CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.journals.uchicago.edu",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91379ff9d8c5fd20',cH: '1Rwtx_Icr12k6IX2dyGc3ZnhIfq1hgTGa0CYn6wXBLM-1739814680-1.2.1.1-.BtXgs.XMg_TKt0AJmlXdYkrWsxBMWHFjxCt1GVytzG6E126OUgeiNN.ThAFaDLJ',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.2307\/767000?__cf_chl_tk=XhogOn9yHsGfPtFrfdkpj1JjegZtCcpAL4pTSvwMBNk-1739814680-1.0.1.1-cLFARRnaNLleVhwDh.HV2xIeE5NxX8z2ptvsY2pZEi8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739814680',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.2307\/767000?__cf_chl_f_tk=XhogOn9yHsGfPtFrfdkpj1JjegZtCcpAL4pTSvwMBNk-1739814680-1.0.1.1-cLFARRnaNLleVhwDh.HV2xIeE5NxX8z2ptvsY2pZEi8",md: "GRU9UytocSWrwbqEvF0bGEUg0JFAYKHL.s.JPRd3fDM-1739814680-1.2.1.1-FJQ2R6DQc21OWEjwMAKLxbh95ZdIu2pHH8Mty3m_ApBlHA3rCBW.WAgisSYXqnNMG2IOzp.bXxgXPG.u3ooJMXceEMJVjF16167MFlEgVHVW7240EVQWWHXzENEsm5bE41yLwXkaWdT4CNsTsGsusHO0Oe2tTD4O.wOgcg1rlXioMUkf99gMJuFiNHBhx01m_Lg18cfb08tKjYTMnqwd60PIcBnYJNJy0DO4dJSUV4WAyEPAS4wVbxA6b_GgzANFNLY7tTraPl0ROMnVSELs4XZ76zcn2InfQxwYb9Q0je2m.iyOhhEAwEPRecn8MfuDycBWC2zReRKww9dtL_xx_TazduUoK5rOJJMxfUc3dnUyD46MzG_JuealVsshPcB2Bd9Y3PCj_lItNA1Efcz1x8FcLXNRFBR3wJyXWsOrlNg0Dxupe6JYh.tSvf7X6ELxXrrmoIOQ6mPbp8vNz6D7bb37DRdHH1D33FfOiFVcAEqhK1g2o_.uJxSgfZDzUvL.xacdXqVQp6EG0fIq9vhhEsjzmnDDczcVXHLxp5D6tl5ZFXKWMue4Aos9xj3nRmyPoGOeo70mGL7ajp84yfr1rP4._G1nm4Tig.lc1gjmAYFbt4dpsOMLMl9aNqIliKo3IIGbHM0nT7JZQOXlDmmNF2cMFUuZgCWcV21Q2_es7ciarTOQoSj5IeK7inpJfH9nVFPEzyHpW__YtBMbz4OLLkxGEPMRBac3LYskIki0JYrAnlQNoHQwh5KLXrbMxQCOCl_BRmNlEtlvodNZYs08AYpQZa4t2Y7SZ1sMI_k4r70qhDqTvOhBhdjorgKaNBVX1wGHfEV0cvSsy1tgChxdhPYukSJofW.yLPRqPjylv0AdQOgeIffmaeSkpaUdWiCBVDducCXPtaTkscYYEMFFhww38SbDpyGFMVU4VNSh0OAbMsuNZJzEqk5Wa.ycuRPf420DT1izBwGBbZIhWDbjxzGMb7J8a7uELPa_.yuQ.LHVhEjGxtEXceezQNUPqqiE6ZS1diSD.nyHoPOV3DlxSdclBLiYFXdkchXLU_cA.jqdbGwKyIW..NiZk_vECkL_5SPCLatZCfNVYOyWXfuNN.kwqvmHuHxH_D4MUlNOAGsF5NDODnkhh0E0S6EmaEQm2QYXq.qGUgxO94BnUfZNPzUInTQQGBLhp3xKyboRgp3qS0ATgsxILfHhwwQz63MEqpZoo35As6GPA8WrRx2_h8_87QJM2pz7up31FQAUZ3n3z84NKVTqKV_8JMBeMJhY4RqjjcLb17nIigrwhE6QE9F4MDxheQQy1KotSZgJd5FiSRZhwRbqW4BL7I3WWHAnHvKyjfRGvJvXt6QheZG6TQfWNoFa2Ov74EveXU791IyIH2V47IZLrJZc1a77EvjSiAKCr8DSglb_X_xkyWhfN6i8ZbJMhO9eEBn6Ku2oTOiSJkO23fnGHEvoaEJ3soe_vuncER9eRhe950m2RpH5W5urT12s.z3Jb8h3GgdCNSGRekhcNrjDPFTzpCGUDQ_yGbU_yrMeTQxAere_yKC7XFeTMxHUZcmiFmFt72cH_mDs.09uJOrl6iocjUldU8Nhtj2cHK.59tDS7hV0tswrmL70mRWTfz0wq5zo04jYc64ALZ4SapHYVaZ82J3EqPgk8Vj_EQcFZaf_vRenVKlJKlwiBM9zEC6j3b08hqgIziq0zumdZP58wmjnDZB74P6WT4eLvxyRcrn7.REN0SLP4G.gp4niFqAcMdeTVlzUowJMtGAW2vOQljBa56SzLVC2NTm9kea_0U2wLWKHLR0.jpL_IUnVHc5slAKV7U2phV2J4TS4nVzmiiF3lk2eN54oiB34gusyCM0u6XSRrlxNkP4HJ5XsO1lR5PFaM076NMRJdGbuWvayspP7k0BWWVk5JirrC7b2aZ_cCIo858hO6Qwcq9SZbHcFs1429NQGoW53FFauPWtouKg9rqbTeg6.M.jkWt173H.PvkFHZmmicmidvkSH4_R2.QENQpf7LuS978qc2mRmrBGrYqV2Et3Mr3fBOUtNJyU264zOt3vrCSdu0nrBRnIekdQSmGWvtzLP0vDR4yZXJfxGopN.kKaSbaYHyOlvrnRMJzlss16RT0IJZJEDKWnw5SJTl8bV5TlBipKeZ_ufTMGopvQXNgP1ac0x1sNUpaiTj8TP3OPnxVj4EBV_KONKTEwG4cW0OWbP7YDiU4ARvy8ed_cHWwYHa9c5TeshmQyxRmTEh0h3KqFHK_vYYF4HJU.9f6l1SYcE1lyhYZUV6j0dSNz3r4ndYMfolA2GbJ7yORM20EE.VEcP3JST9oJpHWxxLq.AzQI8oozXaxEq4RPFlZmug9HBjDeLoPsTIWCBQcGVThtd_9ZkQf7qRQVN.gWYDOwnPutbeA93sWIkh4sCdPGVuKwqwmlp2ko30ujPxwyuTZZGB05GROb7Kg5SjgkXERao5mZrfSJzVW_5YHx8nECC9gTYT5iMECSxbyT53sME8f8PGvOCBzEawWz_GlaB8VJgYHsWTLAJM5a6NXV3XoVT0j7aOjavKnOGgnGyblz5ElK42w",mdrd: "7_aJdxYwWYe7tPkBZ28AD6syG0WflmmwPEl9uDW.Ldc-1739814680-1.2.1.1-IYmFL4etIH.HAQvvrYzg.cl7qi9C4jfmlhsfgP0IgdaXMCV3caNjufQL5TBsMKYW_Ojjm9z3bNLCcM3TWt7b_avqm75pmYeit60ADeCnEqTSoDCnrCT6yOHgZ_2EQyZH5bDC2ixLq9Xkkmy.EqPe6lx2JO7KIouU.dhnKRurYY5GpiR7GNH2FzQQNfITVl.BijgbxXU3qqzys.VY2BWbUVKx.UowR4YtX.LvUp2z2LQ64haHHFFZYFHgeMuaWCxgCbdCtmGb4epSlBuZjWh3bC9Yu0AOH40u.CLC90ad7JFdemI5EFzV1l6OrfCJqISvVTHgVNOeIlTNJoN8DmLAlsxybd0n_ehRFQWI.9ICAubSg9Wcj3nJHE5fh_f.7ijqyTBFbfvE1efdxRGi7E1s6x5AHQfIdi5RI8GJfF7X1VGkkYmJgc8IFbXZhrMUOwzlfSuedGZIheHDayncBBzox.B.sv3ATHvmSRG9X077Givss8qzKnHA3mK1rahxwXUS9lC3oD3keMJW5EJznePzVUJUijLi7krjiQuaXotNMIuu2_cUdntD73yazwQa6c.wlnq22Pkpyow50BbVy.qRqriy.c82o9cx_loh6wTVsZGSlp_8t.9ezqOaCFY5SyIvSGEgleNZ6EJWu8fy.TTsiAJGbtdIS3bpEK9G8hTU95fBx2cLb6uDXQDU_5SVKBx5ZouyMmWBKbRE4xQXf10cdwPOf.kxcVnDHFVuqT4hOduEokVHdNy8HfO9x6NxwLWXjaJa9UhoonVvdZWGzyo.e2Rxf9heWTyOrbka0V5WHTfajZl5fh4bgO1QjoKe_qYGlRSABVwjkpUqcbyz8HFhJKBi_3GMs9oOwk7Xe15pEd7_awS7sBMXA0egAE.rIEQKGF6wpFvNuKfbcIV1PUDAeoIQrhWkppzq5B0oYoJTnNyqMbtxJYh4GG3ja1bCTFlmycVLlS8iyiYhFjeTrqMkvgaMktUEFdDn_wN7u76KE5TFP9eDCixRj.YYVRpYGlm05J0w1GqMNxfnukBL4z3BG9L.devpOrfzCAFDTAPCzAkxl0dHH5Eyiy6kmEhaJCNFWvrRjZJLwzAhDtKfUdQxWsul4v1Z5IUHu44xw9W3Jv.2n6QRJjx6hdh9lozpJeUDAeUSSoZrca.i4hS60ZAA6WU9TnvDWXEr_c_DQBwmzgyenKDtTaPqVXj7t8XLAbUn7Jjw2e1KbylIrjqhltHvxZ6vgkxOau2gH4cAFNYuoOnjLBoSF_Y9yPNHFPz4PpzSKGDrJSmZGX6Tk02qD6muklr8OusUYj8wTclWQpAMZYRVvLd_2k2PLLRUdClv4Kq0g5pWqwv3piyURiZ9wLhlfrsbKZ3Fahs8VdaDQdXxR.4QT0g9JDiKgT98ptiaVpAkej7axfrPhvdqnvwR0dFMD6oJVOBEcyLuo0ee455W5rjh9zyuZUmZgDnc8AWb1S7POEJe5Adqi7v3o_nO9BvS9gTsLnVjfrkzfB.DL.ZK.0lzfjlHDQMLjmT46HaSWRPZMM6DPDNdsQ3miWF1p9.hvH0iOd9Cpj66NitWBjisrRwwPIOEbYaxlwkqNhxRnXfWTSgpWylPS2UIe2VPgrQofDWv8KfFB_zfZPNUbd5dFvCnA8rkmly5VidFYULSDXdFf5dtkAbX4UYxTwu2Xkm8Zy_Hl81IHcxRqafK8BfFaQSyKhydn.WZ6eqypEtQpw8RZlgRqJC11RPGSESmxK_eOH4nSbClMafXE8m8eChl857B2eHncUj.Fbw9weCqo_nAldHGDSFKGbSnvSbC6L7fcNUsW.f6Ed9h19Kz2ixnhH6XJF_WrzLStyXcllFyPJvbT7LEUP0OYVMP7f60Qs7LIyZeSZK.v_qdnyGicjlU_b0RVgji8D3Hz05MVHSFQK0xklGFvyBGb2ownd1867ySagefe6TiicHnsEDaaDsKhBb9hpX9vRjsRQZzRrcbELSSBL0uhb5sD224t84fhTXwB2nA9ATL0VRxeNSs2Tz1PDo"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91379ff9d8c5fd20';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.2307\/767000?__cf_chl_rt_tk=XhogOn9yHsGfPtFrfdkpj1JjegZtCcpAL4pTSvwMBNk-1739814680-1.0.1.1-cLFARRnaNLleVhwDh.HV2xIeE5NxX8z2ptvsY2pZEi8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>