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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8dl%C3%B8g" title="Rødløg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rødløg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punane_sibul" title="Punane sibul – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Punane sibul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebolla_roja" title="Cebolla roja – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cebolla roja" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Onion cultivar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Red_onion_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Red onion (disambiguation)">Red onion (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above cultivar" style="background:palegreen;">Red onion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Onion_on_White.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Red_Onion_on_White.JPG/220px-Red_Onion_on_White.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Red_Onion_on_White.JPG/330px-Red_Onion_on_White.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Red_Onion_on_White.JPG/440px-Red_Onion_on_White.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A red onion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></th><td class="infobox-data genus" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Allium" title="Allium">Allium</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Allium_cepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Allium cepa">Allium cepa</a></i></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_onions_(cross-sections).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Red_onions_%28cross-sections%29.jpg/220px-Red_onions_%28cross-sections%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Red_onions_%28cross-sections%29.jpg/330px-Red_onions_%28cross-sections%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Red_onions_%28cross-sections%29.jpg/440px-Red_onions_%28cross-sections%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Cross sections of red onions</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Red onions</b> (also known as <b>purple</b> or <b>blue onions</b> in some mainland European countries) are <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Allium_cepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Allium cepa">Allium cepa</a></i>), and have purplish-red skin and white flesh tinged with red. They are most commonly used in cooking, but the skin has also been used as a <a href="/wiki/Dye" title="Dye">dye</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Red onions tend to be medium to large in size and have a sweeter flavor than <a href="/wiki/White_onion" title="White onion">white</a> or <a href="/wiki/Yellow_onion" title="Yellow onion">yellow onions</a> due to low levels of <a href="/wiki/Pyruvate_scale" title="Pyruvate scale">pyruvic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> compounds. They are often consumed raw (and can be added to salads for color and bite), grilled, or lightly cooked with other foods.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red onions are available throughout the year and are high in <a href="/wiki/Flavonoids" class="mw-redirect" title="Flavonoids">flavonoids</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fiber</a> (compared to <a href="/wiki/White_onion" title="White onion">white</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yellow_onion" title="Yellow onion">yellow onions</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cut red onion can be soaked in cool water for a period of time, and the water can be drained off, resulting in less "bite" and pungency.<sup id="cite_ref-soak_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soak-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_onion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tropea">Tropea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_onion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tropea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cipollatropea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Cipollatropea.jpg/220px-Cipollatropea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Cipollatropea.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><i>Rossa di Tropea</i> for sale in Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>The red onion from <a href="/wiki/Tropea" title="Tropea">Tropea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, (Italian: "Cipolla Rossa di Tropea") grows in a small area of <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> in southern Italy, <a href="/wiki/Capo_Vaticano" title="Capo Vaticano">Capo Vaticano</a>, near the city of Tropea.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This onion has a stronger and sweeter aroma and the inner part is juicier and whiter than other red onions and it is possible to make a <a href="/wiki/Jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam">jam</a> with it. In July 2007, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> registered the <a href="/wiki/Protected_geographical_indication" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected geographical indication">Protected geographical indication</a> mark for the red onions produced in this particular area in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turda">Turda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_onion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Turda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The red onion from <a href="/wiki/Turda" title="Turda">Turda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cluj_County" title="Cluj County">Cluj County</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>) (Romanian: "Ceapa de Turda",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a local variety of red onion with light sweeter taste and particular aroma. The area of cultivation encompass the lower <a href="/wiki/Arie%C8%99" title="Arieș">Arieș</a> valley and the middle <a href="/wiki/Mure%C8%99_(river)" title="Mureș (river)">Mureș</a> valley.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Turda onion bulbs are traditionally intertwined into long strings (1–2 m) for marketing purposes and can be found at the traditional markets all over central Romania. "Turda Red Onion" is usually served fresh, as a salad or part of mixed salads and especially as a compulsory garnish for the traditional bean-and-smoked ham soups.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wethersfield">Wethersfield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_onion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wethersfield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, one of the most prominent cultivars of red onion was grown in <a href="/wiki/Wethersfield,_Connecticut" title="Wethersfield, Connecticut">Wethersfield, Connecticut</a>, and was a major source of onions for <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> until the late 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_onion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest Small, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyWY_YkV7qAC&pg=PA367">Top 100 Food Plants</a></i>, p. 367, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/glossary/onion">"Glossary"</a>. bbcgoodfood.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary&rft.pub=bbcgoodfood.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcgoodfood.com%2Fglossary%2Fonion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGennaroLeonardiEspositoSalucci2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gennaro, Laura; Leonardi, Cherubino; Esposito, Fabrizio; Salucci, Monica; Maiani, Giuseppe; Quaglia, Giovanni; Fogliano, Vincenzo (2002). "Flavonoid and Carbohydrate Contents in Tropea Red Onions: Effects of Homelike Peeling and Storage". <i>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</i>. <b>50</b> (7): 1904–1910. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf011102r">10.1021/jf011102r</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11902931">11902931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Flavonoid+and+Carbohydrate+Contents+in+Tropea+Red+Onions%3A+Effects+of+Homelike+Peeling+and+Storage&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1904-1910&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf011102r&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11902931&rft.aulast=Gennaro&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Leonardi%2C+Cherubino&rft.au=Esposito%2C+Fabrizio&rft.au=Salucci%2C+Monica&rft.au=Maiani%2C+Giuseppe&rft.au=Quaglia%2C+Giovanni&rft.au=Fogliano%2C+Vincenzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Jones <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t5VQCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24">The Deerholme Vegetable Cookbook</a></i>, p. 24, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soak-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-soak_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekitchn.com/take-the-bite-out-of-raw-onions-with-this-one-simple-step-61685">"Take the Bite Out of Raw Onions"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Take+the+Bite+Out+of+Raw+Onions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekitchn.com%2Ftake-the-bite-out-of-raw-onions-with-this-one-simple-step-61685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caterersearch.com/Articles/2004/08/06/54591/flavour-of-the-med.html">"Flavour of the Med - 6 August 2004"</a>. CatererSearch. 6 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flavour+of+the+Med+-+6+August+2004&rft.pub=CatererSearch&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caterersearch.com%2FArticles%2F2004%2F08%2F06%2F54591%2Fflavour-of-the-med.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2007:160:0015:0018:EN:PDF">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'CIPOLLA ROSSA DI TROPEA CALABRIA' - Official Journal of the European Union"</a>. <i>EUR-lex</i>. 13 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127034002/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2007:160:0015:0018:EN:PDF">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EUR-lex&rft.atitle=%27CIPOLLA+ROSSA+DI+TROPEA+CALABRIA%27+-+Official+Journal+of+the+European+Union&rft.date=2007-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AC%3A2007%3A160%3A0015%3A0018%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOANCEADRĂGHICI2013" class="citation journal cs1">OANCEA, SIMONA; DRĂGHICI, OLGA (May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17221%2F302%2F2012-CJFS">"pH and Thermal Stability of Anthocyanin-based Optimised Extracts of Romanian Red Onion Cultivars"</a>. <i>Czech Journal of Food Sciences</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 283–291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17221%2F302%2F2012-CJFS">10.17221/302/2012-CJFS</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Czech+Journal+of+Food+Sciences&rft.atitle=pH+and+Thermal+Stability+of+Anthocyanin-based+Optimised+Extracts+of+Romanian+Red+Onion+Cultivars.&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283-291&rft.date=2013-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17221%2F302%2F2012-CJFS&rft.aulast=OANCEA&rft.aufirst=SIMONA&rft.au=DR%C4%82GHICI%2C+OLGA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.17221%252F302%252F2012-CJFS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turdanews.net/articole/actualitate/26877-ceapa-de-turda-la-ziua-recoltei-de-la-cluj.html">"Onion Turda on the Harvest Day in Cluj"</a> (in Romanian). turdanews.net. 8 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Onion+Turda+on+the+Harvest+Day+in+Cluj&rft.pub=turdanews.net&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturdanews.net%2Farticole%2Factualitate%2F26877-ceapa-de-turda-la-ziua-recoltei-de-la-cluj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARed+onion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0916FC3B5413738DDDAB0894DE405B8984F0D3">A Great Trade Vanished. How Connecticut's Onion Monopoly Was Lost</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 2 June 1889</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yankeemagazine.com/issues/2008-09/interact/10things/oniontown/all">Wethersfield, CT, and Onions</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Yankee_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yankee Magazine">Yankee Magazine</a></i>, August 1993</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_onion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Red_onions" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Red onions">Red onions</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304004327/http://www.avrdc.org/LC/onion/practices.html">Onion Cultivation at the World Vegetable Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cipollatropea.it/cipollaTropea.htm">The red onion of Tropea (Italian)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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of Allium species"><i>Allium</i> species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">Leek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Onion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_onion_cultivars" title="List of onion cultivars">Onion cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_rose_onion" title="Bangalore rose onion">Bangalore rose onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%A7ot" title="Calçot">Calçot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipolla_di_Giarratana" title="Cipolla di Giarratana">Cipolla di Giarratana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_onion" title="Cocktail onion">Cocktail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Common / Bulb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_onion" title="Yellow onion">Yellow</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_onion" title="White onion">White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figueres_onion" title="Figueres onion">Figueres onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_onion" title="Pearl onion">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_onion" title="Potato onion">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">Scallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">Shallot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_onion" title="Sweet onion">Sweet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_onion" title="Tree onion">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidalia_onion" title="Vidalia onion">Vidalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Onion#Varieties" title="Onion">Onion species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Allium…" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i>Allium…</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_abramsii" title="Allium abramsii">…abramsii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_acuminatum" title="Allium acuminatum">…acuminatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_aflatunense" title="Allium aflatunense">…aflatunense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_ampeloprasum" title="Allium ampeloprasum">…ampeloprasum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_amplectens" title="Allium amplectens">…amplectens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_anceps" title="Allium anceps">…anceps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_atrorubens" title="Allium atrorubens">…atrorubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_bisceptrum" title="Allium bisceptrum">…bisceptrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_bolanderi" title="Allium bolanderi">…bolanderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_burlewii" title="Allium burlewii">…burlewii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_caeruleum" title="Allium caeruleum">…caeruleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_campanulatum" title="Allium campanulatum">…campanulatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_cernuum" title="Allium cernuum">…cernuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_chinense" title="Allium chinense">…chinense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_cratericola" title="Allium cratericola">…cratericola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_crispum" title="Allium crispum">…crispum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_cristophii" title="Allium cristophii">…cristophii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_fistulosum" title="Allium fistulosum">…fistulosum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_koreanum" title="Allium koreanum">…koreanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_monanthum" title="Allium monanthum">…monanthum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_platycaule" title="Allium platycaule">…platycaule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_praecox" title="Allium praecox">…praecox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_punctum" title="Allium punctum">…punctum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_sanbornii" title="Allium sanbornii">…sanbornii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_shevockii" title="Allium shevockii">…shevockii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_siskiyouense" title="Allium siskiyouense">…siskiyouense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_sphaerocephalon" title="Allium sphaerocephalon">…sphaerocephalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_stellatum" title="Allium stellatum">…stellatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_stipitatum" title="Allium stipitatum">…stipitatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_textile" title="Allium textile">…textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tribracteatum" title="Allium tribracteatum">…tribracteatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tricoccum" title="Allium tricoccum">…tricoccum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_triquetrum" title="Allium triquetrum">…triquetrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuolumnense" title="Allium tuolumnense">…tuolumnense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_unifolium" title="Allium unifolium">…unifolium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_validum" title="Allium validum">…validum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_victorialis" title="Allium victorialis">…victorialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_yosemitense" title="Allium yosemitense">…yosemitense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Onion#Uses" title="Onion">Onion food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_onion_dishes" title="List of onion dishes">List of onion dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooming_onion" title="Blooming onion">Blooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_onion" title="Fried onion">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_cake" title="Onion cake">Onion cake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flammkuchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Flammkuchen">Flammkuchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwiebelkuchen" title="Zwiebelkuchen">Zwiebelkuchen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_ring" title="Onion ring">Onion ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_onion" title="Pickled onion">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogan-dolma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogan-dolma">Sogan-dolma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Garlic cultivars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_garlic" title="Elephant garlic">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">Garlic chives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_Mountain_Garlic" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow Mountain Garlic">Snow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_garlic" title="Solo garlic">Solo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Garlic#Origin_and_major_types" title="Garlic">Garlic species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Allium…" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i>Allium…</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_canadense" title="Allium canadense">…canadense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_drummondii" title="Allium drummondii">…drummondii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_moly" title="Allium moly">…moly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_neapolitanum" title="Allium neapolitanum">…neapolitanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_nigrum" title="Allium nigrum">…nigrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_roseum" title="Allium roseum">…roseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_sphaerocephalon" title="Allium sphaerocephalon">…sphaerocephalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_triquetrum" title="Allium triquetrum">…triquetrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_ursinum" title="Allium ursinum">…ursinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allium_vineale" title="Allium vineale">…vineale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Garlic#Culinary_uses" title="Garlic">Garlic food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_garlic_dishes" title="List of garlic dishes">List of garlic dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_garlic" title="Black garlic">Black garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistou" title="Pistou">Pistou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_oil" title="Garlic oil">Garlic oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_press" title="Garlic press">Garlic press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_bread" title="Garlic bread">Garlic bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_chutney" title="Garlic chutney">Garlic chutney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_butter" title="Garlic butter"><i>Beurre à la bourguignonne</i> (garlic butter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_soup" title="Garlic soup">Garlic soup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Garlic and onion<br />constituents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">Diallyl disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_trisulfide" title="Diallyl trisulfide">Diallyl trisulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_mercaptan" title="Allyl mercaptan">Allyl mercaptan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide" title="Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide">syn-Propanethial-S-oxide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Garlic_Is_as_Good_as_Ten_Mothers" title="Garlic Is as Good as Ten Mothers">Garlic Is as Good as Ten Mothers</a></i> (1980 documentary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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