of operation and radiation frequency using the genetic algorithm. The antenna consists L-shaped and E-shaped radiating element to generate two resonant modes for dual band operation. The above techniques have been successfully used in many applications. Dual band antenna with the compact radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN application design and radiator size only width 8mm and a length is 11.3 mm. The antenna can we used for various application in the field of communication. Genetic algorithm will be used to design the antenna and impedance matching network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-band%20E" title=" dual-band E"> dual-band E</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-band%20L" title=" dual-band L"> dual-band L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20radiator" title=" compact radiator"> compact radiator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28512/dual-band-antenna-design-with-compact-radiator-for-255258-ghz-wlan-application-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">579</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">999</span> Study of the Protection of Induction Motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bencheikh%20Abdellah">Bencheikh Abdellah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a mathematical model dedicated to the simulation breaks bars in a three-phase cage induction motor. This model is based on a mesh circuit representing the rotor cage. The tested simulation allowed us to demonstrate the effectiveness of this model to describe the behavior of the machine in a healthy state, failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AC%20motors" title="AC motors">AC motors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squirrel%20cage" title=" squirrel cage"> squirrel cage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostics" title=" diagnostics"> diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MATLAB" title=" MATLAB"> MATLAB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIMULINK" title=" SIMULINK"> SIMULINK</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19635/study-of-the-protection-of-induction-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">998</span> Hamiltonian Related Properties with and without Faults of the Dual-Cube Interconnection Network and Their Variations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Yan%20Chen">Shih-Yan Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Shin%20Kao"> Shin-Shin Kao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a thorough review about dual-cubes, DCn, the related studies and their variations are given. DCn was introduced to be a network which retains the pleasing properties of hypercube Qn but has a much smaller diameter. In fact, it is so constructed that the number of vertices of DCn is equal to the number of vertices of Q2n +1. However, each vertex in DCn is adjacent to n + 1 neighbors and so DCn has (n + 1) × 2^2n edges in total, which is roughly half the number of edges of Q2n+1. In addition, the diameter of any DCn is 2n +2, which is of the same order of that of Q2n+1. For selfcompleteness, basic definitions, construction rules and symbols are provided. We chronicle the results, where eleven significant theorems are presented, and include some open problems at the end. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-cubes" title="dual-cubes">dual-cubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-cube%20extensive%20networks" title=" dual-cube extensive networks"> dual-cube extensive networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-cube-like%20networks" title=" dual-cube-like networks"> dual-cube-like networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypercubes" title=" hypercubes"> hypercubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault-tolerant%20hamiltonian%20property" title=" fault-tolerant hamiltonian property"> fault-tolerant hamiltonian property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39202/hamiltonian-related-properties-with-and-without-faults-of-the-dual-cube-interconnection-network-and-their-variations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">997</span> Comparison of Student Grades in Dual-Enrollment Courses Taken Inside and Outside of Texas High Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cynthia%20A.%20Gallardo">Cynthia A. Gallardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelly%20S.%20Hall"> Kelly S. Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristopher%20Garza"> Kristopher Garza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linda%20Challoo"> Linda Challoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mais%20Nijim"> Mais Nijim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dual-enrollment programs have become more prevalent in college and high school settings. Also known as early college programs, dual-enrollment programs help students acquire a head start in earning college credit for post-secondary studies. The number and percentage of high school students who take college courses while in high school is growing. However, little is known about how dual-enrolled students fare. The classroom environment is important to learning. This study compares dually enrolled high school students who take courses that yield college credit either within their high school or at some other location. Mann-Whitney U was the statistical test used. Mean proportions were compared for each of the five standard letter grades earned across the state of Texas. Results indicated that students earn similar passing A, B, and C grades when they take dual-enrollment courses at their high school location but are more likely to fail if they take dual-enrollment courses at non-high school locations. Implications of results are that student success rate of dual-enrollment college courses may have a significant difference between the locations and student performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20leadership" title="educational leadership">educational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-enrollment" title=" dual-enrollment"> dual-enrollment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20performance" title=" student performance"> student performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=college" title=" college"> college</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168852/comparison-of-student-grades-in-dual-enrollment-courses-taken-inside-and-outside-of-texas-high-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">996</span> An Algorithm for Preventing the Irregular Operation Modes of the Drive Synchronous Motor Providing the Ore Grinding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdasaryan%20Marinka">Baghdasaryan Marinka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current scientific and engineering interest concerning the problems of preventing the emergency manifestations of drive synchronous motors, ensuring the ore grinding technological process has been justified. The analysis of the known works devoted to the abnormal operation modes of synchronous motors and possibilities of protection against them, has shown that their application is inexpedient for preventing the impermissible displays arising in the electrical drive synchronous motors ensuring the ore-grinding process. The main energy and technological factors affecting the technical condition of synchronous motors are evaluated. An algorithm for preventing the irregular operation modes of the electrical drive synchronous motor applied in the ore-grinding technological process has been developed and proposed for further application which gives an opportunity to provide smart solutions, ensuring the safe operation of the drive synchronous motor by a comprehensive consideration of the energy and technological factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20motor" title="synchronous motor">synchronous motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abnormal%20operating%20mode" title=" abnormal operating mode"> abnormal operating mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20drive" title=" electric drive"> electric drive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20factor" title=" energy factor"> energy factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20factor" title=" technological factor"> technological factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122065/an-algorithm-for-preventing-the-irregular-operation-modes-of-the-drive-synchronous-motor-providing-the-ore-grinding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">995</span> Pool Fire Tests of Dual Purpose Casks for Spent Nuclear Fuel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Bang">K. S. Bang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Yu"> S. H. Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20C.%20Lee"> J. C. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Seo"> K. S. Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Lee"> S. H. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dual purpose casks are used for storage and transport of spent nuclear fuel assemblies. Therefore, they satisfy the requirements prescribed in the Korea NSSC Act 2013-27, the IAEA Safety Standard Series No. SSR-6, and US 10 CFR Part 71. These regulatory guidelines classify the dual purpose cask as a Type B package, and state that a Type B package must be able to withstand a temperature of 800°C for a period of 30 min. Therefore, a fire test was conducted using a one-sixth slice of a real cask to estimate the thermal integrity of the dual purpose cask at a temperature of 800°C. The neutron shield reached a maximum temperature of 183°C, which indicates that dual purpose cask was properly insulated from the heat of the flames. The temperature rise of the basket during the fire test was 29°C. Therefore, the integrity of a spent nuclear fuel is estimated to be maintained. The temperature was lower when a cooling pin was installed. The neutron shielding was therefore protected adequately by cooling pin. As a result, the thermal integrity of the dual purpose cask was maintained and the cask is judged to be sufficiently safe for temperatures under 800°C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20purpose%20cask" title="dual purpose cask">dual purpose cask</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20nuclear%20fuel" title=" spent nuclear fuel"> spent nuclear fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20fire%20test" title=" pool fire test"> pool fire test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrity" title=" integrity"> integrity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28403/pool-fire-tests-of-dual-purpose-casks-for-spent-nuclear-fuel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">994</span> Fourier Transform and Machine Learning Techniques for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Induction Motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Duc%20V.%20Nguyen">Duc V. Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Induction motors are widely used in different industry areas and can experience various kinds of faults in stators and rotors. In general, fault detection and diagnosis techniques for induction motors can be supervised by measuring quantities such as noise, vibration, and temperature. The installation of mechanical sensors in order to assess the health conditions of a machine is typically only done for expensive or load-critical machines, where the high cost of a continuous monitoring system can be Justified. Nevertheless, induced current monitoring can be implemented inexpensively on machines with arbitrary sizes by using current transformers. In this regard, effective and low-cost fault detection techniques can be implemented, hence reducing the maintenance and downtime costs of motors. This work proposes a method for fault detection and diagnosis of induction motors, which combines classical fast Fourier transform and modern/advanced machine learning techniques. The proposed method is validated on real-world data and achieves a precision of 99.7% for fault detection and 100% for fault classification with minimal expert knowledge requirement. In addition, this approach allows users to be able to optimize/balance risks and maintenance costs to achieve the highest benet based on their requirements. These are the key requirements of a robust prognostics and health management system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20detection" title="fault detection">fault detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FFT" title=" FFT"> FFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title=" induction motor"> induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20maintenance" title=" predictive maintenance"> predictive maintenance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134923/fourier-transform-and-machine-learning-techniques-for-fault-detection-and-diagnosis-of-induction-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">993</span> Dual-Network Memory Model for Temporal Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motonobu%20Hattori">Motonobu Hattori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In neural networks, when new patters are learned by a network, they radically interfere with previously stored patterns. This drawback is called catastrophic forgetting. We have already proposed a biologically inspired dual-network memory model which can much reduce this forgetting for static patterns. In this model, information is ﬁrst stored in the hippocampal network, and thereafter, it is transferred to the neocortical network using pseudo patterns. Because, temporal sequence learning is more important than static pattern learning in the real world, in this study, we improve our conventional dual-network memory model so that it can deal with temporal sequences without catastrophic forgetting. The computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed dual-network memory model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catastrophic%20forgetting" title="catastrophic forgetting">catastrophic forgetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-network" title=" dual-network"> dual-network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20sequences" title=" temporal sequences"> temporal sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hippocampal" title=" hippocampal "> hippocampal </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2908/dual-network-memory-model-for-temporal-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">992</span> Study of Dual Fuel Engine as Environmentally Friendly Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nilam%20S.%20Octaviani">Nilam S. Octaviani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Semin"> Semin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses compressed air to combust. The diesel engines are widely used in the world because it has the most excellent combustion efficiency than other types of internal combustion engine.  However, the exhaust emissions of it produce pollutants that are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, natural gas used as an alternative fuel using on compression ignition engine to respond those environment issues. This paper aims to discuss the comparison of the technical characteristics and exhaust gases emission from conventional diesel engine and dual fuel diesel engine. According to the study, the dual fuel engine applications have a lower compression pressure and has longer ignition delay compared with normal diesel mode. The engine power is decreased at dual fuel mode. However, the exhaust gases emission on dual fuel engine significantly reduce the nitrogen oxide (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and particular metter (PM) emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel%20engine" title="diesel engine">diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20fuel%20diesel%20engine" title=" dual fuel diesel engine"> dual fuel diesel engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20reduction" title=" emission reduction"> emission reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20characteristics" title=" technical characteristics"> technical characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61852/study-of-dual-fuel-engine-as-environmentally-friendly-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61852.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">991</span> Research on the Torsional Vibration of a Power-Split Hybrid Powertrain Equipped with a Dual Mass Flywheel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaolin%20Tang">Xiaolin Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yang"> Wei Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoan%20Chen"> Xiaoan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research described in this paper was aimed at exploring the torsional vibration characteristics of a power-split hybrid powertrain equipped with a dual mass flywheel. The dynamic equations of governing torsional vibration for this hybrid driveline are presented, and the multi-body dynamic model for the powertrain is established with the software of ADAMS. Accordingly, different parameters of dual mass flywheel are investigated by forced vibration to reduce the torsional vibration of hybrid drive train. The analysis shows that the implementation of a dual mass flywheel is an effective way to decrease the torsional vibration of the hybrid powertrain. At last, the optimal combination of parameters yielding the lowest vibration is provided. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20mass%20flywheel" title="dual mass flywheel">dual mass flywheel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20electric%20vehicle" title=" hybrid electric vehicle"> hybrid electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20vibration" title=" torsional vibration"> torsional vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powertrain" title=" powertrain"> powertrain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47396/research-on-the-torsional-vibration-of-a-power-split-hybrid-powertrain-equipped-with-a-dual-mass-flywheel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">990</span> Mediating Role of Burnout in Personality and Marital Satisfaction of Single and Dual Career Couples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Subhan">Sara Subhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Married couples tend to experience various bio-psycho-social issues that may eventually impact the quality of their marital relationship and mental wellbeing. This study aimed to find out the comparison between the single and dual-career couples’ personality, burnout and marital satisfaction. For that purpose Big Five Inventory, Couple Satisfaction Inventory, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey was used to measure the relationship between variables. The main study was carried out on 200 samples of single and dual-earner couples with the age range of 23-52 (mean= 34.58; standard deviation= 6.51) by using a purposive sampling strategy. The results showed that burnout tendencies like exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy are playing a mediation role between the personality and marital satisfaction of both single and dual career couples. Also, the results revealed that dual-career couples are more likely to have marital satisfaction as compared to single career couples. The results were further discussed in the light of its implications in its cultural context and counseling areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20career%20couples" title="dual career couples">dual career couples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marital%20satisfaction" title=" marital satisfaction"> marital satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burnout%20tendencies" title=" burnout tendencies"> burnout tendencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104310/mediating-role-of-burnout-in-personality-and-marital-satisfaction-of-single-and-dual-career-couples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">989</span> The Effects of Dual-Enrollment Programs on Students’ Post-Secondary Academic Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cody%20Kirby">Cody Kirby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaustav%20Misra"> Kaustav Misra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arundhati%20Bagchi%20Misra"> Arundhati Bagchi Misra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharon%20P.%20Cox"> Sharon P. Cox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the relationship that dual-enrollment programs have on academic performance and retention. Both performance and retention are significant issues in higher education. The first, performance, is a goal of higher education, having an impact on students’ lives. The second, retention, is key to the viability of any college or university. This paper uses survey research methodology to examine factors that lead to positive student academic performance, which leads to retention, specifically in dual-enrollment programs. The data show several characteristics that lead to a positive impact on GPA. These include the following; age, Caucasian race, full-time status, students in STEM programs, and finally dual enrollment participation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20enrollment" title="dual enrollment">dual enrollment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=early%20college" title=" early college"> early college</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention" title=" retention"> retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undergraduate%20education" title=" undergraduate education"> undergraduate education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146886/the-effects-of-dual-enrollment-programs-on-students-post-secondary-academic-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">988</span> Gender Role Attitudes and Work-Life Balance among Dual-Earner Couples: A Case Study of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tipu%20Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed research intends to explore the gender role attitudes and work-life balance among dual-earner couples in Pakistan. With the increase of female labor force participation in Pakistan, the trend of dual-earner couples has been increased than ever before. This new trend of dual-earner families has significantly affected the personal life of dual-earner couples. Due to major change in household structures, the traditions and the routine activities are in continuous transition. Balancing work and family life is more complex in the patriarchal society of Pakistan because of the social expectations of gender roles. A dichotomous behavioral reflection is being observed in Pakistani society. The one group of people having an egalitarian attitude are supporting the new gender roles of females, whereas the other group of people having a traditional mindset is still in the favor of patriarchy. Therefore, gender roles are re-evaluated, and it would be more interesting to raise questions on the interplay of new gender roles and work-life balance among dual-earners. The semi-structured interview guide will be utilized to explore gender role attitudes, ideal and in-practice gender roles, experiences of work-life imbalances/balances, possible strategies to create a balance between work and family life among dual-earner couples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-earner%20couples" title="dual-earner couples">dual-earner couples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20role%20attitudes" title=" gender role attitudes"> gender role attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work-life%20balance" title=" work-life balance"> work-life balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145665/gender-role-attitudes-and-work-life-balance-among-dual-earner-couples-a-case-study-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">987</span> Mechanisms and Regulation of the Bi-directional Motility of Mitotic Kinesin Nano-motors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larisa%20Gheber">Larisa Gheber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mitosis is an essential process by which duplicated genetic information is transmitted from mother to daughter cells. Incorrect chromosome segregation during mitosis can lead to genetic diseases, chromosome instability and cancer. This process is mediated by a dynamic microtubule-based intracellular structure, the mitotic spindle. One of the major factors that govern the mitotic spindle dynamics are the kinesin-5 biological nano motors that were believed to move unidirectionally on the microtubule filaments, using ATP hydrolysis, thus performing essential functions in mitotic spindle dynamics. Surprisingly, several reports from our and other laboratories have demonstrated that some kinesin-5 motors are bi-directional: they move in minus-end direction on the microtubules as single-molecules and can switch directionality under a number of conditions. These findings broke a twenty-five-years old dogma regarding kinesin directionality (1, 2). The mechanism of this bi-directional motility and its physiological significance remain unclear. To address this unresolved problem, we apply an interdisciplinary approach combining live cell imaging, biophysical single molecule, and structural experiments to examine the activity of these motors and their mutated variants in vivo and in vitro. Our data shows that factors such as protein phosphorylation (3, 4), motor clustering on the microtubules (5, 6) and structural elements (7, 8) regulate the bi-directional motility of kinesin motors. We also show, using Cryo-EM, that bi-directional kinesin motors obtain non-canonical microtubule binding, which is essential to their special motile properties and intracellular functions. We will discuss the implication of these findings to mechanism bi-directional motility and physiological roles in mitosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitosis" title="mitosis">mitosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinesin" title=" kinesin"> kinesin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtubules" title=" microtubules"> microtubules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemistry" title=" biochemistry"> biochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biophysics" title=" biophysics"> biophysics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167925/mechanisms-and-regulation-of-the-bi-directional-motility-of-mitotic-kinesin-nano-motors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">986</span> A Study on the Calculation of Bearing Life of Electric Motor Using Accelerated Life Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youn-Hwan%20Kim">Youn-Hwan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hae-Joong%20Kim"> Hae-Joong Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Won%20Moon"> Jae-Won Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the results of the study on the development of accelerated life test methods for the motor used in machine tools. In recent years, as well as efficiency for motors, there is a growing need for research on life expectancy of motors. It is considered impossible to calculate the acceleration coefficient by increasing the rotational load or temperature load as the acceleration stress in the motor system because the temperature of the copper exceeds the wire thermal class rating. This paper describes the equipment development procedure for the highly accelerated life test (HALT) of the 12kW three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors (SCIMs). After the test, the lifetime analysis was carried out and it is compared with the bearing life expectancy by ISO 281. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceleration%20coefficient" title="acceleration coefficient">acceleration coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title=" bearing"> bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HALT" title=" HALT"> HALT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20expectancy" title=" life expectancy"> life expectancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motor" title=" motor"> motor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78838/a-study-on-the-calculation-of-bearing-life-of-electric-motor-using-accelerated-life-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">985</span> A Performance Study of Fixed, Single-Axis and Dual-Axis Photovoltaic Systems in Kuwait </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Rashidi">A. Al-Rashidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Hamalawi"> A. El-Hamalawi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a performance study was conducted to investigate single and dual-axis PV systems to generate electricity in five different sites in Kuwait. Relevant data were obtained by using two sources for validation purposes. A commercial software, PVsyst, was used to analyse the data, such as metrological data and other input parameters, and compute the performance parameters such as capacity factor (CF) and final yield (YF). The results indicated that single and dual-axis PV systems would be very beneficial to electricity generation in Kuwait as an alternative source to conventional power plants, especially with the increased demand over time. The ranges were also found to be competitive in comparison to leading countries using similar systems. A significant increase in CF and YF values around 24% and 28.8% was achieved related to the use of single and dual systems, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-axis%20and%20dual-axis%20photovoltaic%20systems" title="single-axis and dual-axis photovoltaic systems">single-axis and dual-axis photovoltaic systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20factor" title=" capacity factor"> capacity factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=final%20yield" title=" final yield"> final yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48794/a-performance-study-of-fixed-single-axis-and-dual-axis-photovoltaic-systems-in-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48794.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">984</span> Determination of Suitability Between Single Phase Induction Motor and Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nakarin%20Prempri">Nakarin Prempri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single-phase induction motors are widely used in industry. Most manufacturing processes use capacitor-run single-phase induction motors to drive mechanical loads. The selection of a suitable motor for driving is important. The optimum operating range of the motor can help the motor operate efficiently. Thus, this paper presents an operating range analysis of capacitor-run single-phase induction motors and a determination of suitability between motor and mechanical loads. an observational study found that the optimum operating range of the motor can be used to determine the suitability between the motor and the mechanical load. Such considerations ensure that the motor uses no more current than necessary and operates efficiently. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20phase%20induction%20motor" title="single phase induction motor">single phase induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operating%20range" title=" operating range"> operating range</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torque%20curve" title=" torque curve"> torque curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency%20curve" title=" efficiency curve"> efficiency curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172628/determination-of-suitability-between-single-phase-induction-motor-and-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">983</span> Effect of Martensite Content and Its Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Dual Phase Steel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Manoj">M. K. Manoj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Pancholi"> V. Pancholi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Nath"> S. K. Nath </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalloyed dual phase steels have been prepared by intercritical austenitisation (ICA) treatment of normalized steel at different temperature and time. Water quenching wad carried to obtain different martensite volume fraction (MVF) in DP steels. DP steels and normalized steels have been characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, Vickers hardness measurements and tensile properties determination. The effect of MVF and martensite morphology on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of microalloyed dual phase steels have been explained in the present work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20phase%20steel" title="dual phase steel">dual phase steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=martensite%20morphology" title=" martensite morphology"> martensite morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title=" hardness"> hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85013/effect-of-martensite-content-and-its-morphology-on-mechanical-properties-of-microalloyed-dual-phase-steel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20motors&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20motors&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20motors&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20motors&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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