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Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ganbaru" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganbaru" title="Ganbaru – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ganbaru" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganbaru" title="Ganbaru – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ganbaru" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%91%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B" title="頑張る – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="頑張る" 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firm')</span>, also romanized as <b><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">gambaru</i></span></b>, is a ubiquitous Japanese word which roughly means to slog on tenaciously through tough times.<sup id="cite_ref-SYDead_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYDead-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ganbaru</i></span> is often translated as "doing one's best", but in practice, it means doing more than one's best.<sup id="cite_ref-Linhart1998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linhart1998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word emphasizes "working with perseverance"<sup id="cite_ref-Zeng1999_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeng1999-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "toughing it out".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ganbaru</i></span> means "to commit oneself fully to a task and to bring that task to an end".<sup id="cite_ref-Albach1994_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Albach1994-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be translated as persistence, tenacity, doggedness, and hard work. The term has a unique importance in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese culture">Japanese culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allison1994_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allison1994-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG/220px-Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG/330px-Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG/440px-Chinju_Hikawa_Jinja.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sign on a <a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a> gate proclaiming "Gambaro Japan!"</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> said of <a href="/wiki/Shoichi_Yokoi" title="Shoichi Yokoi">Shoichi Yokoi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_holdout" title="Japanese holdout">Japanese holdout</a> who surrendered in Guam in January 1972, that in Japan "even those embarrassed by his constant references to the Emperor felt a measure of admiration at his determination and <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ganbaru</i></span> spirit".<sup id="cite_ref-SYDead_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYDead-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/1995_Kobe_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1995 Kobe earthquake">1995 Kobe earthquake</a>, the slogan "<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Gambaro Kobe</i></span>" was used to encourage the people of the disaster region as they worked to rebuild their city and their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a>, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">gambaru</i></span> was one of the most commonly heard expressions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern spelling is <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ateji" title="Ateji">ateji</a></i></span> using the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%A0%91" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:頑">頑</a> character to represent an unknown original lexeme.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The sense was originally <i>to be stubborn, to be obstinate</i>, with negative overtones. The modern positive sense of <i>to persist, to endure</i> has arisen since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> in 1868. </p><p>There are three theories of the origin: </p> <ul><li>Sense shift from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:眼張る">眼張る</a> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ganbaru</i></span>, "to keep watch on something, to stare at something", literally "keep one's eye on something")</li> <li>Shift in reading from <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%88%91%E3%81%AB%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:我に張る">我に張る</a> (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ga ni haru</i></span>, literally "to stick to one's desires, to insist on one's point of view")</li> <li>An unknown etymology based on the historical kana form <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%90%E3%82%8F%E3%82%93%E3%81%B0%E3%82%8B" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ぐわんばる">ぐわんばる</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Gambaru</i></span> focuses on the importance of finishing a task and never stopping until a goal is achieved. The continuing effort to overcome obstacles (even if not successful) is an important concept in Japan. </p><p>Unlike the related, but passive <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gaman_(term)" title="Gaman (term)">gaman</a></i></span>, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">ganbaru</i></span> is an active process.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although there are many near <a href="/wiki/Synonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyms">synonyms</a> in Japanese, there are few <a href="/wiki/Antonyms" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonyms">antonyms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allison1994_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allison1994-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a> – Text on kenjutsu and the martial arts in general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayou_(cheer)" title="Jiayou (cheer)">Jiayou</a> – A Chinese term of similar meaning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiting" title="Paiting">Paiting</a> – A Korean term of similar meaning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu">Sisu</a> – A Finnish word denoting tenacity and a broader concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a> – Virtue-focused philosophical system</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SYDead-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SYDead_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SYDead_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKristoff1997" class="citation news cs1">Kristoff, Nicholas D. (September 26, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/26/world/shoichi-yokoi-82-is-dead-japan-soldier-hid-27-years.html">"Shoichi Yokoi, 82, Is Dead; Japan Soldier Hid 27 Years"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Shoichi+Yokoi%2C+82%2C+Is+Dead%3B+Japan+Soldier+Hid+27+Years&rft.date=1997-09-26&rft.aulast=Kristoff&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F09%2F26%2Fworld%2Fshoichi-yokoi-82-is-dead-japan-soldier-hid-27-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linhart1998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linhart1998_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSepp_LinhartSabine_Frühstück1998" class="citation book cs1">Sepp Linhart; Sabine Frühstück (1 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k_Cb7a6FQwwC&pg=PA104"><i>The Culture of Japan as Seen through Its Leisure</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3791-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3791-9"><bdi>978-0-7914-3791-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Japan+as+Seen+through+Its+Leisure&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3791-9&rft.au=Sepp+Linhart&rft.au=Sabine+Fr%C3%BChst%C3%BCck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk_Cb7a6FQwwC%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zeng1999-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zeng1999_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKangmin_Zeng1999" class="citation book cs1">Kangmin Zeng (4 January 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wRWFBwgCwhsC&pg=PA224"><i>Dragon Gate</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-70015-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-70015-8"><bdi>978-0-304-70015-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dragon+Gate&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=1999-01-04&rft.isbn=978-0-304-70015-8&rft.au=Kangmin+Zeng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwRWFBwgCwhsC%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristoff1997" class="citation news cs1">Kristoff, Nicholas D. (January 22, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/22/world/a-japanese-generation-haunted-by-its-past.html">"A Japanese Generation Haunted by Its Past"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Japanese+Generation+Haunted+by+Its+Past&rft.date=1997-01-22&rft.aulast=Kristoff&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F01%2F22%2Fworld%2Fa-japanese-generation-haunted-by-its-past.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albach1994-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Albach1994_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorst_Albach1994" class="citation book cs1">Horst Albach (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xn8OVNDC1_EC&pg=PA388"><i>Culture and Technical Innovation: A Cross-cultural Analysis and Policy Recommendations</i></a>. W. de Gruyter. p. 388. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-013947-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-013947-1"><bdi>978-3-11-013947-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Technical+Innovation%3A+A+Cross-cultural+Analysis+and+Policy+Recommendations&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=W.+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-3-11-013947-1&rft.au=Horst+Albach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXn8OVNDC1_EC%26pg%3DPA388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allison1994-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allison1994_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allison1994_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_Allison1994" class="citation book cs1">Anne Allison (28 May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6O_hLG3eQQUC&pg=PA119"><i>Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. pp. 119, 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-01487-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-01487-6"><bdi>978-0-226-01487-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nightwork%3A+Sexuality%2C+Pleasure%2C+and+Corporate+Masculinity+in+a+Tokyo+Hostess+Club&rft.pages=119%2C+120&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1994-05-28&rft.isbn=978-0-226-01487-6&rft.au=Anne+Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6O_hLG3eQQUC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies2002_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesIkeno2002" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Roger J.; Ikeno, Osamu (15 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TW7lHYwXhS4C&pg=PA84"><i>The Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Japanese Culture</i></a>. Tuttle Publishing. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3295-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8048-3295-3"><bdi>978-0-8048-3295-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Mind%3A+Understanding+Contemporary+Japanese+Culture&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft.isbn=978-0-8048-3295-3&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Roger+J.&rft.au=Ikeno%2C+Osamu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTW7lHYwXhS4C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120720221322/http://www.11alive.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=183076&provider=top">"U.S. donations not rushing to Japan"</a>. <i>11Alive News (US)</i>. March 17, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.11alive.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=183076&provider=top">the original</a> on July 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 12,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Devin Stewart, a senior director at the Japan Society in New York City, said, "Suffering and persevering is a type of virtue in Japan... the ability to persevere and remain calm under difficult situations. Among the most commonly heard expressions there, are gaman, to persevere or tough it out; gambaru, to do your best, to be strong; and shoganai, it cannot be helped, which expresses a sense of fatalism....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=11Alive+News+%28US%29&rft.atitle=U.S.+donations+not+rushing+to+Japan&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fstory.aspx%3Fstoryid%3D183076%26provider%3Dtop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsumura2019" class="citation book cs1">Matsumura, Akira (September 2019). <i><a href="/wiki/Daijirin" title="Daijirin">Daijirin</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-385-13906-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-385-13906-7"><bdi>978-4-385-13906-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1121612643">1121612643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daijirin&rft.date=2019-09&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1121612643&rft.isbn=978-4-385-13906-7&rft.aulast=Matsumura&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsumura1997" class="citation book cs1">Matsumura, Akira (1997). <i>Daijisen</i>. Shōgakkan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-09-906862-5" title="Special:BookSources/4-09-906862-5"><bdi>4-09-906862-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42956600">42956600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daijisen&rft.pub=Sh%C5%8Dgakkan&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42956600&rft.isbn=4-09-906862-5&rft.aulast=Matsumura&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaghirian2011" class="citation web cs1">Haghirian, Parissa (2011-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709100904/http://accjjournal.com/mastering-the-basics/2/">"Mastering The Basics"</a>. <i>American Chamber of Commerce in Japan Journal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://accjjournal.com/mastering-the-basics/2/">the original</a> on 2011-07-09. <q>Where <i>ganbaru</i> is an active process and requires people to do something to achieve their goals, <i>gaman</i> is passive and focuses more on enduring and not complaining.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Chamber+of+Commerce+in+Japan+Journal&rft.atitle=Mastering+The+Basics&rft.date=2011-02-15&rft.aulast=Haghirian&rft.aufirst=Parissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faccjjournal.com%2Fmastering-the-basics%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ganbaru" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ganbaru">ganbaru</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsuokaSmithUchimura2011" class="citation journal cs1">Matsuoka, R.; Smith, I.; Uchimura, M. (2011). "Discourse analysis of encouragement in healthcare manga". <i>Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics</i>. <b>15</b> (1): 49–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pan-Pacific+Association+of+Applied+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Discourse+analysis+of+encouragement+in+healthcare+manga&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-66&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Matsuoka&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Smith%2C+I.&rft.au=Uchimura%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanbaru" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Generosity" title="Generosity">Generosity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_(honor)" title="Glory (honor)">Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_faith" title="Good faith">Good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">Gratitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_virtue" title="Heroic virtue">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honesty" title="Honesty">Honesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_(virtue)" title="Hope (virtue)">Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality" title="Hospitality">Hospitality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humility" title="Humility">Humility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impartiality" title="Impartiality">Impartiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocence" title="Innocence">Innocence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">Insight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence" title="Intelligence">Intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">Emotional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_intelligence" title="Social intelligence">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement" title="Judgement">Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_(virtue)" title="Justice (virtue)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindness" title="Kindness">Kindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnanimity" title="Magnanimity">Magnanimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificence_(history_of_ideas)" title="Magnificence (history of ideas)">Magnificence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meekness" title="Meekness">Meekness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy" title="Mercy">Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation" title="Moderation">Moderation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modesty" title="Modesty">Modesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonattachment_(philosophy)" title="Nonattachment (philosophy)">Nonattachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patience" title="Patience">Patience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspicacity" title="Perspicacity">Perspicacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piety" title="Piety">Piety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filial_piety" title="Filial piety">Filial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pity" title="Pity">Pity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politeness" title="Politeness">Politeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudence" title="Prudence">Prudence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuality" title="Punctuality">Punctuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_(virtue)" title="Religion (virtue)">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renunciation" title="Renunciation">Renunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_resilience" title="Psychological resilience">Resilience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">Respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverence_(emotion)" title="Reverence (emotion)">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_indignation" title="Righteous indignation">Righteous indignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteousness" title="Righteousness">Righteousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-control" title="Self-control">Self-control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-cultivation" title="Self-cultivation">Self-cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-transcendence" title="Self-transcendence">Self-transcendence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sincerity" title="Sincerity">Sincerity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">Sportsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sympathy" title="Sympathy">Sympathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_taste" title="Aesthetic taste">Taste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquillity" title="Tranquillity">Tranquillity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_(social_science)" title="Trust (social science)">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wit" title="Wit">Wit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workmanship" title="Workmanship">Workmanship</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chinese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/De_(Chinese)" title="De (Chinese)">De</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing_(philosophy)" title="Jing (philosophy)">Jing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Li_(Confucianism)" title="Li (Confucianism)">Li</a></i></li> <li><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ren_(philosophy)" title="Ren (philosophy)">Ren</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yi_(philosophy)" title="Yi (philosophy)">Yi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Agape" title="Agape">Agape</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Arete" title="Arete">Arete</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ataraxia" title="Ataraxia">Ataraxia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eutrapelia" title="Eutrapelia">Eutrapelia</a></i></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Philotimo" title="Philotimo">Philotimo</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Phronesis" title="Phronesis">Phronesis</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophia_(wisdom)" title="Sophia (wisdom)">Sophia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophrosyne" title="Sophrosyne">Sophrosyne</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adhi%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na" title="Adhiṭṭhāna">Adhiṭṭhāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Ārjava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhrti" title="Dhrti">Dhṛti</a></i></li> <li><span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hr%C4%AB_(Buddhism)" title="Hrī (Buddhism)">Hrī</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karu%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Karuṇā">Karuṇā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshama" title="Kshama">Kshama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kshanti" title="Kshanti">Kshanti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitr%C4%AB" title="Maitrī">Mettā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudita" title="Mudita">Muditā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Buddhism)" title="Prajñā (Buddhism)">Prajñā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Śraddhā</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Buddhism" title="Faith in Buddhism">Saddhā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Upek%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Upekṣā">Upekṣā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C4%ABrya" title="Vīrya">Vīrya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Auctoritas" title="Auctoritas">Auctoritas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charity_(Christian_virtue)" title="Charity (Christian virtue)">Caritas</a></i></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Decorum" title="Decorum">Decorum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_(Roman_concept)" title="Dignitas (Roman concept)">Dignitas</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Fides_(deity)" title="Fides (deity)">Fides</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gravitas" title="Gravitas">Gravitas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanitas" title="Humanitas">Humanitas</a></i></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Pietas" title="Pietas">Pietas</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virtus" title="Virtus">Virtus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ganbaru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giri_(Japanese)" title="Giri (Japanese)">Giri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i></li> <li><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca"><a href="/wiki/Seny" title="Seny">Seny</a></i></span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sisu" title="Sisu">Sisu</a></i></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Virt%C3%B9" title="Virtù">Virtù</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&oldid=1254158105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ganbaru&oldid=1254158105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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