CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Shepseskare - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"209bba5d-eaad-448b-a6b1-5f8fd45b63ef","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Shepseskare","wgTitle":"Shepseskare","wgCurRevisionId":1277985358,"wgRevisionId":1277985358,"wgArticleId":1937992,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the WikiHiero extension","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Featured articles","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","25th-century BC pharaohs","Pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt","3rd-millennium BC births","25th-century BC deaths"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Shepseskare", "wgRelevantArticleId":1937992,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q268601","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.wikihiero":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="681"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="454"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="363"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Shepseskare - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Shepseskare rootpage-Shepseskare skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shepseskare" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shepseskare" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Shepseskare" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Shepseskare" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Attestations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attestations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Attestations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attestations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attestations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attestations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporaneous_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporaneous_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Contemporaneous sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporaneous_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Historical sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronological_position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronological_position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Chronological position</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronological_position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Duration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Building activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Building_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Building activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Building_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pyramid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyramid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pyramid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyramid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sun_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sun_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sun temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sun_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortuary_temple_of_Neferefre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortuary_temple_of_Neferefre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mortuary temple of Neferefre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortuary_temple_of_Neferefre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shepseskare</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjepseskare" title="Sjepseskare – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjepseskare" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="شبسس كارع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شبسس كارع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepsekare" title="Shepsekare – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shepsekare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0epseskare" title="Šepseskare – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šepseskare" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schepseskare" title="Schepseskare – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schepseskare" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskara" title="Shepseskara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shepseskara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cepseskara" title="Ŝepseskara – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝepseskara" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskara" title="Shepseskara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shepseskara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="شپسس‌کارع – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شپسس‌کارع" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chepseskar%C3%AA" title="Chepseskarê – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chepseskarê" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%81%EC%84%B8%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A0%88" title="솁세스카레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="솁세스카레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0epseskara_Isi" title="Šepseskara Isi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šepseskara Isi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shepseskare" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskara" title="Shepseskara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shepseskara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A1_%D7%9B%D7%90_%D7%A8%D7%A2" title="שפסס כא רע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפסס כא רע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="შეპსესკარა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შეპსესკარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0epseskar%C4%97" title="Šepseskarė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šepseskarė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepszeszkar%C3%A9" title="Sepszeszkaré – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sepszeszkaré" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Шепсескаре – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шепсескаре" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B3_%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="شيبس كا رع – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شيبس كا رع" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjepseskare" title="Sjepseskare – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjepseskare" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%97%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="シェプセスカラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シェプセスカラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskara" title="Shepseskara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Shepseskara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szepseskare" title="Szepseskare – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szepseskare" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisires" title="Sisires – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sisires" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare_Isi" title="Shepseskare Isi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shepseskare Isi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шепсескара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шепсескара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0epseskare" title="Šepseskare – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šepseskare" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Шепсескаре – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шепсескаре" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare_Isi" title="Shepseskare Isi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Shepseskare Isi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepseskara" title="Sepseskara – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sepseskara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskara" title="Shepseskara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shepseskara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare_Isi" title="Shepseskare Isi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shepseskare Isi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3" title="ฟาโรห์เชปเซสคาเร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์เชปเซสคาเร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шепсескара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шепсескара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shepseskare" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepseskare_Isi" title="Shepseskare Isi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Shepseskare Isi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89" title="谢普塞斯卡拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="谢普塞斯卡拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q268601#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Shepseskare" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Shepseskare" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Shepseskare" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&oldid=1277985358" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Shepseskare&id=1277985358&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShepseskare"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FShepseskare"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Shepseskare&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shepseskare_Isi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q268601" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles*" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Egyptian pharaoh</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Shepseskare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Sisires</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing by the Egyptologist Georges Émile Jules Daressy of a bronze cylinder seal of Shepseskare bearing his Horus name "Sekhemkhaw"[1]"><img alt="Drawing of the impression of a cylinder seal with four columns of hieroglyphic signs, two of which read "Sekhemkhaw"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png/300px-Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png 1.5x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="249" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Drawing by the Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Georges_%C3%89mile_Jules_Daressy" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Émile Jules Daressy">Georges Émile Jules Daressy</a> of a bronze cylinder seal of Shepseskare bearing his <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_name" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Horus name</a> "Sekhemkhaw"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Around a few months, c. 2458 BC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal198892_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal198892-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or seven years<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999190_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999190-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197858_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197858-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the mid 25th century BC<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> (most likely) or <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a> (most likely) or <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Horus_name" title="Horus name">Horus name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td>Sekhemkhaw<br /><i>Sḫm-ḫˁ.w</i><br /><i>He whose apparitions are powerful</i><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G5.png?bcb90" height="38" title="G5" alt="G5" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="48px" width="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="46" style="padding:0 5px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S42.png?5bfe7" height="38" title="S42" alt="S42" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28" alt="N28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43" alt="G43" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/50px-Srxtail2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/75px-Srxtail2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/100px-Srxtail2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>:</b><br />Niswt Shepseskare <a href="/wiki/Maat_Kheru" class="mw-redirect" title="Maat Kheru">Maat Kheru</a><br /><i>Niswt Špss-k3-Rˁ M3ˁ-ḫrw</i><br /><i>King Shepseskare the justified</i><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="38" title="M23" alt="M23" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A43.png?17263" height="38" title="A43" alt="A43" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca1.png?0f9ce" height="44" title="<" alt="<" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A51.png?9e332" height="38" title="A51" alt="A51" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29" alt="S29" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29" alt="S29" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca2.png?3dadc" height="44" title=">" alt=">" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Aa11.png?e19b4" height="7" title="Aa11" alt="Aa11" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_P8.png?709fb" height="38" title="P8" alt="P8" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">Praenomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td>Shepseskare<br /><i>Špss-k3-Rˁ</i><br /><i>The <a href="/wiki/Ka_(Egyptian_soul)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka (Egyptian soul)">Ka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> is noble</i><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="31" title="M23" alt="M23" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="8" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_L2.png?ff0ae" height="31" title="L2" alt="L2" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="8" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca1.png?0f9ce" height="44" title="<" alt="<" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A51.png?9e332" height="38" title="A51" alt="A51" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29" alt="S29" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29" alt="S29" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca2.png?3dadc" height="44" title=">" alt=">" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(ancient_Egypt)" title="Nomen (ancient Egypt)">Nomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td>Netjeruser<br /><i>Nṯr-wsr</i><br /><i>He whose strength is divine</i><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G39.png?eb053" height="38" title="G39" alt="G39" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca1.png?0f9ce" height="44" title="<" alt="<" /></td><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr><tr><td><table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R8.png?c3d74" height="38" title="R8" alt="R8" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43" alt="G43" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F12.png?0fd6a" height="38" title="F12" alt="F12" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29" alt="S29" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21" alt="D21" /></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td class="mw-hiero-box" style="height: 2px;"></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><img class="skin-invert" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Ca2.png?3dadc" height="44" title=">" alt=">" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Possibly <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Possibly <a href="/wiki/Meretnebty" title="Meretnebty">Meretnebty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 2458 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Monuments</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Pyramid_of_Abusir" title="Unfinished Pyramid of Abusir">Unfinished trench in North Abusir</a> representing the earliest stages of a pyramid</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shepseskare</b> or <b>Shepseskara</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Egyptian</a> for "Noble is the Soul of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>"; died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2458 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199461_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199461-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">king</a>, the fourth or fifth ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a> (2494–2345 BC) during the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a> period. Shepseskare lived in the mid-<a href="/wiki/25th_century_BC" title="25th century BC">25th century BC</a> and was probably the owner of an unfinished pyramid in <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a>, which was abandoned after a few weeks of work in the earliest stages of its construction.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following historical sources, Shepseskare was traditionally believed to have reigned for seven years, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a> and preceding <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> on the throne,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making him the fourth ruler of the dynasty. He is the most obscure ruler of this dynasty and the <a href="/wiki/Egyptologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptologist">Egyptologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Verner" title="Miroslav Verner">Miroslav Verner</a> has strongly argued that Shepseskare's reign lasted only a few months at the most, after that of Neferefre. This conclusion is based upon the state and location of Shepseskare's unfinished pyramid in Abusir as well as the very small number of artefacts attributable to this king. Verner's arguments have now convinced several Egyptologists such as Darrell Baker and <a href="/wiki/Erik_Hornung" title="Erik Hornung">Erik Hornung</a>. </p><p>Shepseskare's relations to his predecessor and successor are not known for certain. Verner has proposed that he was a son of <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> and a brother to Neferirkare Kakai, who briefly seized the throne following the premature death of his predecessor and probable nephew, Neferefre. Shepseskare may himself have died unexpectedly or he may have lost the throne to another of his nephews, the future pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a>. The possibility that Shepseskare was a short-lived usurper from outside the royal family cannot be totally excluded. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attestations">Attestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporaneous_sources">Contemporaneous sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporaneous sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shepseskare was a king of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, the fourth<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199956–57king_number_4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199956–57king_number_4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or fifth<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ruler of the Fifth Dynasty. Egypt was unified at the time, with its capital located at <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597–601entry_"Fifth_Dynasty"_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597–601entry_"Fifth_Dynasty"-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shepseskare is the least-known king of the Fifth Dynasty as very few artefacts dating to his reign have survived to this day. Only two <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_seal" title="Cylinder seal">cylinder seals</a> of Shepseskare are known: one, made of bronze, bears Shepseskare's <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_name" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Horus name</a> and was uncovered in the ruins of Memphis in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second seal, of unknown provenance, is made of black <a href="/wiki/Serpentine_subgroup" title="Serpentine subgroup">serpentine</a> and reads "Shepseskare beloved of the gods, Shepseskare beloved of <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000583_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000583-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond these two seals the only surviving artefacts attributable to Shepseskare are five fragments of seal impressions on clay from <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and six further fragments discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferefre#Mortuary_temple" title="Pyramid of Neferefre">mortuary temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_the_Knife" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of the Knife">Sanctuary of the Knife</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferefre" title="Pyramid of Neferefre">Pyramid of Neferefre</a>, also in Abusir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000584–585_&_fig._1_p._599_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000584–585_&_fig._1_p._599-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_pp._289–294_and_B._Tafeln,_8lf_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_pp._289–294_and_B._Tafeln,_8lf-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fragments probably come from three different seals and were most likely placed on the doors of magazine rooms in the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, a further clay seal impression of Shepseskare was uncovered in the immediate vicinity of Nyuserre's Abusir sun temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETabikha2022_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabikha2022-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shepseskare_scarab.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drawing of the impression of a scaraboid seal with a seated man reading Shepes in the center and a sun disk reading Ra on the right." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Shepseskare_scarab.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="112" /></a><figcaption>Drawing by <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Scaraboid_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaraboid seal">scarab seal</a> reading "Shepeskare" <small>[sic]</small> but probably dating to the Saite period<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole190574,_fig._43_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole190574,_fig._43-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Finally, there is a single scarab seal reading "Shepeskare" <small>[sic]</small> that the Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> attributed to Shepseskare at the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrie1976pl._1_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrie1976pl._1-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern scholars doubt this attribution and rather believe the scarab to be a work of the much later <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Saite period</a> (685–525 BC) executed in archaic style.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Equally, the scarab could belong to <a href="/wiki/Gemenefkhonsbak" title="Gemenefkhonsbak">Gemenefkhonsbak Shepeskare</a>, an obscure kinglet of <a href="/wiki/Tanis" title="Tanis">Tanis</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">25th Dynasty</a> (760–656 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_sources">Historical sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ancient Egyptian king list mentioning Shepseskare is the <a href="/wiki/Saqqara_Tablet" title="Saqqara Tablet">Saqqara Tablet</a> (on the 28th entry).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalek198221–28_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalek198221–28-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tablet was inscribed during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> (1279–1213 BC), around 1,200 years after Shepseskare's lifetime, and records the dynastic succession Neferikare → Shepseskare → Neferkhare (a variant name of <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shepseskare is completely absent from another king list dating to the same period: the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos king list</a>, written during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> (1294–1279 BC). He is also absent from the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a> (reign of Ramses II), although in this case a <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(manuscripts)" title="Lacuna (manuscripts)">lacuna</a> affects the papyrus on which the list is written at the place where Shepseskare and Neferefre's names should have been.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581–582_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581–582-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the two entries concerning Shepseskare and Neferefre on the king list, only one reign length is still legible and it has been variously read as one year,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1988pl._2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1988pl._2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eleven years<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1997153_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1997153-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or one to four months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damaged state of the papyrus also makes it impossible to decide safely whose reign length this is.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shepseskare was also likely mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptiaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptiaca">Aegyptiaca</a></i>, a history of Egypt written in the third century BC during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II">Ptolemy II</a> (283–246 BC) by the Egyptian priest <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>. No copies of the Aegyptiaca have survived to this day and it is now known only through later writings by <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>. Africanus relates that the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> mentioned the succession "Nefercheres → Sisires → Cheres" for the mid Fifth Dynasty. Nefercheres and Cheres are believed to be the <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">hellenized</a> forms for Neferirkare and Neferkhare (that is Neferefre), respectively. Thus, "Sisires" is traditionally believed to be the Greek name of Shepseskare, making Manetho's reconstruction of the Fifth Dynasty in good agreement with the Saqqara tablet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, according to Africanus, Manetho credits Sisires with seven years of reign while other sources report Manetho's figure as nine years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronological_position">Chronological position</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chronological position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abusir_map_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Plan of the necropolis of Abusir showing the alignment of the pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai and Neferefre on an axis pointing to Heliopolis. The pyramid attributed to Shepseskare is off this alignment, somewhat to the North." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Abusir_map_2.png/310px-Abusir_map_2.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Abusir_map_2.png/465px-Abusir_map_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Abusir_map_2.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Map of the necropolis of Abusir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000602_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000602-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unfinished pyramid is attributed to Shepseskare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008142_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008142-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red line points to <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Both the relative chronological position and absolute dates of Shepseskare's reign are uncertain. The Saqqara Tablet records Shepseskare as the successor of <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a> and the predecessor of Neferefre, which became the traditional opinion among Egyptologists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following discoveries in the early 1980s, the Czech Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Verner" title="Miroslav Verner">Miroslav Verner</a> advocates the hypothesis that Shepseskare succeeded, rather than preceded, Neferefre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000597_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000597-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In support of this hypothesis, Verner first emphasizes the presence of several clay seal impressions bearing Shepseskare's Horus name "Sekhemkaw" (meaning "He whose apparitions are powerful") in the oldest part of Neferere's mortuary temple, which was not built "until Neferefre's death".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner200358_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner200358-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This appears to suggest that Shepseskare ruled after—rather than before—Neferefre.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner's second argument concerns the alignment of pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai and Neferefre: they form a line pointing to <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a>, just as the three <a href="/wiki/Pyramids_of_Giza" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramids of Giza">pyramids of Giza</a> do.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Shepseskare's unfinished pyramid does not fall on the line to Heliopolis, which strongly suggests that Neferefre's pyramid had already been in place when Shepseskare started his.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Verner observes that Neferefre is known to have been Neferirkare's eldest son<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and around 20 years old<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when his father died so that he was in optimal position to inherit the throne. Shepseskare thus most likely took the throne after Neferefre. As Verner notes, while Shepseskare is noted as the immediate predecessor of Neferefre in the Saqqara tablet, "this slight discrepancy can ... be attributed to the [political] disorders of the time and its dynastic disputes."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duration">Duration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Duration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In two articles published in 2000 and 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner argues that, contrary to what Manetho indicates, Shepseskare must have reigned for a couple of months at the most, a hypothesis already proposed by the French Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Grimal" title="Nicolas Grimal">Nicolas Grimal</a> in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1988_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1988-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner's conclusion is based on the archeological record, in particular Shepseskare's intended pyramid at Abusir. Verner emphasizes that the progress of the pyramid, which is unfinished, </p> <blockquote><p>was interrupted [and] corresponds to the work of several weeks, perhaps no more than one or two months. In fact, the place was merely leveled and the excavation of the pit for the construction of the underground funerary apartment had only commenced. Moreover, the owner of the building obviously wanted to demonstrate by his choice of place (half-way between Sahure's pyramid and the sun temple of Userkaf) his relationship to either Sahure or <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a>. Theoretically, only two kings of the Fifth Dynasty whose pyramids had not yet been identified can be taken into consideration – Shepseskara or Menkauhor. However, according to a number of contemporaneous documents, <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor" class="mw-redirect" title="Menkauhor">Menkauhor</a> ... probably completed [his] pyramid elsewhere, in North Saqqara or Dahshur. Shepseskara, therefore, seems to be the likelier owner of the unfinished platform for a pyramid in North Abusir. Anyway, the builder of the platform [viz., Shepseskare] must have reigned for a very short time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The rediscovery in 2008 of the <a href="/wiki/Headless_Pyramid" title="Headless Pyramid">Headless Pyramid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> and its subsequent attribution to Menkauhor Kaiu by the excavators under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Zahi Hawass</a> confirms Verner's attribution of the unfinished pyramid of Abusir to Shepseskare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2008_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2008-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKratovac2008_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKratovac2008-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the other kings of the Fifth Dynasty, Shepseskare's name appears neither in the personal names of people of the time nor in the names of funerary estates.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacquet-Gordon1962_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacquet-Gordon1962-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also absent from the titles and biographies of state officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the stela of the Fifth Dynasty official Khau-Ptah lists an uninterrupted sequence of kings whom he served under, namely Sahure, Neferirkare, Neferefre and Nyuserre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The omission of Shepseskare, be it between Neferirkare and Neferefre or between Neferefre and Nyuserre,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicates that his reign must have been very short.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner200358_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner200358-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Manetho's <i>Aegyptiaca</i> dates to the third century BC, Khau-Ptah's contemporary account can be regarded as a more accurate indication of the political situation during the Fifth Dynasty. </p><p>Verner's arguments together with the scarcity of artefacts attributable to Shepseskare have now convinced many Egyptologists, such as Darrell Baker and <a href="/wiki/Erik_Hornung" title="Erik Hornung">Erik Hornung</a>, that Shepseskare's reign was indeed ephemeral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In view of the scarcity of sources concerning Shepseskare, nothing is known for certain about his relation to his predecessors. He was most likely a member of the royal family,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000589–590_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000589–590-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the possibility that he was a usurper unrelated to his predecessors cannot be totally excluded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596–597_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596–597-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Silke Roth has proposed that Shepseskare was a son of Neferirkare Kakai and a brother of both Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2001106_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2001106-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Verner has proposed that Shepseskare was a son of <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> who managed to briefly seize power after the premature death of Neferefre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would explain the proximity of Shepseskare's unfinished pyramid to <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Sahure" title="Pyramid of Sahure">that of Sahure</a>. Lending credence to this theory is the discovery by Verner and Tarek El Awady in 2005 of reliefs from the causeway of Sahure's pyramid complex showing him, his wife <a href="/wiki/Meretnebty" title="Meretnebty">Meretnebty</a> and their two sons Ranefer and Netjerirenre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relief gives both sons the title of "king's eldest son", indicating that they were possibly twins. The relief further indicates that Ranefer took the throne as "Neferirkare king of Upper and Lower Egypt".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner and Awady thus speculate that while Ranefer and his son Neferefre became kings, Netjerirenre could have attempted to seize the throne at the death of the latter. In this hypothesis Shepseskare would be the throne name of Netjerirenre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006213–214_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006213–214-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner had however himself written in 1997 that Shepseskare could equally be a son of <a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a>, last pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, or of Userkaf or Neferirkare Kakai as Roth suggested: so few are the actual evidences pertaining to the problem that all possibilities are just speculations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1997114_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1997114-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In yet another hypothesis, Jaromír Krejčí believes that Shepseskare was Neferefre's son.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler201540_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler201540-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shepseskare's reign may have been cut short by his unexpected death or his claim to the throne could have been thwarted by <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a>, Neferefre's younger brother and the younger son of King Neferirkare and Queen <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_II" title="Khentkaus II">Khentkaus II</a>. Khentkaus II's pivotal role in Nyuserre's eventual accession to the throne might explain her high esteem in Egyptian folklore and "the additional enlargement and upgrading of her mortuary temple" by Nyuserre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399–400_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399–400-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nyuserre also seemed to have been favored by powerful courtiers and officials, foremost among whom was <a href="/wiki/Ptahshepses" title="Ptahshepses">Ptahshepses</a>, who would become Nyuserre's son-in-law and <a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Vizier (Ancient Egypt)">vizier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_activities">Building activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Building activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pyramid">Pyramid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pyramid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An unfinished pyramid located in north Abusir, between the sun temple of Userkaf and the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Sahure" title="Pyramid of Sahure">Pyramid of Sahure</a>, is believed to belong to Shepseskare. The structure was discovered in 1980 by a <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakian</a> archaeological team led by Miroslav Verner<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner198275–78_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner198275–78-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and seems to have been abandoned after no more than a few weeks or months of work. A square area of roughly 100 m<sup>2</sup> (1,100 sq ft) was leveled and the digging of a T-shaped ditch was just started in its center.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ditch was to be left open during the pyramid construction to allow for simultaneous works on the pyramid filling and its substructures. This construction technique is common to all pyramids of the Fifth Dynasty and can directly be seen in the case of the Pyramid of Neferefre, which was also left unfinished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique as well as the location of the unfinished pyramid in the royal <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a> of the Fifth Dynasty indicates that it belonged in all likeliness to Shepseskare,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pyramids of the other kings of the dynasty being already known. If finished according to the established pattern, the pyramid would have reached 73 m (240 ft) high, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferirkare" title="Pyramid of Neferirkare">Pyramid of Neferirkare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1999341–342_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1999341–342-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analyzing the fragments of clay seals bearing Shepeseskare's name, the Swiss Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kaplony" title="Peter Kaplony">Peter Kaplony</a> has proposed that the ancient name of Shepseskare's pyramid could be reconstructed as <i>Rsj-Špss-k3-Rˁ</i>, reading "Resj-Shespeskare" and meaning "The awakening of Shepseskare".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._293_and_B._pls._82,5_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._293_and_B._pls._82,5-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner rejects this hypothesis, and he contests the reading of certain signs and their interpretation as the name of a pyramid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588footnotes_29_&_30_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588footnotes_29_&_30-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_temple">Sun temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sun temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaplony has proposed that Shepseskare started to build a <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_sun_temple" title="Egyptian sun temple">sun temple</a> named <i>Ḥtp-jb-Rˁ</i>, reading "Hotepibre" and meaning "Satisfied is the heart of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._242_and_B._pls._72,8_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._242_and_B._pls._72,8-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although all the kings of the early to mid-Fifth Dynasty, from <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a> to <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a>, did build sun temples, Verner regards Kaplony's hypothesis as "sheer speculation" since it is based on the tentative reconstruction of a single clay seal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner first argues that this seal is not inscribed with Shepseskare's name but rather bears traces of a Horus name which could equally well be that of <a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30._77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30.-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second, Verner notes that the name of a sun temple is rarely found with that of the king who built it: more often it is found with the name of another king during whose reign the seal was made.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30._77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30.-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, he doubts that the sign reading <i>Ḥtp</i>, "Hotep", is really part of the name of a sun temple. Instead, he believes it is more probable that the seal either refers to the sun temple of Neferirkare, named <i>St-jb-Rˁ.w</i>, that is "Setibraw"; or to that of Nyuserre, which was called <i>Šsp-jb-Rˁ</i>, "Shesepibre".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30._77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30.-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortuary_temple_of_Neferefre">Mortuary temple of Neferefre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mortuary temple of Neferefre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is possible that Shepseskare continued the construction of the funerary complex of his predecessor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Neferefre had died after a short reign, his pyramid complex was far from finished and neither the burial chamber nor the mortuary temple had been built.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planned pyramid was thus hastily<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> changed into a square mastaba representing a stylized primeval hill<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the accompanying mortuary temple was completed during the reign of Nyuserre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586footnote_15d_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586footnote_15d-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of seals of Shepseskare in the oldest part of Neferefre's mortuary temple could indicate that the former also undertook construction works there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evidence for such works is uncertain: these seals could have been placed on boxes which were later moved into the magazine rooms of the temple. For example, seals of Userkaf, Sahure and Neferirkare Kakai were also found in the temple, while these three pharaohs died before Neferefre's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585footnote_14_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585footnote_14-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed dates for Shepseskare's reign: 2482–2475 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2467–2460 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199460_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199460-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2463–2456 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2455–2448 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd2010xxxiv_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd2010xxxiv-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999190_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999190-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2438–2431 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2403 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The seal is now in the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo Museum">Cairo Museum</a> under the catalog number JE 45041.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The seal is now in the G. Mikhailides collection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The lacuna is on the third column, entries 20 and 21.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the lacuna, it cannot be ascertained whether the canon listed Shepseskare before or after Neferefre.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Three facts are mentioned concerning these seals: 1) they were found in a temple that was built only after Neferefre's death, i.e. the seals too were placed there after Neferefre's death. 2) Such seals would exist only if Shepseskare's was or had already been king at the time of their deposition in Neferefre's temple. 3) The seals were found in the oldest part of Neferefre's temple, but the temple is known to have been completed by Nyuserre. The simplest explanation that Verner has proposed for these facts is that Shepseskare lived after (and not before) Neferefre, and that he placed offerings (in boxes bearing the seals) in Neferefre's temple, which was then very small, being unfinished. In other words, Verner sees Shespeskare as building a small part of Neferefre's temple, filling it with offering bearing his seals, then dying only to be succeeded by Nyuserre who completed the temple.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heliopolis housed the main temple of Ra, which was the most important religious center in the country at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple was visible from both Abusir and Giza<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was probably located where the lines from the Abusir and Giza necropolises intersected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Horus name of Djedkare Isesi is <i>Djedkhau</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaressy191594_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaressy1915">Daressy 1915</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001400_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, p. 400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008427–428_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2008">Baker 2008</a>, pp. 427–428.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHornung2012">Hornung 2012</a>, p. 491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal198892-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal198892_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1988">Grimal 1988</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw2000480_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShaw2000">Shaw 2000</a>, p. 480.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999190-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999190_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999190_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRice1999">Rice 1999</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999283_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197858-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197858_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawassSenussi2008">Hawass & Senussi 2008</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199460-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199460_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrudwick2005">Strudwick 2005</a>, p. xxx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd2010xxxiv-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd2010xxxiv_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd2010">Lloyd 2010</a>, p. xxxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1999-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1999_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold1999">Arnold 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199461-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199461_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbdallatifAbd‐AllSuhMostafa_Mohamad2005" class="citation journal cs1">Abdallatif, Tareq Fahmy; Abd‐All, Esmat Mohamed; Suh, Mancheol; Mostafa Mohamad, Reem; El‐Hemaly, Ibrahim Aly (2005-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20058">"Magnetic tracing at Abu Sir (land of forgotten pyramids), northern Egypt"</a>. <i>Geoarchaeology</i>. <b>20</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">483–</span>503. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fgea.20058">10.1002/gea.20058</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0883-6353">0883-6353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geoarchaeology&rft.atitle=Magnetic+tracing+at+Abu+Sir+%28land+of+forgotten+pyramids%29%2C+northern+Egypt&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E483-%3C%2Fspan%3E503&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fgea.20058&rft.issn=0883-6353&rft.aulast=Abdallatif&rft.aufirst=Tareq+Fahmy&rft.au=Abd%E2%80%90All%2C+Esmat+Mohamed&rft.au=Suh%2C+Mancheol&rft.au=Mostafa+Mohamad%2C+Reem&rft.au=El%E2%80%90Hemaly%2C+Ibrahim+Aly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1002%2Fgea.20058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCallender2011" class="citation journal cs1">Callender, V. G. (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751331109700109">"Curious Names of Some Old Kingdom Royal Women<sup>*</sup>"</a>. <i>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i>. <b>97</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">127–</span>142. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030751331109700109">10.1177/030751331109700109</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-5133">0307-5133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Curious+Names+of+Some+Old+Kingdom+Royal+Women%3Csup%3E%2A%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E127-%3C%2Fspan%3E142&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030751331109700109&rft.issn=0307-5133&rft.aulast=Callender&rft.aufirst=V.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F030751331109700109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChauvet2002" class="citation journal cs1">Chauvet, Violaine (September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210886">"<i>Abusir Realm of Osiris</i>. Miroslav Verner"</a>. <i>Near Eastern Archaeology</i>. <b>65</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">214–</span>215. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3210886">10.2307/3210886</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2076">1094-2076</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Near+Eastern+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Abusir+Realm+of+Osiris.+Miroslav+Verner.&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E214-%3C%2Fspan%3E215&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3210886&rft.issn=1094-2076&rft.aulast=Chauvet&rft.aufirst=Violaine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F3210886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199956–57king_number_4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath199956–57king_number_4_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, pp. 56–57, king number 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597–601entry_"Fifth_Dynasty"-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597–601entry_"Fifth_Dynasty"_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAltenmüller2001">Altenmüller 2001</a>, pp. 597–601, entry "Fifth Dynasty".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000583-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000583_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 583.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001396_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000582_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000584–585_&_fig._1_p._599-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000584–585_&_fig._1_p._599_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, pp. 584–585 & fig. 1 p. 599.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_pp._289–294_and_B._Tafeln,_8lf-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_pp._289–294_and_B._Tafeln,_8lf_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplony1981">Kaplony 1981</a>, A. Text pp. 289–294 and B. Tafeln, 8lf.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 585.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETabikha2022-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETabikha2022_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTabikha2022">Tabikha 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Massimiliano Nuzzolo: <i>A New Seal-impression of King Shepseskara and the Fifth Dynasty Chronology</i>, in <i>Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant</i> 34, (2024), pp. 393–418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole190574,_fig._43-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole190574,_fig._43_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole1905">Petrie et al. 1905</a>, p. 74, fig. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetrie1976pl._1-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetrie1976pl._1_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetrie1976">Petrie 1976</a>, pl. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalek198221–28-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalek198221–28_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalek1982">Malek 1982</a>, pp. 21–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 581.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581–582-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581–582_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, pp. 581–582.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 587.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1988pl._2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1988pl._2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardiner1988">Gardiner 1988</a>, pl. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1997153-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1997153_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1997">von Beckerath 1997</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000602-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000602_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 602.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008142-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008142_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehner2008">Lehner 2008</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000597-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000597_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 597.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner200358-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner200358_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner200358_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2003">Verner 2003</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2002310_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2002">Verner 2002</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, p. 397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1988-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1988_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1988">Grimal 1988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, p. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWright2008-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWright2008_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWright2008">Wright 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKratovac2008-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKratovac2008_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKratovac2008">Kratovac 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacquet-Gordon1962-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacquet-Gordon1962_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacquet-Gordon1962">Jacquet-Gordon 1962</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Mara199751_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Mara1997">O'Mara 1997</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMariette1889295_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMariette1889">Mariette 1889</a>, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000589–590-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000589–590_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, pp. 589–590.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596–597-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596–597_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, pp. 596–597.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2001106-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2001106_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoth2001">Roth 2001</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006208–213_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl_Awady2006">El Awady 2006</a>, pp. 208–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006213–214-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl_Awady2006213–214_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl_Awady2006">El Awady 2006</a>, pp. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1997114-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1997114_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner1997">Verner 1997</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler201540-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler201540_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler2015">Krejčí, Arias Kytnarová & Odler 2015</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399–400-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001399–400_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, pp. 399–400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000596_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 596.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner198275–78-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner198275–78_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner1982">Verner 1982</a>, pp. 75–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008146–148_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLehner2008">Lehner 2008</a>, pp. 146–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1999341–342-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1999341–342_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner1999">Verner 1999</a>, pp. 341–342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._293_and_B._pls._82,5-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._293_and_B._pls._82,5_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplony1981">Kaplony 1981</a>, A. Text p. 293 and B. pls. 82,5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588footnotes_29_&_30-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588footnotes_29_&_30_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 588, footnotes 29 & 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001397footnote_267_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001">Verner 2001</a>, p. 397, footnote 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._242_and_B._pls._72,8-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplony1981A._Text_p._242_and_B._pls._72,8_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplony1981">Kaplony 1981</a>, A. Text p. 242 and B. pls. 72,8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30.-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30._77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30._77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000588–589footnote_30._77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, pp. 588–589, footnote 30..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586footnote_15d-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000586footnote_15d_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 586, footnote 15d.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585footnote_14-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000585footnote_14_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 585, footnote 14.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnold1999" class="citation web cs1">Arnold, Dorothea (July 19, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/press-room/exhibitions/1999/landmark-exhibition-of-egyptian-art-opens-at-metropolitan-museum-on-september-16">"Old Kingdom Chronology and List of Kings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Old+Kingdom+Chronology+and+List+of+Kings&rft.date=1999-07-19&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Dorothea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fabout-the-museum%2Fpress-room%2Fexhibitions%2F1999%2Flandmark-exhibition-of-egyptian-art-opens-at-metropolitan-museum-on-september-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell (2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC</i>. Stacey International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9"><bdi>978-1-905299-37-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs%3A+Volume+I+-+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300%E2%80%931069+BC&rft.pub=Stacey+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905299-37-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Beckerath1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">von Beckerath, Jürgen</a> (1997). <i>Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten</i> (in German). Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Band 46, Verlag Phillip von Zabern in Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2310-9"><bdi>978-3-8053-2310-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronologie+des+pharaonischen+%C3%84gypten&rft.pub=M%C3%BCnchner+%C3%A4gyptologische+Studien%2C+Band+46%2C+Verlag+Phillip+von+Zabern+in+Wissenschaftliche+Buchgesellschaft&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-2310-9&rft.aulast=von+Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">von Beckerath, Jürgen (1999). <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i> (in German). Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2"><bdi>978-3-8053-2591-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+%C3%A4gyptischen+K%C3%B6nigsnamen&rft.pub=M%C3%BCnchner+%C3%A4gyptologische+Studien%2C+Heft+49%2C+Mainz+%3A+Philip+von+Zabern&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-2591-2&rft.aulast=von+Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClayton1994" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs</i></a>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3"><bdi>978-0-500-05074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-500-05074-3&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofphara00clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaressy1915" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georges_%C3%89mile_Jules_Daressy" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Émile Jules Daressy">Daressy, Georges Émile Jules</a> (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annalesduservice15egypuoft">"Cylindre en bronze de l'ancien empire"</a>. <i>Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte</i>. <b>15</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+du+Service+des+Antiquit%C3%A9s+de+l%27%C3%89gypte&rft.atitle=Cylindre+en+bronze+de+l%27ancien+empire&rft.volume=15&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Daressy&rft.aufirst=Georges+%C3%89mile+Jules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannalesduservice15egypuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEl_Awady2006" class="citation book cs1">El Awady, Tarek (2006). "The royal family of Sahure. New evidence.". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005. Proceedings of the Conference Held in Prague (June 27 – July 5, 2005)</i>. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. <span class="nowrap">198–</span>203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-116-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-116-4"><bdi>978-80-7308-116-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+royal+family+of+Sahure.+New+evidence.&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2005.+Proceedings+of+the+Conference+Held+in+Prague+%28June+27+%E2%80%93+July+5%2C+2005%29&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E198-%3C%2Fspan%3E203&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-80-7308-116-4&rft.aulast=El+Awady&rft.aufirst=Tarek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1988" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Alan (1988). <i>Royal Canon of Turin</i>. Griffith Institute, new edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-900416-48-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-900416-48-4"><bdi>978-0-900416-48-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Canon+of+Turin&rft.pub=Griffith+Institute%2C+new+edition&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-900416-48-4&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimal1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Grimal" title="Nicolas Grimal">Grimal, Nicolas</a> (1988). <i>Histoire de l'Egypte ancienne</i> (in French). Fayard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7028-2142-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7028-2142-8"><bdi>978-2-7028-2142-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Egypte+ancienne&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-2-7028-2142-8&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawassSenussi2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Zahi_Hawass" title="Zahi Hawass">Hawass, Zahi</a>; Senussi, Ashraf (2008). <i>Old Kingdom Pottery from Giza</i>. American University in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-305-986-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-305-986-6"><bdi>978-977-305-986-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Kingdom+Pottery+from+Giza&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-977-305-986-6&rft.aulast=Hawass&rft.aufirst=Zahi&rft.au=Senussi%2C+Ashraf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHayes1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">Hayes, William</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/The_Scepter_of_Egypt_Vol_1_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_End_of_the_Middle_Kingdom"><i>The Scepter of Egypt: A Background for the Study of the Egyptian Antiquities in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, From the Earliest Times to the End of the Middle Kingdom</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7427345">7427345</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scepter+of+Egypt%3A+A+Background+for+the+Study+of+the+Egyptian+Antiquities+in+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art.+Vol.+1%2C+From+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+End+of+the+Middle+Kingdom&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7427345&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fmetpublications%2FThe_Scepter_of_Egypt_Vol_1_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_End_of_the_Middle_Kingdom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHornung2012" class="citation book cs1">Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AncientEgyptianChronology"><i>Ancient Egyptian Chronology</i></a>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11385-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11385-5"><bdi>978-90-04-11385-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0169-9423">0169-9423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Chronology&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Boston&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.issn=0169-9423&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11385-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAncientEgyptianChronology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacquet-Gordon1962" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jacquet-Gordon, Helen (1962). <i>Les noms des domaines funéraires sous l'ancien empire égyptien</i> (in French). Le Caire : Imprimerie de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18402032">18402032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+noms+des+domaines+fun%C3%A9raires+sous+l%27ancien+empire+%C3%A9gyptien&rft.pub=Le+Caire+%3A+Imprimerie+de+l%27Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+orientale&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18402032&rft.aulast=Jacquet-Gordon&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaplony1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kaplony" title="Peter Kaplony">Kaplony, Peter</a> (1981). <i>Die Rollsiegel des Alten Reiches. Katalog der Rollsiegel II. Allgemeiner Teil mit Studien zum Köningtum des Alten Reichs II. Katalog der Rollsiegel A. Text B. Tafeln</i> (in German). Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Élisabeth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-583-00301-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-583-00301-8"><bdi>978-0-583-00301-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Rollsiegel+des+Alten+Reiches.+Katalog+der+Rollsiegel+II.+Allgemeiner+Teil+mit+Studien+zum+K%C3%B6ningtum+des+Alten+Reichs+II.+Katalog+der+Rollsiegel+A.+Text+B.+Tafeln&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.pub=Fondation+Egyptologique+Reine+%C3%89lisabeth&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-583-00301-8&rft.aulast=Kaplony&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKratovac2008" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Kratovac, Katarina (June 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116035107/http://www.nysun.com/foreign/archaeologists-uncover-4000-year-old-missing/79418/">"Archaeologists Uncover 4,000-Year-Old Missing Egyptian Pyramid"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/foreign/archaeologists-uncover-4000-year-old-missing/79418/location=">the original</a> on 2016-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archaeologists+Uncover+4%2C000-Year-Old+Missing+Egyptian+Pyramid&rft.date=2008-06-06&rft.aulast=Kratovac&rft.aufirst=Katarina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fforeign%2Farchaeologists-uncover-4000-year-old-missing%2F79418%2Flocation%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler2015" class="citation journal cs1">Krejčí, Jaromír; Arias Kytnarová, Katarína; Odler, Martin (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-cffa22d9-a49f-476b-8306-c643f41c100f/c/Krejci-Arias-Odler_PES_XV_2015.pdf">"Archaeological excavation of the mastaba of Queen Khentkaus III (Tomb AC 30)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Prague Egyptological Studies</i>. <b>XV</b>. Czech Institute of Archaeology: <span class="nowrap">28–</span>42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prague+Egyptological+Studies&rft.atitle=Archaeological+excavation+of+the+mastaba+of+Queen+Khentkaus+III+%28Tomb+AC+30%29&rft.volume=XV&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E28-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Krej%C4%8D%C3%AD&rft.aufirst=Jarom%C3%ADr&rft.au=Arias+Kytnarov%C3%A1%2C+Katar%C3%ADna&rft.au=Odler%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcejsh.icm.edu.pl%2Fcejsh%2Felement%2Fbwmeta1.element.desklight-cffa22d9-a49f-476b-8306-c643f41c100f%2Fc%2FKrejci-Arias-Odler_PES_XV_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLehner2008" class="citation book cs1">Lehner, Mark (2008). <i>The Complete Pyramids</i>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28547-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-28547-3"><bdi>978-0-500-28547-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Pyramids&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-500-28547-3&rft.aulast=Lehner&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2010" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, Alan (2010). Lloyd, Alan (ed.). <i>A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Volume I</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5598-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-5598-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-5598-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Egypt.+Volume+I&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-5598-4&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalek1982" class="citation journal cs1">Malek, Jaromir (1982). "The special features of the "Saqqara king list"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities</i>. <b>12</b>: <span class="nowrap">21–</span>28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Society+for+the+Study+of+Egyptian+Antiquities&rft.atitle=The+special+features+of+the+%22Saqqara+king+list%22&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E28&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Malek&rft.aufirst=Jaromir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMariette1889" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Mariette" title="Auguste Mariette">Mariette, Auguste</a> (1889). <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Maspero, Gaston</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/mariette1889/"><i>Les Mastabas de l'Ancien Empire, Fragments du Dernier Ouvrage d'Auguste Édouard Mariette</i></a> (in French). Paris. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2654989">2654989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Mastabas+de+l%27Ancien+Empire%2C+Fragments+du+Dernier+Ouvrage+d%27Auguste+%C3%89douard+Mariette&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1889&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2654989&rft.aulast=Mariette&rft.aufirst=Auguste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fdiglit%2Fmariette1889%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Mara1997" class="citation journal cs1">O'Mara, Patrick (1997). "Manetho and the Turin Canon: A Comparison of Regnal Years". <i>Göttinger Miszellen</i>. <b>158</b>: <span class="nowrap">49–</span>61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=G%C3%B6ttinger+Miszellen&rft.atitle=Manetho+and+the+Turin+Canon%3A+A+Comparison+of+Regnal+Years&rft.volume=158&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=O%27Mara&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetrie1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Petrie, Flinders</a> (1976). <i>Historical scarabs: a series of drawings from the principal collections, arranged chronologically</i> (Reprint of the 1889 ed. published by D. Nutt, London ed.). Chicago: Ares Publishers. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3114020">3114020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+scarabs%3A+a+series+of+drawings+from+the+principal+collections%2C+arranged+chronologically&rft.place=Chicago&rft.edition=Reprint+of+the+1889+ed.+published+by+D.+Nutt%2C+London&rft.pub=Ares+Publishers&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3114020&rft.aulast=Petrie&rft.aufirst=Flinders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole1905" class="citation book cs1">Petrie, Flinders; Mahaffy, J. P.; Milne, J. G.; Lane-Poole, S. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofegyptvo034985mbp"><i>A History of Egypt, Volume I. From the Ist to the XVIth Dynasties</i></a>. London: Methuen & Co. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27060979">27060979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Egypt%2C+Volume+I.+From+the+Ist+to+the+XVIth+Dynasties&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co.&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F27060979&rft.aulast=Petrie&rft.aufirst=Flinders&rft.au=Mahaffy%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Milne%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Lane-Poole%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofegyptvo034985mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAltenmüller2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hartwig_Altenm%C3%BCller" title="Hartwig Altenmüller">Altenmüller, Hartwig</a> (2001). "Fifth Dynasty". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fifth+Dynasty&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Altenm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Hartwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRice1999" class="citation book cs1">Rice, Michael (1999). <i>Who is who in Ancient Egypt</i>. Routledge London & New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-44328-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-44328-6"><bdi>978-0-203-44328-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+is+who+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Routledge+London+%26+New+York&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-203-44328-6&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoth2001" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Silke (2001). <i>Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie</i>. Ägypten und Altes Testament. Vol. 46. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04368-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04368-7"><bdi>978-3-447-04368-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+K%C3%B6nigsm%C3%BCtter+des+Alten+%C3%84gypten+von+der+Fr%C3%BChzeit+bis+zum+Ende+der+12.+Dynastie&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.series=%C3%84gypten+und+Altes+Testament&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-447-04368-7&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Silke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShaw2000" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw"><i>The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3"><bdi>978-0-19-815034-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815034-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhisto00shaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStrudwick2005" class="citation book cs1">Strudwick, Nigel (2005). <i>Texts from the Pyramid Age</i>. Society of Biblical Literature, annotated edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-138-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-138-4"><bdi>978-1-58983-138-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texts+from+the+Pyramid+Age&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature%2C+annotated+edition&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-138-4&rft.aulast=Strudwick&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTabikha2022" class="citation web cs1">Tabikha, Kamal (July 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/egypt/2022/07/31/egyptologists-unearth-remains-of-ancient-sun-temple-believed-to-have-been-lost/">"Egyptologists unearth remains of ancient sun temple believed to have been lost"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_News_Agency" title="Middle East News Agency">Middle East News Agency</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Egyptologists+unearth+remains+of+ancient+sun+temple+believed+to+have+been+lost&rft.date=2022-07-31&rft.aulast=Tabikha&rft.aufirst=Kamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fmena%2Fegypt%2F2022%2F07%2F31%2Fegyptologists-unearth-remains-of-ancient-sun-temple-believed-to-have-been-lost%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner1982" class="citation journal cs1">Verner, Miroslav (1982). "Excavations at Abusir. Season 1980/1981 - Preliminary Report". <i>Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i>. <b>109</b>: <span class="nowrap">75–</span>78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fzaes.1982.109.1.157">10.1524/zaes.1982.109.1.157</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201700039">201700039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+%C3%A4gyptische+Sprache+und+Altertumskunde&rft.atitle=Excavations+at+Abusir.+Season+1980%2F1981+-+Preliminary+Report&rft.volume=109&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E78&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Fzaes.1982.109.1.157&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201700039%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner1997" class="citation news cs1">Verner, Miroslav (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/verner_de38_1997.pdf">"Further thoughts on the Khentkaus problem"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Discussions in Egyptology</i>. Vol. 38. pp. <span class="nowrap">109–</span>117. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0268-3083">0268-3083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discussions+in+Egyptology&rft.atitle=Further+thoughts+on+the+Khentkaus+problem&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E109-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0268-3083&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fpdf_library%2Fverner_de38_1997.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verner, Miroslav (1999). <i>Die Pyramiden</i> (in German). Rowohlt, Reinbek. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-499-60890-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-499-60890-2"><bdi>978-3-499-60890-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Pyramiden&rft.pub=Rowohlt%2C+Reinbek&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-499-60890-2&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner2000" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2000). "Who was Shepseskara, and when did he reign?". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201084444/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf"><i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. <span class="nowrap">581–</span>602. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-85425-39-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-85425-39-0"><bdi>978-80-85425-39-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/AS%202000_mensi.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-02-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Who+was+Shepseskara%2C+and+when+did+he+reign%3F&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2000&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E581-%3C%2Fspan%3E602&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-80-85425-39-0&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegyptologie.ff.cuni.cz%2Fpdf%2FAS%25202000_mensi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner2001" class="citation journal cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/verner_archiv_or_69.pdf">"Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Archiv Orientální</i>. <b>69</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">363–</span>418.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+Orient%C3%A1ln%C3%AD&rft.atitle=Archaeological+Remarks+on+the+4th+and+5th+Dynasty+Chronology&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E363-%3C%2Fspan%3E418&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fpdf_library%2Fverner_archiv_or_69.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner2002" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2002). <i>The Pyramids: The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments</i>. Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3935-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3935-1"><bdi>978-0-8021-3935-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pyramids%3A+The+Mystery%2C+Culture%2C+and+Science+of+Egypt%27s+Great+Monuments&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3935-1&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerner2003" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2003). <i>Abusir: The Realm of Osiris</i>. The American University in Cairo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-424-723-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-977-424-723-1"><bdi>978-977-424-723-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abusir%3A+The+Realm+of+Osiris&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-977-424-723-1&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright2008" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Wright, Jonathan (June 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612184901/https://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-33922020080605">"Eroded pyramid attributed to early pharaoh"</a> (Press release). Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-33922020080605">the original</a> on June 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eroded+pyramid+attributed+to+early+pharaoh&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidINIndia-33922020080605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShepseskare" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> (most likely) or <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">King of Egypt</a> </b><br />c. 2458 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a> (most likely) or <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs32" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharaohs" title="Template talk:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharaohs32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(pre-3150 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(3150–2686 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2686–2181 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2181–2040 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2040–1802 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1802–1550 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (1550–664 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1550–1070 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1069–664 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(664–332 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(332–30 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&oldid=1277985358">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&oldid=1277985358</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:25th-century_BC_pharaohs" title="Category:25th-century BC pharaohs">25th-century BC pharaohs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pharaohs_of_the_Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Category:Pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:3rd-millennium_BC_births" title="Category:3rd-millennium BC births">3rd-millennium BC births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:25th-century_BC_deaths" title="Category:25th-century BC deaths">25th-century BC deaths</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_WikiHiero_extension" title="Category:Pages using the WikiHiero extension">Pages using the WikiHiero extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 February 2025, at 21:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shepseskare&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shepseskare</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>38 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-69bdbbc57c-92tpt","wgBackendResponseTime":206,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.956","walltime":"1.094","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11563,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":246434,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21977,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":163455,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 904.181 1 -total"," 28.42% 257.002 113 Template:Sfn"," 18.17% 164.293 2 Template:Infobox"," 16.17% 146.227 1 Template:Infobox_pharaoh"," 13.49% 122.015 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.79% 115.609 1 Template:Pharaohs"," 12.08% 109.260 9 Template:Cite_journal"," 11.50% 103.968 26 Template:Cite_book"," 7.09% 64.073 124 Template:Main_other"," 6.82% 61.710 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.560","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10163135,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbdallatifAbd‐AllSuhMostafa_Mohamad2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAltenmüller2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnold1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallender2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChauvet2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClayton1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaressy1915\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEl_Awady2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardiner1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrimal1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawassSenussi2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayes1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHornung2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacquet-Gordon1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplony1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKratovac2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrejčíArias_KytnarováOdler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLehner2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLloyd2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalek1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMariette1889\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Mara1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetrie1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetrieMahaffyMilneLane-Poole1905\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRice1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShaw2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrudwick2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTabikha2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerner2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_Beckerath1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Center\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Shepseskare\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 7,\n [\"Featured article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox pharaoh\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox pharaoh/Serekh\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Pharaohs\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 113,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f44755944-94km7","timestamp":"20250302183944","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Shepseskare","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shepseskare","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q268601","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q268601","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-05-25T06:20:18Z","dateModified":"2025-02-27T21:36:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c7\/Shepseskare_Cylinder_Seal.png","headline":"Egyptian pharaoh"}</script> </body> </html>