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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%A9" title="إعادة اختراع العجلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إعادة اختراع العجلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinventar_la_rueda" title="Reinventar la rueda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reinventar la rueda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE" title="اختراع دوباره چرخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اختراع دوباره چرخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9inventer_la_roue" title="Réinventer la roue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réinventer la roue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%80%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%AC%EB%B0%9C%EB%AA%85" title="바퀴의 재발명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바퀴의 재발명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinvent_the_wheel" title="Reinvent the wheel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Reinvent the wheel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinventare_la_ruota" title="Reinventare la ruota – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reinventare la ruota" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9" title="להמציא את הגלגל מחדש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="להמציא את הגלגל מחדש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_ker%C3%A9k_%C3%BAjra_feltal%C3%A1l%C3%A1sa" title="A kerék újra feltalálása – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A kerék újra feltalálása" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%AA%E3%81%AE%E5%86%8D%E7%99%BA%E6%98%8E" title="車輪の再発明 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="車輪の再発明" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinventar_a_roda" title="Reinventar a roda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reinventar a roda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E%E8%BB%8A%E8%BD%86" title="重新發明車轆 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="重新發明車轆" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by Asleep at the Wheel, see <a href="/wiki/Reinventing_the_Wheel_(album)" title="Reinventing the Wheel (album)">Reinventing the Wheel (album)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Inventing the wheel" redirects here. For a factual discussion, see <a href="/wiki/Wheel#History" title="Wheel">Wheel § History</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hub_(PSF).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hub_%28PSF%29.png/220px-Hub_%28PSF%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hub_%28PSF%29.png/330px-Hub_%28PSF%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Hub_%28PSF%29.png/440px-Hub_%28PSF%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>To <b>reinvent the wheel</b> is to attempt to duplicate—most likely with inferior results—a basic method that has already previously been created or optimized by others. </p><p>The inspiration for this <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiomatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphor</a> is that the <a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">wheel</a> is an ancient <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a> of human ingenuity (one so profound that it continues to underlie much of modern <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>). As it has already been invented and is not considered to have any inherent flaws, an attempt to reinvent it would add no value to it and be a waste of time, diverting the investigator's resources from possibly more worthy goals. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinventing_the_wheel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The phrase is sometimes used without derision when a person's activities might be perceived as merely reinventing the wheel when they actually possess additional value. For example, "reinventing the wheel" is an important tool in the <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">instruction</a> of complex ideas. Rather than providing students simply with a list of known facts and techniques and expecting them to incorporate these ideas perfectly and rapidly, the instructor instead will build up the material anew, leaving the student to work out those key steps which embody the reasoning characteristic of the field. </p><p>"Reinventing the wheel" may be an ironic cliche – it is not clear when the wheel itself was actually invented. The modern "invention" of the wheel might actually be a "re-invention" of an age-old invention. Additionally, many different wheels featuring enhancements on existing wheels (such as the many types of available tires) are regularly developed and marketed. The metaphor emphasizes understanding existing solutions, but not necessarily settling for them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_software_development">In software development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinventing_the_wheel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In software development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Code_reuse" title="Code reuse">Code reuse</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a>, reinventing the wheel is often necessary in order to work around <a href="/wiki/Software_licensing" class="mw-redirect" title="Software licensing">software licensing</a> incompatibilities or around technical and policy limitations present in parts or modules provided by third parties.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> An example would be to implement a <a href="/wiki/Quicksort" title="Quicksort">quicksort</a> for a script written in <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> and destined to be embedded in a web page. The quicksort algorithm is well known and readily available from <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">libraries</a> for software developers writing general-purpose applications in <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> or <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, but some JavaScript implementations do not provide this specific algorithm. Hence, if a developer wants to reliably use quicksort on their web page, they must "reinvent the wheel" by reimplementing the algorithm. They could conceivably copy it from another web page, but then they could run into <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> and software licensing issues. Reinventing the wheel in this case provides the missing functionality and also avoids copyright issues. </p><p>Additionally, those new to a language (and especially those new to programming) will often attempt to manually write many functions for which a more robust and optimized equivalent already exists in the <a href="/wiki/Standard_library" title="Standard library">standard library</a> or other easily available libraries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While this can be useful as a learning exercise, when done unknowingly the result is often less <a href="/wiki/Computer_programming#Readability_of_source_code" title="Computer programming">readable</a>, less reliable, less tested and less optimized software which takes longer to write, test, maintain, and <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debug</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software_projects_that_are_reinvented_wheels">Software projects that are reinvented wheels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinventing_the_wheel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Software projects that are reinvented wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a>, a replica of <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></li> <li>FreeWin95, a replica of <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReactOS" title="ReactOS">ReactOS</a>, a replica of <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Apache Harmony</a>, a replica of <a href="/wiki/J2SE_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2SE 5.0">Java SE 5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java_SE_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Java SE 6">Java SE 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(software)" title="Ruffle (software)">ruffle</a>, a replica of <a href="/wiki/Flash_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash Player">Flash Player</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_phrases">Related phrases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinventing_the_wheel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Related phrases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Reinventing the square wheel</b> is the practice of unnecessarily engineering artifacts that provide functionality already provided by existing standard artifacts (reinventing the wheel) and ending up with a worse result than the standard (a <a href="/wiki/Square_wheel" title="Square wheel">square wheel</a>). This is an <a href="/wiki/Anti-pattern" title="Anti-pattern">anti-pattern</a> which occurs when the engineer is unaware or contemptuous of the standard solution or does not understand the problem or the standard solution sufficiently to avoid problems overcome by the standard. It is mostly an affliction of inexperienced engineers, or the <a href="/wiki/Second-system_effect" title="Second-system effect">second-system effect</a>. </p><p>Many problems contain subtleties that were resolved long ago in mainstream engineering (such as the importance of a wheel's rim being smooth). Anyone starting from scratch, ignoring the <a href="/wiki/Prior_art" title="Prior art">prior art</a>, will naturally face these problems afresh, and to produce a satisfactory result they will have to spend time developing solutions for them (most likely the same solutions that are already well known). However, when reinventing the wheel is undertaken as a subtask of a bigger engineering project, rather than as a project in its own right hoping to produce a better wheel, the engineer often does not anticipate spending much time on it. The result is that an underdeveloped, poorly performing version of the wheel is used, when using a standard wheel would have been quicker and easier, and would have given better results. </p><p><b>Preinventing the wheel</b> involves delaying a task if it is expected to be undertaken later. An example would be, "We don't want to preinvent the wheel" when discussing a solution to a problem when it is known that the solution is being developed elsewhere. It is not necessarily pejorative.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Redefining the wheel</b> is the practice of coming up with new and often abstruse ways of describing things when the existing way of describing them was perfectly adequate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinventing_the_wheel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pattern" title="Anti-pattern">Anti-pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_practice" title="Best practice">Best practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_around" title="Design around">Design around</a>: an alternative invention that is created in order to avoid <a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">patent infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_invented_here" title="Not invented here">Not invented here</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent_thicket" title="Patent thicket">Patent thicket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_on_the_shoulders_of_giants" title="Standing on the shoulders of giants">Standing on the shoulders of giants</a>, an expression referring to the re-use of existing ideas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stovepipe_system" title="Stovepipe system">Stovepipe system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_anticommons" title="Tragedy of the anticommons">Tragedy of the anticommons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinventing_the_wheel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrandt2003" class="citation cs2">Brandt, P (2003), <i>Change Leadership Project</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change+Leadership+Project&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReinventing+the+wheel" class="Z3988"></span> unpublished</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemper2005" class="citation cs2">Kemper, Steve (15 March 2005), <i>A Story of Genius, Innovation, and Grand Ambition</i>, <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-076138-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-076138-5"><bdi>0-06-076138-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Story+of+Genius%2C+Innovation%2C+and+Grand+Ambition&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005-03-15&rft.isbn=0-06-076138-5&rft.aulast=Kemper&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReinventing+the+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershock1999" class="citation cs2">Hershock, Peter D. (July 1999), <i>A Buddhist Response to the Information Age</i>, <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-4232-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-4232-2"><bdi>0-7914-4232-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Buddhist+Response+to+the+Information+Age&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1999-07&rft.isbn=0-7914-4232-2&rft.aulast=Hershock&rft.aufirst=Peter+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReinventing+the+wheel" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/reinvent_the_wheel" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:reinvent the wheel">reinvent the wheel</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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